Module 2 Advance Python

Files in Python, Directories, Building Modules, Packages, Text Processing, Regular

Files in Python
Opening, closing of a file, reading, writing from/to file - P2 -Pg 445

f=open('myfile.txt','w')

str=input('Enter text: ')

f.write(str)

f.close()

f=open('myfile.txt','r')

str1=f.read()

print(str)

f.close()

To store and read group of text to/ from file P3 and P4 – pg. 446 ,447

f=open('myfile.txt','w')

print('Enter text with @ at the end: ')

while str !='@':

str=input()

if (str!='@'):

f.write(str+"\n")

f.close()

f=open('myfile.txt','r')

str=f.read()

print(str)

f.close()

To append data to the file and then read the total content

f=open('myfile.txt','a+')
print('Enter text with @ at the end: ')
while str !='@':
str=input()
if (str!='@'):
f.write(str+"\n")
f.seek(0,0)
str=f.read()
print('The content of the file are: \n', str)
f.close()

Working with binary files P8 - pg. 451

f1= open('cat.jpg', 'rb')

f2=open('new.jpg', 'wb')

bytes=f1.read()

f2.write(bytes)

f1.close()

f2.close()

Opening a file with ‘with’ statement P9 -pg. 452

with open('myfile.txt','w') as f:

f.write('I am a learner \n')

f.write('Python is interesting \n')

with open('myfile.txt','r') as f:

for line in f:

print(line)

Pickle and unpickle in Python

import pickle
mylist = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']

with open('datafile.txt', 'wb') as fh:

pickle.dump(mylist, fh)

fh = open ("datafile.txt", "rb")

emp = pickle.load(fh)

print(emp)

fh.close()

P11 and 12 – pg 453, 454

Emp.py

class Employee:

def __init__(self,id, name, sal):

self.id=id

self.name=name

self.sal=sal

def display(self):

print('Employee ID is: ',self.id)

print('Employee name is: ', self.name)

print('Employee salary is:', self.sal)

main.py

import Emp, pickle

f=open('emp.dat', 'wb')
n=int(input('Enter total number of employee '))

for i in range(n):

id=int(input('Enter employee id: '))

name=input('Enter Employee name: ')

sal=float(input('Enter salary: '))

e=Emp.Employee(id, name, sal)

pickle.dump(e,f)

f.close()

f=open('emp.dat', 'rb')

print('Employee details: \n')

while True:

try:

obj=pickle.load(f)

obj.display()

except EOFError:

print(‘End of file reached’)

break

f.close()

Random accessing a binary file, seek, read, encode, decode P 14 and P15 pg 459

reclen=20

with open('cities.bin','wb') as f:

n=int(input('Enter number of cities'))

for i in range(n):

city=input('Enter the city name: ')

l=len(city)

city=city+ (reclen-l)*' '

city=city.encode()

f.write(city)
with open('cities.bin','rb') as f:

n=int(input('Enter the record number to be accessed: '))

f.seek(reclen*(n-1))

str=f.read(reclen)

print(str.decode())

Zip and Unzip file P21 and P22 – pg. 468, 469

from zipfile import*

f=ZipFile('test.zip', 'w', ZIP_DEFLATED)

f.write('file1.txt')

f.write('file2.txt')

f.write('file3.txt')

print('Zip file created ')

f.close()

z=ZipFile('test.zip','r')

z.extractall()

z.close()

Directories

Create directories and sub directory P27,P28 – pg. 472

import os

current =os.getcwd()

print('Current working directory is :', current)

os.mkdir('mysub')

goto=os.chdir('mysub')

current =os.getcwd()

print('Current working directory is :', current)

os.mkdir('mysubsub')

goto=os.chdir('mysubsub')
current =os.getcwd()

print('Current working directory is :', current)

rename os.rename(‘old’,’new’)

remove os.remove(‘subdir’)

Display the contents of current directory

import os

current =os.getcwd()

print('Current working directory is :', current)

os.mkdir('mysub')

goto=os.chdir('mysub')

current =os.getcwd()

print('Current working directory is :', current)

os.mkdir('mysubsub')

goto=os.chdir('mysubsub')

current =os.getcwd()

print('Current working directory is :', current)

for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk('/home'):

print('Current path :',dirpath)

print('Directories: ',dirnames)

print('Files: ', filenames)

#remove a directory

goto=os.chdir('/home/mysub')

current =os.getcwd()

print('Current working directory is :', current)

os.rmdir('mysubsub')

for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in os.walk('/home'):

print('Current path :',dirpath)

print('Directories: ',dirnames)
 print('Files: ', filenames)

Module

Mymodule.py

def greeting(name):

print("Hello, " + name)

main.py

import mymodule

mymodule.greeting("VCET")

Regular expression
A regular expression is a string that contains special symbols and characters to find and extract the
information need from given data

Raw string

str='This is a \n normal string'

print(str)

str=r'This is a \n raw string'

print(str)

Search a word in string- search P1 -pg 480

import re

str=' man sun run'

result=re.search(r'm\w\w', str)

if result:

print(result.group())

search all the strings -P2 pg480

str='bat mat sun mop run'

result=re.findall(r'm\w\w', str)

print(result)

match

import re

str='bat mat sun mop run'

result=re.match(r'm\w\w', str)

print(result)

import re

str='mat sun mop run'

result=re.match(r'm\w\w', str)

print(result)

split the string P5 -pg 482

+ is for all occurrences, W is to split at places where there are non alphanumeric characters, w is to
split at places where there are alphanumeric characters

import re

str='This; is a: "Core" Python \'s book'

result=re.split(r'\w+', str)

print(result)

result=re.split(r'\W+', str)

print(result)

Replace a string P6 -pg 482

import re

str='kumbhmela will be held at Ahmedabad'

result=re.sub(r'Ahmedabad', 'Allahabad',str)
print(result)

all words starting with a in a given string

import re

str=' an apple a day keeps the doctor away'

result=re.findall(r'a[\w]*',str)

print(result)
all words starting with a numeric digit

import re

str=' an apple 1 day keeps the doctor 21st away'

result=re.findall(r'\d[\w]*',str)

for word in result:

print(word)

all words having 4 characters length

import re

str=' one two three four five six seven '

result=re.findall(r'\b\w{4}\b',str)

for word in result:

print(word)

all words have 4 or more character length

import re

str=' one two three four five six seven '

result=re.findall(r'\b\w{4,}\b',str)

for word in result:

print(word)

import re

str=' one two three four five six seven '

result=re.findall(r'\b\w{3,4}\b',str)

for word in result:

print(word)

retrieve marks and names from a string

import re

str=' Rahul got 75 marks Meena got 98 marks'

print(marks)

names=re.findall(r'[A-Z][a-z]*',str)

print(names)

Regular expression on file

read email-id from a file P24 pg 493

import re

f=open('mail.txt','r')

for line in f:

result=re.findall(r'\S+@\S+', line)

if result != None:

print(result)

f.close()

mail.txt

i am from vcet. my email id is [email protected]

you can also mail me on [email protected]

my personal id is [email protected]