Jee

Class XI Session 2024-25
Subject - Chemistry
Sample Question Paper - 1
Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70
General Instructions:
1. There are 33 questions in this question paper with internal choice.
2. SECTION A consists of 16 multiple-choice questions carrying 1 mark each.
3. SECTION B consists of 5 very short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.
4. SECTION C consists of 7 short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.
5. SECTION D consists of 2 case-based questions carrying 4 marks each.
6. SECTION E consists of 3 long answer questions carrying 5 marks each.
7. All questions are compulsory.

8. The use of log tables and calculators is not allowed
Section A
1. -122°C in Fahrenheit scale is [1]
a) 237.6°F b) -317.6°F
c) 317.6 °F d) -187.6°F
2. The orbital with n = 3 and l = 2 is [1]
a) 3p b) 3d
c) 3s d) 3f
3. The enthalpies of elements in their standard states are taken as zero. The enthalpy of formation of a compound [1]
is:
a) is never negative. b) may be positive or negative.
c) is always negative. d) is always positive.

4. Maximum number of electrons in a subshell with l = 3 and n = 4 is _____. [1]
a) 14 b) 32
c) 16 d) 12
5. To vaporize 100.0 g carbon tetrachloride at its normal boiling point, 349.9 K, and P =1 atm, 19.5 kJ of heat is [1]
required. Calculate ΔH vap for CCl4?
a) 30.0 kJ b) 42.0 kJ
c) 34.0 kJ d) 23.0 kJ
6. The energy associated with the first orbit in the hydrogen atom is -2.18 × 10-18 J/atom. Calculate the radius of [1]
Page 1 of 12
Bohr’s fifth orbit for hydrogen atom.
a) 1.3225 nm b) 13.2250 nm
c) 2.3225 nm d) 0.13225 nm
7. In the given reaction, [1]
CH2 = CH2(g) + H2(g) → CH3 - CH3(g)
ethene undergoes
a) reduction process b) All of these
c) addition process d) oxidation process

8. To which the terms stationary phase and mobile phase are associated? [1]
a) Chromatography b) Spectroscopy
c) Differential Extraction d) Distillation under reduced pressure

9. What product is obtained by heating ethylidene chloride with alcoholic KOH? [1]
a) Ethyne b) Methane
c) Ethene d) Ethane
10. The ionic radii of N3-, O2- and F- are respectively given by: [1]
a) 1.36, 1.71, 1.40 b) 1.36, 1.40, 1.71
c) 1.71, 1.40, 1.36 d) 1.71, 1.36, 1.40

11. In a closed system, which of the following take place? [1]
a) The boundaries permit the flow of matter b) The boundaries permit the flow of matter
into it but not vice versa. into or out of it.
c) The boundaries prevent the flow of matter d) The boundaries prevent the flow of matter
into or out of it. out of it but not vice versa.
12. The number of possible conformational isomers of ethane is ________. [1]
a) infinite b) zero
c) one d) two
13. Assertion (A): The term tautomerism was introduced by Maxwell in order to explain the chemical reactivity of [1]
a substance according to two possible structures.
Reason (R): Metamers can also be chain isomers or position isomers.
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct b) Both A and R are true but R is not the
explanation of A. correct explanation of A.
c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

14. Assertion (A): C6H5F gives large amount of nitration products than all the other halides. [1]
Reason (R): F is most electronegative.
Page 2 of 12
15. Assertion: A spectral line will be seen for a 2p x → 2py transition. [1]
Reason: Energy is released in the form of waves of light when the electron drops from 2pv to 2p orbital.
a) If both Assertion & Reason are true and the b) If both Assertion & Reason are true but the
reason is the correct explanation of the reason is not the correct explanation of the
assertion. assertion.
c) If Assertion is true statement but Reason is d) If both Assertion and Reason are false
false. statements.
16. Assertion (A): Both 32 g of SO2 and 8 g of CH4 contain the same number of molecules. [1]
Reason (R): Equal moles of two compounds contain the same number of molecules.

Section B
17. Calculate the solubility of A2X3 in pure water, assuming that neither kind of ion reacts with water. The solubility [2]
product of A2X3, Ksp = 1.1 × 10–23.

18. The electron gain enthalpy of bromine is 3.36 eV. How much energy in kcal is released when 8 g of bromine is [2]
completely converted to Br- ions in the gaseous state?

(1 eV = 23.06 kcal mol-1).
19. The element H and O combine separately with the third element S to form H2S and SO2 respectively, then show [2]
that they combine directly with each other to from H2O.
20. Write the structure and IUPAC names of different structural isomers of alkenes corresponding to C5H10. [2]
OR
Write hydrocarbon radicals that can be formed as intermediates during monochlorination of 2-methylpropane. Which
of them is more stable? Give reasons.
21. Prove that the density of the nucleus is constant. [2]
Section C
22. Write Lewis symbols for the following atoms and ions: [3]
S and S2–; Al and Al3+; H and H–
23. Answer: [3]
(a) Consider the same expansion, but this time against a constant external pressure of 1 atm. [1]
(b) What do you mean by entropy? [1]
(c) Air contains about 99% of N2 and O2 gases. Why they do not combine to form NO under the standard [1]
conditions? Standard Gibbs energy of formation of NO(g) is 86.7 kJ mol-1.

24. Assuming the water vapor to be a perfect gas, calculate the internal energy change when 1 mol of water at 100°C [3]
Page 3 of 12
and 1 bar pressure is converted to the ice at 0°C. Given the enthalpy of fusion of ice is 6.00 kJ mol1 heat
capacity of water is 4.2 J/g°C.
25. PbO and PbO2 react with HCl according to the following chemical equations: [3]
2PbO + 4HCl → 2PbCl2 + 2H2O
PbO2 + 4HCl → PbCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O

Why do these compounds differ in their reactivity?
26. Similar to electron diffraction, neutron diffraction microscope is also used for the determination of the structure [3]
of molecules. If the wavelength used here is 800 pm. Calculate the characteristic velocity associated with the
neutron.
27. How do atomic radius vary in a period and in a group? How do you explain the variation? [3]
28. A sugar syrup of weight 214.2 g contains 34.2 g of sugar (C12H22O11). Calculate [3]
i. molal concentration, and

ii. mole fraction of sugar in the syrup
Section D
29. Read the following text carefully and answer the questions that follow: [4]
Chromatography is an important technique extensively used to separate mixtures into their components, purify
compounds and also test the purity of compounds. Based on the principle involved, chromatography is classified
into different categories. Two of these are Adsorption chromatography and Partition chromatography. Two main
types of chromatographic techniques are based on the principle of differential adsorption column
chromatography, and thin-layer chromatography. Adsorption chromatography is based on the fact that different
compounds are adsorbed on an adsorbent to different degrees. Column chromatography involves the separation
of a mixture over a column of adsorbent (stationary phase) packed in a glass tube. Thin-layer chromatography
(TLC) is another type of adsorption chromatography, which involves the separation of substances of a mixture
over a thin layer of an adsorbent coated on a glass plate. Partition chromatography is based on the continuous
differential partitioning of components of a mixture between stationary and mobile phases.
i. Which adsorbent is used in adsorption chromatography?
ii. How do you visualize colourless compounds after separation in Paper Chromatography?
iii. Why paper chromatography is a type of partition chromatography?
OR
Which chromatography is shown in following image?
In order to explain the characteristic geometrical shapes of polyatomic molecules, Pauling introduced the
concept of hybridisation. The orbitals undergoing hybridisation should have nearly the same energy. There are
various type of hybridisations involving s, p and d-type of orbitals. The type of hybridisation gives the
characteristic shape of the molecule or ion.
Page 4 of 12
i. Why all the orbitals in a set of hybridised orbitals have the same shape and energy?
ii. Out of XeF2 and SF2 which molecule has the same shape as N O ion? +
iii. Out of XeF4 and XeF2 which molecule doesn't have the same type of hybridisation as P(Phosphorus) has in
PF5?
OR
Unsaturated compounds undergo additional reactions. Why?
Section E
31. Attempt any five of the following: [5]
(a) Convert methane into ethane. [1]
(b) Write IUPAC name of the following: CH3 (CH2)4 CH (CH2)3 CH3CH2 – CH (CH3)2 [1]
(c) To which category of compounds does cyclohexane belong? [1]

(d) Name the type of hybridization in C (2) and C (3) in the following molecule [1]
(e) What are Arenes? [1]

(f) n-propylmagnesium bromide on hydrolysis gives propane. Is there any other Grignard reagent which [1]
also gives propane? If so, give its name, structure and equation for the reaction.
(g) How will you distinguish between acetylene and ethylene? [1]
32. The pH of milk, black coffee, tomato juice, lemon juice, and egg white are 6.8, 5.0, 4.2, 2.2 and 7.8 respectively. [5]
Calculate corresponding hydrogen ion concentration in each.
OR
A sample of pure PCl5 was introduced into an evacuated vessel at 473 K. After equilibrium was attained,
concentration of PCl5 was found to be 0.5 × 10-1 mol L-1. If value of Kc is 8.3 × 10-3, what are the concentrations
of PCl3 and Cl2 at equilibrium?
PCl5 (g) ⇌ PCl3 (g) + Cl2(g)
33. Answer: [5]

(a) i. What is the general molecular formula of saturated monohydric alcohols? [2.5]
ii. Write structural formulae for compounds named as- [2.5]
a. 1-Bromoheptane
b. 5-Bromoheptanoic acid
OR
i. Explain hyperconjugation effect. How does hyperconjugation effect explain the stability of [2.5]
alkenes?
ii. Draw the resonance structures of the following compounds: [2.5]
i.
ii. CH2 = CH — CH = CH2
iii. CH 2 = CH − C = O
|
Page 5 of 12
Solution
Section A
1.
(d) -187.6°F
Explanation: Substituting the given value for °C = (-122) in the following expression,
°F = [ 1.8 (°C) + 32 ],
= [ 1.8 × ( -122 ) + 32]
= [(-219.6) + 32]
= - 187.6
So , -122°C in Fahrenheit scale is - 187.6°F
2.
(b) 3d
Explanation: For n = 3 the possible values of l are l = 0, the s orbital
l = 1, the p orbital and l = 2, the d orbital
3.
(b) may be positive or negative.
Explanation: Standard molar enthalpy of formation of a compound from its elements can be +ve or –ve.
For example: C + O 2 (g) → C O2 (g); Δr H = 393.5 kJ mol-1
N2 (g) +
1
2
O2 (g) → N2 O(g); Δr H = +92 k J mol-1
4. (a) 14
Explanation: Here l = 3 means the subshell is f.
n = 4 means it is present in the 4th orbit. Finally, it is a 4f subshell.
The number of orbital in f sub shell = 2l + 1 = 2 × 3 + 1 = 7
Each orbital can accommodate 2 electrons = 7 × 2 = 14 electrons.
Therefore, the maximum number of electrons in a subshell with l = 3 and n = 4 (4f) is 14 electrons.
5. (a) 30.0 kJ
Explanation: Number of moles of CCl4 = 100
154
= 0.6493 moles.
Heat required for 0.6493 moles = 19.5kJ
19.5
⇒ Heat required for 1.00 moles = 0.6493
= 30.032kJ
6. (a) 1.3225 nm
Explanation: Radius of Bohr’s nth orbit for hydrogen atom is given by:
rn = (0.0529 nm) n2
For, n = 5
r5 = (0.0529 nm) 52 = 1.3225 nm
7. (a) reduction process

Explanation: CH2 = CH2 + H - H → H3C - CH3
(Addition of hydrogen)
Because of the addition of hydrogen, there occurs reduction of ethene.
8. (a) Chromatography
Explanation: Chromatography is associated with the stationary phase and mobile phase.
9. (a) Ethyne
Explanation: Ethylidene chloride is 1,1 - dichloroethane having the structural formula,
Page 6 of 12
Ethylidene chloride, when treated with alcoholic KOH forms ethyne.
The reaction takes place in two steps giving vinyl chloride in the first step, which further undergoes an elimination reaction
to form ethyne. as shown below,
C H3 C HC l2 −−−−−−−−→ C H2 = C HC l −−−−−−→ HC = C H
(Ethylidene chloride) alcoholicKOH (V inylChloride) (Ethyne)
KOH(alc.)
10.
(c) 1.71, 1.40, 1.36
Explanation: Order of size = N3- > O2- > F-
Z 7 8 9
=
e 10 10 10
11.
(c) The boundaries prevent the flow of matter into or out of it.
Explanation: In a closed system, there is no flow of matter from system to surrounding or vice versa. For example, a certain
quantity of fluid bounded within a closed cylinder constitutes a closed system.
12. (a) infinite
Explanation: Conformational isomers are obtained by rotation about a carbon-carbon single bond. This results in an infinite
number of momentary arrangements of atoms in space. Hence for ethane infinite number of conformations are possible.
13.
(c) A is true but R is false.
Explanation: Metamers differ in the nature of alkyl groups attached to the same functional group.
e.g. CH3-O-C3H7 (Methyl propyl ether ), C2H5-O-C2H5 (Diethyl ether)
14.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: Halogens deactivate benzene ring for further substitution due to inductive effect of halide groups. The negative
inductive effect of F in halogens being maximum and thus deactivating nature in halogens is maximum for F. Thus nitration of
C6H5F shows poor yield.
15.
(d) If both Assertion and Reason are false statements.
Explanation: No transition can take place between 2p x
→ 2py as 2px to 2py are degenerate orbitals.
16. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: Both SO2 and CH4 represent 0.5 g mole have a same number of molecules.
Section B
17. A 2
X3 → 2A
3+
+ 3X
2−
2 3
3+ 2− −23
Ksp = [ A ] [X ] = 1.1 × 10
If S = solubility of A2X3, then

3+ 2
[A ] = 2S; [ X ] = 3S
therefore, Ksp = (2S)2(3S)3 = 108S5
= 1.1 × 10–23
thus, S5 = 1 × 10–25
S = 1.0 × 10–5 mol/L
18. According to the question, electron gain enthalpy of bromine is 3.36 eV.
Given weight 8
Number of moles of Br = Molecular weight
=
80
= 0.1mol
Therefore, required energy = 0.1 × 3.36 × 23.06 = 7.748 kcal.
Page 7 of 12
19. As shown in figure, the masses of H and O which combine with the fixed mass of S, i.e. 32 parts are 2 and 32 i.e. they are in the
ratio 2 : 32 or 1 : 16. When H and O combine directly to form H2O, the ratio of their combining , masses are 2:16 or 1 : 8.
These ratio are related to each other as 1
16
: 1
8
=1:2
i.e. they are simple multiple of each other.
20. Pent-1-ene
CH2 = CH − CH2 − CH2 − CH3
Pent-2-ene
CH3 − CH = CH − CH2 − CH3
2-Methylbut-2-ene
C H3 − C = C H − C H3
|
CH
5
3-Methylbut-2-ene
CH3 - C H - CH = CH2
|
CH3
2-Methylbut-ene
CH2 = C − CH2 − CH3
|
CH
3
OR
During monochlorination of 2-methylpropane, 2-methylpropane gives two types of radicals:
Radical (II) is less stable because it is 1° and stabilised by one hyper conjugative structure (as it has only 1 α -hydrogen).
Radical (I) is more stable because it is 3° and stabilised by nine hyper conjugative structures (as it has 9 α -hydrogens).
Hence, Radical (I)is more stable.
21. Let the volume of nucleus = V = πr , the mass of the nucleus = M.
4
3
3
Also, r = r∘ A 3 ⇒ r
3 3
= r∘ A
Mass (M)
Now, Density(ρ ) = = 4
M
= 4
M
3
.
V olume (V ) 3
πr π r∘ A
3 3
Since, M, r and A for the given nucleus is constant . Therefore The density of nucleus is constant, independent of the element
∘
under consideration.
Section C
22. Atoms and their ions Atomic number Electronic configuration No. of valence electrons Lewis symbol
⋅⋅
S 16 2, 8, 6 6 : S :
⋅⋅
S2- 16 + 2 = 18 2, 8, 8 8 2−
[: S : ]
⋅⋅
⋅
Al 13 2, 8, 3 3 ⋅ A l⋅
Al3+ 13 - 3 = 10 2, 8 8 [Al]3+
H 1 1 1 H⋅
H- 1+1=2 2 2 H⋅
23. Answer:
(i) We have q = -w = pex (8) = 8 litre-atm
(ii) Entropy is a measure of randomness of a system. The measure of the level of disorder in a closed but changing system, a
system in which energy can only be transferred in one direction from an ordered state to a disordered state. Higher the
entropy, higher the disorder and lower the availability of the system's energy to do useful work.
(iii)According to the question, Standard Gibbs energy of formation of NO(g) is 86.7 kJ mol-1.
As the standard Gibbs energy of formation is +ve, the reaction is non-spontaneous.
Hence, N2 and O2 do not combine to form NO.
Page 8 of 12
24. The change take place as follows:
Step - 1: 1 mol H2O (1, 100°C) ⟶ 1 mol (1, 0°C) Enthalpy change ΔH1
Step - 2: 1 mol H2O (1, 0°C) ⟶ 1 mol H2O( S, 0°C) Enthalpy change ΔH2
Total enthalpy change will be -
ΔH = ΔH1 + ΔH2
Δ H1 = - (18 × 4.2 × 100) J mol-1
= - 7560 J mol-1 = - 7.56 k J mol-1

Δ H2 = - 6.00 kJ mol-1
Therefore,
Δ H = - 7.56 kJ mol-1 + (-6.00 kJ mol-1)
= -13.56 kJ mol-1
There is negligible change in the volume during the change form liquid to solid state.
Therefore, pΔv = Δng RT = 0
Δ H = ΔU = - 13.56kJ mol-1
+2 +2
25. a. 2PbO +4HCl → 2Pb Cl +2H O 2 2
In reaction (a), the oxidation number of none of the atoms undergoes a change. Therefore, it is not a redox reaction. It is an
acid-base reaction because PbO is a basic oxide that reacts with HCl acid.
+4 +2 0
b. Pb O 2
+4HCl → Pb Cl2 + Cl 2 +2H2 O
The reaction (b) is a redox reaction in which PbO2 gets reduced and acts as an oxidizing agent.
26. λ = 800 pm = 800 × 10-12m = 8 × 10-10

m = 1.675 × 10-27
−34 2 −1
(6.626× 10 kgm s )
v= h
mλ
= −27 −10
(1.675× 10 kg)(8× 10 m)
3
6.626 −34+37 −1 6.626×10 −1
× 10 ms = ms
1.675×8 1.675×8
= 0.494 × 103 ms-1 =494 ms-1

27. Atomic radius increases down the group and decreases across the period. This is due to the continuous increase in the number of
electronic shells or orbit numbers in the structure of atoms of the elements down the group.
From left to right across a period atomic radii generally decrease due to an increase in effective nuclear charge.
28. i. Weight of sugar syrup = 214.2 g
Weight of sugar in syrup = 34.2 g
weight of water in syrup = 214.2 - 34.2 = 180.0 g
Moles of sugar = = 0.1 (Molar mass = 342)
34.2
342
Molality = 0.1
180
× 1000 = 0.56 m
ii. Moles of sugar = 34.2
342
= 0.1
Moles of water = 180
18
= 10
Mole fraction of sugar = 0.1
10+0.1
= 0.0099
Section D
29. i. In column chromatography adsorbent is silica gel or alumina while in paper chromatography adsorbent is cellulose.
ii. In paper chromatography the spots of the separated colourless components may be observed either under ultra-violet light or
by the use of an appropriate spraying agent.
iii. Partition chromatography is based on continuous differential partitioning of components of a mixture between stationary and
mobile phases as doner in paper chromatography.
OR
Column chromatography.
30. i. Hybrid orbitals are formed after combining atomic orbitals and have the equivalent shape and energy in the given set of
hybridised orbitals.
ii. XeF2 molecule has the same shape as N O ion. +
Page 9 of 12
iii. XeF4 molecule doesn't have the same type of hybridisation as P(Phosphorus) has in PF5.
OR
Unsaturated hydrocarbon molecules include two- or three-fold bonds of carbon. The π -bond is a multiple bond, which
becomes unstable and hence adds across numerous bonds.
Section E
31. Attempt any five of the following:
(i) Conversion of methane into ethane:
Step 1:
Step 2:
(ii) The IUPAC name of given compound is:
(iii)Cyclohexane belongs to saturated alicyclic hydrocarbons.

(iv)At, C(2) two σ and two π - bonds are present. Therefore, C(2) is sp-hybridized and at C(3) three σ and one π -bond are
present. Therefore, (C3) is sp2 hybridized.

(v) Arenes are aromatic hydrocarbons
(vi)Iso-propylmagnesium bromide, (CH3)2CHMgBr,
(CH3)2CHMgBr + H2O ⟶ CH3CH2CH3 + Mg(OH)Br
(vii)Acetylene forms precipitate with ammoniacal silver nitrate solution, ethylene does not react with these reagents.
32. We can calculate the hydrogen ion concentration by applying the formula, pH = –log [H+]
i. pH of milk = 6.8
Since, pH = –log [H+]
⇒ 6.8 = –log [H+]
⇒ log [H+] = –6.8
By taking antilog of both the sides, we get
⇒ [H+] = antilog (–6.8)
⇒ [H+]= 1.5× 19–7 M
ii. pH of black coffee = 5.0
⇒ 5.0 = –log [H+]
⇒ log [H+] = –5.0
By taking antilog of both the sides, we get
⇒ [H+] = antilog (–5.0)
⇒ [H+] = 10-5 M
iii. pH of tomato juice = 4.2
⇒ 4.2 = –log [H+]
⇒ log [H+] = –4.2
By taking the antilog of both the sides, we get
Page 10 of 12
⇒ [H+] = antilog (–4.2)
⇒ [H+]= 6.31× 10-5 M
iv. pH of lemon juice = 2.2
⇒ 2.2 = –log [H+]
⇒ log [H+] = –2.2

⇒ [H+] = antilog (–2.2)
⇒ [H+]= 6.31× 10-3 M
v. pH of egg white = 7.8
⇒ 7.8 = –log [H+]
⇒ log [H+] = –7.8
⇒ [H+] = antilog (–7.8)
⇒ [H+]=1.58× 10-8 M
OR
Let the initial molar concentration of PCl5 per litre = x mol
Molar concentration of PCl5 at equilibrium = 0.05 mol
Moles of PCl5 decomposed = (x - 0.05) mol
Moles of PCl3 formed = (x - 0.05) mol
Moles of Cl2 formed = (x - 0.05) mol
The molar concentration./ litre of reactants and products before the reaction and at the equilibrium point are:
Applying Law of chemical equilibrium,

[P C l3 ][C l2 ] (x−0.05)×(x−0.05)
Kc = 0.0083 =
[P C l5 ] 0.05
2 −4
(x − 0.05) = 0.0083 × 0.05 = 4.15 × 10
−4 1/2 −2
(x − 0.05) = (4.15 × 10 ) = 2.037 × 10 = 0.02 moles
x = 0.05 + 0.02 = 0.07 mol

The molar concentration of PCl3 at equilibrium. = x - 0.05 = 0.07 - 0.05 = 0.02 mol
The molar concentration of Cl2 at equilibrium. = x - 0.05 = 0.07 - 0.05 = 0.02 mol
33. Answer:
(i) i. Monohydric alcohols are the compounds derived from an alkane by replacing one H by - OH group.
Example:
replacing H with OH
CH4 −−−−−−−−−−−−→ CH3 − OH

Methane Methanol
Therefore, the general molecular formula of saturated monohydric alcohols is CnH2n+1OH.

ii. i. Structural formula of 1-Bromoheptane:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2Br
ii. Structural formula of 5-Bromoheptanoic acid:
CH3-CH2-CH(Br)-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH
OR
i. Hyperconjugation: The relative stability of various classes of carbonium ions may be explained by the number of
no-bond resonance structures that can be written for them. Such structures are arrived by shifting the bonding
electrons from an adjacent C - H bond to the electron - deficient carbon. In this way, the positive charge originally on
Page 11 of 12
carbon is dispersed to the hydrogen. This manner of electron release by assuming no-bond character in the adjacent
C - H bond is called Hyper conjugation or No-bond Resonance. The greater the hyperconjugation, the greater will be
the stability of the compound. The increasing order of stability can be shown as:
ii. Resonance structure of the given compounds are as follows:

i. CH 2 = CH − Cl↔
+
CH2 − CH = Cl
+
ii. CH2 = CH − CH = CH2 ↔

+ −
CH2 − CH = CH ⋅ CH2 ↔ CH2 − CH = CH ⋅ CH2
+
iii. CH2 = CH ⋅ CHO ↔

+
CH2 ⋅ CH = CHO
-
Page 12 of 12
Subject - Chemistry

Section A
1. The number of moles of solute present in 1 kg of a solvent is called________. [1]
a) Molarity (M) b) ppm
c) Normality( N ) d) Molality (m)

2. Photoelectric effect established that light [1]
a) behaves like particles b) behaves like magnetic fields
c) behaves like waves d) behaves like rays
3. Calculate the enthalpy change on freezing of 1.0 mol of water at 10.0°C to the ice at -10.0o C. Δ
fus H = 6.03 kJ [1]
mol
−1
at 0°C.
a. CP[H2O(l)] = 75.3 Jmol-1K-1
b. CP[H2O(s)] = 36.8 Jmol-1K-1
a) ΔH = -5.231 kJmol-1 b) H = -7.151 kJ mol-1

Δ
c) ΔH = -6.114kJmol-1 d) H = - 7.415kJ mol-1

Δ
4. Find the energy of the photons which correspond to light of frequency 3 × 1015 Hz (Hint: h = Planck’s constant [1]
= 6.626 × 10-34 Js)?
a) 2.988 × 10-18 J b) 0.988 × 10-18 J
c) 1.308 × 10-18 J d) 1.988 × 10-18 J
5. What will be the value of logarithm of equilibrium constant Kp if the standard free energy change of a reaction is [1]
Page 1 of 14
ΔG
o
= -115 kJ at 298 K will be
a) 13.83 b) 2.015
c) 20.15 d) 2.303
6. Lines in the hydrogen spectrum which appear in the infrared region of the electromagnetic Spectrum, then they [1]
are called as
a) Balmer series b) Hydrogen line series
c) Hydrogen series d) Paschen series

7. Dalda is prepared from oils by________. [1]
a) hydrolysis b) reduction
c) distillation d) oxidation
8. Which solution is used for the separation of a mixture of phenol and aromatic carboxylic acid? [1]
a) Na2CO3 b) NaHCO3
c) NaOH d) CaO
9. An aqeous solution of compound A gives ethane on electrolysis. The compound A is ........? [1]
a) Sodium propionate b) Sodium acetate
c) Sodium ethoxide d) Ethyl acetate

10. The elements charecterised by the filling of 4 f-orbitals, are: [1]
a) Alkali metals b) Alkaline earth metals
c) Lanthanoids d) Transition elements
11. Given N2(g) + 3H2(g) → NH3(g); Δ H° = -92.4 kJ mol-1. What is the standard enthalpy of formation of NH3
r
[1]
gas?
a) -41.3 kJ mol-1 b) -46.2 kJ mol-1
c) -56.5 kJ mol-1 d) -36.9 kJ mol-1
12. In the following sequence of reactions, the alkene is converted to compound B [1]
O3 H2 O,Zn
C H3 CH = CHC H3 → A → B
The compound B--------- is?
a) CH 3 C H2 CHO b) C H3 CHO
c) CH 3 COC H3 d) C H3 C H2 COC H3
13. Assertion (A): Components of a mixture of red and blue inks can be separated by distributing the components [1]
between stationary and mobile phases in paper chromatography.
Reason (R): The coloured components of inks migrate at different rates because paper selectively retains
different components according to the difference in their partition between the two phases.
Page 2 of 14
14. Assertion (A): Trans-2-butene on reaction with Br2 gives a meso-2,3-dibromobutane. [1]
Reason (R): The reaction involves the syn-addition of bromine.

15. Assertion (A): In the dissociation of PCl5 at constantp ressure and temperature, addition of helium at [1]
equilibrium increases the dissociation of PCl5.

Reason (R): Helium reacts with Cl2 and hence shifts the equilibrium in forward direction.

16. Assertion (A): In 285cm there are 3 significant figures. [1]
Reason (R): Zero preceding to first non-zero digit are not significant.

Section B
17. Classify the following species into Lewis acids and Lewis bases and show how these act as Lewis acid/base: [2]
a. OH-
b. F-
c. H+
d. BCl3
18. How does the reactivity of non–metals changes in a period and group? [2]
19. Calculate: Mass of 2.5 gram atoms of magnesium, [2]
20. Complete the following reactions: [2]
alc. KOH HBr
i. Isopropyl bromide −−−−−→ A −−−−−→ B

Heat Peroxide
Conc. H2 S O4 O2 , Ag
ii. n-Propyl alcohol −−−−−−−→ A −−−−→ B

443 K Heat
OR
Define resonance energy. What is resonance energy of benzene?
21. The uncertainty in the position of a moving bullet of mass 10 g is Δx mΔv= h
4π
. Calculate the uncertainty in its [2]
velocity?
Section C
22. Explain the structure of the CO2 molecule. [3]
23. Answer: [3]
(a) At 298 K, Kp for the reaction N 2 O4 (g) ⇌ 2NO2 (g) is 0.98. Predict whether the reaction is [1]
spontaneous or not.
(b) Define specific heat. [1]
Page 3 of 14
(c) State Hess's law. [1]
24. Give the relationship between ΔU and ΔH for gases. [3]
25. Justify that the following reactions are redox reactions: [3]
i. CuO + H2(g) ⟶ Cu(s) + H2O(g)
ii. Fe2O3(s) + 3CO(g) ⟶ 2Fe(s) + 3CO2(g)
iii. 4BCl3(g) + 3LiAlH4(s) ⟶ 2B2H6(g) + 3LiCl(s) + 3 AlCl3(s)
26. A photon of wavelength 4 × 10-7 m strikes on the metal surface, the work function of metal being 2.13 eV. [3]
Calculate
i. the energy of the photon (eV),
ii. the kinetic energy of emission,
iii. the velocity of the photoelectron. (1 eV = 1.6020 × 10-19 J).

27. How would you explain the fact that the first ionization enthalpy of sodium is lower than that of magnesium but [3]
its second ionization enthalpy is higher than that of magnesium?
28. Describe what you need to do in the laboratory to test [3]
i. the law of conservation of mass,
ii. the law of definite proportion
iii. the law of multiple proportions.
Section D
Once an organic compound is extracted from a natural source or synthesised in the laboratory, it is essential to
purify it. Various methods used for the purification of organic compounds are based on the nature of the
compound and the impurity present in it. Finally, the purity of a compound is ascertained by determining its
melting or boiling point. This is one of the most commonly used techniques for the purification of solid organic
compounds. In crystallisation Impurities, which impart colour to the solution are removed by adsorbing over
activated charcoal. In distillation Liquids having different boiling points vaporise at different temperatures. The
vapours are cooled and the liquids so formed are collected separately. Steam Distillation is applied to separate
substances which are steam volatile and are immiscible with water. Distillation under reduced pressure: This
method is used to purify liquids having very high boiling points.
i. Which method can be used to separate two compounds with different solubilities in a solvent?
ii. Distillation method is used to separate which type of substance?
iii. Which technique is used to separate aniline from aniline water mixture?
OR
Why chloroform and aniline are easily separated by the technique of distillation?
Covalent molecules formed by heteroatoms bound to have some ionic character. The ionic character is due to
shifting of the electron pair towards A or B in the molecule AB. Hence, atoms acquire small and equal charge
but opposite in sign. Such a bond which has some ionic character is described as a polar covalent bond. Polar
covalent molecules can exhibit a dipole moment. The dipole moment is equal to the product of charge
separation, q and the bond length, d for the bond. The unit of dipole moment is Debye. One Debye is equal to
10-18 esu cm.

The dipole moment is a vector quantity. It has both magnitude and direction. Hence, the dipole moment of
Page 4 of 14
molecules depends upon the relative orientation of the bond dipole, but not the polarity of bonds alone. The
symmetrical structure shows a zero dipole moment. Thus, a dipole moment help to predict the geometry of the
molecules. Dipole moment values can be used to distinguish between cis- and trans-isomers; ortho-, meta- and
para-forms of a substance, etc. The percentage of ionic character of a bond can be calculated by the application
of the following formula:
Experimental value dipole moment
% ionic character = Theoretical value of dipole moment
× 100
i. Out of and which compounds have zero dipole moments? (1)
ii. A diatomic molecule has a dipole moment of 1.2D. If the bond length is 1.0 × 10-8cm, what fraction of
charge does exist on each atom? (1)
iii. The dipole moment of NF3 is very much less that of NH3. Why? (2)
OR
A covalent molecule, x-y, is found to have a dipole moment of 1.5 × 10-29 cm and a bond length 150 pm.
What will be the percentage of ionic character of the bond? (2)
Section E
(a) What is hydrogenation? [1]
(b) Why do the C—C bonds rather than C—H bonds break during cracking of alkanes? [1]
(c) Which conformation of ethane is more stable? [1]
(d) What happens when 2-bromobutane is being treated with KOH (alcoholic)? [1]
(e) Identify the structure of A and B; [1]
′
KOH Kolbe s electrolysis
CH3 − CH2 COOH −−−→ A−−−−−−−−−−→ B

′
KOH Kolbe s electrolysis
− +
CH3 − CH2 COOH −−−→ CH3 C H2 COO K −−−−−−−−−−→ C H3 C H2 C H2 C H3
A B
(f) How will you separate propene from propyne? [1]

(g) Why is t-butyl bromide more reactive towards SN1 reaction as compared to n-butyl bromide? [1]
32. On the basis of Le Chatelier principle explain how temperature and pressure can be adjusted to increase the yield [5]
of ammonia in the following reaction:
N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌2NH3(g)
ΔH = -92.38 kJmol-1
What will be the effect of the addition of argon to the above reaction mixture at constant volume?
OR
Determine the degree of ionization and pH of a 0.05M of ammonia solution. The ionization constant of ammonia can
be taken from table given below.
Base Kb
Dimethylamine, (CH3)2NH 5.4 × 10–4
Triethylamine, (C2H5)3N 6.45 × 10–5
Ammonia, NH3 or NH4OH 1.77 × 10–5
Page 5 of 14
Quinine, (A plant product) 1.10 × 10–6
Pyridine, C5H5N 1.77 × 10–9
Aniline, C6H5NH2 4.27 × 10–10
Urea, CO (NH2)2 1.3 × 10–14
Also, calculate the ionization constant of the conjugate acid of ammonia.

33. Answer: [5]
(a) i. An organic liquid decomposes below its boiling point. How will you purify it? [2.5]
ii. Name three types of chromatography? [2.5]
OR
i. What is the relationship between the members of following pairs of structures? Are they [2.5]
structural or geometrical isomers or resonance contributors?
i.
ii.
OH
+ OH
|| |
iii. H - C - OH H - C
+
- OH
ii. A sample of 0.50 g of an organic compound was treated according to Kjeldahl's method. The [2.5]
ammonia evolved was absorbed in 50 mL of 0.5 M H2SO4. The residual acid required 60
mL of 0.5 M solution of NaOH for neutralisation. Find the percentage composition of

nitrogen in the compound.
Page 6 of 14
Solution
Section A
1.
(d) Molality (m)
Explanation: Molality is defined as no. of moles of solute present per kg of solvent. It is denoted as " m ". Mathematically,
Molality (m) = [number of moles of the solute] / kg of solvent
Since this mode of expressing the strength of a solution involves (weight/weight) relationship of solute and solvent, the
molality of the solution is not affected by variation in temperatures of the solution.
2. (a) behaves like particles
Explanation: The emission of free electrons from a metal surface when light is shone on it is called the photoemission or the
photoelectric effect. This effect led to the conclusion that light is made up of packets or quantum of energy. Einstein already
associated the light quantum with momentum. This strongly supported the particle nature of light and these particles were
named photons. Thus, the wave-particle duality of light came into the picture. Einstein won the Nobel Prize for Physics not for
his work on relativity, but for explaining the photoelectric effect.
3.
(b) ΔH = -7.151 kJ mol-1
Explanation: Water (10.0oC) → ice (-10.0oC) ΔH =?
The enthalpy change for the conversion of 1 mole liquid water at 10.0oC into 1 mole liquid water 0oC, water (10.0o C)
⇌ water(0o C).
△H1 = Cp × H2 O(l) × △T = -75.3 Jmol-1 K-1 = -753 J mol-1
Enthalpy of fusion, water (0o C) ⇌ ice(0o C) , ΔH 2 = Δf us H
l△H2 = △Hf reezing = −△Hf usion = -6.06 kJ mol-1

Enthalpy change for conversion of 1 mole of ice at 0oC to 1 mole of ice at 10oC, Ice (0o C) ⇌ ice(10.0o C);
ΔH3 = Cp [H2 O(s)]ΔT = -36.8 Jmol-1K-1 x 10K =-368 J mol-1
ΔH = ΔH1 + ΔH2 + ΔH3 = - (0.753 + 6.03 + 0.368)kJ mol-1 = -7.151 kJmol-1
4.
(d) 1.988 × 10-18 J
Explanation: We know Planck's equation is
E = hv
where E is energy, h is Planck’s constant and v is frequency.
E = 6.626 × 10-34 × 3 × 1015 = 1.988 × 10-18 J
5.
(c) 20.15
Explanation: ΔG = -115 × 103 J
o
T = 298 K, R = 8.314 JK-1 mol-1

-ΔG = 2.303 RT log10 Kp
o
-(-115 × 103) = 2.303 × 8.314 × 298 log10 Kp

115000
log10 Kp = 2.303×8.314×298
= 20.15
6.
(d) Paschen series
Explanation: The Lyman series lies in the ultraviolet, whereas the Paschen, Brackett, and Pfund series lies in the infrared.
7.
(b) reduction
Page 7 of 14
Explanation: Oils are esters of unsaturated fatty acids whereas Dalda is an ester of saturated fatty acids. The former is
converted into the latter by catalytic hydrogenation i.e., reduction.
8.
(b) NaHCO3
Explanation: NaHCO3 solution is used for the separation of a mixture of phenol and aromatic carboxylic acid.
9.
(b) Sodium acetate
Explanation:
This is an example of Kolbe's electrolysis method. The reaction is:
electrolysis
2C H3 C OON a + 2H2 O ⟶ C H3 . C H3 + 2N aOH + H2 + 2C O2
The step-wise redox reactions occuring in the electrolytic cell are depicted as under
2H- → H2
10.
(c) Lanthanoids
Explanation: The two rows of elements at the bottom of the Periodic Table, called the Lanthanoids, Ce(Z = 58) – Lu(Z = 71)
and Actinoids, Th(Z = 90) – Lr (Z = 103) are characterized by the outer electronic configuration (n-2)f1-14 (n-1)d0-1ns2. The
last electron added to each element is filled in f- orbital. These two series of elements are hence called the Inner-Transition
Elements (f-Block Elements).
11.
(b) -46.2 kJ mol-1
Explanation: Given, N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g) ; Δ H° = –92.4 kJ mol-1.
r
Chemical reaction for the enthalpy of formation of NH3 (g) is as follows:

1 3
N2 (g) + H2 (g) → N H3 (g)
2 2
−92.4
Therefore, Δ f H
∘
=
2
= - 46.2 kJ/mol
12.
(b) CH CHO
3
Explanation: The given sequence of conversion steps represent Ozonolysis of 2-Butene, which follows the following path,
i. Formation of an unstable intermediate/ozonide(A)
ii. Cleavage of the intermediate/ozonide by (Zn + H 2 O) to smaller molecules, giving out the compoundB, which is
CH3 CHO ( Ethanal )
The reaction is well depicted as below,
Page 8 of 14
Explanation: In paper chromatography, a special quality paper known as chromatography paper is used. Chromatography
paper contains water trapped in it, which acts as the stationary phase. A strip of chromatography paper spotted at the base with
the solution of the mixture is suspended in a suitable solvent or a mixture of solvents. This solvent acts as the mobile phase.
The solvent rises up the paper by capillary action and flows over the spot. The paper selectively retains different components
according to their differing partition in the two phases. The paper strip so developed is known as a chromatogram. The spots of
the separated coloured compounds are visible at different heights from the position of the initial spot on the chromatogram.
14.
Explanation: With trans-2-butene, the product of Br2 addition is optically inactive due to the formation of symmetric meso
compounds.
15.
Explanation: Equilibrium shift in backword direction.
16.
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
Explanation: All non-zero digits are significant. For example, in 285 cm, there are three significant figures and in 0.25 mL,
there are two significant figures.
Section B
17. a. Hydroxyl ion (OH-) acts as a Lewis base as it can donate an electron lone pair.
b. Fluoride ion (F-) acts as a Lewis base as it can donate any one of its four electron lone pairs.
c. A proton (H+) acts as a Lewis acid as it can accept a lone pair of electrons from bases like hydroxyl ion and fluoride ion.
d. BCl3 acts as a Lewis acid as it can accept a lone pair of electrons from species like ammonia or amine molecules.
18. The reactivity of non – metals is measured in terms of its tendency to gain electrons to form an ion. The reactivity of non – metals
increases from left to right in a period because of increase in nuclear charge due to succesive addition of electron in same shell
whereas reactivity decreases in a group as we go down the group because of increase in atomic size and decrease in nuclear
charge. Therefore, the tendency to accept electrons decreases down the group.
19. Since one gram atom of Mg represents a quantity = Atomic mass of Mg (ie. 24 gms.)
1 gram atom of Mg = 24 g
2.5-gram atoms of Mg = 24 × 2.5 = 60 g
alc. KOH HBr
20. i. CH 3 CHCH3 −−−−−→ CH3 CH = CH2 −−−−−→ CH3 CH2 CH2 Br

| Heat (A) peroxide (B)
Br Propene 1−Bromopropene
cone H2 SO4 O2 , Ag
ii. CH3 CH2 CH2 OH −−−−−−→ CH3 CH = CH2 −−−−→

Heat (A) Heat
Propene
OR
Resonance energy is the difference in energy between actual structure of compound and most stable resonating structure. The
resonance energy of benzene is 150.325 j mol-1
Page 9 of 14
21. According to the uncertainty principle,
Δ x. m Δv = h
4π
or Δv = 4πmΔx
h
h = 6.625 × 10-34 kg m2s-1 m = 10 g = 10-2 K
−34 2 −1
x = 10-5 m; Δv = = 5.27 × 10-28 mv

(6.626× 10 kgm s )
Δ
−2 −5
4×3.143×(10 kg)×(10 m)
Section C
22. The experimentally determined carbon to oxygen bond length in CO2 is 115 pm. The lengths of a normal carbon to oxygen double
bond (C = O) and carbon to oxygen triple bond (C ≡ O) are 121 pm and 110 pm respectively. The carbon-oxygen bond lengths in
CO2 (115 pm) lie between the values for C = O and C≡ O. Obviously, a single Lewis structure cannot depict this position and it
becomes necessary to write more than one Lewis structures and to consider that the structure of CO2 is best described as a hybrid
of the canonical or resonance forms I, II and III.
23. Answer:
(i) Given, At 298 K, N O (g) ⇌ 2NO (g) .
2 4 2
We know that, Δ G = −2.303RT log K

r
∘
p
According to the question, Kp = 0.98.

As, Kp < 1, Δ rG
∘
will be positive. [∵ log (0.98) = −0.0087]
Hence, the reaction is non-spontaneous.

(ii) Specific heat: The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature by one degree Celsius (or one Kelvin) of one unit
mass of a substance is known as specific heat.
(iii)The change of enthalpy of a reaction remains same whether the reaction is carried out in one step or several steps.
ΔH = Δ H1 + ΔH2 + ΔH3--------
24. Let VA be the total volume of gaseous reactants,
VB be the total volume of gaseous product.
Let nA be the number of moles of the reactant,
nB be the number of moles of the product,
At constant pressure and temperature,
pVA = nA RT ,
pVB = nB RT
⇒ pVB - pVA = (nB - nA) RT

⇒ p ΔV = (Δn) g RT
Here, (Δn) = n
g B − nA is equal to the difference between the number of moles of gaseous products and gaseous reactants.
We know that,
ΔH = ΔU + (Δn)g RT
Now, ΔH = qp(heat change under constant pressure),

Δ U = qv(heat change under constant volume).
Therefore, q p = qv + (Δn)g RT
25. The given equations for different reactions are :

+2−2 0 0 +1−2
i. CuO(s) + H(g) → C u(s) + H2 O (g)

2
As per above equation, it is noted that.

a. an atom of oxygen (O) is removed from CuO,
∴ it is reduced to Cu, while
b. O is added to H2 to form H2O

∴ it is oxidized.
Further,
Oxidation number. of Cu decreases from +2 in CuO to 0 in Cu,
oxidation number of H increases from 0 in H2 to +1 in H2O.
∴ CuO is reduced to Cu but H2 is oxidized to H2O.
Thus, the reaction is a redox reaction.
Page 10 of 14
+ 3 -2 + 2 0 + 4
ii. Fe 2
O3 (s) + 3 CO (g) → 2 F e(s) + 3C O (g)
2
In the above equation for reaction, it is seen that

a. The oxidation number of Fe decreases from +3 in Fe2O3 to 0 in Fe, and
oxidation number of C increases from +2 in CO to +4 in CO2.
Further,
oxygen is removed from Fe2O3, and
added to CO to form CO2
therefore, Fe2O3 is reduced while CO is oxidized.
Thus, the given reaction is a redox reaction.
iii. Similarly, in the given equation ,
4B+3Cl-13(g) + 3Li+1 Al+3 H-14 (s) ⟶ 2 B-32 H-16 (g) + 3LI+1 Cl-1 (s) + 3 Al+3 Cl-13
Oxidation number of B decreases from +3 in BCl3 to -3 in B2H6
while,
oxidation number of H increases from -1 in LiAlH4 to +1 in B2H6.
Therefore, BCl3 is reduced and
LiAlH4 is oxidized.
Further, it is noted that,
H is added to B forming B2 H6 from BCl3 but is removed from LiAlH4,
therefore,
BCl3 is reduced while LiAlH4 is oxidised.
Thus,
the redox nature of above reaction is justfied.
26. i. The energy of the photon
−34 8 −1
= 4.97 × 10-19
(6.626× 10 Js)×(3× 10 ms )
Energy (E) = hc
λ
=
−7
(4× 10 m)
(4.97 × 10-19 J) = 3.1 eV

(1eV)
= −19
×
(1.602× 10 J)
ii. The kinetic energy of emission

Kinetic energy of emission = E - work function (i.e. kinetic energy of emitted electron)
= (3.1 - 2.13) = 0.97 eV
iii. Velocity of photoelectron
KE of emission = 1
2
mv2 = 0.97 eV
= 0.97 × 1.602 × 10-19 J = 0.97 × 1.602 × 10-19 kg m2 s-2
−19 2 −2
or v2 = = 0.34 × 1012 m2s-2

2×0.97×1.602× 10 (kgm s )
−31
(9.1× 10 kg)
or v = (0.34 × 1012 m2 s-2)1/2 = 0.583 × 106 ms-1 = 5.83 × 105 ms-1

27. Electronic configurations of Na and Mg are
Na = 1s22s22p63s1
Mg = 1s22s22p63s2
The 1st ionization enthalpy of magnesium is higher than that of Na due to higher nuclear charge and slightly smaller atomic radius
of Mg than Na.
Electronic configurations of Na and Mg after loosing 1 electron are
Na+ = 1s22s22p6
Mg+ = 1s22s22p63s1
After the loss of the first electron, Na+ formed has the electronic configuration of neon (2,8). The higher stability of the
completely filled noble gas configuration leads to very high second ionization enthalpy for sodium. On the other hand, Mg+
formed after losing the first electron still has one more electron in its outermost orbital. Therefore, the second ionization enthalpy
of magnesium is much smaller than that of sodium.
Page 11 of 14
28. i. In order to test the law of conservation of mass, a reaction would have to be carried out in which the mass of the reactants and
the mass of the products are weighed and shown to be the same.
ii. The law of definite proportions could be shown by demonstrating that no matter, how a compound is obtained, the reactants
remain at the same proportions by mass. This can be done by decomposing a compound and showing that the masses of the
elements present are always in the same whole number ratio.
iii. To test the law of multiple proportions, two different compounds made up of the same elements combining with that of the
elements in different samples would have to be in the small whole number ratio.
Section D
29. i. Fractional crystallizationis used to separate two compounds with different solubilities in a solvent.
ii. volatile liquids from nonvolatile impurities.
the liquids having sufficient difference in their boiling points.
iii. Aniline is separated from aniline water mixture by steam distillation as one of the substances in the mixture is water and the
other, a water insoluble substance.
OR
Chloroform and aniline are easily separated by the technique of distillation because chloroform and aniline have sufficient
difference in their boiling points.
30. i. Both the molecules have zero dipole moments since both and shows symmetrical structure.
−10
ii. Fraction of electronic charge = 1.2×10
−10
= 0.25
4.8×10
iii. Because of different direction of moment of N-H and N-F bonds.

OR
−29
1.5×10
% ionic character = −29
× 100 = 62.5
2.4×10
Section E
(i) Hydrogenation: Addition of hydrogen to alkenes and alkenes in the presence of finely divided catalysts like Pt, Pd or
Ni to form alkanes is known as hydrogenation.
Example:
(ii) Bond dissociation energy of C—C bonds is 348 kJ mol-1.
Bond dissociation energy of C—H bonds is 414 kJ mol-1.

Clearly, bond dissociation energy of C—C bonds is lower than bond dissociation energy of C—H bonds.
Therefore, during cracking of alkanes, C—C bonds break more easily than C—H bonds.
(iii)Staggered conformation of ethane is more stable.
Structure:
Page 12 of 14
(iv)When 2-bromobutane is treated with KOH(alcoholic), But-2-ene is formed.
(v) A → CH - CH COO- - K+;

3 2
B → CH 3 − C H2 − C H2 − C H3
Butane
(vi)We can separate, propene from propyne by passing the mixture through ammonical AgNO3 solution or ammoniacal
CuCl solution. Propyne reacts with ammonical AgNO3 due to presence of acidic terminal hydrogen while propene
passes over.
(vii)Due to higher stability of 3o / tertiary carbocation
32. We have N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g), ΔH= -92.38 kJ mol-1 .

Hence in accordance with Le Chatelier’s principle, raising the temperature will shift the equilibrium to the backward direction and
decreases the equilibrium concentration of ammonia. Similarly, an increase in pressure shifts the equilibrium in the forward
direction. In other words, low temperature and high pressure are favorable for high yield of ammonia. Hence for better yield of
ammonia, an optimum condition of temperature and pressure of 500oC and 200 atm respectively is used in the presence of
suitable catalysts.
There will be no change in equilibria on the addition of argon (Ar) at constant volume to the above mixture at equilibrium because
the addition of Ar at constant volume doesn't change the partial pressure of the substances involved in the reaction.
OR
The ionization of NH3 in water is represented by the equation:
NH3 + H2O NH + OH– +
We use equation (7.33) to calculate hydroxyl ion concentration,

[OH–] = c α = 0.05 α
Kb = 0.05 α 2 / (1 – α )
The value of α is small, therefore the quadratic equation can be simplified by neglecting α in comparison to 1 in the denominator
on right-hand side of the equation,
Thus,
Kb = c α 2 or α = √ (1.77 × 10–5 / 0.05)
= 0.018.
[OH–] = c α = 0.05 × 0.018 = 9.4 × 10–4 M.
[H+] = Kw / [OH–] = 10–14 / (9.4 × 10–4)
= 1.06 × 10–11
pH = –log(1.06 × 10–11) = 10.97.
Now, using the relation for conjugate acid-base pair,
Ka × Kb = Kw
using the value of Kb of NH3 from table.
We can determine the concentration of conjugate acid NH +
Ka = Kw / Kb = 10–14 / 1.77 × 10–5
= 5.64 × 10–10
33. Answer:
(i) i. By distillation under reduced pressure.
ii. Column chromatography, paper chromatography and thin layer chromatography.
OR
i. i. Structural isomers (actually position isomers as well as metamers)
ii. Geometrical isomers
iii. Resonance contributors because they differ in the position of electrons but not atoms
Page 13 of 14
ii. Volume of the acid taken = 50 mL of 0.5 M H2SO4
= 25 mL of 1.0 M H2SO4
Volume of alkali used for neutralisation of excess acid
= 60 mL of 0.5 M NaOH
= 30 mL of 1.0 M NaOH
H2SO4 + 2NaOH ⟶ Na2SO4 + 2H2O

1 mole of H2SO4 = 2 moles of NaOH
Hence, 30 mL of 1.0 M NaOH = 15 mL of 1.0 M H2SO4
∴ Volume of acid used by ammonia = 25-15 = 10 mL
1.4× N1 × vol. of acid used
% of nitrogen = w
(where, N1 = normally of acid and w = mass of the organic compound taken)

% of nitrogen = 1.4×2×10
0.5
= 56.0
Page 14 of 14
Subject - Chemistry

Section A
1. Which one of the following depends upon variations in temperature? [1]
a) Both Normality and Molarity b) Normality
c) Molarity d) Molality
2. According to quantum mechanics, |ψ| (r) the wave function squared gives:
2
[1]
a) probability of finding an electron b) probability density of finding an electron
c) probability density of finding a proton d) probability of finding a neutron

3. Which of the following always has a negative value? [1]
a) Heat of reaction b) Heat of solution
c) Heat of formation d) Heat of combustion

4. The electrons are ejected from the metal surface when the light of certain frequencies strikes the surface is called [1]
________.
a) Faraday’s cathode ray discharge model b) Thomson model for electron
c) Photoelectric effect d) Planck's quantum theory

5. Choose the correct answer. A thermodynamic state function is a quantity: [1]
a) used to determine pressure volume work. b) whose value depends on temperature only.
c) used to determine heat changes. d) whose value is independent of path.

6. Give the number of electrons in the species, O2 and O 2
+
. [1]
a) 32 and 16 b) 16 and 14
Page 1 of 12
c) 16 and 8 d) 16 and 15
7. In Ostwald’s process for the manufacture of nitric acid, the first step involves the oxidation of ammonia gas by [1]
oxygen gas to give nitric oxide gas and steam. What is the maximum weight of nitric oxide that can be obtained
starting only with 10.00 g of ammonia and 20.00 g of oxygen?
a) 15g of NO b) 20g of NO
c) 16g of NO d) 25g of NO
8. Which of the following is the correct IUPAC name of the given compound? [1]
a) 4, 4-Dimethyl-3-ethylheptane b) 4, 4-Bis(methyl)-3-ethylheptane
c) 3-Ethyl-4, 4-dimethylheptane d) 5-Ethyl-4, 4-dimethylheptane

9. Acetylene is prepared by the action of water on: [1]
a) all of these b) CaC2
c) Silicon carbide d) Al4C3
10. The effective distance between the centre of the nucleus of an ion and the point up to which the nucleus has an [1]
influence on its electron cloud is called_____.
a) ionic radius b) cationic radius
c) covalent radius d) anionic radius
11. Enthalpies of formation of CO(g), CO2(g), N2O(g), and N2O4(g) are -110, –393, 81, and 9.7 kJ mol-1 [1]
respectively. Find the value of Δ rH for the reaction:N

2 O4 (g) + 3CO (g) → N2 O (g) + 3C O2 (g)
a) - 850 kJ b) -600 kJ
c) -778 kJ d) -802 kJ
12. Which of these is not a characteristic of Aromatic Hydrocarbons? [1]
a) Carbon atoms form a closed chain or ring. b) Carbon atoms form a an open chain.
c) They may contain double bonds. d) They are special type of cyclic compounds.
13. Assertion (A): Moving phase is liquid and stationary phase is solid in paper chromatography. [1]
Reason (R): Paper chromatography is used for analysis of polar organic compounds.

14. Assertion (A): Fluoride has the lowest and iodide has the highest boiling point. [1]
Reason (R): Boiling points of haloalkanes increases with increasing atomic mass.
Page 2 of 12
15. Assertion (A): In case of isoelectronic ions the ionic size increases with the increase in atomic number. [1]
Reason (R): The greater the attraction of nucleus, greater is the ionic radius.
c) A is true but R is false. d) Both A and R are false.

16. Assertion (A): The standard unit for expressing the mass of atoms is a.m.u. [1]
Reason (R): a.m.u. stands for mass of 1 atom of carbon.

Section B
17. Mention the general characteristics of equilibria involving physical processes. [2]
18. What would be IUPAC names and symbols for elements with atomic numbers 122, 127, 135, 149 and 150? [2]
19. Determine the molecular formula of an oxide of iron in which the mass per cent of iron and oxygen are 69.9 and [2]
30.1 respectively.
20. Explain why the system are not aromatic. [2]
OR
Suggest a route to prepare ethyl hydrogensulphate (CH3 - H2 - OSO2 - OH) starting from ethanol (C2H5OH).
21. Wavelengths of different radiations are given below: [2]

λ = (A) 300 nm
λ (B)= 300 μ m
λ (C)= 3 nm
o
λ (D) =30A
Arrange these radiations in the increasing order of their energies.
Section C
22. Predict the dipole moment of [3]
i. a molecule of the type AX2 having a linear geometry.
ii. a molecule of the type AX4 having tetrahedral geometry.
iii. a molecule of the type AX2 having angular geometry.

iv. a molecule of the type AX4 having square planar geometry.
23. Answer: [3]

(a) Define intensive properties. [1]
(b) One mole of acetone requires less heat to vaporise than 1 mole of water. Which of the two liquids has [1]
the higher enthalpy of vaporisation?
(c) Define standard enthalpy. [1]
24. 221.4J is needed to heat 30g of ethanol from 150C to 180C. Calculate (a) specific heat capacity, and (b) molar [3]
heat capacity of ethanol.

[3]
Page 3 of 12
25. Depict the galvanic cell in which the reaction Zn (s) + 2Ag+(aq) ⟶ Zn2+(aq) + 2Ag(s) takes place, Further
show:
i. which of the electrode is negatively charged,
ii. the carriers of the current in the cell, and
iii. individual reaction at each electrode.
26. The Balmer series in the hydrogen spectrum corresponds to the transition from n1 = 2 to n2= 3,4, ........ This [3]
series lies in the visible region. Calculate the wave number of line associated with the transition in Balmer series
when the electron moves to n= 4 orbit. (RH= 109677 cm–1)

27. Write characteristics of all seven periods of the periodic table. [3]
28. Calculate the amount of KCIO3 needed to supply sufficient oxygen for burning 112 L of CO gas at NTP. [3]
Section D
IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) system of nomenclature. Common names are
useful and in many cases indispensable, particularly when the alternative systematic names are lengthy and
complicated. A systematic name of an organic compound is generally derived by identifying the parent
hydrocarbon and the functional group(s) attached to it. By using prefixes and suffixes, the parent name can be
modified to obtain the actual name. In a branched-chain compound, small chains of carbon atoms are attached at
one or more carbon atoms of the parent chain. The small carbon chains (branches) are called alkyl groups. An
alkyl group is derived from a saturated hydrocarbon by removing a hydrogen atom from carbon. Abbreviations
are used for some alkyl groups. For example, methyl is abbreviated as Me, ethyl as Et, propyl as Pr and butyl as
Bu.
i. Draw the structure of 3-Ethyl-4,4-dimethylheptane. (1)
ii. How is the numbering in branched chain hydrocarbon done? (1)
iii. Derive the structure of 2-Chlorohexane. (2)
OR
Why CH4 after becoming-CH3 called a methyl group? (2)
The ionic character of metallic halides tends toward covalent nature as per Fajan's rule. Such covalent halides
behave as non-metal in their higher oxidation states. The property to hydrolyse to give oxy-acids of the element
and corresponding hydro halogen acid for most non-metallic elements proceeds exceptionally in the way,
keeping oxidation number of element and halide sam in oxo-acids.
Non-polar halides are immiscible in water, as they do not show hydrolysis, but halides of some elements with
empty d-orbital undergo hydrolysis. Stability of halides of the higher state is governed by the inert-pair effect.
i. How does halide undergo hydrolysis to give oxy-acids of underlined element PCl3? (1)
ii. Out of NCl3 and BCl3 undergoes hydrolysis to form oxy-acids? Write the chemical reaction for the correct
answer. (1)
iii. Out of PbCl4, PbF4, PbI4 and PbBr4 which one doesn't exist? (2)
OR
Non-Polar halides are immiscible in water. Why? (2)
Section E
Page 4 of 12
(a) What happens when benzene is treated with acetyl chloride in presence of AlCl3? [1]
(b) Write IUPAC name: CH 3 − CH = CH − C H2 − CH = CH − C H − C H2 − CH = C H2 [1]
|
C H
2 5
(c) Classify the hydrocarbons according to the carbon-carbon bond. [1]

(d) Arrange the following: HCl, HBr, Hl, HF in order of decreasing reactivity towards alkenes. [1]
(e) Why is CH2 = CH - CH2 - Cl more easily hydrolysed than CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - Cl? [1]
(f) Which of the two trans-but-2-ene or trans-pent-2-ene is non-polar? [1]

(g) What are benzenoids? [1]
32. K1 and K2 for dissociation of H2S are 4 × 10-3 and 1 × 10-5. Calculate sulphide ion concentration in 0.1 M H2S [5]
solution.
OR
Calculate the degree of ionization of 0.05 M acetic acid if its pKa value is 4.74. How is the degree of dissociation
affected when its solution also contains
a. 0.01 M
b. 0.1 M HCl?
33. Answer: [5]
(a) i. Which bond is more polar in the following pairs of molecules: [2.5]
a. H3C-H, H3C-Br
b. H3C-NH2, H3C-OH
c. H3C-OH, H3C-SH
ii. Explain the principle of paper chromatography. [2.5]

OR
i. Write the IUPAC names of the compounds (i)-(iv) from their structures [2.5]
i. C H 3
− C H2 − C H − C H2 − C H2 − C H − C H2 − C H3
| |
OH C H3
O O
|| ||
ii. C H 3 − C H2 − C − C H2 − C − C H3
||
iii. C H 3 − C − C H2 − C H2 − C H2 − C OOH
iv. CH ≡ C - CH = CH - CH ≡ CH2
ii. Draw the resonance structures of the following compounds: [2.5]
i.
ii. CH2 = CH — CH = CH2
iii. CH2
= CH − C = O
|
Page 5 of 12
Solution
Section A
1. (a) Both Normality and Molarity
Explanation: Since Molarity and Normality both the modes of expression to represent the strength of a solution are volume-
dependent, a variation in temperature of the solution results in a change in concentration or strength of the solution. It is due to
the thermal expansion of liquids.
2.
(b) probability density of finding an electron
Explanation: The probability density of finding an electron at a point within an atom, predicts the region around the nucleus
where the electron can most probably be found.
3.
(d) Heat of combustion
Explanation: Combustion is an exothermic process. Hence heat of combustion has a negative value.
4.
(c) Photoelectric effect
Explanation: Electrons are ejected from the metal when the light of a certain frequency strikes the surface of a metal, This
phenomenon is known as the photoelectric effect and the ejected electrons are called photoelectrons.
5.
(d) whose value is independent of path.
Explanation: A state function value depends only on the state of the system and is independent of path.
6.
(d) 16 and 15
Explanation: There are 8 protons in a single atom of oxygen and 8 neutrons. Thus, a molecule of oxygen (O2) would contain
16 of each. To gain + charge it must have to loose one electron. So number of electrons in O = 16-1=15.
+
2
7. (a) 15g of NO
Explanation: The reaction that takes place in ammonia and oxygen is given below:
4N H3 + 5O2 → 4N O + 6H2 O
68g 160g 120g
Limiting reagent
160g of oxygen reacts with 68g of ammonia
68×20
20g of oxygen reacts with 160
= 8.5g of ammonia
Therefore for 20g of oxygen 8.5g of ammonia is used. Therefore 1.5g ammonia is in excess and therefore oxygen is the
limiting reagent.
160 g of O2 produces = 120g of NO
Therefore, 20 g of O2 produces= 120×20
60
= 15 g of NO.
8.
(c) 3-Ethyl-4, 4-dimethylheptane
Explanation: In IUPAC name, functional groups are written in alphabetical order. Locant 3 is assigned to ethyl group and the
two methyl groups are present on C-4. The longest C chain has 7 C atoms so the IUPAC name is 3-ethyl-4,4-dimethylheptane.
9.
(b) CaC2
Explanation: The reaction of CaC2 (Calcium carbide) with water produces acetylene (C2H2).
The chemical equation for the reaction of calcium\ carbide (CaC2) with water to yield acetylene (HC ≡ C H ) is
C aC2 + H2 O → C aO + C2 H2
The calcium oxide (CaO) is formed as a byproduct, which simultaneously reacts with water to give Ca(OH)2
C aO + H2 O → C a(OH )2
Page 6 of 12
Thus, the overall reaction is,
C aC2 + 2H2 O → C2 H2 + C a(OH )2
10. (a) ionic radius

Explanation: Since 'Ionic radius' is defined as the effective distance from the centre of the nucleus of an ion up to which it has
an influence on its electron cloud. The correct answer is " ionic radius ".
The term Ionic radius is a general term used for both the cations as well as anions.
11.
(c) -778 kJ
Explanation: Heat of reaction, Δ H = ∑△ H
r − ∑r products △r Hreactants
⇒ Δ H = [Δ H (N2O) + 3Δ H (CO2)] - [Δ H (N2O4) + 3Δ

r f f f f H (CO)]
⇒ Δr H = [81 + {3 × (-393)}] - 99.7 + {3 × (-110)}] kJ
⇒ Δr H = -777.7 kJ ≈ -778 kJ
12.
(b) Carbon atoms form a an open chain.
Explanation: Aromatic hydrocarbon is not an open chain. They are ring structures. they contain one or more benzene rings
either fused or isolated in their molecules.
13.
Explanation: Paper chromatography is a liquid-liquid partition chromatography in which the water adsorbed or chemically
bond to cellulose of paper acts as the stationary phase while the mobile phase is another liquid which is usually a mixture of
two or three solvents in which water is one of the components.
Explanation: For a given halogen the boiling point rises with increasing atomic mass of the halogen, so that fluoride has the
lowest boiling point and iodide has the highest boiling point.
15.
(d) Both A and R are false.
Explanation: In case of isoelectronic ions, i.e., ions, having the same number of electrons and different nuclear charge, the size
decreases with increase in atomic number.
Ion At. No. No. of electrons Ionic radii
o
Na
+
11 10 0.95 A
o
Mg
2+
12 10 0.65 A
o
Al
3+
13 10 0.50 A
16.
Explanation: A is true but R is false.
Section B
17. The general characteristics involving physical equilibria are
a. Equilibrium is possible only in a closed system at a given temperature.
b. Both the opposing processes occur at the same rate and there is a dynamic but stable condition.
c. All measurable properties of the system remain constant.
d. The magnitude of such quantities at any stage indicates the extent to which the physical process has proceeded before reaching
equilibrium.
18. The roots 2, 7, 5, 9 and 0 are referred as bi, hept, pent, enn and nil respectively. Therefore, their names and symbol are
Z(Atomic number) Name Symbol
122 Unbibium Ubb
127 Unbiseptium Ubs
Page 7 of 12
135 Untripentium Utp
149 Unquadennium Uqe
150 Unpentnilium Upn

19. The mass per cent of iron (Fe) = 69.9 % ( given )
The mass per cent of oxygen (O) = 30.1%, ( given)
Number of moles of iron present in the oxide = [69.9 / 55.85]
Number of moles of oxygen present in the oxide = [30.1 / 16]
The ratio of iron to oxygen in the oxide, = 1.25 : 1.88
or, = (1.25 / 1.25) : (1.88 / 1.25)
= 1 : 1.5
So, a whole number ratio
=2:3
hence, the empirical formula of the oxide is Fe2O3
The empirical formula mass of Fe2O3 = 2 × 55.85 + 3 × 16.00
= 159.7 g mol-1
Molar mass
n= Empirical formula mass
n = 159.69 g / 159.7g = 0.9999

= 1 (approx.)
The molecular formula of a compound is obtained by multiplying the empirical formula with this positive integer (n)
Thus, as per the empirical formula (Fe2O3 ) of the given oxide,
n = 1.
Hence, the molecular formula is same as empirical formula, Fe2O3
The molecular formula of the oxide is Fe2 O3
20. For the given compound, the number of π -electrons is 8.
By Huckel’s rule,
⇒ 4n + 2 = 8
⇒ 4n = 6
⇒ n = 3/2
For a compound to be aromatic, the value of n must be an integer (n = 0, 1, 2…).
This is not true for the given compound as it is a fraction. Hence, it is not aromatic in nature.
OR
Ethanol when treated with sulphuric acid at around 140oC gives hydrogen sulphate. The reaction takes place as follows.
21. λ (A) = 300 nm = 300 × 10-9 m

λ (B)= 300 μ m = 300 × 10-6 m
λ (C)= 3 nm = 3 × 10-9 m
o
λ (D) =30A = 3 × 10-9 m

1
We know that, E ∝ λ
.
o
Since, increasing order of wavelength is given as, 300 μm < 300 nm < 3 nm < 30A
Therefore, λ(B) < (A) < λ(C ) = λ(D)
Section C
22. i. In AX2 molecule with a linear geometry, the individual bond moments of A-X bonds will cancel being equal in magnitude and
opposite in direction. This will cause the overall dipole moment of the molecule to be 0.
ii. In AX4 molecule having tetrahedral geometry, the individual dipole moments of A-X bonds will cancel out being equal in
magnitude and opposite in direction. This will cause the overall dipole moment of the molecule to be zero.
Page 8 of 12
iii. In AX2 molecule having angular geometry, the individual bond moments of A-X bonds will add up and thus the molecule will
have a net non-zero dipole moment.
iv. In AX4 molecule having square planar geometry the individual dipole moments of A-X bonds will cancel out being equal in
magnitude and opposite in direction. This will cause the overall dipole moment of the molecule to be zero.
23. Answer:
(i) Properties which depend on the nature of the substance and not on the amount of the substance are called intensive
properties.
(ii) Lesser the heat required to vaporise 1 mole of a liquid less is its enthalpy of vaporisation. Hence, water has a higher
enthalpy of vaporisation.
(iii)Standard enthalpy: The standard enthalpy of reaction is the enthalpy change for a reaction when all the participating
substances are in their standard states.
Standard conditions are denoted by adding the superscript ⊝ to the symbol ∆H, e.g., ∆H⊝
24. According to the question, 221.4 J is needed to heat 30 g of ethanol from 150C to 180C.
Heat absorbed by the substance
a. We know that, Specific heat capacity = C = Mass of the substance × Rise in temp.
221.4J
=
0 0
30g(18 C− 15 C)
221.4 −1 ∘ −1
= Jg C
30×3
= 2.46 Jg-1 oC-1

b. Molar heat capacity, Cm = specific heat × molar mass
= 2.46 × 46
= 113.2 Jmol-1 oC-1
The molar heat capacity of ethanol is 113.2 J mol-1 oC-1.
25. i. The given redox reaction is ,
Zn (s) 2Ag+ (aq) ⟶ Zn2+ (aq) + 2 Ag (s)
Since Zn (s) gets oxidized, to Zn2+ (aq) ions, and Ag+ (aq) ions gets reduced to Ag (s) metal, therefore, oxidation occurs at the
zinc electrode (acting as anode) and reduction occurs at the silver electrode (as cathode). Thus, the galvanic cell corresponding
to the above redox reaction is depicted as:
Zn(s) | Zn2+ (aq) || Ag+ (aq) | Ag(s)
ii. a. Since oxidation occurs at the zinc electrode, therefore, electrons accumulate on the zinc electrode,/ anode. Hence, zinc
electrode is negatively charged.
b. Electrons move from Zn anode to Ag cathode in the external circuit. Since the direction of current in the external circuit is
opposite to that of the electrons so,
The carriers of current are silver cathode and Zinc anode through an external circuit in a direction from silver cathode to
zinc anode.
c. The reactions occurring at the two electrodes are
At anode:
Zn (s) ⟶ zn2+ (aq) + 2e-
At cathode
Ag+ (aq) + e- ⟶ Ag (s)
26. From Rydberg formula,
; Where RH = 109677 cm-1

1 1
Wave number, v = R ¯
¯¯
H [
2
−
2
] cm
−1
n n
1 2
Here n1 =2, n2=4 (Transition in Balmer series)

¯
¯¯
v = 109677 [
1
2
−
1
2
] = 109677 [ 1
4
−
1
16
] = 20564.44 cm–1
2 4
27. First period is the shortest period of the periodic table. It contains 2 elements, 1H and 2He.
Second and third periods contain 8 elements each called short periods. The second period contain elements 3Li to 10Ne and 11Na
to 18Ar.
Fourth and fifth period contains 18 elements each namely 19K to 36Kr and 37Rb to 54Xe and are long periods.
Page 9 of 12
Sixth period contains 32 elements from 55Cs to 86Rn and is the longest period.
Seventh period is incomplete period. It has all other elements starting with 87Fr onwards. Elements from 93 onwards are purely
synthetic and are called trans–uranium elements and their properties have not been studied properly yet.
28. Burning of CO takes place in the presence of oxygen as represented by chemical equation:
1
CO + O2 → C O2
2
1mol 1mol
0.5mol
Now, 1 mol of CO require O2 = 0.5 mol

22.4 L of CO at NTP require O2 = 0.5 mol
0.5
Therefore, 112 L of CO at NTP will require O 2 =
22.4
× 112 = 2.5mol
This O2 is to be obtained by heating KCIO3.

2K C lO3 → 2K C l + 3O2
2mol 3mol
Molecular mass of KClO3 = 1 × K +1 × Cl + 3 × O = 39 + 35.5 + 3 × 16 =39 +35.5 +48 = 122.5.

1 mol of O2 is produced from = 2 mol of KClO3
1 mol of O2 is produced from = 2× 122.5 = 245 g of KClO3.
3 moles of O2 are produced from KClO 3 =
245×2.5
3
= 204.167g .
Section D
29. i.
ii. The numbering is done in such a way that the branched carbon atoms get the lowest possible numbers.
iii. ‘Hexane’ indicates the presence of 6 carbon atoms in the chain. The functional group chloro is present at carbon 2. Hence, the
structure of the compound is CH2CH2CH2CH2CH(Cl)CH3.
OR
CH4 after becoming-CH3 called a methyl group because an alkyl group is named by substituting ‘yl’ for ‘ane’ in the
corresponding alkane.
30. i. PCl3 + 3H2O → H3PO3 + 3HCl
ii. BCl3 undergoes hydrolysis to form oxy-acids. The chemical reaction is as follows:
BCl3 + 3H2O → H3BO3 + 3HCl
iii. PBI4 doesn't exist because Pb4+ is strong oxidant, where as I- is strong reductant.
OR
The non-polar halides are immiscible in water because it doesn't show hydrolysis but halides of some element with empty d-
orbital undergo hydrolysis.
Section E
(i) Acetophenone is formed.
(ii)
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
CH3 − CH = CH − CH2 − CH = CH − C H − CH2 − CH = CH2

|
C H
2 5
(iii)Hydrocarbons are categorized into three categories according to the carbon-carbon bond that exists between them:
a. Saturated hydrocarbon (In which carbon-carbon single bond are present)
b. Unsaturated hydrocarbon (In which carbon-carbon double and triple bonds are present)
c. Aromatic hydrocarbon (In which alternate single and double bond and (4n+2)π electrons are present)
(iv)HI > HBr > HCl > HF
(v) Carbocation formed gets stabilised due to resonance.
(vi)In trans-but-2-ene, the dipole moments of the two C—CH3 bonds are equal and opposite and therefore, they cancel out
each other.
Page 10 of 12
Hence, trans-2-butene is non-polar.
(vii)Benzenoids: Aromatic hydrocarbon compound containing benzene ring are known as benzenoids.
Examples for benzenoids are:
32. The first step of the dissociation of H2S is

⊕ ⊖
H2 S ⇌ H + HS
⊕ ⊖
= 4 × 10-3
[H ][HS ]
K1 =
[ H2 S]
∗
[H ] = C α, [ HS
⊖
] = Cα , [H2S] = C (1 - α )
4 × 10-3 =
2
Cα⋅Cα Cα
∴ =
C(1−α) (1−α)
4 × 10-3 =
2
0.1×α
(1−α)
(1 - α should not be neglected)
or α = 0.18,
∴ [ H ] = Cα = 0.1 0.18 = 0.018 M
⊕
] = Cα = 0.1 × 0.18 = 0.018 M

⊖
[ HS
[H2S] = C(1 - α ) = 0.1(1 -0.18) = 0.082 M

Now, HS further dissociates to H and S2-;
⊖ ⊕
C1 = [HS ] = 0.018 M
⊖
⊖ ⊕ 2
HS ⇌ H + S
1 0 0
(1 - α ) 1 α1 α1
∴ K2 = 1 × 10-5 = 0.018 and thus, dissociation of HS further suppresses due to common ion effect and 1 - α ≈ 1.
⊖
0.018×C1 α1
∴ 1 × 10-5 = = 0.018 × α 1
C1 (1− α1 )
= 5.55 × 10-4
−5
α1 = 1×10
0.018
[S2-] = C1α 1 = 0.018 × 5.55 × 10-4
= 0.099 × 10-4
OR
pKa = - log Ka = 4.74
¯
¯¯
or log Ka = -4.74 = 5.26 ∴ Ka = 1.82 × 10
−5
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
−−−−− −5 −2 −2
α = √Ka /C = √(1.82 × 10 )/(5 × 10 ) = 1.908 × 10
In presence of HCl, due to high concentration of H+ ion, dissociation equilibrium will shift backward, i.e. dissociation of acetic
acid will decrease.
a. In presence of 0.01 MHCl, if x is the amount dissociated, then
(0.01 M H+ ions are obtained from 0.01 M HCl)

x(0.01) −5
x Ka 1.82×10
∴ Ka =
0.05
or 0.05
=
0.01
=
−2
−3
= 1.82 × 10
10
Amount dissociate d
or α = 1.82 × 10 −3
(∵ α =
Amount taken
)
The degree of ionization is α = 1.82 × 10 −3
Page 11 of 12
b. In the presence of 0.1 M HCl, if y is the amount of acetic acid dissociated, then at equilibrium
[C H3 C OOH] = 0.05 − y ≃ 0.05M
[CH3COO-] = y, [H+] = 0.1M + y ≃ 0.1M

y(0.1) y K2 −5
Ka =
0.05
or 0.05
=
0.1
=
1.82×10
−1
= 1.82 × 10
−4
i.e.
10
−4
α = 1.82 × 10
The degree of ionization is α = 1.82 × 10 −4
33. Answer:
(i) i. a. CH3–Br, since Br is more electronegative than H
b. H3C–OH, since O is more electronegative than N.
c. H3C–OH, since O is more electronegative than S.
ii. This is the simplest form of chromatography. Here a strip of paper acts as an adsorbent. It is based on the principle
which is partly adsorption. The paper is made of cellulose fibres with molecules of water adsorbed on them. This
acts as stationary phase. The mobile phase is the mixture of the components to be identified prepared in a suitable
solvent.
OR
i. i. 6-methyl octan-3-ol,
ii. Hexane-2,4-dione,
iii. 5-oxohexanoic acid,
iv. Hexa-1, 3-dien-5-yne
ii. Resonance structure of the given compounds are as follows:

i. CH 2 = CH − Cl↔
+
CH2 − CH = Cl
+
ii. CH 2 = CH − CH = CH2 ↔
+
CH2 − CH = CH ⋅ CH
−
2
+
↔ CH2 − CH = CH ⋅ CH
2
iii. CH 2 = CH ⋅ CHO ↔
+
CH2 ⋅ CH = CHO
-
Page 12 of 12
Subject - Chemistry

Section A
1. If the concentration of glucose (C6H12O6) in blood is 0.9 g L–1, what will be the molarity of glucose in blood? [1]
a) 50 M b) 0.005 M
c) 0.5 M d) 5 M
2. Among the following pairs of orbitals 2s and 3s, 4d and 4f, 3d and 3p, the orbitals that will experience the larger [1]
effective nuclear charge will be:
a) 2s, 4d and 3d respectively b) 2s, 4d and 3p respectively
c) 2s, 4f and 3d respectively d) 3s, 4f and 3d respectively

3. If Vf is the final volume and Vi is the initial volume and p ex
external pressure then the work is done can be [1]
calculated by?
a) Vf
b) Vf
∫ pex dV ∫ pex dV
Vi 0
c) d)
Vf 0
− ∫ pex dV − ∫ pex dV
Vi Vi
4. Around 1015 Hz corresponds to the region of the electromagnetic spectrum [1]
a) ultraviolet region b) infrared region
c) visible light d) microwave region

5. Standard Molar Enthalpy of formation is: [1]
a) the standard enthalpy change for the b) the standard enthalpy change for the
Page 1 of 13
formation of one mole of a compound from formation of one kg of a compound from its
its elements in at a pressure of 10 bar and elements in their most stable states of
30°C. aggregation.
c) the standard enthalpy change for the d) the standard enthalpy change for the
formation of one mole of a compound from formation of one mole of a compound from
its elements in their most stable states of its elements in at a pressure of 2 bar and 25o
aggregation. C.
6. de-Broglie equation is [1]
a) λ = b) =
hv mv
λ
m h
c) λ = hmv d) λ = h
mv
7. In the ethylene molecule the two carbon atoms have the oxidation number [1]
a) -1, -2 b) -1, -1
c) -2,-2 d) +2, -2
8. In which method oil bath is used? [1]
a) Distillation under reduced pressure b) Steam distillation
c) Simple distillation d) Fractional distillation

9. Presence of a nitro group in a benzene ring: [1]
a) deactivates the ring towards electrophilic b) activates the ring towards electrophilic
substitution. substitution.
c) renders the ring basic. d) deactivates the ring towards nucleophilic

substitution.
10. Which of the following compounds is/are amphoteric in nature? [1]
a) As2O3 b) Both AI2O3 and As2O3
c) CI2O7 d) AI2O3
11. The bond enthalpy depends on? [1]
a) Electronegativity b) All of these
c) Bond length d) Size of the atom

12. On passing vapours of phenol over heated zinc dust it gets reduced to [1]
a) benzene b) toluene
c) C6H5OH d) aniline
13. Assertion (A): The IUPAC name for CH 3 CH = CH − C ≡ CH is pent-3-en-1-yne and not pent-2-en-4-yne. [1]
Reason (R): While deciding the locants for double and triple bonds, lowest sum rule is always followed.

14. Assertion (A): Acetylene is acidic in nature. [1]
Page 2 of 13
Reason (R): Acetylene is sp hybridised.

15. Assertion (A): The energy of quantum of radiation is given by E = hν . [1]
Reason (R): Quantum in the energy equation signifies the principal quantum number.

16. Assertion (A): A certain element X, forms three binary compounds with chlorine-containing 59.68%, 68.95% [1]
and 74.75% chlorine respectively. These data illustrate the law of multiple proportions.
Reason (R): According to law of multiple proportions, the relative amounts of an element combining with some
fixed amount of a second element in a series of compounds are the ratios of small whole numbers.

Section B
17. The dissociation of HI is independent of pressure, while dissociation of PCl5 depends upon the pressure applied. [2]
Why?
18. Why does electronegativity value increases across a period and decreases down period? [2]
19. How much potassium chlorate should be heated to produce 2.24L of oxygen at NTP? [2]
20. Arrange the following alkenes in the decreasing order of stability. [2]
CH3
i. CH 3
C = CHCH3
CH3
ii. CH 3 CHCH = CH2
CH3
iii. CH 2= CCH2 CH3
OR
Give the IUPAC names of each of the following:
21. Calculate the wavelength of the radiation which would cause photochemical dissociation of a chlorine molecule. [2]
The bond dissociation energy Cl - Cl of bond is 245 kJ mol-1.
Section C
22. Explain the important aspect of resonance with reference to the CO 2−
3
ion. [3]
23. Answer: [3]
(a) Two litres of an ideal gas at a pressure of 10 atm expands isothermally at 25 °C into a vacuum until its [1]
Page 3 of 13
total volume is 10 litres. How much heat is absorbed and how much work is done in the expansion
against a constant external pressure of 1 atm?
(b) What is free energy in terms of thermodynamics? [1]
(c) Define a system. [1]
24. How will you calculate work done on an ideal gas in a compression, when the change in pressure is carried out [3]
in infinite steps?
25. i. Use the following reactions to arrange the elements A, B, C and D in order of their redox reactivity [3]
a. A + B+ → A+ + B
b. B + D+ → B+ + D
c. C+ + D → No reaction
d. B + C+ → B+ + C
ii. On the basis of above redox activity series, predict which of the following reactions would you expect to
occur?
a. A+ + C → A + C+
b. A+ + D → A + D+
26. What is the number of photons of light with wavelength 4000 pm which provides 1 J of energy? [3]
27. Among the elements B, AI, C and Si [3]
i. Which has the highest first ionization enthalpy?
ii. Which has the most negative electron gain enthalpy?
iii. Which has the largest atomic radius?
iv. Which has the most metallic character?
28. Calculate the number of atoms in each of the following [3]
i. 52 mole of Ar
ii. 52 u of He
iii. 52 g of He.
Section D
The phenomenon of the existence of two or more compounds possessing the same molecular formula but
different properties is known as isomerism. Such compounds are called isomers. Compounds having the same
molecular formula but different structures (manners in which atoms are linked) are classified as structural
isomers. Structural isomers are classified as chain isomer, position isomer, functional group isomer.
Meristematic arises due to different alkyl chains on either side of the functional group in the molecule and
stereoisomerism and can be classified as geometrical and optical isomerism. Hyperconjugation is a general
stabilising interaction. It involves delocalisation of σ electrons of the C-H bond of an alkyl group directly
attached to an atom of an unsaturated system or to an atom with an unshared p orbital. This type of overlap
stabilises the carbocation because electron density from the adjacent σ bond helps in dispersing the positive
charge.
i. Why Isopentane, pentane and Neopentane are chain isomers?
ii. The molecular formula C3H8O represents which isomer?
Page 4 of 13
iii. What type of isomerism is shown by Methoxypropane and ethoxyethane?
OR
Why hyperconjugation is a permanent effect?
The molecular orbital theory is based on the principle of a linear combination of atomic orbitals. According to
this approach when atomic orbitals of the atoms come closer, they undergo constructive interference as well as
destructive interference giving molecular orbitals, i.e., two atomic orbitals overlap to form two molecular
orbitals, one of which lies at a lower energy level (bonding molecular orbital). Each molecular orbital can hold
one or two electrons in accordance with Pauli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity.
For molecules up to N2, the order of filling of orbitals is:
∗ ∗
∗ ∗ ∗
σ(1s)σ (1s), σ(2s)σ (2s), π (2px ) = π (2py ) , σ (2pz ) ,π (2px ) = π (2py ) , σ (2pz )
and for molecules after N2, the order of filling is:

∗ ∗
∗ ∗ ∗
σ(1s)σ (1s), σ(2s)σ (2s), σ (2pz ) , π (2px ) = π (2py ) ,π (2px ) = π (2py ) , σ (2pz )
Bond order = [bonding electrons - antibonding electrons]

1
Bond order gives the following information:

I. If bond order is greater than zero, the molecule/ion exists otherwise not.
II. Higher the bond order, higher is the bond dissociation energy.
III. Higher the bond order, greater is the bond stability.
IV. Higher the bond order, shorter is the bond length.
i. Arrange the following negative stabilities of CN, CN+ and CN- in increasing order of bond. (1)
ii. The molecular orbital theory is preferred over valence bond theory. Why? (1)
iii. Ethyne is acidic in nature in comparison to ethene and ethane. Why is it so? (2)
OR
Bonding molecular orbital is lowered by a greater amount of energy than the amount by which antibonding
molecular orbital is raised. Is this statement correct? (2)
Section E
(a) Convert 1-bromopropane to 2-bromopropane. [1]
(b) Although benzene is highly unsaturated it does not undergo addition reactions. [1]
(c) How is alkene produced by vicinal dihalide? [1]
(d) How will you convert ethanoic acid into ethene? [1]
(e) What is the number of σ and π bond in N ≡ C – CH = CH – C ≡ N? [1]
(f) Write the general formula for alkynes. [1]
(g) What do you mean by delocalization? [1]
32. Determine the solubilities of silver chromate, barium chromate, ferric hydroxide, lead chloride and mercurous [5]
iodide at 298 K from their solubility product constants.
i. Ksp(Ag2CrO4) = 1.1 × 10-12,
ii. Ksp(BaCrO4) = 1.2 × 10-10,
iii. Ksp[Fe(OH)3] = 1.0 × 10-3,
Determine also the molarities of individual ions.
Page 5 of 13
OR
The ionization constant of benzoic acid is 6.46 × 10 −5
and Ksp for silver benzoate is 2.5 × 10 −13
. How many times
is silver benzoate more soluble in a buffer of pH 3.19 compared to its solubility in pure water?
33. Answer: [5]
(a) i. a. Define the following terms: [2.5]
i. Enantiomers
ii. Racemic mixture
b. Why is chlorobenzene resistant to nucleophilic substitution reaction?
ii. What is the general molecular formula of saturated monohydric alcohols? [2.5]
OR
i. Two liquids (A) and (B) can be separated by the method of fractional distillation. The boiling [2.5]
point of a liquid (A) is less than the boiling point of a liquid (B). Which of the liquids do you
expect to come out first in the distillate? Explain.
ii. Structures and IUPAC names of some hydrocarbons are given below. Explain why the names [2.5]
given in the parentheses are incorrect.
a. C H 3
− C H − C H2 − C H2 − C H − C H − C H2 − C H3
| | |
CH CH CH
3 3 3
2,5,6- Trimethyloctane
[and not 3,4,7- Trimethyloctane]
b. C H 3
− C H2 − CH − C H2 − C H − C H2 − C H3
| |
CH CH CH
3 3 3
3-Ethyl-5-methylheptane
[and not 5-Ethyl-3-methylheptane]
Page 6 of 13
Solution
Section A
1.
(b) 0.005 M
Concentration in g/L
Explanation: M olarity =
Molar mass
Concentration of glucose in blood= 0.9 g/L

Molar mass of glucose (C6H12O6) = 6 × 12 + 12 × 1 + 6 × 16 = 180 g mol-1
M olarity =
0.9
180
= 0.005 M
2.
(b) 2s, 4d and 3p respectively
Explanation: An electron is shielded from the attractive interactions of the nucleus by the electrons in the inner shells.The
repulsive and attractive interactions of an electron depend on the shell and the orbital in which the electron is present.
3.
Vf
(c) − ∫ pex dV
Vi
Vf
Explanation: − ∫ pex dV =w
Vi
It is equal to the integration of change in volume with respect to the initial and final volume.
4.
(c) visible light
Explanation: Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light. A typical human
eye will respond to wavelengths from about 390 to 700 nm. In terms of frequency, this corresponds to a band in the vicinity of
430–770 THz.
5.
(c) the standard enthalpy change for the formation of one mole of a compound from its elements in their most stable states of
aggregation.
Explanation: The standard enthalpy change for the formation of one mole of a compound from its elements in their most
stable states of aggregation (reference states) is called standard molar enthalpy of formation.
6.
(d) λ = h
mv
Explanation: Louis de-Broglie proposed that matter, like light , has a dual character.It exhibits wave as well as particle
nature. The wavelength of the wave associated with a particle of mass m moving with velocity v is given by
h
λ = mv
7.
(c) -2,-2
Explanation: In general carbon molecule have 4 valence electrons and in ethylene molecule (H2C = CH2) each carbon atom is
surrounded by 6 valence electron so by calculating its oxidation number we will get 4 - 6= -2. so, thats why carbon have -2,-2
oxidation number.
8.
(d) Fractional distillation
Explanation: Fractional distillation
9. (a) deactivates the ring towards electrophilic substitution.
Explanation: This is because the Nitro is an electron-withdrawing group, it pulls the electron density from the ring towards
itself thereby decreasing the electron density in the ring and deactivating the ring towards attack by the electrophile.
Page 7 of 13
10.
(b) Both AI2O3 and As2O3
Explanation: A12O3 and As2O3 are amphoteric in nature. Amphoteric oxides behave as acidic with bases and basic with
acids.
11.
(b) All of these
Explanation: The bond enthalpy depends on many factors sizes of atoms involved in the bond, differences in their
electronegativity, bond length, electron affinities, etc.
12. (a) benzene
Explanation: Phenol is reduced to benzene.
5 4 3 2 1
Explanation: When double and triple bonds are presently lowest sum rule is followed thus in C H 3 C H = C H− C= C H
Sum of locants (1 + 3) = 4.
In CH CH = CH − C ≡ CH
3
1 2 3 4 5
Sum of locants (2 + 4) = 6
So it is named as pent-3-en-1-yne.
14.
Explanation: The acidic nature in acetylene is described on the basis of higher electronegativity of sp hybridized carbon atom
which pulls more effectively the C - H bond pair to lose H+.
15.
Explanation: E = hν , where h = Planck's constant = 6.626 × 10-34 Js and ν = frequency. Quantum is the smallest quantity of
energy that can be emitted (or absorbed). According to Planck' theory, energy is emitted in integral multiples of hν , e.g. hν , 2h
ν , 3hν etc.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
Section B
17. For, the dissociation of HI, we have the equation 2HI(g) ⇌ H2(g) + I2(g). Here 2 moles of reactants give 2 moles of products.
Hence Δn = 0 and so according to Le Chatelier's principle, dissociation of HI is independent of pressure. For the dissociation of
PCl5, we have PCl5(g) ⇌ PCl3(g) + Cl2 (g). Here 1 mole of reactant gives 2 moles of products. Hence Δn = 1 and so according to
Le Chatelier's principle, dissociation of PCl5 depends on pressure.
18. Electronegativity is the tendency of an element to attract the shared pair of electrons towards itself in a covalently bonded
molecule. Electronegativity of an element is inversely proportional to its atomic size. It means with increase in atomic size ,
electronegativity of an element decreases.
1. We know that atomic size increases down the group. Therefore electronegativity decreases down the group.
2. The attraction between the outer electrons and the nucleus increases, as the atomic radius decreases in a period. The
electronegativity also increases.
19. When potassium chlorate is heated, then following reaction takes place:
2KClO3 → 2KCl + 3O2
Molecular mass of 1mol KClO3 = 39 + 35.5 + 3 × 16= 122.5 g
Molecular mass of 2 mols of KClO3 = 2× 122.5 g =245 g
Volume occupied by 3 mol of oxygen = 3× 22.4L = 67.5 L
Therefore, 67.2L of oxygen is produced from 245g of KClO3
2.24L of oxygen is produced from = 245
67.2
× 2.24 = 8.17g of KClO3
20. Stability of an alkene increases with increase in the number of electron donating substituent at the position of double bonded
carbon atom. Thus, the order is (i) > (iii) > (ii).
OR
Page 8 of 13
IUPAC name
i. 3, 5-dimethyl-2-hexene or 3, 5 -dimethylhex-2-ene
ii. 4-chloro-3-methylcyclopentene
iii. 1-sec-butyl-2-methylcyclohexene or 1-methyl-2-(1-methylpropyl) cyclohexen
iv. 2-pentyl-1-heptene or 2-pentylhept-1-ene
21. Bond dissociation energy required to break 1 mole of Cl-Cl bonds = 245 kJ (Given)
3
245×10
Therefore, Energy required to break one Cl—Cl bond = 23
−19
= 4.068 × 10 J
6.023×10
bc
Now, E = bv = λ
−34 8
hc 6.626× 10 ×3.0× 10 −7
λ = = = 4.89 × 10 m
E −19
4.068×10
Section C
22.
Resonance in, CO32- I, II and III represent the three canonical forms.
i. In these structures, the position of nuclei is the same.
ii. All the three forms have the almost equal energy
iii. The same number of paired and unpaired electrons they differ only in their position.
23. Answer:
(i) W = −Pext.ΔV
Pext = 1atm
ΔV = 10−2L=8L
∴W = −1×8 = −8atm−L
We have q = – w = pext (8) = 8 litre-atm
(ii) Free energy of a system is the capacity to do work.
G = H-TΔS
(iii)A system in thermodynamics refers to that part of the universe in which observations are made.
24. When compression is carried out in infinite steps with the change in pressure, it is a reversible process.
Work done can be calculated from pV-plot when pressure is not constant.
A pV plot of the work of compression which is carried out by the change in pressure in infinite steps during compression from the
initial volume, Vi to the final volume, Vf is shown in the figure. The work done on the gas is represented by the shaded area.
25. i. The electrochemical series or redox activity is based on the decreasing order of reduction potentials. This means that the
species which gets reduced is higher in the electrochemical series as compared to the other which is to get oxidised (lose
electrons).
In reaction (a), B+ gets reduced by A and therefore B is higher than A in electrochemical series.
In reaction (b), D+ gets reduced by B and therefore, D is higher in the electrochemical series than B.
In reaction (c), C+ does not get reduced by D, therefore, C is lower than D in electrochemical series. But according to reaction
(d), C+ gets reduced by B and therefore, C is higher in electrochemical series than B.
Thus, the correct order is D > C > B > A
ii. Both reactions do not occur because A cannot be reduced by C as well as D.
Page 9 of 13
26. Energy of photon (E) = hc
h = 6.626 × 10-34 Js, c= 3× 108 ms-1, λ = 4000 pm = 4000 × 10-12 = 4 × 10-9 m

−34 8 −1
= 4.969 × 10-17 J
(6.626× 10 Js)×(3× 10 ms )
∴ Energy of photon (E) = −9

(4× 10 m)
Now, 4.969 × 10-17 J is the energy of photon = 1

∴ 1 J is the energy of photons = 1
−17
= 2.012 × 1016 photons.
4.969×10
27. i. C has the highest first ionization enthalpy.

ii. C has the most negative electron gain enthalpy.
iii. AI has the largest atomic radius.
iv. AI has the most metallic character.
28. i. 1 mole of Ar contains 6.022 × 10 atoms 23
∴ 52 mole of Ar will contain 6.022 × 10 atoms

23 25
× 52 = 3.13 × 10
ii. 4 u of He = 1 He atom
∴ 52 u of He = × 52 He atoms = 13 He atoms.
1
iii. 1 mol atom of He = 4g = 6.023 × 1023 atoms

4 g of He contains 6.022 × 10 atoms
23
23
6.022× 10 ×52
52 g of He will contain = 4
= 7.83 × 10
24
atoms.
Section D
29. i. Isopentane, pentane and Neopentane are chain isomers because they have a similar molecular formula but a different carbon
skeleton.
ii. The molecular formula C3H8O represents positional isomers because they differ in the position of substituent functional
group(OH) on the carbon skeleton.
iii. Methoxypropane and ethoxyethane are metamers because none of its side are similar to each other.
OR
The σ electrons of C-H bond of the alkyl group enter into partial conjugation with the attached unsaturated system or with the
unshared p orbital therefore hyperconjugation is permanent effect.
30. i. The increasing order of negative stabilities of CN, CN+ and CN- is CN+ > CN > CN-.
ii. The molecular orbital theory is preferred over valence bond theory because molecular orbital theory explains the magnetic
nature of the molecule.
iii. In ethyne, hydrogen atoms are connected to sp hybridized carbon atoms, but in ethene, they are attached to sp2 hybridized
carbon atoms and in ethane, they are attached to sp3 hybridized carbons.
OR
The given statement is not correct because the bonding molecular orbital is lowered by a lesser amount of energy than the
amount by which antibonding molecular orbital is raised.
Section E
(i) We can convert 1-Bromopropne into 2-Bromopropane in two steps. In the first step, the dehydrohalogenation of 1-bromo
propane with alcoholic KOH gives propene which on reacting with HBr gives 2-bromo propane due to Markovnikov's
rule for addition.
(ii) It is due to delocalization of -electrons in benzene it is highly stable.

(iii)Alkene are produced from Vicinal dihalide by the process of dehalogenations. Vicinal dihalide on treatment with Zn
metal lose a molecule of ZnX2 to from an alkene.
CH2Br-CH2Br + Zn → CH2=CH2 + ZnBr2.
Page 10 of 13
(iv)
(v) In Triple bond, there are two π-bonds and one σ bond and in double bond, one is σ bond and one π-bond. Therefore, in
this compound there are 7σ bonds and 5 π-bonds.
(vi)General formula of alkynes is CnH2n −2
(vii)Delocalisation implies that pairs of bonding electrons extend over three or more atoms and belong to the whole
molecule.
Due to delocalization, compound becomes stable.
Example: Delocalization in benzene
32. i. Ag 2 C rO4 ⇌ 2Ag

+
+ CrO
2−
4
; Ksp = 1.1 × 10-12
S 2S S
Ksp = [Ag+]2⋅ [CrO2− ] 4
Ksp = [2S]2⋅ [S] = 4S3, S3 =

Ksp
S3 = = 0.275 × 10-12
−12
or 1.1×10
On solving S = 6.503 × 10-5 M

[Ag+] = 2S = 2 × 6.503 × 10-5 M
= 13.006 × 10-5 ≈ 1.3 × 10-4 M
and [CrO 2−
4
] = S = 6.503 × 10-5 M
ii. BaCrO 4 ⇌ Ba
2+
+ CrO
2−
4
;
S S
Ksp = 1.2 × 10-10 (Solubility of BaCrO4 is S mol L-1)
Ksp = 1.2 × 10-10 = [Ba2+]⋅ [CrO 2−
4
] = S2
−−−−−−−−−
S = √1.2 × 10 −10
= 1.1 × 10-5 M
[Ba2+] = [CrO 2−
4
] = 1.1 × 10-5 M
iii. Fe(OH) 3 ⇌ Fe
3+
+ 3OH ; −
S 3S
S
Ksp = 1.0 × 10-38 (Solubility of Fe(OH)3 is S mol L-1)
Ksp = [Fe3+] [OH-]3
Ksp = S⋅ (3S)3 = 27S4 or S4 =

Ksp
27
S4 = 10-38
−38
1.0×10
27
= 0.037 ×
S = 1.387 × 10-10, S ≈ 1.39 × 10-10
[Fe3+] = 1.39 × 10-10 M
[OH-] = 3S = 3 × 1.39 × 10-10
= 4.17 × 10-10 M
OR
− +
C6 H5 C OOAg → C6 H5 C O O + Ag
Solubility of water. Suppose solubility in water = x mol L-1 then

[C6H5COO-] = [Ag+] = x mol L-1
−−−−−−−− −
x2 = Ksp or x = √K
−−− −13
sp = √2.5 × 10
Page 11 of 13
−7 −1
= 5 × 10 mol L
Solubility in buffer of pH = 3.19

pH = 3.19 means − log[H ] = 3.19 +
or log[H +
] = −3.19 = 4.81
¯
¯¯
or [H +
] = 6.457 × 10
−4
M
C6H5COO- ions now combine with the H+ ions to form benzoic acid but [H+] remains almost constant because we have buffer
solution. Now
− +
C6 H5 C OOH ⇌ C6 H5 C O O + H
− + + −4
[ C6 H5 COO ][ H ] [ C6 H5 COOH] [H ]
∴ Ka = or −
=
Ka
=
6.457×10
−5
= 10 .... (i)
[ C6 H5 COOH] [ C6 H5 COO ] 6.46×10
Suppose solubility in the buffer solution is 'y' mol L-1. Then as most of the benzoate ions are converted into benzoic acid
molecules (which remain almost ionized), we have
y = [Ag+] = [C6H5COO-] + [C6H5COOH] = [C6H5COO-] + 10[C6H5COO-] = 11[C6H5COO-] using equation (i)
y
− − +
∴ [C6 H5 C O O ] = ∴ Ksp = [C6 H5 C O O ][Ag ]
11
y
2.5 × 10
−3
=
11
× y or y 2
= 2.75 × 10
−12
or y = 1.66 × 10 −6
y −6
1.66×10
x
=
−7
= 3.32
5×10
Note that in case of salts of weak acids, the solubility is more in the acidic solution than in water. The reason, in general, may be
explained as follows: Taking example of C6H5COOAg, we have
− +
C6 H5 C OOAg ⇌ C6 H5 C O O + Ag
In acidic solution, the anions (C6H5COO- in the present case) undergo protonation in presence of acid. Thus, C6H5COO- ions are
removed. Hence, equilibrium shifts forward producing more Ag+ ions. Alternatively, as C6H5COO- ions are removed, Qsp
decreases. In order to maintain solubility product equilibrium (Qsp = Ksp), Ag+ ion concentration must increase. Hence, solubility
is more.
33. Answer:
(i) i. a. i)The stereoisomers related to each other as non superimposable mirror images are called enantiomers.
ii)Equimolar mixture of d- and l- form is known as racemic mixture.
b. In chlorobenzene the lone pair of electrons on halogen atom is delocalized on the benzene ring. These are
stabilized by resonance, hence, the energy of activation for displacement of halogen is much greater than alkyl
halides.
ii. Monohydric alcohols are the compounds derived from an alkane by replacing one H by - OH group.
Example:
replacing H with OH
CH4 −−−−−−−−−−−−→ CH3 − OH

Methane Methanol

OR
i. If the difference in boiling points of two liquids is not much, simple distillation cannot be used to separate them. The
vapours of such liquids are formed within the same temperature range and are condensed simultaneously. The
technique of fractional distillation is used in such cases. In this technique, vapours of a liquid mixture are passed
through a fractionating column before condensation. The fractionating column is fitted over the mouth of the round
bottom flask. The liquid [B] with a higher boiling point condense before the vapours of [A] with a lower boiling
Page 12 of 13
point.
ii. a. Lowest locant number, 2,5,6 is lower than 3, 5, 7

b. substituents are in equivalent position; lower number is given to the one that comes first in the name according to
alphabetical order.
Page 13 of 13
Subject - Chemistry

Section A
1. The collective study of separation, identification and quantitative determination of the composition of different [1]
substances is dealt under ________ chemistry.
a) analytical b) bio
c) inorganic d) organic
2. An anion A3- has 18 electrons. Write the atomic number of A. [1]
a) 24 b) 21
c) 12 d) 15
3. The bond dissociation energies of H2, Cl2 and HCl are 104, 58 and 103 kcal mol-1 respectively. The enthalpy of [1]
formation of HCl would be
a) +22 kcal mol-1 b) -44 kcal mol-1
c) +44 kcal mol-1 d) -22 kcal mol-1
4. The formula E = hν is used to calculate [1]
a) wave number b) energy of the ejected electrons
c) radiation emitted by a black body d) energy of quantum

5. Thermodynamics is not concerned about [1]
a) energy changes involved in a chemical b) the rate at which a reaction proceeds.

reaction.
c) the feasibility of a chemical reaction. d) the extent to which a chemical reaction
Page 1 of 11
proceeds.
6. Calculate the wavelength (in nanometer) associated with a proton moving at 1.0 × 103 ms-1 (Mass of proton = [1]
1.67 × 10-27 kg and h = 6.63 × 10-34 Js)
a) 0.40 nm b) 0.032 nm
c) 14.0 nm d) 2.5 nm
7. Zn2+/Zn represents: [1]
a) the oxidation number of +2 of Zinc b) the oxidised form of Zinc
c) redox couple d) the reduced form of Zinc

8. How many metamers are possible for pentan-1-al? [1]
a) Two b) Four
c) Three d) Zero
9. Carbon-carbon double bond in alkenes consists of: [1]
a) one strong sigma (σ) bond due to head-on b) one strong sigma (σ) bond due to head-on
overlapping of sp3 hybridised orbitals one overlapping of sp2 hybridised orbitals one
weak pi (π) bond. weak pi (π) bond.
c) one weak sigma (σ) bond due to head-on d) one weak sigma (σ) bond due to head-on
overlapping of sp2 hybridised orbitals one overlapping of sp hybridised orbitals one
3
weak pi (π) bond. weak pi (π)bond.
10. d-Block Elements are characterized by the: [1]
a) inner d orbitals are not filled. b) absence of d orbital electrons.
c) filling of outer d orbitals. d) filling of inner d orbitals by electrons.

11. The correct equation for the change in enthalpy is: [1]
p
a) ΔH = ΔU + pΔV b) Δ H = ΔU + n V
p
c) ΔH = ΔU + V
d) Δ H = ΔU + TΔV
12. The catalyst required for the given reaction is [1]
Catalyst
HC = CH + dil. H2 SO 4 ⟶ CH3 CHO
a) Pd b) AlCl3
c) Pt d) HgSO4
13. Assertion (A): Sodium extract is made alkaline in the test of sulphur. [1]
Reason (R): On reacting with FeCl3, alkaline sodium extract, gives red colour.
14. Assertion (A): Overlapping in benzene is sp2 - sp2 type. [1]

o
Reason (R): C-C bond length in benzene is 1.3A.
Page 2 of 11

15. Assertion (A): In Sommerfeld's model, circular orbit is possible for the electron in K shell. [1]
Reason (R): Electron present in K shell corresponds to principal quantum number n = 1.
16. Assertion (A): 232.508 can be written as 2.32508 × 102 in scientific notation. [1]
Reason (R): While writing 2.32508 × 102, the decimal had to be moved to the left by two places and the same
is the exponent (2) of 10 in the scientific notation.

Section B
17. A sample of HI (g) is placed in a flask at a pressure of 0.2 atm. At equilibrium partial pressure of HI (g) is 0.04 [2]
atm. What is Kp for the given equilibrium?
2HI (g) ⇌ H2 (g) + I2 (g)
18. Would you expect the first ionization enthalpies of two isotopes of the same element to be the same or different? [2]
19. In three moles of ethane (C2H6), calculate the following: [2]
i. Number of moles of carbon atoms.

ii. Number of moles of hydrogen atoms.
iii. Number of molecules of ethane.
20. Write structural formulae of the following compounds. [2]
i. 3, 4, 4, 5-tetramethylheptane
ii. 2, 5-dimethylhexane
OR
Predict the major products of the following:
2 + +
Hg , H
i. CH3-C ≡ C-Ph −−−−−−→

H2 O
HBr
ii. PhCH = CH2 −−→

21. Which of the following are isoelectronic species i.e., those having the same number of electrons? [2]
Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, S2-, Ar

Section C
22. Draw the resonating structure of [3]
i. ozone molecule
ii. nitrate ion
23. Answer: [3]
(a) Two ideal gases under the same pressure and temperature are allowed to mix in an isolated system. [1]
Page 3 of 11
What will be the sign of entropy change?
(b) Water can be lifted into the water tank at the top of the house with the help of a pump. Then why is it [1]
not considered to be spontaneous?
(c) What is the enthalpy change for an adiabatic process? [1]
24. Express the change in internal energy of a system when [3]
i. No heat is absorbed by the system from the surroundings, but work (w) is done on the system. What type of
wall does the system have?
ii. No work is done on the system, but q amount of heat is taken out from the system and given to the
surroundings. What type of wall does the system have?
iii. w amount of work is done by the system and q amount of heat is supplied to the system. What type of system
would it be?
25. Which method can be used to find out the strength of reductant/oxidant in a solution? Explain with an example. [3]
26. In astronomical observations, signals observed from the distant starts are generally weak. If the photon detector [3]
receives a total of = 3.15 × 10-18 J from the radiations of 600 nm. Calculate the number of photons received by
the detector.
27. Define electron gain enthalpy. What are its units? [3]
28. Balance the following equation, [3]
Fe + H2 O ⟶ Fe3 O4 + H2
Section D
The existing large number of organic compounds and their ever-increasing numbers has made it necessary to
classify them on the basis of their structures. Organic compounds are broadly classified as open-chain
compounds which are also called aliphatic compounds. Aliphatic compounds further classified as homocyclic
and heterocyclic compounds. Aromatic compounds are special types of compounds. Alicyclic compounds,
aromatic compounds may also have heteroatom in the ring. Such compounds are called heterocyclic aromatic
compounds. Organic compounds can also be classified on the basis of functional groups, into families or
homologous series. The members of a homologous series can be represented by general molecular formula and
the successive members differ from each other in a molecular formula by a –CH2 unit.
i. The successive members of a homologous series differ by which mass of amu? (1)
ii. Does Pyridine, pyrrole, thiophene are all heteroaromatic compounds (1)
iii. Difference between heterocyclic and homocyclic compound. (2)
OR
Is tetrahydrofuran is aromatic compounds? (2)
When anions and cations approach each other, the valence shell of anions are pulled towards the cation nucleus
and thus, the shape of the anion is deformed. The phenomenon of deformation of anion by a cation is known as
polarization and the ability of the cation to polarize the anion is called as polarizing power of cation. Due to
polarization, sharing of electrons occurs between two ions to some extent and the bond shows some covalent
character.
The magnitude of polarization depends upon a number of factors.
i. Out of AlCl3 and AlI3 which halides show maximum polarization? (1)
Page 4 of 11
ii. Out of AlCl3 and CaCl2 which one is more covalent in nature? (1)
iii. The non-aqueous solvent like ether is added to the mixture of LiCl, NaCl and KCl. Which will be extracted
into the ether? (2)
OR
Out of CaF2 and CaI2 which one has a minimum melting point? (2)
Section E
(a) If Qc < Kc, when we continuously remove the product, what would be the direction of the reaction? [1]
(b) Explain the reason for the extraordinary stability of benzene in spite of the presence of three double [1]
bonds in it.
(c) What effect does branching of an alkene chain has on its boiling point? [1]
(d) Write the IUPAC name: [1]
(e) How will you demonstrate that double bonds of benzene are somewhat different from that of olefines? [1]
(f) Why do alkynes not show geometrical isomerism? [1]
(g) [1]
Write an IUPAC name:
32. The value of Kp for the reaction, [5]

CO2(g) + C(s) ⇌ 2CO (g)
is 3.0 at 1000 K. If initially, P
C O2 = 0.48 bar and PCO = 0 bar and pure graphite is present, calculate the
equilibrium partial pressures of CO and CO2.

OR
Calculate the pH of a 0.10M ammonia solution. Calculate the pH after 50.0 mL of this solution is treated with 25.0
mL of 0.10M HCl. The dissociation constant of ammonia, Kb = 1.77 × 10–5
33. Answer: [5]

(a) i. Write all structural isomers of molecular formula C3H6O [2.5]
ii. Write resonance structures of CH3COO– and show the movement of electrons by curved [2.5]
arrows.
OR
i. Suggest a method to purify [2.5]
i. a liquid which decomposes at its boiling point.
ii. kerosene oil containing water.
iii. camphor containing traces of common salt.
ii. Giving justification, categorise the following molecules/ions as nucleophile or electrophile: [2.5]
HS-, BF3, C2H5O-, (CH3)3 N:,

+ + +
−
C l , C H3 − C = O, H2 N : , N O2
Page 5 of 11
Solution
Section A
1. (a) analytical
Explanation: analytical
2.
(d) 15
Explanation: A3- means it has got an additional 3 electrons. The atomic number is the number of electrons in a neutral atom.
Therefore atomic number=18-3 =15.
3.
(d) -22 kcal mol-1
Explanation: -22 kcal mol-1
4.
(d) energy of quantum
Explanation: Max Planck theorized that energy was transferred in chunks known as quanta, equal to hν. The variable h is a
constant equal to 6.63 × 10-34 J·s and the variable ν represents the frequency in 1/s.
This equation allows us to calculate the energy of photons, given their frequency.
If the wavelength is given, the energy can be determined by first using the wave equation (c = λ × ν) to find the frequency,
then using Planck’s equation to calculate energy.
5.
(b) the rate at which a reaction proceeds.
Explanation: Thermodynamics tells whether a reaction will take place or not. It doesn't tell about the rate (speed) of reaction.
6. (a) 0.40 nm
−34
Explanation: λ = h
mv
= 6.63×10
−27 3
1.67× 10 ×1× 10
= 3.97 × 10-10 m ≈ 0.40 nm

7.
(c) redox couple
Explanation: This is a redox couple where the following reaction takes place:
Zn2+ + 2e- →
Zn
8.
(d) Zero
O
||
Explanation: C H 3 − C H2 − C H2 − C H2 − C − H
Pentan-1-al
Here the functional group is aldehyde (- CHO) which is a terminal functional group and hence no metamers are possible.
9.
(b) one strong sigma (σ) bond due to head-on overlapping of sp2 hybridised orbitals one weak pi (π) bond.
Explanation: Sigma bond is formed by the head-on overlap of sp2 hybridized orbitals while the pi bond is formed by lateral or
sideways overlapping of the two 2p-orbitals of the two carbon atoms. Alkenes contain 1 weak pi bond and 1 strong sigma
bond.
10.
(d) filling of inner d orbitals by electrons.
Explanation: d-Block elements also known as transition elements are characterized by the filling of inner d orbitals by
electrons before the valence-shell s orbital.
11. (a) ΔH = ΔU + pΔV
Explanation: Enthalpy is a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the total heat content of a system. It is equal to the internal
Page 6 of 11
energy of the system plus the product of pressure and volume.
12.
(d) HgSO4
Explanation: Alkynes are not readily hydrated due to their low reactivity towards electrophilic addition reactions.Further
dilute H2SO4 has no effect on carbon carbon triple bond.In the presence of HgSO4 as catalyst,hydration occurs readily.
13.
Explanation: In the Lassaigne's test for sulphur, sodium extract is made acidic before the addition of lead acetate, because the
black precipitate of lead sulphide is insoluble in acidic medium.
14.
o o
Explanation: C-C bond length in benzene is 1.39 A which is greater than C=C bond length of 1.34A and less than C-C bond
o
length of 1.54A.
15.
Explanation: Sommerfeld's model is an extension of Bohr's model. Electrons in an atom revolve around the nuclei in elliptical
orbit. The circular path is a special case of the elliptical orbit. The Association of elliptical orbit with circular orbit explains the
fine line spectrum of atoms.
Explanation: 232.508 can be written as 2.32508 × 102 in scientific notation. While writing it, the decimal had to be moved to
the left by two places and the same is the exponent (2) of 10 in the scientific notation.
Section B
17. Here, p(HI)= 0.04 atm, P(H2 ) = 0.08 atm p(I2) = 0.08 atm.
PH × PI
(0.08 atm)×(0.08 atm)
Therefore, K p =
2
2
2
=
2
= 4.0
( PH I ) (0.04 atm)
18. Isotopes are elements with the same atomic number but different mass numbers. It implies that all isotopes of the same atom have
the same electronic configurations; hence the same ionization enthalpies.
19. i. 1 mole of C2H6 contains 2 moles of carbon atoms
∴ 3 moles of C2H6 will C-atoms = 2 × 3 = 6 moles
ii. 1 mole of C2H6 contains 6 moles of hydrogen atoms
∴ 3 moles of C2H6 will contain H-atoms = 3 × 6 = 18 moles
iii. 1 mole of C2H6 contains Avogadro's no., i.e. 6.02 × 1023 molecules of ethane
∴ 3 moles of C2H6 will contain ethane molecules = 3 × 6.02 × 1023 = 18.06 × 1023
20. i. Structural formula of 3, 4, 4, 5-tetra methyl heptane is:
ii. Structural formula of 2, 5-dimethyl hexane is:
OR
2 + +
Hg , H
i. CH3-C ≡ C-Ph −−−−−−→ CH 3 − CH = C − Ph ⇌ CH3 CH2 − C − Ph

H2 O | ||
OH O
HBr
ii. PhCH = CH2 −−→ Ph C H − CH 3

|
Br
Page 7 of 11
21. Na+ and Mg2+ are iso-electronic species (have 10 electrons) K+, Ca2+, S2- are isoelectronic species (have 18 electrons).
Section C
22. i. The resonating structures of O3 are shown below:
ii. Nitrate ion, N O −

3
23. Answer:
(i) When two ideal gases at the same pressure and temperature are allowed to mix in an isolated system, the entropy change
is positive because degrees of freedom increases on mixing the gases.
(ii) A spontaneous process should occur continuously by itself after initiation. But this is not so in the given case because
water will go up so long as the pump is working.
So, this process is not considered as a spontaneous process.
(iii)For an adiabatic process,
ΔH = 0
24. i. Δ U = w ad, wall is adiabatic

ii. Δ U = – q, thermally conducting walls
iii. Δ U = q – w, closed system.
25. The redox system is used. In redox systems, the titration method can be adapted to determine the strength of a reductant/oxidant
using a redox-sensitive indicator. The usage of indicators in redox titration is illustrated below:
In one situation, the reagent itself is intensely coloured, e.g. permanganate ion MnO . Here, MnO acts as the self indicator.
−
4
−
The visible endpoint, in this case, is achieved after the last of the reductant (Fe2+ or C2 O
2−
4
) is oxidised and the first lasting tinge
of pink colour appears at MnO-4 concentration as low as 10-6 mol dm-3 and (10-6 mol L-1). This ensures a minimal 'overshoot' in
colour beyond the equivalence point, the point where the reductant and the oxidant are equal in terms of their mole stoichiometry.
26. Total energy received = 3.15 × 10-18
λ = 600 nm = 600 × 10-9 m = 6 × 10-7 m
−34 8 −1
(6.626× 10 Js)×(3× 10 ms )
The energy of one photon, E = hc
λ
=
−7
(6× 10 m)
= 3.3125 × 10-19 J
−18
∴ No. of photons = 3.15× 10 J
−19
= 10
3.3125× 10 J
27. The energy which is released by an isoated gaseous atom in gaining an electron from outside atom or ion to form negative ion (or
anion) is called electron gain enthalpy (ΔegH). Unit of electron gain enthalpy is kJ / mol.
In some cases like in noble gas atoms do not have any attraction to gain an electron in that case energy has to be supplied.
For example
− −
N e(g) + e → Ne (g)
−1
Δeg H = +116 kJ mol
28. Step (i) : Write the skeleton of equation :Fe + H O ⟶ Fe 2 3 O4 + H2
Step (ii) :Changing the H2 to its nascent form 2[H].

Fe + H2 O ⟶ Fe3 O4 + 2H
Step (iii) : Fe3O4 has the largest number of atoms. The balance this, multiply H2O by 4 to balance oxygen atoms. In 4 molecules
of H2O, there are 8 atoms of H which are balanced by multiplying H on the RHS by 8.
3Fe + 4H2 O ⟶ Fe3 O4 + 8H
Step (iv) : Converting [H] to its molecule form H2.
Page 8 of 11
3Fe + 4H2 O ⟶ Fe3 O4 + 4H2
The equation obtained is a balanced chemical equation.

Section D
29. i. The successive members of a homologous series are differ by a -CH2 group. The molecular mass of a -CH2 group is 14 amu.
Hence, each successive homologue of a homologous series differ by a mass of 14 amu.
ii. Heterocyclic compounds are a major class of organic compounds characterized by the fact that some or all of the atoms in
their molecules are joined in rings containing at least one atom of an element other than carbon and follow Huckels rule, the
most common heterocycles are those having five or six-membered rings and containing hetero members of Nitrogen, oxygen,
sulphur. Pyridine, pyrrole, thiophene are all heteroaromatic compounds
iii. A cyclic compound in which the ring includes at least one atom of an element different from the rest is called heterocyclic
compound. A homocyclic compound is a cyclic compound in which all the ring atoms are the same.
OR
Tetrahydrofuran is non-aromatic, due to absence of conjugation in π electrons, and it does not follow Huckel's rule.
30. i. AlI3 halides show maximum polarization. The most covalent halide is AlI3.
Since lesser, the electronegativity difference, the more covalent is the aluminum halide.
ii. AlCl3 is more covalent in nature.
iii. LiCl will be extracted into the ether.
iv. CaI2 has a minimum melting point.
Section E
(i) Continuous removal of a product maintains Qc at a value less than Kc and reaction continues to move in the forward
direction.
(ii) Due to resonance, and delocalisation of electrons benzene is more stable.
(iii)Branching of carbon atom chain decreases the boiling point of alkane.
(iv)
(v) The double bonds of benzene are different from that of olefines as the double bonds of olefines decolourise Br2 in CCl4
and discharge the pink colour of Baeyer’s reagent with simultaneous formation of a brown ppt. of MnO2 while those of
benzene do not.
(vi)Alkynes have a linear structure. Alkynes have triple bond. So, rotation is not possible. Hence, alkynes cannot show
geometrical isomerism.
(vii)
32. For the reaction,

let ‘x’ be the decrease in pressure of CO2, then
CO2(g) + C(s) ⇌ 2CO(g)
Initial
pressure: 0.48 bar 0
At equilibrium: (0.48 – x)bar 2x bar
2
p
CO
Kp =
pC O
2
Kp = (2x)2/(0.48 – x) = 3
4x2 = 3(0.48 – x)
4x2 = 1.44 – x
4x2 + 3x – 1.44 = 0
a = 4, b = 3, c = –1.44
2
(−b± √b −4ac)
x= 2a
Page 9 of 11
2
−3± √3 −4(4)(−1.44)
x =
2(4)
= (–3 ± 5.66)/8
= (–3 + 5.66)/8 (as value of x cannot be negative hence we neglect that value)
x = 2.66/8 = 0.33
The equilibrium partial pressures are,
PCO
2
= 2x = 2 × 0.33 = 0.66 bar
PCO
2
= 0.48 – x = 0.48 – 0.33 = 0.15 bar
OR
NH3 + H2O ⟶ NH
+
4
+ OH-
Kb = [NH +
4
] [ OH
−
] / [NH 3 ] = 1.77 × 10
−5
Before neutralization,
[NH 3 ] = 0.10 − x = 0.10
x2 / 0.10 = 1.77 × 10–5

Thus, x = 1.33 × 10–3 = [OH–]
Therefore,
[H+] = Kw/[OH-] = 10-14 / (1.33 × 10–3) = 7.51 × 10–12
pH = –log(7.5 × 10–12) = 11.12

On addition of 25 mL of 0.1M HCl solution (i.e., 2.5 mmol of HCl) to 50 mL of 0.1M ammonia solution (i.e., 5 mmol of NH3),
2.5 mmol of ammonia molecules are neutralized. The resulting 75 mL solution contains the remaining unneutralized 2.5 mmol of
NH3 molecules and 2.5 mmol of NH +
The resulting 75 mL of solution contains 2.5 mmol of NH ions (i.e., 0.033 M) and 2.5 mmol (i.e., 0.033 M ) of neutralised NH3
+
molecules. This NH3 exists in the following equilibrium:
The final 75 mL solution after neutralization already contains 2.5 m mol NH ions (i.e. 0.033M), thus total concentration of
+
NH
+
4
ions is given as:
[NH ] = 0.033 + y
+
As y is small, [NH4OH] ≃ 0.033 M and [NH ] ≃ 0.033M. +
We know,
+
Kb = [ NH ] [OH]/ [NH 4 OH]
4
= y(0.033)/(0.033) = 1.77 × 10–5 M

Thus, y = 1.77 × 10–5 = [OH–]
+ −14 −5 −9
[H ] = 10 /1.77 × 10 = 0.56 × 10
Hence, pH = 9.24
33. Answer:
(i)
i.
ii. First, write the structure and put unshared pairs of valence electrons on appropriate atoms. Then draw the
arrows(half headed curved arrow) one at a time moving the electrons to get the other structures.
Page 10 of 11
OR
i. i. Distillation under reduced pressure.
ii. Since the two liquids are immiscible, the technique of solvent extraction with a separating funnel is used.
Kerosene being lighter than water forms the upper layer while water forms the lower layer.
The lower water layer is run off when kerosene oil is obtained. It is dried over anhydrous CaCl2 or MgSO4 and
then distilled to give pure kerosene oil.
iii. Sublimation Camphor sublimes while common salt remains as residue in the China dish.
ii. Nucleophiles(reagent that brings electron pair): HS-, C2H5O-, (CH3)3N:, H2N:-
These species have unshared pair of electrons, which can be donated and shared with an electrophile.
+ + +
Electrophiles(reagent which takes away electron pair): BF , C l , C H − C = O, N O

3 3 2
Reactive sites have only six valence electrons; can accept electron pair from a nucleophile.
Page 11 of 11
Subject - Chemistry

Section A
1. If the density of a solution is 3.12 g mL–1, the mass of 1.5 mL solution in significant figures is _______. [1]
a) 4680 × 10–3g b) 4.7g
c) 47.80g d) 4.680g
2. The reduction in the attractive interaction of an electron in the outer shell and the nucleus due to the presence of [1]
electrons in the inner shells is known as _________.
a) Aufbau rule b) exchange energy
c) Hund's rule d) screening effect

3. Standard Gibbs energy change Δ rG
0
is related to the equilibrium constant of the reaction as follows: [1]
a) Δ rG
0
= -Rln K b) Δr G
0
= -nRTln K
c) Δ rG
0
= -RTln K d) Δr G
0
= -Tln K
4. The energy associated with the first orbit in the hydrogen atom is -2.17 × 10-18 J/atom. What is the energy [1]
associated with the fifth orbit?
a) 8.68 × 10-20Js b) 3.72 × 10-20Js
c) 5.72 × 10-20Js d) 7.72 × 10-20Js
5. Calculate the heat and the work associated with a process in which 5.00 mol of gas expands reversibly at [1]
constant temperature T = 298k from a pressure of 10.00 to 1.00 atm
a) 27.0 kJ, -28.5 kJ b) 28.5 kJ, -28.5 kJ
c) 25.5 kJ, -28.5 kJ d) 30.5 kJ, -28.5 kJ
Page 1 of 12
6. Consider the ground state of Cr atom (Z = 24). The numbers of electrons with the azimuthal quantum numbers, l [1]
= 1 and 2 are, respectively:
a) 12 and 4 b) 16 and 4
c) 12 and 5 d) 16 and 5
7. Consider the elements: Cs, Ne, I and F. Identify the element(s) which exhibits neither the negative nor does the [1]
positive oxidation state.
a) Ne b) Cs
c) Ne and F
8. CH3 - MgBr and (C2H5)2 CuLi are ________. [1]
a) electrophiles b) lewis acids
c) nucleophiles d) both electrophiles and nucleophiles

9. Addition of cold conc. H2SO4 with alkenes is an example of [1]
a) nucleophilic addition reaction b) electrophilic substitution reaction
c) electrophilic addition reaction d) nucleophilic substitution reaction

10. Eka-aluminium is known as ________. [1]
a) Aluminium b) Germanium
c) Iron d) Gallium
11. The enthalpy change of a chemical reaction Δ rH equals (ai and bi are stoichiometric coefficients)? [1]
a) ∑ a i Hproducts ± ∑ bi Hreactants b) ∑ ai Hproducts + ∑ bi Hreactants

i i i i
c) ∑ a i Hproducts d) ∑ ai Hproducts − ∑ bi Hreactants

i i i
12. Vinylcarbinol is: [1]
a) CH3CH(OH) = CH2 b) CH3 - C(CH2OH) = CH2
c) CH3 - CH = CH - OH d) HO - CH2 - CH = CH2
13. Assertion (A): Each carbon in ethylene molecule is sp2 hybridised. [1]
Reason (R): The H-C-H bond angle in ethylene molecule is 120o.

14. Assertion (A): Both cyclopropane and propene give addition reactions readily. [1]
Reason (R): Cyclopropane and propene are isomers of each other.

15. Assertion (A): Splitting of the spectral lines in the presence of a magnetic field is known as the Stark effect. [1]
Page 2 of 12
Reason (R): The line spectrum is simplest for the hydrogen atoms.

16. Assertion (A): Law of conservation of mass hold good for nuclear reaction. [1]
Reason (R): Law states that mass can be neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

Section B
17. Predict if the solutions of the following salts are neutral, acidic or basic: [2]
NaCl, KBr, NaCN, NH4NO3, NaNO2 and KF
18. How does electronegativity and non – metallic character related to each other? [2]
19. How many significant figures should be present in the answer of the following calculations? [2]
i. 0.02856×298.15×0.112
0.5785
ii. 5 × 5.364
iii. 0.0125 + 0.7864 + 0.0215
20. Which of the following compounds will show cis-trans isomerism? [2]
i. (CH3)2C = CH – C2H5
ii. CH2 = CBr2

iii. C6H5CH = CH – CH3
iv. CH3CH = CCl CH3
OR
What do you understated by Resonance energy?
21. Among the following pairs of orbitals which orbital will experience the larger effective nuclear charge? [2]
i. 2s and 3s
ii. 4d and 4f
iii. 3p and 3f.
Section C
22. Write the Lewis dot structure of the CO molecule. [3]
23. Answer: [3]
(a) Define reaction enthalpy. [1]
(b) How can you say that universe is going towards chaos? [1]
(c) Neither q nor W is a state function but q + W is a state function. Explain why? [1]
24. For the reaction, 2A(g) + B(g) ⟶ 2D (g); ΔU = -10.5 kJ and ΔS = -44.1 JK-1. Calculate ΔG for the
o o o [3]
reaction and predict whether the reaction may occur spontaneously. (R = 8.314 × 10-3 kJ K-1mol-1, T = 298K)
25. Which of the following species, do not show a disproportionation reaction and why? [3]
and ClO
− − − −
ClO , ClO , ClO
2 3 4
Also, write the reaction for each of the species that disproportionate.
Page 3 of 12
26. Lifetimes of the molecules in the excited states are often measured by using pulsed radiation source of duration [3]
nearly in the nano second range. If the radiation source has the duration of 2 ns and the number of photons
emitted during the pulse source is 2.5 × 1015, calculate the energy of the source.
27. The first (IE) and second (IER) ionization enthalpy: (KJ mol-1) of three elements A, B and C are given below: [3]
A B C
IE1 403 549 1142
IE2 2640 1060 2080
Identify the element which is likely to be

i. a non-metal
ii. an alkali metal
iii. an alkaline earth metal
28. 10 mL of H2 combine with 5 mL of O2 to form water. When 200 mL of H2 at STP is passed over heated CuO, [3]
the CuO loses 0.144 g of its weight. Does the above data correspond to the law of constant composition?
Section D
The existing large number of organic compounds and their ever-increasing numbers has made it necessary to
classify them on the basis of their structures. Organic compounds are broadly classified as open-chain
compounds which are also called aliphatic compounds. Aliphatic compounds further classified as homocyclic
and heterocyclic compounds. Aromatic compounds are special types of compounds. Alicyclic compounds,
aromatic compounds may also have heteroatom in the ring. Such compounds are called heterocyclic aromatic
compounds. Organic compounds can also be classified on the basis of functional groups, into families or
homologous series. The members of a homologous series can be represented by general molecular formula and
the successive members differ from each other in a molecular formula by a –CH2 unit.
i. The successive members of a homologous series differ by which mass of amu? (1)
ii. Does Pyridine, pyrrole, thiophene are all heteroaromatic compounds (1)
iii. Difference between heterocyclic and homocyclic compound. (2)
OR
Is tetrahydrofuran is aromatic compounds? (2)
In order to explain the characteristic geometrical shapes of polyatomic molecules, Pauling introduced the
concept of hybridisation. The orbitals undergoing hybridisation should have nearly the same energy. There are
various type of hybridisations involving s, p and d-type of orbitals. The type of hybridisation gives the
characteristic shape of the molecule or ion.
i. Why all the orbitals in a set of hybridised orbitals have the same shape and energy?
ii. Out of XeF2 and SF2 which molecule has the same shape as N O ion? +
iii. Out of XeF4 and XeF2 which molecule doesn't have the same type of hybridisation as P(Phosphorus) has in
PF5?
OR
Unsaturated compounds undergo additional reactions. Why?
Page 4 of 12
Section E
(a) What is electrophile in sulphonation? [1]
(b) Write IUPAC name of following: [1]
(c) Write IUPAC name: CH 3 CH − C ( CH3 )

2
[1]
(d) Methane does not react with chlorine in dark. Why? [1]
(e) How would you convert ethene to ethane molecule? [1]
(f) What is Huckel rule? [1]
(g) What is decarboxylation? Give an example. [1]
32. Ethyl acetate is formed by the reaction of ethanol and acetic acid and the equilibrium is represented as: [5]
CH3COOH(l) + C5H5OH(l) ⇌ CH3COOC2H5(l) + H2O(l)
a. Write the concentration ratio (reaction quotient), Qc, for this reaction (note: water is not in excess and is not a
solvent in this reaction)

b. At 293 K, if one starts with 1.00 mol of acetic acid and 0.18 mol of ethanol, there is 0.171 mol of ethyl
acetate in the final equilibrium mixture. Calculate the equilibrium constant.
c. Starting with 0.5 mol of ethanol and 1.0 mol of acetic acid and maintaining it at 293 K, 0.214 mol of ethyl
acetate is found after some time. Has equilibrium been reached?
OR
What is the pH of 0.001 M aniline solution? The ionisation constant of aniline is 4.27 × 10-10.
Calculate the degree of ionisation of aniline in the solution. Also calculate the ionisation constant of the conjugate
acid of aniline.
33. Answer: [5]
(a) i. During estimation of nitrogen present in an organic compound by Kjeldahl's method, the [2.5]
ammonia evolved from 0.5 g of the compound in Kjeldahl's estimation of nitrogen,
neutralized 10 mL of 1 M H2SO4. Find out the percentage of nitrogen in the compound.
[2.5]
+ + +
ii. Explain why (C H 3

)3 C is more stable than C H
3
C H2 and C H is the least stable cation.
3
OR
i. Will CCl4 give a white precipitate of AgCl on heating it with AgNO3? [2.5]
ii. Identify the functional groups present in the following compounds. [2.5]
Page 5 of 12
Page 6 of 12
Solution
Section A
1.
(b) 4.7g
Explanation: Mass = Density × Volume
= 3.12 g mL-1 × 1.5 mL = 4.68 g = 4.7 g
significant figures as that of the least given number. Therefore, correct answer is 4.7 g
2.
(d) screening effect
Explanation: The effective nuclear charge experienced by an electron depends upon the shell and the orbital in which the
electron is present. The electrons in the outer shell are shielded from the nucleus by the electrons in the inner shells.
3.
(c) Δ G = -RTln K
r
0
Explanation: Δ G = -RTln K
r
0
where Δ G is standard Gibbs energy change, K is the equilibrium constant, R is the universal gas constant and T is the
r
0
temperature in kelvin scale.
4. (a) 8.68 × 10-20Js

Explanation: The energy of first (Bohr) orbit in hydrogen atom = -2.17 × 10-18Jatom-1
2
The energy of the fifth orbit will be given by E n = E1 ×

Z
2
N
10-20Jatom-1
−18
−2.17×10
E5 =
2
= 8.68 ×
5
5.
(b) 28.5 kJ, -28.5 kJ
P1 10atm
Explanation: At constant T , P2
=
1atm
= 10 ; n = 5 mol, T = 298K
P1
Thus, work w = −2.303nRT log P2
4
= −2.303 × 5 × 8.314 × 298 × log 10 = −2.85 × 10 J = −28.5kJ
Here, heat ΔU = 0; ⇒ q = −w = +28.5kJ

6.
(c) 12 and 5
Explanation: Azimuthal quantum number l = 1 is for p and l = 2 is for d.
Now Cr has configuration 1s , 2s , 2p , 3s , 3p , 3d , 4s
2 2 6 2 6 5 1
Hence there are 12, p-electrons and 5, d-electrons

7. (a) Ne
Explanation: Since, Ne is noble gas having stable electronic configuration i.e. 1s2 2s2 2p6. So it do not show any positive or
negative oxidation state.
8.
(c) nucleophiles
− +
Explanation: CH3 - Mgl ⟶ C H3 + M gl

Nucleophile
−R−X −
(C2H5)2CuLi −−−−→ (C 2 H5 )C u + LiX + R - C2H5

Nucleophile
9.
(c) electrophilic addition reaction
Explanation: The electrophilic addition reaction between ethene and sulfuric acid. Alkenes react with concentrated sulfuric
acid in the cold to produce alkyl hydrogensulphates. For example, ethene reacts to give ethyl hydrogensulphate.
10.
(d) Gallium
Page 7 of 12
Explanation: Gallium
11.
(d) ∑ a i Hproducts − ∑ bi Hreactants
i i
Explanation: The enthalpy of reaction (Δ rH ) = (Sum of enthalpies of products)- (sum of enthalpies of reactants) =
∑ ai H(product) − ∑ bi H(reactant)
12.
(d) HO - CH2 - CH = CH2
Explanation: HO - CH2 - CH = CH2
13.
Explanation: Each carbon atom in ethylene is attached to two hydrogen atoms by single covalent bonds and to another carbon
atom by a double bond. Since each carbon is attached to three other atoms, it uses sp2 hybrid orbitals and an unhybridised pz
orbital to form its bond. Each C-H bond is a σ bond resulting from the overlap of 1 s orbital of hydrogen atom and sp2 orbital
of a carbon atom. One C-C results from linear overlap of sp2 orbitals one from each carbon atom. One π bond results from the
lateral overlap o f two unhybridised pz orbitals, one from each carbon atom.
14.
Explanation: Propene being unsaturated undergoes addition reactions. In contrast, cyclopropane being strained readily
undergoes ring cleavage to yield addition products.
15.
Explanation: Splitting of the spectral lines in the presence of a magnetic field is known as the Zeeman effect and in an electric
field is known as the Stark effect. The splitting of spectral lines is due to different orientations which the orbitals can have in
the presence of the magnetic field.
16.
Explanation: Law of conservation of mass does not hold good for nuclear reaction due to mass defect.
Section B
17. NaCN, NaNO2, KF solutions are basic, as they are salts of strong base, weak acid. NaCl, KBr solutions are neutral, as they are
salts of strong acid, strong base. NH4NO3 solution is acidic as it is a salt of strong acid, weak base. This can be sumarized as
follows:
S.No. Salt Acid Base Hydrolysis Reaction Nature of solution
H2O ↔ H+ + OH-
1. NaCl HCl NaOH Neutral
No Hydrolysis
2. KBr HBr KOH No Hydrolysis Neutral
3. NaCN HCN NaOH CN- + H2O ↔ HCN + OH- Basic
4. NH4NO3 HNO3 NH4OH NH4+ + H2O ↔ NH4OH + H+ Acidic
5. NaNO2 HNO2 NaOH NO2- + H2O ↔ HNO2 + OH- Basic
6. KF HF KOH F- + H2O ↔ HF + OH- Basic
18. Electronegativity is directly related to the non – metallic character of elements.

Therefore, the rise in electronegativities across the period is followed by an increase in non – metallic properties of elements.
Consequently, the decrease in electronegativities down the group is accompanied by an decrease in non – metallic properties of
elements.
19. i. The least precise term has 3 significant figures (i.e. in 0.112). Hence, the answer should have 3 significant figures.
Page 8 of 12
ii. Leaving the exact number (5), the second term has 4 significant figures. Hence, the answer should have 4 significant figures.
iii. In the given addition, the least number of decimal places in the term is 4. Hence, the answer should have 4 significant figures.
20. (iii) and (iv) show cis-trans isomerism. In structures (i) and (ii), two identical groups are attached to one of the doubly bonded
carbon atoms.
(C6H5CH = CH – CH3)
(CH3CH = CCl CH3)
OR
Resonance energy: The difference between the energy of the most stable contributing structure and the energy of the resonance
hybrid is known as resonance energy.
Example: The resonance energy of benzene is 147KJ/mole.
21. Nuclear charge is defined as the net positive charge experienced by an electron in the orbital of a multi-electron atom. The closer
the orbital, the greater is the nuclear charge experienced by the electron (s) in it.
i. 2s is closer to the nucleus than 3s.Hence 2s will experience larger effective nuclear charge.
ii. 4d will experience greater nuclear charge than 4f since 4d is closer to the nucleus than 4f.
iii. 3p will experience greater nuclear charge since it is closer to the nucleus than 3f because 3p is closer to nucleus than 3f.
Section C
22. Step 1. Count the total number of valence electrons of carbon and oxygen atoms. The outer (valence) shell configurations of
carbon and oxygen atoms are:
2s2 2p2 and 2s2 2p4, respectively. The valence electrons available are 4 + 6 =10.
Step 2. The skeletal structure of CO is written as: CO
Step 3. Draw a single bond (one shared electron pair) between C and O and complete the octet on O, the remaining two electrons
are the lone pair on C.
This does not complete the octet on carbon and hence we have to resort to multiple bonding (in this case a triple bond) between C
and O atoms. This satisfies the octet rule condition for both atoms.
23. Answer:
(i) Reaction enthalpy: The enthalpy change accompanying a reaction is called the reaction enthalpy.
The enthalpy change of a chemical reaction, is given by the symbol ΔrH.
(ii) Most of the naturally occurring processes are accompanied by increase of randomness. Hence, randomness of the
universe is continuously increasing. Thus, we are going towards chaos
(iii)q and W are not state functions. But as we know that,
q + W = ΔU , which is a state function.
Hence, q + W is a state function.
24. According to the question, ΔU = - 10.5 kJ and ΔS = - 44.1 JK-1, R = 8.314 × 10-3 kJ mol-1, T = 298 K.
o o
Reaction:
2A(g) + B(g) ⟶ 2D (g)
Δng = np - nr = 2 - 3 = -1
We know that, ΔH o
= ΔU
o
+ Δng RT
ΔH
o
= - 10.5 + (- 1 × 8.314 × 10-3 × 298)
= - 12.977 kJ mol-1
Now, ΔG = ΔHo o
− T ΔS
o
ΔG
o
= -12.977 - ( 298 × - 44.1 × 10-3)
Page 9 of 12
= 0.165 kJ mol-1
The reaction will not occur spontaneously because ΔG is positive.
o
25. Among the oxoanions of chlorine listed above, ClO does not disproportionate because in this oxoanion chlorine is present in its
−
highest oxidation state that is, +7. The disproportionation reactions for the other three oxoanions of chlorine are as follows:
+1 −1 +5
− − −
3ClO → 2Cl + ClO
3
+3 +5 −1
hv
− − −
6ClO −→ 4ClO + 2Cl
2 3
+5 −1 +7
− − −
4CIO → Cl + 3ClO
3 4
26. Frequency = 1
−9
= 0.5 × 109 s-1
2× 10 s
Energy = Nhv
= (2.5 × 105) (6.26 × 10-39 Js) (0.5 × 109 s-1)
= 8.28 × 10-10 J
27. i. C is non-metal
ii. A is alkali metal
iii. B is alkaline earth metal
28. CuO + H2 → Cu +H2O
For First experiment;
Ratio of hydrogen to oxygen = 10:5 = 2:1
For Second Experiment:
Here, 0.144g is lost from CuO.
Therefore, 0.144g of oxygen combines with 200mL of hydrogen
32g oxygen occupies volume at STP. = 22400mL
So 0.144g oxygen occupies volume at STP = 100.8 mL oxygen
22400 ×0.144
32
Now, The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen = 200 :100.8 =2:1

As the ratios are same , Therefore, Law of constant proportion is obeyed.
Section D
29. i. The successive members of a homologous series are differ by a -CH2 group. The molecular mass of a -CH2 group is 14 amu.
Hence, each successive homologue of a homologous series differ by a mass of 14 amu.
ii. Heterocyclic compounds are a major class of organic compounds characterized by the fact that some or all of the atoms in
their molecules are joined in rings containing at least one atom of an element other than carbon and follow Huckels rule, the
most common heterocycles are those having five or six-membered rings and containing hetero members of Nitrogen, oxygen,
sulphur. Pyridine, pyrrole, thiophene are all heteroaromatic compounds
iii. A cyclic compound in which the ring includes at least one atom of an element different from the rest is called heterocyclic
compound. A homocyclic compound is a cyclic compound in which all the ring atoms are the same.
OR
Tetrahydrofuran is non-aromatic, due to absence of conjugation in π electrons, and it does not follow Huckel's rule.
30. i. Hybrid orbitals are formed after combining atomic orbitals and have the equivalent shape and energy in the given set of
hybridised orbitals.
ii. XeF2 molecule has the same shape as N O ion. +
iii. XeF4 molecule doesn't have the same type of hybridisation as P(Phosphorus) has in PF5.
OR
Unsaturated hydrocarbon molecules include two- or three-fold bonds of carbon. The π -bond is a multiple bond, which
becomes unstable and hence adds across numerous bonds.
Section E
(i) SO3
Page 10 of 12
(ii)
(iii)2-methylbutane
(iv)Chlorination of methane is a free radical substitution reaction and the initiation step involves the formation of free
radical Cl2 → 2Cl..This requires more energy than is available at ambient temperatures and light of enough high energy
will break the bond and initiate the reaction. In dark, chlorine is unable to be converted into free radicals, hence the
reaction does not occur.
(v) Unsaturated alkene (ethene) is get converted into saturated alkane (ethane) by the process of reduction in the presence of
reducing agents like Pt/Pd/Ni etc.
P t/P d/N i
CH2 = CH2 (ethene) + H2 −−−−−−→ CH3 - CH3 (ethane)

(vi)Huckel rule states that a compound is said to be aromatic if it has (4n + 2) π electrons delocalized where n = an integer 0,
1, 2, 3, . . . .
(vii)The process by which carbon dioxide is removed from sodium acetate (or any sodium salt of acid) with the help of
sodalime is called decarboxylation.
CH3COONa+NaOHheat CH4+Na2CO3
⟶
32. a. The concentration ratio (concentration quotient) Qc for the reaction is:
[C H3 COOC2 H5 (l)][ H2 O(l)]
Qc =
[C H3 COOH(l)][ C2 H2 OH(l)]
C H3 C OOH(l)+ C2 H5 OH(l) ⇌ C H3 C OO C2 H2 (l)+ H2 O(l)
I nitial molar conc. 1.0 mol 0.18 mol 0 0

b.
M olar conc. at (1 − 0.171) (0.18 − 0.171) 0.171 mol 0.171 mol
equilibrium po int = 0.829 mol = 0.009
Applying Law of Chemical equilibrium

[C H3 COOC2 H3 ](l)[ H2 O(l)]
Kc =
[C H3 COOH](l)[ C2 H3 OH(l)]
(0.171 mol)×(0.171 mol)

= = 3.92
(0.829 mol)(0.009 mol)
Therefore, the equilibrium constant is 3.92.

C H3 C OOH(l)+ C2 H5 OH(l) ⇌ C H3 C OO C2 H5 (l) + H2 O(l)
I nitial molar conc. 1.0 mol 0.5 mol 0.214 0.214mol

c.
M olar conc. at 1.0 − 0.214 0.5 − 0.214
equilibrium = 0.786 = 0.286 mol

[C H3 COOC2 H5 (l)][ H2 O(l)]
Qc =
[C H3 COOH(l)][ C2 H2 OH(l)]
(0.214mol)×(0.214 mol)
= = 0.204
(0.286 mol)(0.786 mol)
Since Qc value 0.204 is less than Kc, value 3.92 this means that the equilibrium has not been reached. The reactants are still
taking part in the reaction to form the products.
OR
C6H5NH2 + H2O ⇌ C +
6 H5 NH 3 + OH-
+ −
[C6 H5 NH ][OH ]
3
Kb =
[ C6 H5 NH 2 ]
− 2
[OH ]
=
[ C6 H5 NH 2 ]
−−−−−−−−−−−−−−− −
[OH-] = √K
−−−− − −10
√4.27 × 10
b ⋅ C = × 0.001
[OH-] = 6.534 × 10-7

pOH = -log[OH-] = -log[6.534 × 10-7]
pOH = -0.8152 + 7 = 6.18
From, pH + pOH = 14
pH = 14 - 6.18 = 7.82
Page 11 of 12
Kb =
Cα⋅Cα
[(1 − α) ≈ 1 for weak base]
C(1−α)
−
−−
Kb
Kb = C α = α = √
2
Degree of ionisation,
−−−−−−−
= 6.53 × 10-4
−10
4.27×10
α = √
0.001
Ka of conjugate acid of aniline,

Kw
Ka =
Kb
= 2.34 × 10-5
−14
10
=
−10
4.27×10
33. Answer:
(i) i. 1 M of 10 mL H2SO4 = 1 M of 20 mL NH3
100 mL of 1 M ammonia contains nitrogen = 14 g
14×20
20mL of 1 M ammonia will contain nitrogen = g
1000
∴ Percentage of nitrogen = 14×20×100
1000×0.5
= 56.0%
+ + +
ii. Hyperconjugation interaction in (C H 3 )3 C is greater than in C H 3 C H2 as the (C H

3 )3 C has nine C-H bonds. In
+
C H3 , vacant p orbital is perpendicular to the plane in which C-H bonds lie; hence cannot overlap with it. Thus,
+ + + +
C H3 lacks hyperconjugative stability. Therefore, (C H 3

)3 C is more stable than C H 3
C H2 and C H is the least
3
stable cation.
OR
i. Carbon tetrachloride contains chlorine but it is bonded to carbon by covalent bond. Hence, it is not in ionic form.
So, it does not combine with AgNO3 solution.
Therefore, CCl4 does not give white precipitate with silver nitrate solution.
CCl4 + AgNO3 →No reaction.
ii. i. Functional groups are -NH2 (amino), -OMe (methoxy) and -CHO (aldehydic)
ii. Carbon-carbon double bond, -NO2 (nitro) and -COOH (carboxylic)
iii. -CO- (keto), -COCl (acylchloride)
O
| | ||
iv. −C = C − ((carbon-carbon double bond), −C − N H (acitamide). 2
Page 12 of 12
Subject - Chemistry

Section A
1. A person is suffering with fever with a high temperature of 104 °F. What will be his body temperature in °C? [1]
a) 32.38 °C b) 28 .10 °C
c) 18.68 °C d) 40 °C
2. In an atom, the maximum number of electrons in an orbit / principal energy level n is [1]
a) 2n2 b) 2n
c) 2n-1 d) n2
3. What is the change in the energy of system if 500 cal of heat energy are added to a system and system does 350 [1]
cal of work on the surroundings?
a) +850 cal b) -150 cal
c) +150 cal d) -850 cal

4. Cathode rays or cathode ray particles are: [1]
a) neutrons b) protons
c) electrons d) muons
5. Suppose that 1.00 kJ of heat is transferred to 2.00 mol argon (at 298 K, 1 atm). What will the final temperature [1]
Tf be if the heat is transferred at constant pressure?
a) 301 K b) 335 K
c) 322 K d) 376 K
6. An atom of an element contains 29 electrons and 35 neutrons. The number of protons are: [1]
Page 1 of 12
a) 35 b) 32
c) 30 d) 29
7. Chlorine, bromine, and iodine when combined with oxygen, have oxidation numbers: [1]
a) +1 or any positive number b) -1 or any negative number
c) -2 d) -1
8. The following compounds do not show ketoenol tautomerism, except: [1]
a) b)
c) d)
9. The number of alkynes possible with molecular formula C5H8 is: [1]
a) 5 b) 4
c) 2 d) 3
10. The correct order for the decrease in atomic radii is [1]
a) Li< Be< B< C b) Li> Be> B> C
c) C< Li< Be< B d) Be< B> C< Li

11. On the basis of thermochemical equations (A), (B) and (C), find out which of the algebraic relationships given in [1]
options (i) to (iv) is correct:
A. C(graphite) + O2(g) → CO2(g); △ rH = x KJ mol-1
B. C(graphite) + = y KJ mol-1
1
O2 (g) → C O(g); Δr H
2
C. C O(g) +
1 −1
O2 (g) → C O2 (g); Δr H = zkJ mol
2
a) x = y + z b) y = 2z – x
c) z = x + y d) x = y – z
12. The hydrocarbon which can react with sodium in liquid ammonia is________. [1]
a) CH3CH=CHCH3 b) C H3 C H2 C ≡ CH
c) CH 3 C H2 C H2 C ≡ CC H2 C H2 C H3 d) C H3 C H2 C ≡ CC H2 C H3
13. Assertion (A): Same number of electron pairs are present in resonance structures. [1]
Reason (R): Resonance structures differ in the location of electrons around the constituent atoms.
14. Assertion (A): The presence of Ag+ enhances the solubility of alkenes in water. [1]
Reason (R): Alkenes are weakly polar in nature.
Page 2 of 12

15. Assertion (A): Hydrogen atom has only one electron in its orbit. But it produces several spectral lines. [1]
Reason (R): There are many excited energy levels available.

16. Assertion (A): Each side of a cube is measured to be 7.203 m. What is the volume of the cube to appropriate [1]
significant figure 373.7m3.
Reason (R): The mass of one mole of a substance in grams is called its average atomic mass.

Section B
17. The pH of a sample of vinegar is 3.76. Calculate the concentration of hydrogen ion in it. [2]
18. i. How do the electronic configurations of the elements with Z = 107-109 differ from one another? [2]
ii. Rn (Z = 86) is the last noble gas discovered. Predict what will be the atomic number of the next noble gas to
be discovered. Write its symbol.
19. What will be the mass of one 12C atom in g? [2]

20. Hydrocarbon A (molecular formula is C5H8) gave a white precipitate with ammoniacal silver nitrate. Oxidation [2]
of A with hot alkaline KMnO4 gave 2-methyl propanoic acid. What is the structural formula of A?
OR
Write a short note on hydrogenation of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons.
21. What kind of information about an electron in an atom is obtained from its wave function? [2]
Section C
22. On the basis of VSEPR theory, predict the shapes of the following [3]
i. NH −
2
ii. O3
23. Answer: [3]

(a) The fact that the enthalpy is a state function forms the basis of a very useful law. Name the law. [1]
(b) Two liters of an ideal gas at a pressure of 10 atm expands isothermally at 25 °C into a vacuum until its [1]
total volume is 10 liters. How much heat is absorbed and how much work is done in the expansion?
(c) A sample of 1.0 mole of a monoatomic ideal gas is taken through a cyclic process of expansion and [1]
compression as shown in the figure. What will be the value ofΔH for the cycle as a whole?
Page 3 of 12
24. 1 mole of an ideal gas undergoes reversible isothermal expansion from an initial volume of V1 to a final volume [3]
of 10 V1 and does 10 kJ of work. The initial pressure was 1 × 107 Pa.
i. Calculate V1.
ii. If there were 2 moles of gas what must its temperature have been?
25. Consider the reactions : [3]
a. 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(I) ⟶ C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(g)
b. O3(g) + H2O2(I) ⟶ H2O(I) + 2O2(g)
Why it is more appropriate to write these reactions as :

a. 6CO2 + 12H2O(I) ⟶ C6H12O6(aq) + 6H2O(I) + 6O2(g)
b. O3(g) + H2O2(I) ⟶ H2O(I) + O2(g) + O2(g)
Also suggest a technique to investigate the path of the above (a) and (b) redox reactions.
2 4
26. In a hydrogen atom, the energy of an electron in first Bohr's orbit is En = -

2π
2
me
2
. [3]
n h
What is the energy required for its excitation to Bohr's second orbit?
27. Describe the theory associated with the radius of an atom as it: [3]
a. gains an electron
b. loses an electron
28. i. Calculate the gram molecular mass of sugar having molecular formula C12H22O11. [3]
ii. Calculate
a. The mass of 0.5 g molecule of sugar and
b. Gram molecule of sugar in 547.2 g.
Section D
IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) system of nomenclature. Common names are
useful and in many cases indispensable, particularly when the alternative systematic names are lengthy and
complicated. A systematic name of an organic compound is generally derived by identifying the parent
hydrocarbon and the functional group(s) attached to it. By using prefixes and suffixes, the parent name can be
modified to obtain the actual name. In a branched-chain compound, small chains of carbon atoms are attached at
one or more carbon atoms of the parent chain. The small carbon chains (branches) are called alkyl groups. An
alkyl group is derived from a saturated hydrocarbon by removing a hydrogen atom from carbon. Abbreviations
are used for some alkyl groups. For example, methyl is abbreviated as Me, ethyl as Et, propyl as Pr and butyl as
Bu.
i. Draw the structure of 3-Ethyl-4,4-dimethylheptane. (1)
ii. How is the numbering in branched chain hydrocarbon done? (1)
iii. Derive the structure of 2-Chlorohexane. (2)
OR
Why CH4 after becoming-CH3 called a methyl group? (2)
The ionic character of metallic halides tends toward covalent nature as per Fajan's rule. Such covalent halides
behave as non-metal in their higher oxidation states. The property to hydrolyse to give oxy-acids of the element
Page 4 of 12
and corresponding hydro halogen acid for most non-metallic elements proceeds exceptionally in the way,
keeping oxidation number of element and halide sam in oxo-acids.
Non-polar halides are immiscible in water, as they do not show hydrolysis, but halides of some elements with
empty d-orbital undergo hydrolysis. Stability of halides of the higher state is governed by the inert-pair effect.
i. How does halide undergo hydrolysis to give oxy-acids of underlined element PCl3? (1)
ii. Out of NCl3 and BCl3 undergoes hydrolysis to form oxy-acids? Write the chemical reaction for the correct
answer. (1)
iii. Out of PbCl4, PbF4, PbI4 and PbBr4 which one doesn't exist? (2)
OR
Non-Polar halides are immiscible in water. Why? (2)
Section E
(a) Why does the iodination of benzene is carried out in the presence of nitric acid or iodic acid? [1]
(b) Can a catalyst change the position of equilibrium in a reaction? [1]
(c) Why is benzene extraordinarily stable though it contains three double bonds? [1]
(d) Bring out the following conversion ethane to ethene. [1]
(e) Why are alkanes called paraffins? [1]
(f) Draw the New man’s projection formula of the staggered form of 1,2-dichloroethane. [1]
(g) Give the IUPAC name of the lowest molecular weight alkane that contains a quaternary carbon. [1]
32. Reaction between N2 and O2- takes place as follows: [5]
2N2 (g) + O3 (g) ⇌ 2N2 O(g)
If a mixture of 0.482 mol of N2 and 0.933 mol of O2 is placed in a 10 L reaction vessel and allowed to form
N2O at a temperature for which K c = 2.0 × 10
−37
determines the composition of the equilibrium mixture.
OR
At 1127 K and 1 atmosphere pressure, a gaseous mixture of CO and CO2 in equilibrium with solid carbon has
90.55% CO by mass.
C (s) + C O2 (g) ⇌ 2C O(g)
Calculate Kc for the reaction at the above temperature.
33. Answer: [5]

(a) i. What is the general molecular formula of saturated monohydric alcohols? [2.5]
ii. Write structural formulae for compounds named as- [2.5]
a. 1-Bromoheptane
b. 5-Bromoheptanoic acid
OR
i. What are electrophiles and nucleophiles? Explain with examples. [2.5]
ii. Derive the structure of 3 – Nitrocyclohexene. [2.5]
Page 5 of 12
Solution
Section A
1.
(d) 40 °C
Explanation: 104°F − 32) × 5/9 = 40°C
2. (a) 2n2
Explanation: Since the maximum number of electrons in each orbital is 2, the maximum number of electrons in an entire
quantum level is 2n2.
3.
(c) +150 cal
Explanation: According to the first law of thermodynamics,
ΔE = q + W = 500 + (-350) = +150 cal
4.
(c) electrons
Explanation: Cathode rays - In 1897, British physicist J. J. Thomson showed the rays were composed of a previously
unknown negatively charged particle, which was later named the electron.
5.
(c) 322 K
Explanation: Argon is monoatomic, Here, C p =
5
2
R=
5
2
× 8.314J K
−1 −1
mo l = 20.79J K
−1 −1
mo l
As pressure is kept constant, qp = nCp ΔT
−1 −1
⇒ 1000J = (2.00mol) × (20.79J K mo l ) × ΔT
⇒ ΔT = 24.05K
⇒ Tf = 298 + 24.05 = 322.05K
6.
(d) 29
Explanation: In an atom no. of protons = no. of electrons i.e. P = E while this is not true in case of ions.
So the number of protons in the given atom is 29.
7. (a) +1 or any positive number
Explanation:
This is according to the rules of assigning oxidation numbers i.e., Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine have positive oxidation numbers
when combined with oxygen, for example in oxoacids and oxoanions.
8.
(b)
Explanation:
For keto-enol tautomerism, a compound must have at least one acidic α -hydrogen. So acetophenone (A) shows tautomerism.
Benzaldehyde (B) and benzophenone (C) do not show tautomerism due to lack of α -hydrogen. p-Benzoquinone (D) contains
α -hydrogens but they are not acidic because they are present on a double bond. Therefore, it does not show keto-
enol tautomerism.
p-Benzoquinone
Page 6 of 12
9.
(d) 3
Explanation:
10. (a) Li< Be< B< C

Explanation: In a period moving from left to right, the effective nuclear charge increases because the next electron fills in the
same shell. So the atomic size decreases.
11. (a) x = y + z
Explanation: We have, C(graphite) + O2(g) → CO2(g); △ rH = x KJ mol -1 ..... (1)
C(graphite) + 1
2
O2 (g) → C O(g); Δr H = ykJ mo l
−1
.... (2)
Subtacting (1) and (2), we get;
C O(g) +
1
2
O2 (g) → C O2 (g) ;△ rH = (x-y) kJmol-1
∴ z=x-y⇒x=y+z
12.
(b) CH CH C ≡ CH
3 2
Explanation: Terminal alkynes react with Na in the presence of liquid NH3 to form higher alkynes. The alkyne contains acidic
H at the end (i.e. the H bonded to C1 of the chain). Therefore, it is easily replaced with highly electropositive metals such as
Na in liquid ammonia, to form sodium alkaline ion which can react further in the presence of a suitable catalyst to yield higher
alkynes/hydrocarbons.
Explanation: In resonance the structures differ only in location of electrons around the constituent atoms, that is why these
have same number of electron pairs, and also unpaired electrons are same.
14.
Explanation: Ag+ coordinates with the alkene by pπ − dπ bonding giving an ion and the solubility increases.
Explanation: A → Different lines correspond to different transitions.
B → Different transitions are due to different excited states available.
16.
Explanation: Side of a cube = 7.203m = (7.203)3
= 373.714m3
∴ Volume of a cube = 373.7m3
The mass of one mole of a substance in grams is called its molar mass. The molar mass in grams is numerically equal to
atomic/molecular/formula mass in u.
Section B
17. We know that, pH = -log[H+] or log [H+] = -pH = -3.76 = 4.24 Before taking antilog, add -1 in the characteristic (-3) and +1 in
¯
¯¯
mantissa (0.76), i.e. (-3.76-1 +1 =4.24 )]

+ ¯
¯¯ −4 −4
∴ [H ] = Anti log 4.24 = 1.738 × 10 M = 1.74 × 10 M
Atomic Electronic Number Group
Page 7 of 12
Number configuration of Number
of electrons
element in 6d
18. i. (Z) orbital
[Rn] 5s14 6d5

107 5 7
7s2
[Rn] 5s14 6d6

108 6 8
7s2
[Rn] 5s14 6d7

109 7 9
7s2
It is clear that these elements differ in the number of electrons in the 6d-subshell and group number in periodic table.
ii. 118, Uuo
19. Since,
the number of atoms in 1 mol of 12C atoms = 6.022 × 1023 atoms = Atomic mass of carbon - 12 in gms. = 12 g
Thus, 6.0022 × 1023 atoms of 12C have mass = 12 g
∴ 1 atom of 12C will have mass = 12
23
g
6.022×10
= 1.9927 × 10-23 g
20. White precipitate indicates that the triple bond is present at terminal position. The compound (A) is 3-methyl-1-butyne. It will
oxidised in the presence of hot alkaline KMnO4 to give 2-Methylpropanoic acid.
Therefore, the structural formula of A is
OR
When unsaturated compounds, i.e. alkenes or alkynes, are treated with dihydrogen in the presence of finely divided catalysts (i.e.
Pt, Pd or Ni), alkanes are obtained and the reaction is called hydrogenation reaction. As represented in the following reaction
where ethene is converted into ethane.
Pt∖Pd∖Ni
eg CH2 = CH2 + H2 −−−−−→ CH3 − CH3

Ethene Ethane
21. The square of the amplitude of the electron wave, i.e, Ψ at any point gives the probability of finding an electron at that point.
2
since the region around the nucleus which represents the electron density at different points is called an orbital, hence the wave
function for an electron in an atom is called orbital wave function.
Section C
22. i. Shape of NH −
Number of valence electrons on central N atom = 5 + 1 (due to one unit negative charge) = 6 Number of atoms linked to it = 2
∴ Total number of electron pairs around
6+2
N= 2
= 4 and number of bond pairs = 2 ion is of the type AB2 E2.
Hence, it has bent shape (V-shape).
ii. Shape of O3
While predicting geometry of molecules containing the double (or multiple) bond is considered as one electron pair. e.g. in
case of ozone, its two resonating structures are
Thus, the central O-atom is considered to have two bond pairs and one lone pair, i.e. it is of the type AB2E.
Page 8 of 12
Hence, it is a bent molecule. Thus, the two resonating structures will be
23. Answer:
(i) The name of the law is Hess's law of heat summation.
(ii) We have q = – w = pex (10 – 2) = 0(8) = 0 No work is done; no heat is absorbed.
(iii)According to the question, 1 mole of a mono atomic ideal gas is taken through a cyclic process of expansion and
compression.
ΔH for a cyclic process is zero because enthalpy change is a state function.

24. According to the question, n = 1, Initial volume = V1, final volume = 10 V1, W = 10 kJ, p = 1 × 107 Pa.
V2
i. W = −2.303nRT log V1
10V1
3
10 × 10 J = −2.303 × 1 × 8.314 × T × log
V1
⇒ T = 522.3 K
For initial conditions, p 1 V1 = n1 RT
7
⇒(10 ) V1 = 1 × 8.314 × 522.3
−4 3
⇒ V1 = 4.342 × 10 m
2 3
= 4.342 × 10 cm
= 434.2 cm3
ii. If there were 2 moles of the gas, applying p1V1 = n1RT, we get
7 −4
(10 ) (4.342 × 10 ) = 2 × 8.314 × T
⇒ T = 261.1 K
25. It is believed that the photosynthesis reaction occurs in two steps. In the first step, H2O decomposes to give H2 and O2 in the
presence of chlorophyll and the H2 produced reduces CO2, to C6H12O6 in the second step. During the second step, some H2O
molecules are also produced and therefore, the reaction occurs as:
a. i. 12H2O (I) ⟶ 12H2(g) + 6O2 (g)
ii. 6CO2(g) + 12H2(g) ⟶ C6H12O6 (s) + 6H2O(I)
iii. 6CO2(g) + 12H2O(I) ⟶ C6H12O6 (s) + 6H2O(I) + 6O2(g)
Therefore, it is more appropriate to write the reaction for photosynthesis as (III) because it means that 12 molecules of H2O
are used per molecule of carbohydrate and 6H2O molecules are produced per molecule of carbohydrate during the process.
b. O2 is written two times in the product which suggests that 0, is being obtained from the two reactants as:
O3 (g) ⟶ O2(g) + O (g)
H2 O2 (l)+O(g)⟶H2 O(l)+ O2 (g)
O3 (g)+ H2 O2 (l)⟶H2 O(l)+ O2 (g)+ O2 (g)
The path of the reaction can be studied by using H2O18 in reaction (a) or by using H2O18 or O318 in reaction (b).
26. The expression for the energy of hydrogen of an electron is:

2 4
2π me
En = - 2 2
n h
= - 13.12 × 105 J mol-1

2 4
When n = 1, E1 = - 2π me
2 2
(1) h
J mol-1
2 4 5
When n = 2, E2 = - − 2π me
2 2
=- 13.12×10
4
(2) h
= - 3.28 × 105 J mol-1
Page 9 of 12
The energy required for the excitation is:
Δ E = E2 - E1 = (-3.28 × 105) - (-13.12 × 105 ) = 9.84 × 105 J mol-1
27. a. When an atom gains an electron, it forms an anion. The size of an anion is larger than that of the parent atom because the
addition of one or more electrons results in increased repulsion among electrons and a decrease in effective nuclear charge.
For example the ionic radius of fluoride ion (F-) is 136 pm whereas the atomic radius of Fluorine (F) is only 64 pm.
b. When an atom loses an electron, it forms a cation. A cation is smaller than its parent atom because it has lesser electrons while
its nuclear charge remains the same. This implies that the valence electrons are more tightly held towards the nucleus thereby
reducing the size. For example, the atomic radius of sodium (Na) is 186 pm and atomic radius of sodium ion (Na+) = 95 pm.
28. i. Molecular mass of sugar (C12H22O11) = 12 × atomic mass of C + 22 × atomic mass of H + 11 × atomic mass of O = 12 ×
12 + 22 × 1 + 11× 16 = 342 g
ii. a. Since, 1 gram molecule of sugar = 342 g ( Molecular Mass of Sugar,C12H22O11=342 g)
∴ 0.5 gram molecule of sugar = 342× 0.5 = 171 g
b. Since, 342 g of sugar = 1 gram molecule ( Molecular Mass of sugar, C12H22O11 =342 g)
547.2 g of sugar = 1
342
× 547.2 = 1.6 gram molecule
Section D
29. i.
ii. The numbering is done in such a way that the branched carbon atoms get the lowest possible numbers.
iii. ‘Hexane’ indicates the presence of 6 carbon atoms in the chain. The functional group chloro is present at carbon 2. Hence, the
structure of the compound is CH2CH2CH2CH2CH(Cl)CH3.
OR
CH4 after becoming-CH3 called a methyl group because an alkyl group is named by substituting ‘yl’ for ‘ane’ in the
corresponding alkane.
30. i. PCl3 + 3H2O → H3PO3 + 3HCl
ii. BCl3 undergoes hydrolysis to form oxy-acids. The chemical reaction is as follows:
BCl3 + 3H2O → H3BO3 + 3HCl
iii. PBI4 doesn't exist because Pb4+ is strong oxidant, where as I- is strong reductant.
OR
The non-polar halides are immiscible in water because it doesn't show hydrolysis but halides of some element with empty d-
orbital undergo hydrolysis.
Section E
(i) The iodination of benzene is usually brought about by refluxing benzene with iodine and conc. HNO3 or HIO3.
HNO3 or HIO3 oxidises HI to I2 and prevents the backward reaction to occur.
(ii) A catalyst speeds up the forward and back reaction to the same extent. Because adding a catalyst doesn't affect the
relative rates of the two reactions, a catalyst cannot change the position of equilibrium in a chemical reaction
(iii)Due to resonance, benzene is extraordinarily stable.
I2 /HNO 3 KOH(alc.)
(iv)CH
3 CH3 −−−−−→ CH3 CH2 I −−−−−−→ CH2 = CH2
Ethane −HI Ethyle iodide Ethene
(v) Paraffins means little affinity. Alkanes due to strong C-C and C-H bonds are relatively chemically inert.
Page 10 of 12
(vi)New man’s projection formula of staggered form of 1,2-dichloroethane:
(vii)IUPAC name of the lowest molecular weight alkane that contains a quaternary carbon is 2,2 -dimethyl propane.
Structure:
32. Let x moles of N2(g) take part in the reaction. According to the equation, x/2 moles of O2- (g) will react to form r moles of
N2O(g).
2N2 (g) + O2 (g) ⇌ 2N2 O(g)
Initial conc. (Mol/L) [N2] = 0.482
10
[O2-] = 0.933
10
x
0.933−
0.482−x
At equilibrium point: 10 10
2 x
10
The value of the equilibrium constant (2.0 × 10 ) is extremely small. This means that only small amounts of reactants have
−37
reacted. Therefore, x is extremely small and can be omitted as far as the reactants are concerned.
2
[ N2 O(g)]
Applying Law of Chemical Equilibrium K c =
2 2
[ N2 (g)] [ O2 (g)]
2
x
( )
2
−37 10 0.01x
2.0 × 10 = =
2 −4
0.482 0.933 2.1676×10
( ) ×( )
10 10
x
2
= 43.352 × 10
−40
or x = 6.6 × 10 −20
As x is extremely small, it can be neglected.

Thus, in the equilibrium mixture
Molar conc. of N2 = 0.0482 mol L-1
Molar conc. of O2 = 0.0933 mol L-1

Molar conc. of N2O = 0.1 × x = 0.1 × 6.6 × 10 −20
mol L
−1
−21 −2
= 6.6 × 10 mol L
OR
Let the total mass of the gaseous mixture be 100g.
Mass of CO = 90.55g
And, mass of CO2 = (100 - 90.55) = 9.45g
Now, number of moles of CO,
90.55
n =
CO = 3.234 mol
28
Number of moles of CO2,

9.45
n =
CO2 = 0.215 mol
44
Partial pressure of CO,

n
PCO = × Ptotal
CO
nCO + nCO
2
3.234
= 3.234+0.215
× 1
= 0.938 atm
Page 11 of 12
Partial pressure of CO2,
n
CO2
pCO = × ptotal
2 nc o + n
CO
2
= 0.215
3.234+0.215
× 1
= 0.062 atm
2
[CO]
Therefore, Kp =
[ CO2 ]
2
(0.938)
= 0.062
= 14.19
For the given reaction, Δn = 2 - 1 = 1
We know that
Kp = Kc(RT)Δ n
⇒ 14.19 = Kc(0.082 × 1127)
⇒ Kc = 14.19
0.082×1127
= 0.154(approximately)
33. Answer:
(i) i. Monohydric alcohols are the compounds derived from an alkane by replacing one H by - OH group.
Example:
replacing H with OH
CH4 −−−−−−−−−−−−→ CH3 − OH

Methane Methanol

ii. i. Structural formula of 1-Bromoheptane:
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2Br
ii. Structural formula of 5-Bromoheptanoic acid:
CH3-CH2-CH(Br)-CH2-CH2-CH2-COOH
OR
i. Electrophiles: The name electrophiles means electron loving. Electrophiles are electron defficient. They may be
positive ions or neutral molecules.
Ex: H , Cl , Br , NO , R C , RN , AlCl , BF
+ + + +
2 3
+ +
2 3 3
Nucleophiles: The name nucleophiles means 'nucleus loving' and indicates that it attacks the region of low electron
density (positive centres) in a subtracts molecule. They are electron rich they may be negative ions or neutral
molecules.
Ex: Cl , Br , CN , OH , RCH , NH , RNH , H O, ROH etc.
− − − − −
2 3 2 2
ii. A six-membered ring containing a carbon – carbon double bond is called as cyclohexene.
Now giving numbers to the carbons:
Attach nitro group to 3rd carbon.

Hence the structure of 3 – Nitrocyclohexene is:
Page 12 of 12
Subject - Chemistry

Section A
1. A measured temperature on Fahrenheit scale is 200 °F. What will this reading be on Celsius scale? [1]
a) 93.3 °C b) 97.3 °C
c) 40 °C d) 30 °C
2. Elements with 4-7 valence electrons are referred to as [1]
a) inert gases b) transition metals
c) metals d) non-metals
3. Which of the following relationship is true? [1]
a) Cp = Cv b) Cp > Cv
c) Cp = Cv = 0 d) Cv > Cp
4. The product of the uncertainties of the exact position and exact momentum (or velocity) of an electron. The [1]
product of their uncertainties is always
a) equal to or greater than h/3π b) equal to or greater than h/4π.
c) equal to or greater than h/2π d) equal to or greater than h/π
5. For the reaction at 298 K, 2A + B → C, ΔH = 400 kJ mol-1 and ΔS = 0.2 kJ K-1mol-1. At what temperature will [1]
the reaction become spontaneous considering ΔH and ΔS to be constant over the temperature range.
a) 3500 K b) 2000 K
c) 1500 K d) 2500 K
6. Among the following pairs of orbitals which orbital will experience the larger effective nuclear charge? (i) 2s [1]
Page 1 of 11
and 3s, (ii) 4d and 4f, (iii) 3d and 3p:
a) 4f, 3d, and 3s respectively b) 2s, 4d and 3p respectively
c) 2s, 4d and 3d respectively d) 4d, 3p and 2s respectively

7. Which of the following elements does not show disproportionation tendency? [1]
a) Br b) F
c) I d) Cl
8. Which of the following carbocation is most stable? [1]
a) (C H ⊕
b) ⊕
3 )3 C (C H3 )3 C C H2
c) C H d)
⊕ ⊕
3 C HC H2 C H3 C H3 C H2 C H2
9. When two hydrogen atoms in benzene are replaced by two similar or different monovalent atoms or groups, how [1]
many different position isomers are possible?
a) 6 b) 5
c) 2 d) 3
10. General electronic configuration of s-block elements is: [1]
a) 3s23p4 b) 6s24f3
c) 3d104s2 d) ns1-2
11. First law of thermodynamics is a restatement of: [1]
a) law of conservation of parity. b) law of conservation of energy.
c) law of conservation of mass. d) law of conservation of charge.

12. The treatment of CH3MgX with CH3C ≡ C - H gives ________. [1]
a) CH3 - CH = CH2 b) CH3C ≡ C - CH3
c) H3C-CH3 d) CH4
13. Assertion (A): Carbanion has an octet of electrons. [1]

Reason (R): In carbanion, carbon atom is sp3 hybridised.

14. Assertion (A): Phenanthrene is an aromatic compound. [1]
Reason (R): Phenanthrene has benzenoid structure.

15. Assertion (A): Cathode rays consist of negatively charged particles, called electrons. [1]
Reason (R): In the pesence of electrical/magnetic field, the behaviour of cathode rays is similar to the negatively
charged particles
Page 2 of 11

16. Assertion (A): Empirical formula of glucose is HCHO. [1]
Reason (R): Molecular formula of glucose will also be equal to HCHO.

Section B
17. What is meant by conjugate acid base pair? Find the conjugate acid/ base for the following species: [2]
HNO2, CN-, HClO4, F-, OH-, C O 2−
3
, S2-
18. The size of an atom can be expressed by three radii. Name them. Which of these given the highest, and the [2]
lowest value of the atomic radius of an element?
19. Convert 350C to oF & K. [2]
20. What happens when benzene is treated with an excess of [2]
in the presence of sunlight? Give chemical reaction.

OR
What are electrophilic substitution reactions?
21. What transition in the hydrogen spectrum would have the same wavelength as the Balmer transition n = 4 to n = [2]
2 of He+ spectrum?
Section C
o
22. The dipole moment of a molecule AB is 0.54 D and the bond distance is 1.41 A . Calculate the fractional change [3]
δ on A and B atom in AB molecule (electronic charge, e = 4.8 × 10-10 esu.

23. Answer: [3]
(a) If the combustion of 1 g of graphite produces 20.7 kJ of heat, what will be molar enthalpy change? [1]
Give the significance of the sign also.
(b) Define Heat capacity. [1]
(c) Given that ΔH = 0 for mixing of two gases. Explain whether the diffusion of these gases into each [1]
other in a closed container is a spontaneous process or not?
24. Give reason for the following: [3]
i. Neither q nor w is a state function but q + w is a state function.
ii. A real crystal has more entropy than an ideal crystal.
25. What are the oxidation number of the underlined H2S4O6 element and how do you rationalise your results? [3]
26. An element with mass number 81 contains 31.7% more neutrons as compared to protons. Assign the atomic [3]
symbol.
Page 3 of 11
27. What is screening or shielding effect? How does it influence the ionization enthalpy? [3]
28. Vitamin C is essential for the prevention of scurvy. Combustion of 0.2000g of vitamin C gives 0.2998g of CO2 [3]
and 0.819g of H2O. What is the empirical formula of vitamin C?
Section D
Once an organic compound is extracted from a natural source or synthesised in the laboratory, it is essential to
purify it. Various methods used for the purification of organic compounds are based on the nature of the
compound and the impurity present in it. Finally, the purity of a compound is ascertained by determining its
melting or boiling point. This is one of the most commonly used techniques for the purification of solid organic
compounds. In crystallisation Impurities, which impart colour to the solution are removed by adsorbing over
activated charcoal. In distillation Liquids having different boiling points vaporise at different temperatures. The
vapours are cooled and the liquids so formed are collected separately. Steam Distillation is applied to separate
substances which are steam volatile and are immiscible with water. Distillation under reduced pressure: This
method is used to purify liquids having very high boiling points.
i. Which method can be used to separate two compounds with different solubilities in a solvent?
ii. Distillation method is used to separate which type of substance?
iii. Which technique is used to separate aniline from aniline water mixture?
OR
Why chloroform and aniline are easily separated by the technique of distillation?
∗ ∗
∗ ∗ ∗

∗ ∗
∗ ∗ ∗
Bond order = 1
2
[bonding electrons - antibonding electrons]
OR
Page 4 of 11
Section E
(a) What happens to equilibrium constant when temperature increases for a reaction? [1]
(b) Suggest a route for the preparation of nitrobenzene starting from acetylene? [1]
(c) State Le chatelier’s principle. [1]
(d) Which type of isomerism is exhibited by but-1-yne and but-2-yne? [1]
(e) Write the IUPAC name given below: [1]
(f) What is a Lindlars’ catalyst? [1]

(g) Why are Alkenes called olefins? [1]
32. Write the expression for the equilibrium constant, Kc for each of the following reactions: [5]
a. 2NOCl (g) ⇌ 2NO (g) + Cl2 (g)

b. 2Cu(NO3)2 (s) ⇌ 2CuO (s) + 4NO2 (g) + O2 (g)
c. CH3COOC2H5(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ CH3COOH (aq) + C2H5OH (aq)
d. Fe3+ (aq) + 3OH– (aq) ⇌ Fe(OH)3 (s)

e. I2 (s) + 5F2 ⇌ 2IF5
OR
One of the reactions that take place in producing steel from iron ore is the reduction of iron (II) oxide by carbon
monoxide to give iron metal and CO2.
FeO(s) + CO(g) ⇌ Fe(s) + CO2(g); Kp = 0.265 atm at 1050 K

What is the equilibrium partial pressures of CO and CO2 at 1050 K if the initial pressures are: Pco = 1.4 atm and
PC O
2
= 0.80 atm?
33. Answer: [5]
(a) ⋅⋅ +
[2.5]
i. Draw the possible resonance structures for C H 3
− O − C H2 and predict which of the
⋅⋅
structures is more stable. Give reason for your answer.

ii. Name the common techniques used for purification of organic compounds. [2.5]
OR
i. Differentiate between the principle of estimation of nitrogen in an organic compound [2.5]
i. Dumas method
ii. Kjeldahl's method.
ii. Write the structural formula of [2.5]
i. o-ethylanisole,
ii. p-nitroaniline,
iii. 2, 3-dibromo-1-phenylpentane,
iv. 4-ethyl-1-fluoro-2-nitrobenzene
Page 5 of 11
Solution
Section A
1. (a) 93.3 °C
Explanation: 93.3, as
F= 9/5( degree C) + 32
200 = 9/5 (c ) +32
(200 -32) × 5 / 9 = C
C = 93.3
2.
(d) non-metals
Explanation: non-metals
3.
(b) Cp > Cv
Explanation: We know, Cp - Cv = R
Hence, Cp > Cv
4.
(b) equal to or greater than h/4π .
Explanation: The uncertainty principle says that we cannot measure the position (x) and the momentum (p) of a particle with
absolute precision. The more accurately we know one of these values, the less accurately we know the other. Multiplying
together the errors in the measurements of these values has to give a number greater than or equal to half of a constant called
"h-bar". This is equal to Planck's constant (usually written as h) divided by 2π .
h
Δx. Δp ≥
4π
5.
(b) 2000 K
Explanation: Gibbs free energy, ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
ΔH
At equilibrium ΔG = 0; then T= ΔS
= 2000K
Therefore, above 2000K, the reaction will be spontaneous.
6.
(b) 2s, 4d and 3p respectively
Explanation: Nuclear charge is defined as the net positive charge experienced by an electron in the orbital of a multi-electron
atom. The closer the orbital, the greater is the nuclear charge experienced by the electron (s) in it.
(i) 2s is closer to the nucleus than 3s.Hence 2s will experience larger effective nuclear charge.
(ii) 4d will experience greater nuclear charge than 4f since 4d is closer to the nucleus than 4f.
(iii) 3p will experience greater nuclear charge since it is closer to the nucleus than 3f because 3p is closer to nucleus than 3f.
7.
(b) F
Explanation: F (Fluorine) is most electronegative element so it always show -1 oxidation state.
⊕
8. (a) (C H 3 )3 C
Explanation: (C H ) C i.e. the tertiary carbocation is most stable. Alkyl groups directly attached to the positively charged
3 3
carbon stabilise the carbocations due to inductive and hyperconjugation effects.

9.
(d) 3
Page 6 of 11
Explanation: The three isomers will be ortho(i.e.1,2- or 1,4-disubstituted), meta(i.e.1,3- or 1,5-disubstituted) and para (1,4-
disubstituted).
10.
(d) ns1-2
Explanation: The elements of Group 1 (alkali metals) and Group 2 (alkaline earth metals) which have ns1 and ns2 outermost
electronic configuration belong to the s-Block Elements. The general electronic configuration of the valence shell for s-block
elements is ns1-2.
11.
(b) law of conservation of energy.
Explanation: It is a restatement of the law of conservation of energy.
It states that Thermodynamics is the branch of physical science that deals with the relations between heat and other forms of
energy (such as mechanical, electrical, or chemical energy) and by extension, of the relationships between all forms of energy.
12.
(d) CH4
Explanation: Terminal alkynes act as a nucleophile. The organometallic compound 'Grignard's reagent (R -Mg-X), therefore,
reacts to form alkane. Thus when CH3-Mg-Br is treated with CH3C ≡ CH we get CH4 as per the following equation:
CH3C ≡ CH - Mg - Br → CH3C ≡ C-Mg -Br + CH4
13.
Explanation: The carbanion has two extra electrons which are not bonded.
14.
Explanation: Phenanthrene is aromatic because it has 14π electrons and follows (4n + 2)π electron rule.
or 4n + 2 = 14
or 4n = 12 or, n = 3.
Explanation: Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
16.
Explanation: The molecular formula of glucose is C6H12O6
This is (HCHO)6
Therefore its empirical formula is HCHO.
Section B
17. An acid base pair which differs by a proton only (HA ⇌ A + H ) is known as conjugate acid-base pair.
− +
As, Base + H+ = conjugate acid. Therefore, Conjugate acid of CN-, OH-, CO32-, F- and S2- are : HCN, H2O, HC O −
3
, HF, HS-
respectively.
As, Acid - H+ = conjugate base. Therefore, Conjugate base of HNO2, HClO4 and OH- are NO2-, ClO4- and O2- respectively.
18. The atomic size are generally expressed in terms of the following radii covalent radius, metallic radius and Van der waal’s radius.
Van der waal’s radius > Metallic radius > covalent radius.
Vander waal's radius is greater than metallic radius and covalent radius because van der waal forces of attraction are weak and
therefore, the inter-nuclear distance in case of atoms held by van der waal forces are much larger than those between covalently
bonded atoms and metallic bond. On the other hand metallic bond is larger than covalent bond as metallic bond results from
partial attraction between the metal atoms and the mobile electrons constituting the metal while in Covalent bond there is
overlapping of two electron clouds which makes it samller than other two bonds.
19. Conversion of 350C to oF :
We know that, F =
9
5
∘
( C ) + 32
F =
9
5
(35) + 32 = 63 + 32 = 95oF
Page 7 of 11
Conversion of 350C to K:
We know that, K = oC + 273.15 = 35 + 273.15= 308.15K
20.
OR
Electrophilic substitution reaction: The reactions in which the functional group attached to a compound is replaced by an
electrophile.
The common electrophilic substitution reactions are nitration, halogenation, sulphonation, Friedel Craft’s alkylation and acylation
reactions in which attacking reagent is an electrophile.
21. By Rydberg Formula, Wave number v̄ = RZ ¯

¯ 2
(
1
2
−
1
2
¯¯
) and v̄ =
1
λ
n n
1 2
Where, R =Rydberg constant, Z = Atomic number.

For He+ spectrum (for Balmer transition)
2 1 1
¯
¯¯
v = R × (2) ( − )
2 2
2 4
3 3
¯
¯¯
v = R× 4 ×
16
=
4
R ...............................(i)
For H-spectrum,v̄ = R × 1 ¯
¯ 2
(
1
2
−
1
2
) .....(ii)
n n
1 2
Now, From (i) and (ii), we get.

3 1 1 3 1 1
R = R( − ) ⇒ = −
2 2 2 2
4 n n 4 n n
1 2 1 2
Hence, n1 =1 and n2 = 2. In H-spectrum, the transition from n=2 to n=1 have same wavelength as the Balmer transition from n = 3
to n = 2 of He+ spectrum.
Section C
22. Dipole moment, μ = q × r
μ = 0.54 ⇒ D = 0.54 × 10-18 state C cm
δ = 1.14 × 10-8 cm
= 0.38 × 10-10 stat
−18
0.54× 10 stat Ccm
∴ q =
−8
1.41× 10 cm
Change present
Now, fraction of charge = Electronic charge
−10
= 0.38×10
−10
= 0.08
4.8×10
= 0.08, δ = -0.08
∴ δA B
23. Answer:
(i) According to the question, the combustion of 1 g of graphite produces 20.7 kJ of heat.
The molar enthalpy change for the combustion of graphite, ΔH = enthalpy of combustion of 1 g graphite × molar mass
Δ H = - 20.7 kJ g-1 × 12 g mol -1
= - 2.48 × 102 kJ mol-1
Here, a negative sign indicates that the reaction is exothermic.
(ii) Heat capacity: The quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of one mole of substance by one degree Celsius is
known as heat capacity of that substance.
(iii)It is a spontaneous process because although ΔH = 0 , i.e., energy factor has no role to play but randomness increases,
i.e., randomness factor favours the process.
24. i. q + w = Δu
As Δu is a state function hence q + w is a stable function.
ii. A real crystal has some disorder due to the presence of defects in their structural arrangements whereas ideal crystal does not
have any disorder. Hence a real crystal has more entropy than ideal crystal.
25. In H2S4O6, let the oxidation number of S be x.
+1 x −2
H2 S 4 O 6
Page 8 of 11
2 (+1) + 4x + 6 (-2) = 0
4x = + 10 or = + = + 2.5
10
Let us consider the structure of H2S4O6

O O
|| 0 0 ||
+5
+5
H − O − S − S − S − S − OH
|| ||
O O
In H2S4O6 the oxidation number of each of two S-atoms which are linked with each of the other by a single bond (in the centre) is
zero and each of the remaining two S-atoms both side is +5. Hence, the oxidation number of 4 S-atoms in H2S4O6 is +5, 0, 0, and
+5 respectively.
26. We know that mass number of the element, A = p + n.
Given, A= 81
Therefore, p +n = 81 .....(1)
Let the number of protons, p =x
Then, the number of neutrons, n = x+ 31.7
100
x = 1.317x (As number of neutrons are 31.7% more than the protons.)
Hence, from or Eq. (i)
x+1.317 x = 81
or 2.317 x = 81
or x = = 34.958 = 35 .
81
2.317
Since atomic number = Number of protons.

Therefore, Atomic number of element = 35 (Bromine).
The symbol of an element = Br . 81
35
27. In a multielectron atom, the electrons present in the inner shells shield the electrons in the valence shell from the attraction of the
nucleus or they act as a screen between the nucleus and these electrons. This is known as shielding effect or screening effect. As
the screening effect increases, the effective nuclear charge decreases. Consequently, the force of attraction by the nucleus for the
valence shell electrons decreases and hence the ionization enthalpy decreases.
28. Since, Combustion of 0.2000g of vitamin C gives 0.2998g of CO2 and 0.819g of H2O.
Therefore, Percentage of carbon = 12
44
× 0.02998 ×
100
0.2
= 47.69
Percentage of Hydrogen= 2
18
× 0.0819 ×
100
0.2
= 4.55
Percentage of oxygen = 100 - (47.69) + 4.55 = 47.76
Relative no. Simplest molar
Element % Atomic Mass Simple whole number molar ratio
of atoms Ratio
C 47.69 12
47.69
12
= 3.97 3.97
2.98
= 1.33 4/3 = 8/6
H 4.55 1
4.55
1
= 4.55 4.55
2.98
= 1.5 3/2 = 9/6
O 47.76 16
47.76
15
= 2.98 2.98
298
=1 1
Therefore, Empirical formula = C1.33H1.5O = C 8 H 9 O1 = C8H9O6
6 6
Section D
29. i. Fractional crystallizationis used to separate two compounds with different solubilities in a solvent.
ii. volatile liquids from nonvolatile impurities.
the liquids having sufficient difference in their boiling points.
iii. Aniline is separated from aniline water mixture by steam distillation as one of the substances in the mixture is water and the
other, a water insoluble substance.
OR
Chloroform and aniline are easily separated by the technique of distillation because chloroform and aniline have sufficient
difference in their boiling points.
Page 9 of 11
OR
Section E
(i) Equilibrium constants gets changed if we change the temperature of the system.
For Exothermic reactions, if the temperature is increased, the equilibrium will shift to favour the reaction which
will decrease the temperature and the exothermic reaction is favoured.
For Endothermic reactions, if the temperature is increased, the equilibrium will shift to favour the reaction which
will reduce the temperature and the endothermic reaction is favoured.
(ii) Preparation of nitrobenzene from acetylene:
(iii)Le chatelier’s principle: If a system at equilibrium is subjected to change in the temperature, pressure or concentration
of the reactants or the products that govern the equilibrium, then the equilibrium shifts in that direction in which this
change is reduced or nullified.
(iv)Position isomerism.
(v)
(vi)Lindlar’s catalyst: Partially deactivated palladised charcoal is known as Lindlar’s catalyst.

Uses: Alkynes on partial reduction with calculated amount of dihydrogen in the presence of palladised charcoal partially
deactivated with poisons like sulphur compounds or quinoline give alkenes.
(vii)Alkenes are commonly known as olefins because the lower members form oily products on treatment with chlorine or
bromine.
2
[NO(g) ] [ Cl2 (g)]
32. a. The expression for the equilibrium constant is K c =
2
[NOCl(g)]
2 4
[CuO(g) ] [ NO 2 (g)] [ O2 (g)] 4
b. The expression for the equilibrium constant is K c =
2
= [NO 2 (g)] [O2 (g)]
[Cu( NO 3 ) (s)]
2
[ CH3 COOH(aq)][ C2 H5 OH(aq)] [ CH3 COOH(aq)][ C2 H5 OH(aq)]

c. The expression for the equilibrium constant is K c = =
[ CH3 COOC2 H5 (aq)][ H2 O(l)] [ CH3 COOC2 H5 (aq)]
[Fe(OH) (s)]
1
d. The expression for the equilibrium constant is K =
3
c =
3+ − 3 3+ − 3
[Fe (aq)][OH (aq)] [Fe (aq)][OH (aq)]
2 2
[ IF5 (l)] [ IF5 (l)]
e. The expression for the equilibrium constant is K c =
5
=
5
[ 12 (s)] [ F2 (g)] [ F2 (g)]
OR
pco2 (0.8 atm)

Qp = = = 0.571
pco (1.4 atm)
Since Qp > kp (0.265), this means that the reaction will move in the backward direction to attain the equilibrium. Therefore, the
partial pressure of CO2 will decrease while that of CO will increase so that the equilibrium may be attained again. Let p atm be
the decrease in the partial pressure of CO2. Therefore, the partial pressure of CO will increase by the same magnitude i.e. p atm.
PCO
2
= (0.8 - p) atm; P CO
(g) = (1.4 + p) atm
pco (0.8−p) atm (0.8−p)
At equilibrium K
2
p = = =
p (1.4+p) atm (1.4+p)
co
(0.8−p)
or 0.265 =
(1.4+p)
0.371 + 0.265 p = 0.8 - p or 1.265 p = 0.8 - 0.371 = 0.429

p = 0.429 / 1.265 = 0.339 atm
The equilibrium partial pressure of CO is (P CO )eq = (1.4 + 0.339) = 1.739 atm
The equilibrium partial pressure of CO2 is (P CO2 )eq = (0.8 - 0.339) = 0.461 atm
33. Answer:
(i)
Page 10 of 11
i. Two resonating structures can be of a given carbocation:
⋅⋅ +
In structure C H3 − O − C H2 , C H2 has +ve charge means octet is not completed, but in structure II,
⋅⋅
+
C H3 − O = C H2 both the carbon atoms and oxygen atom have an octet of electrons hence, it is more stable
structure.
ii. The common techniques used for purification are as follows :
i. Sublimation
ii. Crystallization
iii. Distillation
iv. Differential extraction and
v. Chromatography.
OR
i. (i) Dumas method: The organic compound is heated strongly with excess of CuO (Cupric oxide) in an atmosphere
of CO2 when free nitrogen, CO2 and H2O are obtained.
(ii) Kjeldahl's method: A known mass of the organic compound is heated strongly with conc. H2SO4 and a little
potassium sulphate and a little mercury (a catalyst). As a result of reaction the nitrogen present in the organic
compound is converted to ammonium sulphate.
ii. i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Page 11 of 11
Subject - Chemistry

Section A
1. Choose the most appropriate answer for the statement, "Rearrangement of atoms occurs whenever a chemical [1]
bond breaks or is formed, when
a) a chemical reaction takes place b) products appear,
c) catalysts are produced. d) reactants disappear

2. An electron has a [1]
a) negligible mass b) relative charge of -1
c) all of these d) the charge is opposite and equal to a proton

3. Which one is the correct unit for entropy? [1]
a) JK-1 mol b) kJ mol
c) JK-1 mol-1 d) KJ mol-1
4. According to quantum mechanics ψ (r) the wave function squared gives:

2
[1]
a) probability of finding a neutron b) probability density of finding an electron
c) probability of finding an electron d) probability density of finding a proton

5. In an open system, which of the following take place? [1]
a) The boundaries prevent the flow of matter b) The boundaries permit the flow of matter
into or out of it. into or out of it.
c) The boundaries prevent the flow of matter d) The boundaries prevent the flow of energy
but not of energy. into it.
Page 1 of 13
6. Usings s,p,d, and f notation, choose the orbital with n=4, l=3 quantum numbers. [1]
a) 4p b) 4d
c) 3d d) 4f
7. The oxidation state of iron in K4[Fe (CN)6] is: [1]
a) +2 b) 3
c) 1 d) 4
8. Sodium cyanide, sulphide, and halide, (-CN, -S, and -H, coming from the organic compound) formed on fusion [1]
with sodium are extracted from the fused mass by boiling it with distilled water. This is called:
a) Sodium fusion extract b) Sodium fusion ion extraction
c) Ion extract after sodium fusion d) Double distillate

9. Boiling point of alkanes are: [1]
a) is independent of branching. b) decreases with increase in molecular mass.
c) is independent of molecular mass. d) increases with increase in molecular mass.

10. According to Mendeleev’s periodic law, the physical and chemical properties of elements are a periodic function [1]
of their ________.
a) atomic radii b) atomic numbers
c) atomic masses d) empirical formulae

11. Select the incorrect expression from the following. [1]
a) ΔS total < 0 (spontaneous process) b) ΔG = ΔH - T ΔS
c) ΔS total = ΔS system + ΔS
surr d) ΔSsurr =
ΔHsu rr
=-
ΔHsys
T T
12. Which of the following will not show geometrical isomerism? [1]
a) b)
c) d)
13. Assertion (A): Energy of resonance hybrid is equal to the average of energies of all canonical forms. [1]
Reason (R): Resonance hybrid cannot be presented by a single structure.
explanation of A correct explanation of A.

14. Assertion (A): The octane number of branched chain hydrocarbon is higher than that of unbranched chain [1]
hydrocarbons.
Reason (R): The branched chain hydrocarbons are more volatile than unbranched chain hydrocarbons.
Page 2 of 13
15. Assertion (A): Line emission spectra help in the study of electronic configuration. [1]
Reason (R): Each element has a unique line emission spectrum.

16. Assertion (A): 1 g O2 and 1 g O3 have an equal number of atoms. [1]
Reason (R): Mass of 1-mole atom is equal to its gram atomic mass.

Section B
17. The solubility product of BaSO4 at 25oC is 1.0 × 10-9. What would be the concentration of H2SO4 necessary to [2]
precipitate BaSO4 from a solution of 0.01 M Ba2+ ions?

18. What is the basic theme of organisation in the periodic table? [2]
19. if 6.3 g of NaHCO3 are added to 15.0 g of CH3COOH solution, the residue is found to weigh 18.0 g. What is the [2]
mass of CO2 released in the reaction?

20. Write the chemical equation for combustion reaction of the following hydrocarbons: [2]
i. Butane
ii. Pentene
OR
Convert:
i. Ethane to butane
ii. Ethyne to methane
21. Discuss the similarities and differences between a 1s and s 2s orbital. [2]
Section C
22. Discuss the hybridisation of Be in gaseous state and solid state. [3]
23. Answer: [3]
(a) Heat capacity (Cp) is an extensive property but specific heat (C) is an intensive property. What will be [1]
the relation between Cp and C for 1 mole of water?

(b) Predict the sign of ΔS for the following reaction [1]
heat
CaCO3 (s) ⟶ CaO(s) + CO2 (g)
(c) What are the units of entropy? [1]

24. Using the data (all values are in kilocalories per mole at 25°C) given below, calculate the bond energy of C-C [3]
and C-H bonds.
ΔH
o
combustion (ethane) = -372.0
ΔH
o
combustion (propane) = -530.0
ΔH
o
for C (graphite) → C(g) = 172.0
Bond energy of H - H = 104.0
Page 3 of 13
Δf H
o
of H2O (l) = - 68.0
ΔH
o
for CO2(g) = - 94.0
25. Write formulas for the following compounds: [3]

i. Mercury (II) chloride
ii. Nickel (II) sulphate
iii. Tin (iv) oxide
iv. Thallium (I) sulphate
v. Iron (III) sulphate
vi. Chromium (III) oxide
26. What transition in a hydrogen spectrum would have the same wavelength Balmer transition n = 4 to n = 2 of [3]
¯
¯¯
v =
1
λ
= RHZ2 ( 1
2
−
1
2
) spectrum?
n n
1 2
27. Consider the ground state electronic configurations given below: [3]
i. 1s 2 2
2s 2p
6
ii. 1s 2 2
2s 2p
4
iii. 1s 2 2 6
2s 2p 3s
2
iv. 1s 2 2 6
2s 2p 3s
1
v. 1s 2 2
2s 2p
5
a. Which of the above configuration is associated with the lowest and which is associated with the highest
ionization enthalpy?
b. Arrange the above configurations in order of increasing negative electron gain enthalpy.
28. A crystalline salt, when heated, becomes anhydrous and losses 51.2 % of its weight. The anhydrous salt on [3]
analysis gave the percentage composition as Mg = 20.0 %, S = 26.66 % and O = 53.33 %.
Section D
charge.

OR
Page 4 of 13
∗ ∗
∗ ∗ ∗

∗ ∗
∗ ∗ ∗
Bond order = 1
2
[bonding electrons - antibonding electrons]
OR
Section E
(a) How will you distinguish between propene and propane? [1]
(b) The intermediate carbocation formed in the reactions of HI, HBr and HCl with propene is the same [1]
and the bond energy of HCl, HBr and HI is 430.5 kJ mol-1, 363.7 kJ mol-1 and 296.8 kJ mol-1
respectively. What will be the order of reactivity of these halogen acids?
(c) Explain why p-xylene has a higher melting point than the corresponding ortho or meta isomers. [1]
(d) Name the simplest alkyne. [1]
(e) What are cycloalkanes? [1]
(f) Out of CH3CH2CH2Cl and CH2 = CH - CH2 - Cl, which one is more reactive towards SN1 reaction? [1]
(g) Explain why alkynes are less reactive than alkenes towards addition of Br2. [1]
32. Calculate the pH of the resultant mixtures. [5]

a. 10 mL of 0.2 M Ca(OH)2 + 25 mL of 0.1 M HCl
b. 10 mL of 0.01 M H2SO4 + 10 mL of 0.01 M Ca(OH)2
c. 10 mL of 0.1 M H2SO4 + 10 mL of 0.1 M KOH
OR
The value of Kc = 4.24 at 800K for the reaction,
CO(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ CO2(g) + H2(g)
Calculate equilibrium concentrations of CO2, H2, CO, and H2O at 800 K, if only CO and H2O are present initially at
concentrations of 0.10M each.
Page 5 of 13
33. Answer: [5]
(a) i. i. CH3—CH2—CH2—CH2—OH [2.5]
ii. CH3 − C H2 − CH − C H3
|
OH
C H3
iii. C H 3
− C − C H3
|
OH
iv. C H 3 − CH − C H2 − OH
|
C H3
v. CH3—CH2 —O—CH2—CH
vi. CH3—O—CH2—CH2—CH3
vii. C H 3 − O − CH − C H3
|
C H3
Identify the pairs of compounds that represent chain isomerism.

ii. Which of the following represents the correct IUPAC name for the compounds concerned? [2.5]
a. 2, 2-Dimethylpentane or 2-Dimethylpentane
b. 2, 4, 7-Trimethyloctane or 2, 5, 7-Trimethyloctane
c. 2-Chloro-4-methylpentane or 4-Chloro-2-methylpentane
d. But-3-yn-1-ol or But-4-ol-1-yne.
OR
i. Write the IUPAC name of the compound from its given structure. [2.5]
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
C H3 − C H2 − C H − C H2 − C H2 − C H − C H2 − C H3
| C H3
OH
ii. An organic compound contains 69% carbon and 4.8% hydrogen, the remainder being [2.5]
oxygen. Calculate the masses of carbon dioxide and water produced when 0.20 g of this
compound is subjected to complete combustion.
Page 6 of 13
Solution
Section A
1. (a) a chemical reaction takes place
Explanation: In a chemical reaction there is simultaneous ,
* bond breaking of the reagents
* bond formation in products &
* rearrangement of atoms
resulting into appearance / yield of products .
2.
(c) all of these
Explanation: all of these
3.
(c) JK-1 mol-1
qrev
Explanation: As △ S = T
It is an extensive entropy, therefore, the SI unit of entropy change is Joule K-1 mol-1.
4.
(b) probability density of finding an electron
Explanation: Probability density of finding an electron at a point within an atom, it is possible to predict the region around the
nucleus where the electron can most probably be found.
ψ has no physical significance while ψ represents the probability density of finding an electron.
2 2
5.
(b) The boundaries permit the flow of matter into or out of it.
Explanation: In an open system, there is a flow of matter and energy in and out of the system or vice versa. For example, an
air compressor in which the air enters at low pressure and exit at high pressure and there is energy interaction with the
surrounding.
6.
(d) 4f
Explanation: Here n= principal quantum number, l= azimuthal quantum number. For n = 4 and l = 3 The orbital is 4f (can
have a maximum of 14 electrons).
7. (a) +2
Explanation: K4 [Fe(CN)6]
4(+1) + x + 6(-1) = 0
Hence x = +2
8. (a) Sodium fusion extract
Explanation: Nitrogen, sulphur, halogens, and phosphorus present in an organic compound are detected by “Lassaigne’s test”.
The elements present in the compound are converted from the covalent form into the ionic form by fusing the compound with
sodium metal. Cyanide, sulphide, and halide of sodium so formed on sodium fusion are extracted from the fused mass by
boiling it with distilled water. This extract is known as sodium fusion extract.
9.
(d) increases with increase in molecular mass.
Explanation: As molecular mass increases, the magnitude of Van der Waals forces of attraction increases and hence boiling
point increases accordingly.
10.
(c) atomic masses
Explanation: atomic masses
Page 7 of 13
11. (a) ΔS < 0 (spontaneous process)
total
Explanation: For spontaneous process, ΔS >0 total
T ΔS - ΔH
system > 0 - (ΔH
system - T ΔS system )>0
system
12.
(c)
Explanation: This is because geometrical isomerism is not possible if three groups are same.
13.
Explanation: Canonical structures always have more energy than a resonance hybrid. Resonance hybrids are always more
stable than any of the canonical structures. The delocalization of electrons lowers the orbitals' energy and gives stability.
14.
Explanation: Branched chain hydrocarbons produce less knocking.
15.
Explanation: Line emission spectra gives information about electronic configuration which is unique to element by virtue of
having that type of electronic arrangement.
16.
Explanation: Mass of 1 mole is its gram- atomic mass
1 mol of O2 → 2 atoms.
Therefore no. of atoms in 1g O2= 3/21×2×6.02×1023 = 6.02×1023/16
Similarly, no. of atoms in 1g O3 = 4/81×3×6.02×1023 = 6.02×1023/16

They have the same no. of atoms.
Section B
17. According to the question, the solubility product of BaSO4 at 25oC is 1.0 × 10-9.
Precipitation will take place when, ionic product > solubility product
Reaction:
2+ 2−
BaSO4 ⇌ Ba + SO
4
Ksp = [Ba 2+
] [ SO
2−
4
]
−9
1.0×10
∴ S= 0.01
= 10-7 mol/L
18. The basic theme of organisation of elements in the periodic table is to classify the elements in periods and groups according to
their properties. This systematic arrangement makes the study of elements and their compounds, simple to understand and easy to
interpert.
− +
19. NaHC03 + CH3 COOH → H 2O + CH3 C O ONa + CO2


Residue
Sum of the masses of reactants = 6.3 + 15 = 21.3 g

Sum of the masses of products = x + 18
Page 8 of 13
21.3 = x + 18; x = 21.3 - 18 = 3.3 g
Thus, the mass of the CO2 released is 3.3 g.
20. i. C 4 H10 (g) +

13
2
O2 (g) → 4CO2 (g) + 5H2 O(g)
Butane
15
ii. C5 H10 (g) +
2
O2 (g) → 5CO2 (g) + 5H2 O(g)
Pentene
OR
CI2 2Na, ether
i. CH 3 CH3 −−−−→ CH3 CH2 CI −−−−−−−−→ CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3

Ethane Sunlight Ethyle chloride Wurtz reaction Butane
+
H , H2 O [O] NaOH
ii. HC ≡ CH −−−−−→ CH 3 CHO −−−−−−−−→ CH3 COOH −−−→ CH3 COONa

Ethyne Ethanal + ↓NaOH, CaO
HgSO4 K2 Cr2 O7 , H
CH4
Methane
21. Similarities:
i. Both have a spherical shape.
ii. Both have same angular momentum
−−−−− −−
As it is = √1(1 + 1) h
2π
Differences
i. Is has no node while 2s has one node.
ii. Energy of 2s is greater than that of 1s.
Section C
22. In gaseous state at high temperature, BeCl2 exists as linear molecule, Cl - Be - Cl, thus the hybridisation of the central atoms is sp.
C I − Be − C I
Structure of BeCI in
gaseous state
In solid state, it has a polymeric structure with chlorine bridges as follows.
Two Cl-atoms are listed to be atom by two coordination bonns and two by covalent bonds.
For these bonds to be formed, Be in the excited state with the configuration 1s 2s 2p 2p 2p 2 1 1
x
0
y
0
z
undergoes sp3 hybridisation.

Two half-filled hybrid orbitals will form normal covalent bonds with two Cl-atom. The other two Cl-atoms are coordinated to Be-
atom by donating electron pairs into the empty hybrid orbitals.
23. Answer:
(i) We know that, Specific heat(C) of water is = 4.18 Jg-1K-1
Now, Heat capacity(Cp) of water is = 18 × C
= 18 × 4.18 JK-1
= 75.3 JK-1
(ii) ΔS is positive.
(iii)SI units of ΔS = JK-1 mol-1
24. We are given
7
i. C2H6(g) + 2
O2(g) → 2 CO2(g) + H2O; ΔH = -372.0 kcal o
ii. C3H8(g) + 5 O2(g) → 3 CO2(g) + 4 H2O; ΔH = -530.0 kcal o
iii. C(s) → C (g); ΔH = 172.0 kcal o
iv. H2(g) → 2 H(g); ΔH = 104.0 kcal o
1
v. H2(g) + 2
O2(g ) → H2O(l); ΔH = -68.0 kcal o
vi. C(g) + C2(g) → CO2(g); ΔH = -94.0 kcal o
Suppose the bond energy of C-C bond = x kcal mol-1 and that of C-H bond = y kcal mol-1. Then for C2H6 (g),
H H
| |
i.e. H − C − C − H → 2C(g) + 6H;

| |
H H
Page 9 of 13
Δ H = x + 6y ...(vii)
and for C3H8(g); i.e.
H H H
| | |
H − C − C − C − H → 3C(g) + 8H(g);
| | |
H H H
Δ H = 2x + 8y ...(viii)
To get Eq. (vii), operate Eq. (i) + 2 × Eq. (iii) + 3 × Eq. (iv) - 3 × Eq. (v) - 2 × Eq. (vi).
It gives ΔH = 676 kcal
It get Eq. (viii) operate Eq. (ii) + Eq. (iii) + 4 × Eq (iv)
-4 × Eq. (v) - 3 × Eq (vi)
It gives ΔH = 956 kcal
Thus, x + 6y = 676,
2x + 8y = 956
On solving these equations, we get
x = 82, y = 99
Hence, C-C bond energy = 82 kcal mol-1 and C-H
bond energy = 99 kcal mol-1
25. i. HgCI2
ii. NiSO4
iii. SnO2
iv. TI2SO4
v. Fe2(SO4)3
vi. Cr2O3
26. For an atom, v̄ = ¯

¯
1
λ
= RHZ2 ( 1
2
−
1
2
)
n n
1 2
For He+ spectrum : Z = 4,n2 = 4,n1 = 2

3RH
∴ For hydrogen spectrum: v̄ = ¯
¯
4
and Z = 1
1 1 1
¯¯
∴ v̄ = = RH × 1 ( − )
λ 2 2
n n
1 2
3RH
or R H (
1
2
−
1
2
) =
4
or 1
2
−
1
2
=
3
4
n m n n
1 2 1 2
This corresponding to n1 = 1,n2 = 2 and means that the transition has taken Lyman series from n = 2 to n = 1.
Thus, the transition is from n2 to n1 in case of hydrogen spectrum.
27. a. Lowest ionisation enthalpy = D

Highest ionisation enthalpy = A
b. Order of increasing negative electron gain enthalpy is:
A<C<D<B<E
Relative no. of
Element % of mass Atomic mass Simple molar ratio
28. moles element
20
Mg 20 24 24
= 0.8333 0.8333/ 0.8125 = 1.02 =1
26
S 26 32 32
= 0.8125 0.8125 / 0.8125 =1
53.33
O 53.33 16 16
= 3.333125 3.33125 / 0.8125 = 4.1 =4
Since, Mg : S : O = 1:1:4
Therefore, The empirical formula of the anhydrous salt = MgSO4.
Empirical formula mass = 1 × Mg + 1 × S +4 × O = 1 × 24 + 1 × 32 + 4 × 16 =24 + 32 + 64 =120.
Molecular mass = 120.
Now, n = Molecular Mass
= =1
Empirical f ormula Mass
120
120
Hence, molecular formula = n × (Empirical formula) = MgSO4.
Page 10 of 13
As crystalline salt on becoming anhydrous loses 51.2 % by mass, this means 48.8 g of anhydrous salt contain H2O = 51.2 g.
Therefore, 120 g of anhydrous salt contains = 51.2
48.8
× 120g = 126g =
126
18
molecules = 7H2 O
Hence, the molecular formula of crystalline salt = MgSO4.7H2O

Section D
skeleton.
OR
OR
Section E
(i) Pass them through dilute cold KMnO solution (purple) or Br2in CCl4 solution (rud). Propene will decolourise both the
4
solutions but propane does not react.

(ii) The bond dissociation enthalpy decreases in the order HCl > HBr > Hl, the order of reactivity of these halogen acids is
in the reverse order i.e., Hl > HBr > HCl.
(iii)The para isomer has a more symmetrical structure, allowing it to fit better into the crystal lattice than ortho or meta
isomer.
So, p-xylene has a higher melting point than the corresponding ortho or meta isomers.
(iv)Ethyne is the simplest alkyne. Formula of ethyne is C2H2.
Structure: H − C ≡ C − H
(v) Cycloalkanes: When carbon atoms form a closed chain or ring structures, they are known as cycloalkanes.
Example: Cyclohexane
(vi)CH2 = CH - CH2Cl
(vii)The triple bonds of alkynes, because of its high electron density, are easily attacked by electrophiles, but less reactive
than alkenes due to the compact C-C electron cloud. The three-membered ring bromonium ion formed from the alkyne
(A) has a full double bond causing it to be more stained and less stable than the one from the alkene (B),
Page 11 of 13
Also, the carbon’s of (A) that are part of the bromonium ion has more s-character than (B), further making (A) less
stable than (B).
32. a. 10 mL of 0.2 M C a(OH) 2 = 10 × 0.2 millimoles = 2 mmol of Ca(OH)2
25 mL of 0.1 M HCl = 25 × 0.1 mmol = 2.5 mmol of HCl
C a(OH )2 + 2HC l → C aC l2 + 2H2 O
0.1 mmol of Ca(OH)2 reacts with 2 mmol of HCl

∴ 2.5 mmol of HCl will react with 1.25 mmol of Ca(OH)2
∴ Ca(OH)2 left = 2 - 1.25 =0.75 mmol (HCl is the limiting reactant)
Total volume of the solution = 10 + 25 = 35 mL
∴ Molarity of Ca(OH)2 in the mixture solution = = 0.0214 M
0.75
M
35
∴ [O H
−1
] = 2 × 0.0214M = 0.0428 M = 4.28 × 10 −2
−2
pOH = − log(4.28 × 10 ) = 2 − 0.6314 = 1.3686 ≅1.37
∴ pH = 14 - 1.37 = 12.63
b. 10 mL of 0.01M H2SOI4 = 10 × 0.01 mmol = 0.1 mmol

10 mL of 0.01 M Ca(OH)2 = 10 × 0.01 mmol = 0.1 mmol
C a(OH )2 + H2 SO4 → C aSO4 + 2H2 O
1 mole of Ca(OH)2 reacts with 1 mole of H2SO4

∴ 1 mmol of Ca(OH)2 will react completely with 0.1 mmol of H2SO4. Hence, solution will be neutral with pH = 7.0
c. 10 mL of 0.1 M H2SO4 = 1 mmol
10 mL of 0.1 M KOH = 1 mmol
2K OH + H2 SO4 → K2 SO4 + 2H2 O
1 millimole of KOH will react with 0.5 mmol of H2SO4

∴ H2SO4 left = 1 - 0.5 = 0.5 mmol
Volume of reaction mixture = 10 + 10 = 20 mL
∴ Molarity of H2SO4 in the mixture solution =
0.5 −12
= 2.5 × 10 M
20
+ −2 −2
[H ] = 2 × 2.5 × 10 = 5 × 10
−2
pH = − log(5 × 10 ) = 2 − 0.699 = 1.3
OR
For the reaction CO (g) + H2O (g) ⇌ CO2(g) + H2(g) (The value of Kc = 4.24 at 800K)
Initial concentration:
0.1M, 0.1M, 0, 0
Let x mole per litre of each of the products being formed.
At equilibrium:
(0.1 - x)M, (0.1-x)M, x M, x M
where x is the amount of CO2 and H2 at equilibrium.
The equilibrium constant can be written as,
[C O2 ][ H2 ] 2
Kc= [CO][ H2 O]
= x
2
= 4.24
(0.1−x)
x2 = 4.24(0.01 + x2 - 0.2x)
x2 = 0.0424 + 4.24x2 - 0.848x
3.24x2 - 0.848x + 0.0424 = 0
a = 3.24, b = -0.848, c = 0.0424
(for quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0
Page 12 of 13
2
(−b± √b −4ac)
x= 2a
2
−(−0.848)± √(−0.848) −4(3.24)(0.0424)
x =
2(3.24)
−0.848±0.4118
x =
6.48
x1 = (0.848 – 0.4118)/6.48 = 0.067

x2 = (0.848 + 0.4118)/6.48 = 0.194
the value 0.194 should be neglected because it will give concentration of the reactant which is more than initial concentration.
Therefore, the equilibrium concentrations of CO2, H2, CO and H2O at 800 K are,
[CO2] = [H2-] = x = 0.067 M

[CO] = [H2O] = 0.1 – 0.067 = 0.033 M
33. Answer:
(i) i. When two or more compounds have a similar molecular formula but different carbon skeletons, these are referred to
as chain isomers and the phenomenon is termed as chain isomerism.
(i) and (iii); (i) and (iv); (ii) and (iii); (ii) and (iv) are chain isomers.
ii. a. 2, 2-Demethylpentane
b. 2, 4,7-Trimethyloctane. For two alkyl groups on the same carbon its locant is repeated twice, 2, 4, 7-locant set is
lower than 2, 5, 7.
c. 2-Chloro-4-methylpentane. Alphabetical order of substituents.
d. But-3-yn-1-ol. Lower locant for the principal functional group, i.e., alcohol.
OR
i. The functional group present is alcohol (-OH). Hence the suffix is ‘-ol’.
The longest chain containing -OH has eight carbon atoms. Hence the corresponding saturated hydrocarbon is
octane.
The -OH is on carbon atom 3. In addition, a methyl group is attached at 6th carbon atom.
Hence, the systematic name/IUPAC name of this compound is 6-Methyloctan-3-ol.
ii. Step I. Calculation of mass of produced
Mass of compound = 0.20 g
Percentage of carbon = 69%
Percentage of carbon =
∴ Mass of formed = = 0.506 g
Step II. Calculation of mass of produced

Mass of compound = 0.20 g
Percentage of hydrogen = 4.8%
Percentage of hydrogen
∴ Mass of formed = = 0.0864 g
Page 13 of 13
Subject - Chemistry

Section A
1. Gas is found to have the formula (CO)x. Its vapour density is 70. The value of x will be [1]
a) 7 b) 4
c) 6 d) 5
2. If a cation B3+ has 18 electrons, the atomic number of element B will be [1]
a) 12 b) 21
c) 24 d) 15
3. The enthalpy change when one mole of solute dissolves in a specified amount of solvent is called [1]
a) enthalpy of dilution b) enthalpy of dissociation
c) enthalpy of association d) enthalpy of solution

4. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists: [1]
List-I List-II
Sub-atomic particles Persons responsible
(A) Electron (p) Jamesh Chadwick
(B) Proton (q) J.J. Thomson
(C) Neutron (r) Rutherford
(D) Nucleus (s) Goldstein
Page 1 of 14
a) (A)-(p), (B)-(p), (C)-(q), (D)-(s) b) (A)-(q), (B)-(s), (C)-(r), (D)-(p)
c) (A)-(r), (B)-(s), (C)-(p), (D)-(q) d) (A)-(q), (B)-(s), (C)-(p), (D)-(r)

5. By convention, the standard enthalpies of formation of all elements in their most stable states are: [1]
a) different for each element b) zero
c) less than zero d) unity

6. An electron beam undergoes diffraction. This wave character of electrons is used in the making of: [1]
a) Light microscope b) fluorescence microscope
c) ompound microscope d) electron microscope

7. On the reaction [1]
2Ag + 2H2SO4 ⟶ Ag2SO4 + 2H2O + SO2 sulphuric acid acts as an?
a) a reducing agent b) an oxidizing agent
c) a catalyst d) an acid as well as an oxidant

8. Glycine is a functional isomer of ________. [1]
a) ethylamine b) nitromethane
c) nitroethane d) ethanamide
9. Which product is obtained by passing ethanol vapours over heated alumina? [1]
a) C2H2 b) C2H6
c) C2H4 d) CH4
10. The correct increasing order of atomic radii for the same element is ____ ? [1]
a) covalent radius < Metallic radius < van der b) covalent radius < crystal radius < Metallic
Waal's radius radius
c) van der Waal's radius < Metallic radius < d) Metallic radius < covalent radius < van der
covalent radius Waal's radius
11. Lattice enthalpies are determined by [1]
a) Hess' law b) Born-Haber cycle
c) lattice cycle d) endothermic reaction

12. Halogenation of alkanes is a: [1]
a) Rearrangement reaction b) Elimination reaction
c) Addition reaction d) Substitution reaction

13. Assertion (A): The carbon atoms of the benzene ring may be numbered for identification of substituent groups, [1]
just as continuous chains of carbon atoms are numbered.
Reason (R): The smallest set of numbers designating the substituents is the preferred set.
Page 2 of 14
14. Assertion (A): Alkanes are stable to acids, alkalies, oxidising agents etc. at room temperature. [1]
Reason (R): Alkanes are less reactive at room temperature.
15. Assertion (A): Electronic configuration of an element is 1s2 2s1. [1]

Reason (R): In 2s, 2 signifies the maximum capacity of s-subshell.

16. Assertion (A): 22.4 L of N2 at NTP and 5.6 LO2 at NTP contain equal number of molecules. [1]
Reason (R): Under similar conditions of temperature and pressure all gases contain equal number of molecules.

Section B
17. The following concentration were obtained for the formation of NH3 from N2 and H2 at equilibrium at 500 K. [2]
[N2] = 1.5 × 10-2M. [H2] = 3.0 × 10-2M and [NH3] = 1.2 × 10-2M. Calculate the equilibrium constant.
18. In terms of period and group where will you locate the element with Z = 114? [2]
19. How much copper can be obtained from 100 g of copper sulphate (CuSO4)? [2]
20. Write equations for the preparation of [2]
i. HC≡ CD and
ii. DC≡ CD
OR
Name the organic products of the reaction of but-2-ene with each of the following reagents and write a balanced
equation for each reaction.
i. Hydrogen bromide
ii. Bromine dissolved in tetrachloromethane
21. Give the number of electrons in the species: H , H2 and O .
+
2
+
2
[2]
Section C
22. Although geometries of NH3 and H2O molecules are distorted tetrahedral, the bond angle in water is less than [3]
that of ammonia. Discuss.

23. Answer: [3]
(a) At 1 atm, will the Δ f H
∘
be zero for CI2 (g) and Br2 (g)? Explain. [1]
(b) Enthalpy diagram for a particular reaction is given in Figure. Is it possible to decide the spontaneity of [1]
a reaction from the given diagram? Explain.
Page 3 of 14
(c) What is the enthalpy of formation of the most stable form of an element in its standard state? [1]
24. Calculate the work done when 11.2 g of iron dissolves in hydrochloric acid in [3]
i. a closed vessel
ii. an open beaker at 25 ∘
C
(Atomic mass of Fe = 56 u)
25. What are the oxidation numbers of the underlined CH3CH2OH element and how do you rationalise your results? [3]
26. Emission transitions in the Paschen series end at orbit n = 3 and start from orbit n and can be represeted as v = [3]
3.29 × 1015 (Hz) [1/32 - 1/n2] Calculate the value of n if the transition is observed at 1285 nm. Find the region
of the spectrum.
27. Which of the following will have the most negative electron gain enthalpy and which the least negative? P, S, Cl, [3]
F. Explain your answer.
28. What is the difference between molality and molarity? [3]
Section D
charge.

OR
Covalent molecules formed by heteroatoms bound to have some ionic character. The ionic character is due to
shifting of the electron pair towards A or B in the molecule AB. Hence, atoms acquire small and equal charge
but opposite in sign. Such a bond which has some ionic character is described as a polar covalent bond. Polar
covalent molecules can exhibit a dipole moment. The dipole moment is equal to the product of charge
separation, q and the bond length, d for the bond. The unit of dipole moment is Debye. One Debye is equal to
Page 4 of 14
10-18 esu cm.
The dipole moment is a vector quantity. It has both magnitude and direction. Hence, the dipole moment of
molecules depends upon the relative orientation of the bond dipole, but not the polarity of bonds alone. The
symmetrical structure shows a zero dipole moment. Thus, a dipole moment help to predict the geometry of the
molecules. Dipole moment values can be used to distinguish between cis- and trans-isomers; ortho-, meta- and
para-forms of a substance, etc. The percentage of ionic character of a bond can be calculated by the application
of the following formula:
Experimental value dipole moment
% ionic character = Theoretical value of dipole moment
× 100
i. Out of and which compounds have zero dipole moments? (1)
ii. A diatomic molecule has a dipole moment of 1.2D. If the bond length is 1.0 × 10-8cm, what fraction of
charge does exist on each atom? (1)
iii. The dipole moment of NF3 is very much less that of NH3. Why? (2)
OR
A covalent molecule, x-y, is found to have a dipole moment of 1.5 × 10-29 cm and a bond length 150 pm.
What will be the percentage of ionic character of the bond? (2)
Section E
(a) Write chemical equation for the combustion of hexyne. [1]
(b) What are conformations? [1]
(c) Suggest the name of a Lewis acid other than anhydrous aluminium chloride which can be used during [1]
ethylation of benzene.
(d) Why does the iodination of benzene is carried out in the presence of nitric acid or iodic acid? [1]
(e) What are cycloalkanes? [1]
(f) Convert 1-bromopropane to 2-bromopropane. [1]
(g) [1]
Write an IUPAC name:
32. At certain temperature and under a pressure of 4 atm, PCl5 is 10% dissociated. [5]
Calculate the pressure at which PCl5 will be 20% dissociated temperature remaining constant.
OR
Calculate the pH of a buffer which is 0.1 M in acetic acid and 0.15 M in sodium acetate. Given that the ionisation
constants of acetic acid are 1.75 × 10-5. Also, calculate the change in pH of the buffer if to 1L of the buffer
i. 1 cc of 1 M NaOH is used.
ii. 1 cc of 1 M HCI is added. Assume that the charge in volume is negligible.
iii. What will be the buffer index of the above buffer?
33. Answer: [5]
(a) i. Explain the principle of paper chromatography. [2.5]
ii. Classify the following reactions in one of the reaction type studied in this unit. [2.5]
i. CH3CH2Br + HS- ⟶ CH3CH2SH + Br-
Page 5 of 14
ii. (CH3)2C = CH2 + HCl ⟶ (CH3)2CCl - CH3
iii. CH3CH2Br + HO- ⟶ CH2 = CH2 + H2O + Br-
iv. (CH3)3C-CH2OH + HBr ⟶ (CH3)2CBr CH2CH3 + H2O
OR
i. Write the structural formula of [2.5]
i. o-ethylanisole,
ii. p-nitroaniline,
iii. 2, 3-dibromo-1-phenylpentane,
iv. 4-ethyl-1-fluoro-2-nitrobenzene
ii. Give condensed and bond line structural formulas and identify the functional groups present, [2.5]
if any, for:
a. 2, 2, 4-Trimethylpentane
b. 2-Hydroxy-1, 2, 3-propanetricarboxylic acid
c. Hexanedial?
Page 6 of 14
Solution
Section A
1.
(d) 5
Explanation: Vapour density = 70
Molecular mass = 2 × 70 = 140
Formula is [CO]x
Therefore molecular mass = (12 +16)x =140
= x × 28 = 140
∴ x = 5
2.
(b) 21
Explanation: In the formation of a cation with 3+ charges, the atom loses 3 electrons.
The no. of electrons in the atom will be 18 + 3 = 21.
In a neutral atom, the no. of protons is equal to the no. of electrons. So atomic no. is 21.
3.
(d) enthalpy of solution
Explanation: Enthalpy of solution is the enthalpy change when one mole of solute dissolved in a specified amount of solvent.
4.
(d) (A)-(q), (B)-(s), (C)-(p), (D)-(r)
Explanation: (A)-(q), (B)-(s), (C)-(p), (D)-(r)
5.
(b) zero
Explanation: By convention, the standard enthalpies of formation of all elements in their most stable states (reference states)
are zero.
6.
(d) electron microscope
Explanation: An electron microscope uses an 'electron beam' to produce the image of the object and magnification is obtained
by 'electromagnetic fields'; unlike light or optical microscopes, in which 'light waves' are used to produce the image and
magnification is obtained by a system of 'optical lenses'.
7.
(d) an acid as well as an oxidant
Explanation: sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is a strong acid, signifying that it fully dissociates into H3O+ and HSO4- in an aqueous
environment (the bisulfate ion is amphiprotic, but usually behaved as a weak bronsted acid given it's feeble alkalinity).
Now, consider some oxidizing agents: F2, O2, Cl2, etc. All of these species are driven by high electronegativities/electron
affinities, a result of quantum mechanical effects that contribute to the properties of these agents. However, the H+ (H3O+) ion
is essentially a naked proton, resulting in an extremely dense positive charge; this will force it's reduction by more
electropositive species by either physical gaining of electrons or the sharing of a lone pair.
Furthermore, the bisulfate/sulfate ion is capable of forming entropically preferable compounds due to the presence of oxygen,
another powerful oxidizing agent.
8.
(c) nitroethane
Explanation: C H 3 − C H2 − N O2 HOOC − C H2 − N H2
Nitroethane Glycine
9.
(c) C2H4
Page 7 of 14
Explanation: It is an example of dehydration of alcohols to give alkenes.
Al2 O3 ,623K
RC H2 − C H2 OH −−−−−−−→ RC H = C H2
alcohol − H2 O alkene
For example,
Al2 O3 ,623K
C2 H5 OH −−−−−−−→ C H2 = C H2
ethanol − H2 O ethene
Thus, when ethanol vapours are passed over heated alumina, the alcohol gets dehydrated to form ethene, as given above.
10. (a) covalent radius < Metallic radius < van der Waal's radius
Explanation: For the same element ,
Metallic radius of atoms are always greater than corresponding covalent radius.
Metallic radius is always lesser than van der Waal's radius
Hence , the correct increasing order of atomic radii of an element is covalent < Metallic < van der Waal's radius.
11.
(b) Born-Haber cycle
Explanation: Born-Haber cycle
12.
(d) Substitution reaction
Explanation: Halogenation of alkanes is a substitution reaction because the hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogens in the
presence of sunlight to give the corresponding alkyl halides. The reaction follows a free radical mechanism.
13.
Explanation: Nomenclature in benzene ring:
For only one substituent, no numbering is required. According to the latest IUPAC system of nomenclature, the lowest set of
locants is preferred even if it violates the lowest sum rule.
1, 3-dimethylbenzene is preferred as it corresponds to the smallest total set of numbers.
14.
Explanation: The electronegativities of carbon (2.60) and hydrogen (2.1) do not differ appreciably. Thus the bond electrons in
C-H are practically equally shared between them and the bond is almost nonpolar. The C-C bond is completely nonpolar and
polar reagents find no reaction sites on alkane molecules.
15.
Explanation: 1 and 2 are principal quantum numbers, n identifies the shell, determines the size of the orbital and also to a large
extent the energy of the orbital. Maximum capacity of s-subshell is two because it has only one orbital.
16.
Explanation: Molar volume (at NTP) = 22.4 L
Now 22.4 L of N2 = volume occupied by 1 mole of N2 = 28 g = 6.023 × 1023 molecules.
Similarly O2 = 2 × 16 = 32 g, 32 g
6.023 × 1023 molecules = 22.4 L

∴ 22.4 L = 6.023 × 1023
23
6.023× 10 ×5.6
or 5.6 L = 22.4
=
1
4
× 6.023 × 10
23
According to Avagadro's hypothesis equal volume of all gases contain equal number of molecules under similar conditions of
temperature and pressure.
Section B
Page 8 of 14
17. For the given reaction : N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g); The equilibrium constant can be written as follows:
2
[N H3 ]
Kc =
3
[ N2 ] [ H2 ]
Given
[N2] = 1.5 × 10-2M
[H2] = 3.0 × 10-2 M
[NH3] = 1.2 × 10-2 M

Put the given values in above expression, we get.
2
−2
[1.2× 10 M]
Kc= 3
−2 −2
[1.5× 10 M] [3.0× 10 M]
= 0.106 × 104 = 1.06 × 103M

18. For Z = 114, the electronic configuration is [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p2. The outermost electronic configuration provides the
information that the element lies in the 7th period and belongs to the carbon family i.e. Group 14.
19. Calculations:
1 mole of CuSO4 contains 1 mole (1 g atom) of Cu
Molar mass of CuSO4
= 63.5 + 32 + 4 × 16
= 159.5 g mol-1
Thus, Cu that can be obtained from 159.5 g of CuSO4
= 63.5 g
∴ Copper (Cu) that can be obtained from 100 g of copper sulphate (CuSO4)
63.5
= 159.5
× 100 g
= 39.81 g
NaNH 2 D2 O
20. i. HC ≡ CH ⟶ HC ≡ C
−
Na
+
⟶ HC ≡ CD
Here, Strong base NaNH2 deprotonated the alkynes to give so-called acetylide ions.
2Na D2 O
ii. HC ≡ CH ⟶ Na C ≡ C Na ⟶ DC ≡ CD + − − +
Here, sodium metal is one-electron reducing agent.

OR
i. But-2-ene is a symmterical alkene and reaction with HBr gives 2-Bromobutane.
ii. But-2-ene reacton with bromine dissolved in tetrachloromethane gives 2,3-dibromobutane. In reaction, Br2 water loses its red-
brown colour and becomes colourless. This decolourisation of bromine is often used as a test for a carbon-carbon double
bond.
21. H = one
+
H2 = two
O
+
2
= 15
Section C
22. ¨
N H3
¨
H2 O :
Because of two lone pairs of electrons on O-atom repulsion on bond pairs are greater in H2O in comparison to NH3 .Thus the
bond angle is less in H2O molecules.
23. Answer:
Page 9 of 14
(i) At 1 atm, Δ f H
∘
for CI2 (g) will be zero.
At 1 atm, Δ f H
∘
for Br2 (g) will not be zero because liquid bromine is in elementary state and not in gaseous state.
(ii) No, enthalpy is not the only criterion for spontaneity we need to consider enthalpy and entropy both.
(iii)The standard enthalpy of formation of any element in its most stable form is zero by definition. (which is pronounced
“delta H eff naught”).It is symbolically written as ∆Hf°.
The standard enthalpy of formation of any element in its standard state is zero by definition.
For example, although oxygen can exist as ozone (O3), atomic oxygen (O), and molecular oxygen (O2), O2 is the most
stable form at 1 atm pressure and 25°C. Similarly, hydrogen is H2(g), not atomic hydrogen (H). Graphite and diamond
are both forms of elemental carbon, but because graphite is more stable at 1 atm pressure and 25°C, the standard state of
carbon is in graphite.There for H2(g) and graphite have ΔH of values of zero.
24. Iron reacts with HCI acid to produce H2 gas.
Reaction:
Fe(s) + 2HCl(aq) ⟶ FeCl2 (aq) + H2 (g)
Here, 1 mole of Fe i.e. 56g Fe produces 1 mol of H2 gas.

1
So, 11.2 g Fe will produce H2 gas = 56
× 11.2 = 0.2mol
i. If the reaction is carried out in closed vessel,

ΔV = 0
We know that, W = − pext ΔV
∴ W = 0
ii. If the reaction is carried out in open beaker and external pressure is 1 atm,
initial volume = 0 because no gas is present.
Now we will calculate final volume,
We know that, pV = nRT
nRT
∴ V =
p
0.2×0.0821×298
= 1
= 4.89 L
∴ ΔV = V final − V initial = 4.89L
W = − pext ΔV
= −1 atm × 4.89L
= −4.89 L atm
= −4.89 × 101.3 J
= −495.4 J
x +1 −2
25. C H O
2 6
2x + 6 (+1) + 1 (-2) = 0
2x = - 4 or x = -2
Therefore, the average oxidation number of C is -2.
Let us consider the structure of ethanol CH3CH2OH
H H
| |
2 1
H − C − C − OH
| |
H H
Oxidation number of C1 atom = 1 (+1) + 2 (+1) + x + 1 (-1) = 0

[C1 atom in CH3CH2OH is attached to one CH3 group (oxidation number = + 1), two H atoms and one -OH group (oxidation
number = -1)]
x=-2
Oxidation number of C2 atom = 3 (+1) + x + 1 (-1) = 0
x = -2
[C2 atom in CH3CH2OH is attached to three H-atoms and one -CH2OH group (oxidation number = - 1)].
26. v = (3.29 × 1015 Hz) ( 1
2
−
1
2
)
3 n
λ = 1285 nm = 1285 × 10-9 m = 1.285 × 10-6 m
Page 10 of 14
8 −1
= 2.3346 × 1014s-1
(3× 10 ms )
v= c
λ
=
−6
(1.285× 10 m)
2.3346 × 1014 = 3.29 × 1015 [ 1
2
−
1
2
]
3 n
2.3346
32.9
=
1
2
−
1
2
or 0.71 = 1
9
−
1
2
3 n n
2
=
1
9
- 0.071 = 0.111 - 0.071 = 0.04
n
n2 = 1
0.04
= 25 or n = 5
Paschen series lies in infrared region of the spectrum.
27. Electron gain enthalpy generally becomes more negative across a period as we move from left to right. Within a group, electron
gain enthalpy becomes less negative down a group. However, adding an electron to the 2p-orbital leads to greater repulsion than
adding an electron to the larger 3p-orbital. Hence the element with most negative electron gain enthalpy is chlorine; the one with
the least negative electron gain enthalpy is phosphorus.
28. Molarity: It is denoted by M. It is defined as the number of moles of solute present in 1 litre of the solution.
No. of moles of solute
Thus, Molarity (M) = Volume of solution in litres
Molality: It is defined as the number of moles of solute present in 1 kg of solvent. It is denoted by m.

Thus, Molality (m) = N o of moles of solute
Mass of solvent in kg
Molality does not depend on temperature while molarity does. Similarly, it is useful to prepare molal solution as compared to
molar because with temperature molarity changes.
Section D
skeleton.
OR
30. i. Both the molecules have zero dipole moments since both and shows symmetrical structure.
−10
ii. Fraction of electronic charge = 1.2×10
−10
= 0.25
4.8×10
iii. Because of different direction of moment of N-H and N-F bonds.

OR
−29
1.5×10
% ionic character = −29
× 100 = 62.5
2.4×10
Section E
Heat
(i) C H (g) + O (g) −− →
17
6CO2 (g) + 5H2 O(g)
6 10 2
2
(ii) Conformations are spatial arrangements which are obtained by rotation around sigma bonds.
Explanation : In chemistry, conformational isomerism is a form of sterioisomers in which the isomers can be
interconverted just by rotations about formally single bonds (refer to figure on single bond rotation).Such isomers are
generally referred to as conformational isomers orconformers.
(iii)Anhydrous Ferric Chloride is another Lewis acid which can be used.
(iv)The iodination of benzene is usually brought about by refluxing benzene with iodine and conc. HNO3 or HIO3.
HNO3 or HIO3 oxidises HI to I2 and prevents the backward reaction to occur.
Page 11 of 14
(v) Cycloalkanes: When carbon atoms form a closed chain or ring structures, they are known as cycloalkanes.
Example: Cyclohexane
(vi)We can convert 1-Bromopropne into 2-Bromopropane in two steps. In the first step, the dehydrohalogenation of 1-bromo
propane with alcoholic KOH gives propene which on reacting with HBr gives 2-bromo propane due to Markovnikov's
rule for addition.
(vii)
32. Calculation of Kp
Total no. of moles in the equilibrium mixture = 1 − α + α + α

= (1 + α) mol.
Let the total pressure of equilibrium mixture = p atm

Partial pressure of PCl5
1−α
P P C l5 = × p atm
1+α
Partial pressure of P C l 3 =
1+α
α
× atm
Partial pressure of Cl2

α
p C l2 = × p atm
(1+α)
p
P C l3 ×P C l2
Kp =
p P C l5
α α
( p atm)×( p atm)
1+α 1+α
=
1−α
p atm
1+α
2
α p
= atm
2
1−α
P = 4 atm
and α = 10% = 10
100
= 0.1
(0.1)×(0.1)×(4 atm)
Kp =
2
(1−(0.1)
0.04
= = 0.04 atm
0.99
Calculation of P under new condition

α = 0.2
Kp = 0.04 atm
2 2
α p Kp (1− α )
Kp =
2
or P =
2
1−α α
2
(0.04 atm)(1− (0.2) )
=
2
(0.2)
0.04 atm×0.96
= = 0.96 atm
0.04
OR
Page 12 of 14
We have Henderson's equation
[ Salt ]
pH = pKa + log
[ Acid ]
= - log (1.75 × 10-5) + log 0.15
0.10
= - (log 1.75 + log10-5 )+ log 1.5

= - (0.2430 - 5) + 0.1761
= -(-4.757) + 0.1761
= 4.757 + 0.1761
= 4.933.
Therefore pH of buffer is 4.933.
i. 1 cc (10-3 L) of 1 M NaOH contains NaOH = 10-3 mol. This will convert 10-3 mol of acetic acid into the salt so that salt
formed is 10-3 mol.
Now, [Acid] = 0.10 M - 10-3 M = 0.099 M.
[Salt] = 0.15 M + 10-3 M = 0.151 M.
Therefore by using Henderson's equation, we have
0.151
pH = 4.757 + log 0.099
= 4.757 + log 1.525

= 4.757 + 0.183
= 4.940
∴ Increase in pH = 4.940 - 4.933 = 0.007 which is negligible.
ii. 1 cc (10-3 L) of 1 M HCI contains HCI = 10-3 mol. This will convert 10-3 mol CH3COONa into CH3COOH.
∴ Now, [Acid] = 0.10 M + 10-3 M = 0.101 M

[Salt] = 0.15 M - 10-3 M = 0.149 M. Therefore by using Henderson's equation, we have
∴ pH = 4.757 + log
0.149
0.101
= 4.757 + log 1.475

= 4.757 + 0.168
= 4.925
∴ Decrease in pH = 4.933 - 4.925 = 0.008 which is again negligible.
iii. Calculation of buffer index:

No. of moles of HCl or NaOH added = 0.001 mol
Change in pH = 0.007
N o. of moles of acid or base
Hence, buffer index = change in pH
=
0.001
0.007
=
1
7
= 0.143
33. Answer:
(i) i. This is the simplest form of chromatography. Here a strip of paper acts as an adsorbent. It is based on the principle
which is partly adsorption. The paper is made of cellulose fibres with molecules of water adsorbed on them. This
acts as stationary phase. The mobile phase is the mixture of the components to be identified prepared in a suitable
solvent.
ii. i. Nucleophilic substitution
ii. Electrophilic Addition
iii. Bimolecular elimination
iv. Nucleophilic substitution with rearrangement.
OR
i. i.
ii.
Page 13 of 14
iii.
iv.
ii.
Page 14 of 14

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Class XI Session 2024-25

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

1. There are 33 questions in this question paper with internal choice.

2. SECTION A consists of 16 multiple-choice questions carrying 1 mark each.

3. SECTION B consists of 5 very short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.

4. SECTION C consists of 7 short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.

5. SECTION D consists of 2 case-based questions carrying 4 marks each.

6. SECTION E consists of 3 long answer questions carrying 5 marks each.

7. All questions are compulsory.

a) is never negative. b) may be positive or negative.

c) is always negative. d) is always positive.

a) reduction process b) All of these

c) addition process d) oxidation process

c) Differential Extraction d) Distillation under reduced pressure

a) 1.36, 1.71, 1.40 b) 1.36, 1.40, 1.71

c) 1.71, 1.40, 1.36 d) 1.71, 1.36, 1.40

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

c) A is true but R is false. d) A is false but R is true.

product of A2X3, Ksp = 1.1 × 10–23.

completely converted to Br- ions in the gaseous state?

conditions? Standard Gibbs energy of formation of NO(g) is 86.7 kJ mol-1.

2PbO + 4HCl → 2PbCl2 + 2H2O

PbO2 + 4HCl → PbCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O

i. molal concentration, and

(c) To which category of compounds does cyclohexane belong? [1]

(e) What are Arenes? [1]

PCl5 (g) ⇌ PCl3 (g) + Cl2(g)

33. Answer: [5]

ii. CH2 = CH — CH = CH2

7. (a) reduction process

If S = solubility of A2X3, then

therefore, Ksp = (2S)2(3S)3 = 108S5

Therefore, required energy = 0.1 × 3.36 × 23.06 = 7.748 kcal.

Δ H1 = - (18 × 4.2 × 100) J mol-1

= - 7560 J mol-1 = - 7.56 k J mol-1

25. a. 2PbO +4HCl → 2Pb Cl +2H O 2 2

26. λ = 800 pm = 800 × 10-12m = 8 × 10-10

= 0.494 × 103 ms-1 =494 ms-1

(ii) The IUPAC name of given compound is:

(iii)Cyclohexane belongs to saturated alicyclic hydrocarbons.

present. Therefore, (C3) is sp2 hybridized.

By taking the antilog of both the sides, we get

Applying Law of chemical equilibrium,

x = 0.05 + 0.02 = 0.07 mol

CH4 −−−−−−−−−−−−→ CH3 − OH

Therefore, the general molecular formula of saturated monohydric alcohols is CnH2n+1OH.

ii. Resonance structure of the given compounds are as follows:

ii. CH2 = CH − CH = CH2 ↔

iii. CH2 = CH ⋅ CHO ↔

Time Allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 70

1. There are 33 questions in this question paper with internal choice.

2. SECTION A consists of 16 multiple-choice questions carrying 1 mark each.

3. SECTION B consists of 5 very short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.

4. SECTION C consists of 7 short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.

5. SECTION D consists of 2 case-based questions carrying 4 marks each.

6. SECTION E consists of 3 long answer questions carrying 5 marks each.

7. All questions are compulsory.

a) Molarity (M) b) ppm

c) Normality( N ) d) Molality (m)