Class XI Session 2024-25

Subject - Chemistry
Sample Question Paper - 9

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

General Instructions:

1. There are 33 questions in this question paper with internal choice.

2. SECTION A consists of 16 multiple-choice questions carrying 1 mark each.

3. SECTION B consists of 5 very short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.

4. SECTION C consists of 7 short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.

5. SECTION D consists of 2 case-based questions carrying 4 marks each.

6. SECTION E consists of 3 long answer questions carrying 5 marks each.

7. All questions are compulsory.

8. The use of log tables and calculators is not allowed

Section A
1. Choose the most appropriate answer for the statement, "Rearrangement of atoms occurs whenever a chemical [1]
bond breaks or is formed, when

a) a chemical reaction takes place b) products appear,

c) catalysts are produced. d) reactants disappear

2. An electron has a [1]

a) negligible mass b) relative charge of -1

c) all of these d) the charge is opposite and equal to a proton

3. Which one is the correct unit for entropy? [1]

a) JK-1 mol b) kJ mol

c) JK-1 mol-1 d) KJ mol-1

4. According to quantum mechanics ψ (r) the wave function squared gives:

2
[1]

a) probability of finding a neutron b) probability density of finding an electron

c) probability of finding an electron d) probability density of finding a proton

5. In an open system, which of the following take place? [1]

a) The boundaries prevent the flow of matter b) The boundaries permit the flow of matter
into or out of it. into or out of it.

c) The boundaries prevent the flow of matter d) The boundaries prevent the flow of energy
but not of energy. into it.

Page 1 of 13
 6. Usings s,p,d, and f notation, choose the orbital with n=4, l=3 quantum numbers. [1]

a) 4p b) 4d

c) 3d d) 4f
7. The oxidation state of iron in K4[Fe (CN)6] is: [1]

a) +2 b) 3

c) 1 d) 4
8. Sodium cyanide, sulphide, and halide, (-CN, -S, and -H, coming from the organic compound) formed on fusion [1]
with sodium are extracted from the fused mass by boiling it with distilled water. This is called:

a) Sodium fusion extract b) Sodium fusion ion extraction

c) Ion extract after sodium fusion d) Double distillate

9. Boiling point of alkanes are: [1]

a) is independent of branching. b) decreases with increase in molecular mass.

c) is independent of molecular mass. d) increases with increase in molecular mass.

10. According to Mendeleev’s periodic law, the physical and chemical properties of elements are a periodic function [1]
of their ________.

a) atomic radii b) atomic numbers

c) atomic masses d) empirical formulae

11. Select the incorrect expression from the following. [1]

a) ΔS total < 0 (spontaneous process) b) ΔG = ΔH - T ΔS

c) ΔS total = ΔS system + ΔS
surr d) ΔSsurr =
ΔHsu rr
=-
ΔHsys

T T

12. Which of the following will not show geometrical isomerism? [1]

a) b)

c) d)

13. Assertion (A): Energy of resonance hybrid is equal to the average of energies of all canonical forms. [1]
Reason (R): Resonance hybrid cannot be presented by a single structure.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

14. Assertion (A): The octane number of branched chain hydrocarbon is higher than that of unbranched chain [1]
hydrocarbons.
Reason (R): The branched chain hydrocarbons are more volatile than unbranched chain hydrocarbons.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

Page 2 of 13
 c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.
15. Assertion (A): Line emission spectra help in the study of electronic configuration. [1]
Reason (R): Each element has a unique line emission spectrum.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

16. Assertion (A): 1 g O2 and 1 g O3 have an equal number of atoms. [1]

Reason (R): Mass of 1-mole atom is equal to its gram atomic mass.

a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

Section B
17. The solubility product of BaSO4 at 25oC is 1.0 × 10-9. What would be the concentration of H2SO4 necessary to [2]

precipitate BaSO4 from a solution of 0.01 M Ba2+ ions?

18. What is the basic theme of organisation in the periodic table? [2]
19. if 6.3 g of NaHCO3 are added to 15.0 g of CH3COOH solution, the residue is found to weigh 18.0 g. What is the [2]

mass of CO2 released in the reaction?

20. Write the chemical equation for combustion reaction of the following hydrocarbons: [2]
i. Butane
ii. Pentene
OR
Convert:
i. Ethane to butane
ii. Ethyne to methane
21. Discuss the similarities and differences between a 1s and s 2s orbital. [2]
Section C
22. Discuss the hybridisation of Be in gaseous state and solid state. [3]
23. Answer: [3]
(a) Heat capacity (Cp) is an extensive property but specific heat (C) is an intensive property. What will be [1]

the relation between Cp and C for 1 mole of water?

(b) Predict the sign of ΔS for the following reaction [1]
heat

CaCO3 (s) ⟶ CaO(s) + CO2 (g)

(c) What are the units of entropy? [1]

24. Using the data (all values are in kilocalories per mole at 25°C) given below, calculate the bond energy of C-C [3]
and C-H bonds.
ΔH
o
combustion (ethane) = -372.0
ΔH
o
combustion (propane) = -530.0
ΔH
o
for C (graphite) → C(g) = 172.0
Bond energy of H - H = 104.0

Page 3 of 13
 Δf H
o
of H2O (l) = - 68.0

ΔH
o
for CO2(g) = - 94.0

25. Write formulas for the following compounds: [3]

i. Mercury (II) chloride
ii. Nickel (II) sulphate
iii. Tin (iv) oxide
iv. Thallium (I) sulphate
v. Iron (III) sulphate
vi. Chromium (III) oxide
26. What transition in a hydrogen spectrum would have the same wavelength Balmer transition n = 4 to n = 2 of [3]
¯
¯¯
v =
1

λ
= RHZ2 ( 1

2
−
1

2
) spectrum?
n n
1 2

27. Consider the ground state electronic configurations given below: [3]
i. 1s 2 2
2s 2p
6

ii. 1s 2 2
2s 2p
4

iii. 1s 2 2 6
2s 2p 3s
2

iv. 1s 2 2 6
2s 2p 3s
1

v. 1s 2 2
2s 2p
5

a. Which of the above configuration is associated with the lowest and which is associated with the highest
ionization enthalpy?
b. Arrange the above configurations in order of increasing negative electron gain enthalpy.
28. A crystalline salt, when heated, becomes anhydrous and losses 51.2 % of its weight. The anhydrous salt on [3]
analysis gave the percentage composition as Mg = 20.0 %, S = 26.66 % and O = 53.33 %.
Section D
29. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
The phenomenon of the existence of two or more compounds possessing the same molecular formula but
different properties is known as isomerism. Such compounds are called isomers. Compounds having the same
molecular formula but different structures (manners in which atoms are linked) are classified as structural
isomers. Structural isomers are classified as chain isomer, position isomer, functional group isomer.
Meristematic arises due to different alkyl chains on either side of the functional group in the molecule and
stereoisomerism and can be classified as geometrical and optical isomerism. Hyperconjugation is a general
stabilising interaction. It involves delocalisation of σ electrons of the C-H bond of an alkyl group directly
attached to an atom of an unsaturated system or to an atom with an unshared p orbital. This type of overlap
stabilises the carbocation because electron density from the adjacent σ bond helps in dispersing the positive
charge.
i. Why Isopentane, pentane and Neopentane are chain isomers?
ii. The molecular formula C3H8O represents which isomer?

iii. What type of isomerism is shown by Methoxypropane and ethoxyethane?

OR
Why hyperconjugation is a permanent effect?
30. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
The molecular orbital theory is based on the principle of a linear combination of atomic orbitals. According to

Page 4 of 13
 this approach when atomic orbitals of the atoms come closer, they undergo constructive interference as well as
destructive interference giving molecular orbitals, i.e., two atomic orbitals overlap to form two molecular
orbitals, one of which lies at a lower energy level (bonding molecular orbital). Each molecular orbital can hold
one or two electrons in accordance with Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity.
For molecules up to N2, the order of filling of orbitals is:
∗ ∗
∗ ∗ ∗
σ(1s)σ (1s), σ(2s)σ (2s), π (2px ) = π (2py ) , σ (2pz ) ,π (2px ) = π (2py ) , σ (2pz )

and for molecules after N2, the order of filling is:

∗ ∗
∗ ∗ ∗
σ(1s)σ (1s), σ(2s)σ (2s), σ (2pz ) , π (2px ) = π (2py ) ,π (2px ) = π (2py ) , σ (2pz )

Bond order = 1

2
[bonding electrons - antibonding electrons]
Bond order gives the following information:
I. If bond order is greater than zero, the molecule/ion exists otherwise not.
II. Higher the bond order, higher is the bond dissociation energy.
III. Higher the bond order, greater is the bond stability.
IV. Higher the bond order, shorter is the bond length.

i. Arrange the following negative stabilities of CN, CN+ and CN- in increasing order of bond. (1)
ii. The molecular orbital theory is preferred over valence bond theory. Why? (1)
iii. Ethyne is acidic in nature in comparison to ethene and ethane. Why is it so? (2)
OR
Bonding molecular orbital is lowered by a greater amount of energy than the amount by which antibonding
molecular orbital is raised. Is this statement correct? (2)
Section E
31. Attempt any five of the following: [5]
(a) How will you distinguish between propene and propane? [1]
(b) The intermediate carbocation formed in the reactions of HI, HBr and HCl with propene is the same [1]

and the bond energy of HCl, HBr and HI is 430.5 kJ mol-1, 363.7 kJ mol-1 and 296.8 kJ mol-1
respectively. What will be the order of reactivity of these halogen acids?
(c) Explain why p-xylene has a higher melting point than the corresponding ortho or meta isomers. [1]
(d) Name the simplest alkyne. [1]
(e) What are cycloalkanes? [1]
(f) Out of CH3CH2CH2Cl and CH2 = CH - CH2 - Cl, which one is more reactive towards SN1 reaction? [1]
(g) Explain why alkynes are less reactive than alkenes towards addition of Br2. [1]

32. Calculate the pH of the resultant mixtures. [5]

a. 10 mL of 0.2 M Ca(OH)2 + 25 mL of 0.1 M HCl

b. 10 mL of 0.01 M H2SO4 + 10 mL of 0.01 M Ca(OH)2

c. 10 mL of 0.1 M H2SO4 + 10 mL of 0.1 M KOH

OR
The value of Kc = 4.24 at 800K for the reaction,

CO(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ CO2(g) + H2(g)

Calculate equilibrium concentrations of CO2, H2, CO, and H2O at 800 K, if only CO and H2O are present initially at
concentrations of 0.10M each.

Page 5 of 13
33. Answer: [5]
(a) i. i. CH3—CH2—CH2—CH2—OH [2.5]

ii. CH3 − C H2 − CH − C H3
|

OH

C H3

iii. C H 3
− C − C H3
|

OH

iv. C H 3 − CH − C H2 − OH
|

C H3

v. CH3—CH2 —O—CH2—CH
vi. CH3—O—CH2—CH2—CH3

vii. C H 3 − O − CH − C H3
|

C H3

Identify the pairs of compounds that represent chain isomerism.

ii. Which of the following represents the correct IUPAC name for the compounds concerned? [2.5]
a. 2, 2-Dimethylpentane or 2-Dimethylpentane
b. 2, 4, 7-Trimethyloctane or 2, 5, 7-Trimethyloctane
c. 2-Chloro-4-methylpentane or 4-Chloro-2-methylpentane
d. But-3-yn-1-ol or But-4-ol-1-yne.

OR
i. Write the IUPAC name of the compound from its given structure. [2.5]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

C H3 − C H2 − C H − C H2 − C H2 − C H − C H2 − C H3
| C H3

OH

ii. An organic compound contains 69% carbon and 4.8% hydrogen, the remainder being [2.5]
oxygen. Calculate the masses of carbon dioxide and water produced when 0.20 g of this
compound is subjected to complete combustion.

Page 6 of 13
 Solution
Section A
1. (a) a chemical reaction takes place
Explanation: In a chemical reaction there is simultaneous ,
* bond breaking of the reagents
* bond formation in products &
* rearrangement of atoms
resulting into appearance / yield of products .
2.
(c) all of these
Explanation: all of these
3.
(c) JK-1 mol-1
qrev
Explanation: As △ S = T

It is an extensive entropy, therefore, the SI unit of entropy change is Joule K-1 mol-1.
4.
(b) probability density of finding an electron
Explanation: Probability density of finding an electron at a point within an atom, it is possible to predict the region around the
nucleus where the electron can most probably be found.
ψ has no physical significance while ψ represents the probability density of finding an electron.
2 2

5.
(b) The boundaries permit the flow of matter into or out of it.
Explanation: In an open system, there is a flow of matter and energy in and out of the system or vice versa. For example, an
air compressor in which the air enters at low pressure and exit at high pressure and there is energy interaction with the
surrounding.
6.
(d) 4f
Explanation: Here n= principal quantum number, l= azimuthal quantum number. For n = 4 and l = 3 The orbital is 4f (can
have a maximum of 14 electrons).
7. (a) +2
Explanation: K4 [Fe(CN)6]
4(+1) + x + 6(-1) = 0
Hence x = +2
8. (a) Sodium fusion extract
Explanation: Nitrogen, sulphur, halogens, and phosphorus present in an organic compound are detected by “Lassaigne’s test”.
The elements present in the compound are converted from the covalent form into the ionic form by fusing the compound with
sodium metal. Cyanide, sulphide, and halide of sodium so formed on sodium fusion are extracted from the fused mass by
boiling it with distilled water. This extract is known as sodium fusion extract.
9.
(d) increases with increase in molecular mass.
Explanation: As molecular mass increases, the magnitude of Van der Waals forces of attraction increases and hence boiling
point increases accordingly.
10.
(c) atomic masses
Explanation: atomic masses

Page 7 of 13
11. (a) ΔS < 0 (spontaneous process)
total

Explanation: For spontaneous process, ΔS >0 total

T ΔS - ΔH
system > 0 - (ΔH
system - T ΔS system )>0
system

12.
(c)

Explanation: This is because geometrical isomerism is not possible if three groups are same.
13.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: Canonical structures always have more energy than a resonance hybrid. Resonance hybrids are always more
stable than any of the canonical structures. The delocalization of electrons lowers the orbitals' energy and gives stability.

14.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Branched chain hydrocarbons produce less knocking.
15.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Line emission spectra gives information about electronic configuration which is unique to element by virtue of
having that type of electronic arrangement.
16.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Mass of 1 mole is its gram- atomic mass
1 mol of O2 → 2 atoms.

Therefore no. of atoms in 1g O2​= 3/21​×2×6.02×1023 = 6.02×1023/16

Similarly, no. of atoms in 1g O3 = 4/81​×3×6.02×1023 = 6.02×1023/16

They have the same no. of atoms.
Section B
17. According to the question, the solubility product of BaSO4 at 25oC is 1.0 × 10-9.
Precipitation will take place when, ionic product > solubility product
Reaction:
2+ 2−
BaSO4 ⇌ Ba + SO
4

Ksp = [Ba 2+
] [ SO
2−

4
]

−9
1.0×10
∴ S= 0.01

= 10-7 mol/L
18. The basic theme of organisation of elements in the periodic table is to classify the elements in periods and groups according to
their properties. This systematic arrangement makes the study of elements and their compounds, simple to understand and easy to
interpert.
− +

19. NaHC03 + CH3 COOH → H 2O + CH3 C O ONa + CO2


Residue

Sum of the masses of reactants = 6.3 + 15 = 21.3 g

Sum of the masses of products = x + 18

Page 8 of 13
 21.3 = x + 18; x = 21.3 - 18 = 3.3 g
Thus, the mass of the CO2 released is 3.3 g.

20. i. C 4 H10 (g) +

13

2
O2 (g) → 4CO2 (g) + 5H2 O(g)
Butane

15
ii. C5 H10 (g) +
2
O2 (g) → 5CO2 (g) + 5H2 O(g)
Pentene

OR
CI2 2Na, ether

i. CH 3 CH3 −−−−→ CH3 CH2 CI −−−−−−−−→ CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3

Ethane Sunlight Ethyle chloride Wurtz reaction Butane

+
H , H2 O [O] NaOH

ii. HC ≡ CH −−−−−→ CH 3 CHO −−−−−−−−→ CH3 COOH −−−→ CH3 COONa

Ethyne Ethanal + ↓NaOH, CaO
HgSO4 K2 Cr2 O7 , H

CH4

Methane

21. Similarities:
i. Both have a spherical shape.
ii. Both have same angular momentum
−−−−− −−
As it is = √1(1 + 1) h

2π

Differences
i. Is has no node while 2s has one node.
ii. Energy of 2s is greater than that of 1s.
Section C
22. In gaseous state at high temperature, BeCl2 exists as linear molecule, Cl - Be - Cl, thus the hybridisation of the central atoms is sp.
C I − Be − C I
Structure of BeCI in

gaseous state

In solid state, it has a polymeric structure with chlorine bridges as follows.

Two Cl-atoms are listed to be atom by two coordination bonns and two by covalent bonds.
For these bonds to be formed, Be in the excited state with the configuration 1s 2s 2p 2p 2p 2 1 1
x
0
y
0
z

undergoes sp3 hybridisation.

Two half-filled hybrid orbitals will form normal covalent bonds with two Cl-atom. The other two Cl-atoms are coordinated to Be-
atom by donating electron pairs into the empty hybrid orbitals.
23. Answer:
(i) We know that, Specific heat(C) of water is = 4.18 Jg-1K-1
Now, Heat capacity(Cp) of water is = 18 × C
= 18 × 4.18 JK-1
= 75.3 JK-1
(ii) ΔS is positive.
(iii)SI units of ΔS = JK-1 mol-1
24. We are given
7
i. C2H6(g) + 2
O2(g) → 2 CO2(g) + H2O; ΔH = -372.0 kcal o

ii. C3H8(g) + 5 O2(g) → 3 CO2(g) + 4 H2O; ΔH = -530.0 kcal o

iii. C(s) → C (g); ΔH = 172.0 kcal o

iv. H2(g) → 2 H(g); ΔH = 104.0 kcal o

1
v. H2(g) + 2
O2(g ) → H2O(l); ΔH = -68.0 kcal o

vi. C(g) + C2(g) → CO2(g); ΔH = -94.0 kcal o

Suppose the bond energy of C-C bond = x kcal mol-1 and that of C-H bond = y kcal mol-1. Then for C2H6 (g),
H H

| |

i.e. H − C − C − H → 2C(g) + 6H;

| |

H H

Page 9 of 13
 Δ H = x + 6y ...(vii)
and for C3H8(g); i.e.
H H H

| | |

H − C − C − C − H → 3C(g) + 8H(g);
| | |

H H H

Δ H = 2x + 8y ...(viii)
To get Eq. (vii), operate Eq. (i) + 2 × Eq. (iii) + 3 × Eq. (iv) - 3 × Eq. (v) - 2 × Eq. (vi).
It gives ΔH = 676 kcal
It get Eq. (viii) operate Eq. (ii) + Eq. (iii) + 4 × Eq (iv)
-4 × Eq. (v) - 3 × Eq (vi)
It gives ΔH = 956 kcal
Thus, x + 6y = 676,
2x + 8y = 956
On solving these equations, we get
x = 82, y = 99
Hence, C-C bond energy = 82 kcal mol-1 and C-H
bond energy = 99 kcal mol-1
25. i. HgCI2
ii. NiSO4
iii. SnO2
iv. TI2SO4
v. Fe2(SO4)3
vi. Cr2O3

26. For an atom, v̄ = ¯

¯
1

λ
= RHZ2 ( 1

2
−
1

2
)
n n
1 2

For He+ spectrum : Z = 4,n2 = 4,n1 = 2

3RH
∴ For hydrogen spectrum: v̄ = ¯
¯
4
and Z = 1
1 1 1
¯¯
∴ v̄ = = RH × 1 ( − )
λ 2 2
n n
1 2

3RH
or R H (
1

2
−
1

2
) =
4
or 1

2
−
1

2
=
3

4
n m n n
1 2 1 2

This corresponding to n1 = 1,n2 = 2 and means that the transition has taken Lyman series from n = 2 to n = 1.
Thus, the transition is from n2 to n1 in case of hydrogen spectrum.

27. a. Lowest ionisation enthalpy = D

Highest ionisation enthalpy = A
b. Order of increasing negative electron gain enthalpy is:
A<C<D<B<E

Relative no. of
Element % of mass Atomic mass Simple molar ratio
28. moles element
20
Mg 20 24 24
= 0.8333 0.8333/ 0.8125 = 1.02 =1
26
S 26 32 32
= 0.8125 0.8125 / 0.8125 =1
53.33
O 53.33 16 16
= 3.333125 3.33125 / 0.8125 = 4.1 =4
Since, Mg : S : O = 1:1:4
Therefore, The empirical formula of the anhydrous salt = MgSO4.
Empirical formula mass = 1 × Mg + 1 × S +4 × O = 1 × 24 + 1 × 32 + 4 × 16 =24 + 32 + 64 =120.
Molecular mass = 120.
Now, n = Molecular Mass
= =1
Empirical f ormula Mass
120

120

Hence, molecular formula = n × (Empirical formula) = MgSO4.

Page 10 of 13
 As crystalline salt on becoming anhydrous loses 51.2 % by mass, this means 48.8 g of anhydrous salt contain H2O = 51.2 g.
Therefore, 120 g of anhydrous salt contains = 51.2

48.8
× 120g = 126g =
126

18
molecules = 7H2 O

Hence, the molecular formula of crystalline salt = MgSO4.7H2O

Section D
29. i. Isopentane, pentane and Neopentane are chain isomers because they have a similar molecular formula but a different carbon
skeleton.
ii. The molecular formula C3H8O represents positional isomers because they differ in the position of substituent functional
group(OH) on the carbon skeleton.
iii. Methoxypropane and ethoxyethane are metamers because none of its side are similar to each other.
OR
The σ electrons of C-H bond of the alkyl group enter into partial conjugation with the attached unsaturated system or with the
unshared p orbital therefore hyperconjugation is permanent effect.
30. i. The increasing order of negative stabilities of CN, CN+ and CN- is CN+ > CN > CN-.
ii. The molecular orbital theory is preferred over valence bond theory because molecular orbital theory explains the magnetic
nature of the molecule.
iii. In ethyne, hydrogen atoms are connected to sp hybridized carbon atoms, but in ethene, they are attached to sp2 hybridized
carbon atoms and in ethane, they are attached to sp3 hybridized carbons.
OR
The given statement is not correct because the bonding molecular orbital is lowered by a lesser amount of energy than the
amount by which antibonding molecular orbital is raised.
Section E
31. Attempt any five of the following:
(i) Pass them through dilute cold KMnO solution (purple) or Br2in CCl4 solution (rud). Propene will decolourise both the
4

solutions but propane does not react.

(ii) The bond dissociation enthalpy decreases in the order HCl > HBr > Hl, the order of reactivity of these halogen acids is
in the reverse order i.e., Hl > HBr > HCl.
(iii)The para isomer has a more symmetrical structure, allowing it to fit better into the crystal lattice than ortho or meta
isomer.
So, p-xylene has a higher melting point than the corresponding ortho or meta isomers.
(iv)Ethyne is the simplest alkyne. Formula of ethyne is C2H2.
Structure: H − C ≡ C − H
(v) Cycloalkanes: When carbon atoms form a closed chain or ring structures, they are known as cycloalkanes.
Example: Cyclohexane

(vi)CH2 = CH - CH2Cl
(vii)The triple bonds of alkynes, because of its high electron density, are easily attacked by electrophiles, but less reactive
than alkenes due to the compact C-C electron cloud. The three-membered ring bromonium ion formed from the alkyne
(A) has a full double bond causing it to be more stained and less stable than the one from the alkene (B),

Page 11 of 13
 Also, the carbon’s of (A) that are part of the bromonium ion has more s-character than (B), further making (A) less
stable than (B).
32. a. 10 mL of 0.2 M C a(OH) 2 = 10 × 0.2 millimoles = 2 mmol of Ca(OH)2
25 mL of 0.1 M HCl = 25 × 0.1 mmol = 2.5 mmol of HCl
C a(OH )2 + 2HC l → C aC l2 + 2H2 O

0.1 mmol of Ca(OH)2 reacts with 2 mmol of HCl

∴ 2.5 mmol of HCl will react with 1.25 mmol of Ca(OH)2
∴ Ca(OH)2 left = 2 - 1.25 =0.75 mmol (HCl is the limiting reactant)
Total volume of the solution = 10 + 25 = 35 mL
∴ Molarity of Ca(OH)2 in the mixture solution = = 0.0214 M
0.75
M
35

∴ [O H
−1
] = 2 × 0.0214M = 0.0428 M = 4.28 × 10 −2

−2
pOH = − log(4.28 × 10 ) = 2 − 0.6314 = 1.3686 ≅1.37

∴ pH = 14 - 1.37 = 12.63
b. 10 mL of 0.01M H2SOI4 = 10 × 0.01 mmol = 0.1 mmol
10 mL of 0.01 M Ca(OH)2 = 10 × 0.01 mmol = 0.1 mmol
C a(OH )2 + H2 SO4 → C aSO4 + 2H2 O

1 mole of Ca(OH)2 reacts with 1 mole of H2SO4

∴ 1 mmol of Ca(OH)2 will react completely with 0.1 mmol of H2SO4. Hence, solution will be neutral with pH = 7.0
c. 10 mL of 0.1 M H2SO4 = 1 mmol
10 mL of 0.1 M KOH = 1 mmol
2K OH + H2 SO4 → K2 SO4 + 2H2 O

1 millimole of KOH will react with 0.5 mmol of H2SO4

∴ H2SO4 left = 1 - 0.5 = 0.5 mmol
Volume of reaction mixture = 10 + 10 = 20 mL
∴ Molarity of H2SO4 in the mixture solution =
0.5 −12
= 2.5 × 10 M
20

+ −2 −2
[H ] = 2 × 2.5 × 10 = 5 × 10

−2
pH = − log(5 × 10 ) = 2 − 0.699 = 1.3

OR
For the reaction CO (g) + H2O (g) ⇌ CO2(g) + H2(g) (The value of Kc = 4.24 at 800K)
Initial concentration:
0.1M, 0.1M, 0, 0
Let x mole per litre of each of the products being formed.
At equilibrium:
(0.1 - x)M, (0.1-x)M, x M, x M
where x is the amount of CO2 and H2 at equilibrium.
The equilibrium constant can be written as,
[C O2 ][ H2 ] 2

Kc= [CO][ H2 O]
= x

2
= 4.24
(0.1−x)

x2 = 4.24(0.01 + x2 - 0.2x)
x2 = 0.0424 + 4.24x2 - 0.848x
3.24x2 - 0.848x + 0.0424 = 0
a = 3.24, b = -0.848, c = 0.0424
(for quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0

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 2
(−b± √b −4ac)

x= 2a

2
−(−0.848)± √(−0.848) −4(3.24)(0.0424)

x =
2(3.24)

−0.848±0.4118
x =
6.48

x1 = (0.848 – 0.4118)/6.48 = 0.067

x2 = (0.848 + 0.4118)/6.48 = 0.194
the value 0.194 should be neglected because it will give concentration of the reactant which is more than initial concentration.
Therefore, the equilibrium concentrations of CO2, H2, CO and H2O at 800 K are,

[CO2] = [H2-] = x = 0.067 M

[CO] = [H2O] = 0.1 – 0.067 = 0.033 M
33. Answer:
(i) i. When two or more compounds have a similar molecular formula but different carbon skeletons, these are referred to
as chain isomers and the phenomenon is termed as chain isomerism.
(i) and (iii); (i) and (iv); (ii) and (iii); (ii) and (iv) are chain isomers.
ii. a. 2, 2-Demethylpentane
b. 2, 4,7-Trimethyloctane. For two alkyl groups on the same carbon its locant is repeated twice, 2, 4, 7-locant set is
lower than 2, 5, 7.
c. 2-Chloro-4-methylpentane. Alphabetical order of substituents.
d. But-3-yn-1-ol. Lower locant for the principal functional group, i.e., alcohol.
OR
i. The functional group present is alcohol (-OH). Hence the suffix is ‘-ol’.
The longest chain containing -OH has eight carbon atoms. Hence the corresponding saturated hydrocarbon is
octane.
The -OH is on carbon atom 3. In addition, a methyl group is attached at 6th carbon atom.
Hence, the systematic name/IUPAC name of this compound is 6-Methyloctan-3-ol.
ii. Step I. Calculation of mass of produced
Mass of compound = 0.20 g
Percentage of carbon = 69%

Percentage of carbon =

∴ Mass of formed = = 0.506 g

Step II. Calculation of mass of produced

Mass of compound = 0.20 g
Percentage of hydrogen = 4.8%

Percentage of hydrogen

∴ Mass of formed = = 0.0864 g

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