Syllabus For Agricultural Science (SCQP01)

Agricultural Science (SCQP01)
Syllabus
for
1
Note:
i. There will be one Question Paper which will have 100 questions.
ii. All questions will be complulsory.
iii. The Question Paper will have two Parts i.e. Part A and Part B:
iv. Part A will have 25 questions based on Language Comprehension/Verbal Ability,
General Awareness, Mathematical/Quantitative ability and Analytical Skills.
v. Part B will have 75 questions based on Subject-Specific Knowledge.
1. Agronomy
2. Genetics & Plant Breeding
3. Soil Science & Agricultural Chemistry
4. Plant Physiology
5. Horticulture
6. Entomology
7. Agricultural Economics
8. Mycology & Plant Pathology
9. Agricultural Engineering & Statistics
10. Agricultural Extension Education
2
Agro-forestry (SCQP02)
)
Syllabus
for
1
Note:
Importance of Agriculture/Forestry/Livestock in National Economy:

Principles of crop ecology and crop adaptation, climate shift and its ecological implications, Argo-ecological
regions in India.Geographical distribution of crop plants, Greenhouse effect, Climatic factors and their effect
on plant processes and crop productivity, Role of GIS and GPS in agriculture. Major pests and diseases of
rice, wheat, cotton, chickpea, sugarcane and their management. Important rural development programmed in
India; organizational set up of agricultural research, education and extension in India; Elements of statistics.
Agricultural Soil fertility and fertilizer use:

Essential plant nutrients and their deficiency symptoms, concept of essentiality of plant nutrients,
Indicators of soil fertility and productivity,
Sustainable land use systems:

Sustainable agriculture: parameters and indicators, Conservation agriculture, safe disposal of Agri-industrial
waste for crop production, Argo-forestry.
Layout and establishment of orchards:

Pruning and training; propagation, climatic requirement and cultivation of fruits like mango, banana, citrus,
guava, grape, pineapple, papaya, apple, pear,peach and plum; cultivation of plantation crops like coconut and
cashew nut and spices like blackpepper, coriander, turmeric, important physiological disorders;
Forest:
importance, types, classification, ecosystem, biotic and abiotic components, ecological succession and climax,
nursery and planting technique, social forestry, farm forestry, urban forestry, community forestry, forest
management, silvicultural practices, forest mensuration, natural regeneration, man-made plantations, shifting
cultivation, taungya, dendrology, hardwoods, softwoods, pulp woods, fuel woods, multipurpose tree species,
wasteland management. Agroforestry -importance and land use systems, forest soils, classification and
conservation, watershed management, forest genetics and biotechnology and tree improvement, tree seed
technology, rangelands, wildlife - importance, abuse, depletion, management, major and minor forest products
including medicinal and aromatic plants, forest inventory, aerial photo interpretation and remote sensing, forest
depletion and degradation- importance and impact on environment, global warming, role of forests and trees
in climate mitigation, tree diseases, wood decay and discoloration, tree pests, integrated pest and disease
management, biological and chemical wood preservation, forest conservation, Indian forest policies, Indian
forest act, forest engineering, forest economics, joint forest management and tribology.
2
Microbiology (SCQP03)
)
Syllabus
for
1
Note:
Microbiology
• History and scope of microbiology

• Position of microorganisms in the living world
• Structure of a bacterial cell:
• Structure of bacteriophages
• Nitrogen Cycle
• General accounts of microbes in diverse environments
• Microbial growth curve
• Mechanisms of gene transfer
• Basic concepts of gene regulation
• Mutation in microbes
• Fermentative production
• N2 -fixation
• Bio fertilizers
• Microbial interactions
Cytology and Genetics
• Ultrastructure of plant an animal cell

• Cell cycle
2
)
• Mendel's laws and cytoplasmic inheritance
• Interaction of genes
• Linkage and crossing over
• Sex determination in plants and animals
• Modern concept of gene structure
• Mutations and mutagens
Biochemistry
• Proteins
• Enzymes
• Carbohydrates:
• Lipids
• Nucleic acids and Genetic code
Physiology
• Water relations
• Cell Membrane
• Photosynthesis
• Respiration
• Hormones
Biotechnology
• Genetic Engineering
Bio techniques
• Chromatography
• Electrophoresis
3
Ecology
• Abiotic environment
• Biotic environment
• Adaptations
• Population ecology
• Community Ecology
• Ecosystem function
• Ecological succession
• Environmental pollution
2
Architecture and Planning (SCQP04)
)
Syllabus
for
Architecture and Planning
(SCQP04)
1
Note:
Unit 1: Architecture, Planning and Design
Architectural Graphics; Visual composition in 2D and 3D; Computer application in Architecture and
Planning; Anthropometrics; Organization of space; Circulation- horizontal and vertical; Space
Standards; Universal design; Building byelaws; Codes and standards;
Principles of Art and Architecture; World History of Architecture: Egyptian, Greco-Roman classical
period, Byzantine, Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque-Rococo, etc.; Recent trendsin Contemporary
Architecture: Art nouveau, Art Deco, Eclecticism, International styles, Post Modernism,
Deconstruction in architecture, etc.; Influence of Modern art and Design in Architecture; Indian
vernacular and traditional Architecture, Oriental Architecture; Works of renowned national and
international architects;
Unit 2: Construction, Planning Techniques and Management

Project management techniques e.g. PERT, CPM etc.; Estimation and Specification; Professional
practice and ethics; Form and Structure; Principles and design of disaster resistant structures;
Temporary structures for rehabilitation.
Building construction techniques, methods and details; Building systems and prefabrication of
building elements; Principles of Modular Coordination; Construction planning and equipment;
Building material characteristics and applications; Principles of strength of materials; Alternative
building materials; Foundations; Design of structural elements with different materials; Elastic and
Limit State design; Structural systems; Principles of Pre-stressing; High Rise and Long Span
structures, gravity and lateral load resisting systems
Application of G.I.S and Remote Sensing techniques in urban and regional planning; Tools and
techniques of Surveys – Physical, Topographical, Land use and Socio-economic Surveys; Urban
Economics, Law of demand and supply of land and its use in planning; Graphic presentation of
spatial data; Local self-governance, Panchayatiraj institutions; Planning Legislation and
implementation – Land Acquisition Act, PPP etc.; Decision support system and Land Information
System; Urban geography and econometrics; Management of Infrastructure Projects; Demography
and equity in planning;
2
)
Unit 3: Envioronmental and Infrastructure Planning
Natural and man-made ecosystem; Ecological principles; Environmental considerations in Planning
and design; Environmental pollution- types, causes, controls and abatement strategies; Sustainable
development, goals and strategies; Climate change and built environment; Climate responsive
design
Process and Principles of Transportation Planning and Traffic Engineering; Road capacity and
Travel demand forecasting; Traffic survey methods, Traffic flow Analysis; Traffic analyses and
design considerations; Traffic and transport management and control in urban areas; Mass
transportation planning; Intelligent Transportation Systems; Urban and Rural Infrastructure System
Network.
Unit 4: Urban Design, Landscape and Conservation
Historical and modern examples of urban design; Elements of urban built environment – urbanform,
spaces, structure, pattern, fabric, texture, grain etc.; Concepts and theories of urban design;
Principles, tools and techniques of urban design; Public spaces, character, spatial qualities and Sense
of Place; Urban design interventions for sustainable development and transportation; Development
controls – FAR, densities and building byelaws.; Urban renewal and conservation; heritage
conservation; historical public spaces and gardens; Landscape design; Site planning.
Unit 5: Building Services and Sustainability
Solar architecture; Thermal, visual and acoustic comfort in built environments; Natural and
Mechanical ventilation in buildings; Air-Conditioning systems; Sustainable building strategies;
Building Performance Simulation and Evaluation; Intelligent Buildings; Water supply;
Sewerage and drainage systems; Sanitary fittings and fixtures; Plumbing systems; Principles of
internal and external drainage system; Principles of electrification of buildings; Elevators and
Escalators - standards and uses.
Building Services and Utilities – Electrical, HVAC, Sanitary and Plumbing, Solid and Liquid Waste
Management, (with special reference to energy efficiency, recycling and re-use), Overview of green
Building Rating Systems
Unit 6: Infrastructure and Services
Firefighting Systems; Building Safety and Security systems; Building Management Systems; Water
treatment; Water supply and distribution system; Water harvesting systems; Principles, Planning and
Design of storm water drainage system; Sewage disposal methods; Methods of solid waste
management - collection, transportation and disposal; Recycling and Reuse of solid waste; Landuse
– transportation - urban form inter-relationships; Design of roads, intersections, grade separators and
parking areas; Hierarchy of roads and level of service; Para-transits and other modes of
transportation, Pedestrian and slow moving traffic planning.
Unit 7: Remote Sensing and GIS in Architecture

Introduction, development of remote sensing technology, advantages; Different platforms of remote
sensing; EM spectrum, solar reflection and thermal emission remote sensing, Interaction of EM
radiation with atmosphere including atmospheric scattering, absorption and emission. Interaction
3
mechanisms of EM radiation with ground, spectral response curves. Photographic techniques in
aerial and spaceborne remote sensing; Spectrozonal photography using various camera, film, filter
combinations; Applications and limitations. Stereo aerial photography, principle of stereoscopy,
elements of photogrammetry. Principles of image interpretation, digital image processing. Multi-
spectral scanners and imaging devices; Salient QuickBird, GeoEye sensors and their applications.
Image characteristics and interpretation of different geological landforms, structures and major
igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rock types; Remote sensing as a fore-runner in all
exploration programs.
2
Biochemistry (SCQP05)
)
Syllabus
for
1
Note:
Introduction to Biochemistry
Understanding of Biochemistry as a discipline.
Fundamental properties of elements, their role in formation of biomolecules and in chemical reactions.
Concepts of mole, mole fraction, molarity, etc.
Unique property of water as a universal solvent.
Fundamentals of Adsorption, Viscosity, Distribution law, Osmotic pressure, etc.
Fundamental laws relating to photochemistry.
Bioorganic Chemistry and Metabolites

Significance of organic reactions
Electrochemistry to conductance, voltaic, and electrolytic systems.
Chemical bonding
Aliphatic and aromatic compounds and IUPAC nomenclature.
Formation of polymers and their importance.
Stereochemistry in determining conformations of biomolecules.
Cell Biology
Structure of cell and various cellular events.
Function of various subcellular organelles.
Cell theory and techniques for fractionation of sub-cellular organelles.
Composition of cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix.
Cell cycle, cell division and cell death mechanisms.
2
)
Biochemical Techniques
Chromatographic techniques and their application Centrifugation
and chromatography in biological investigations.
Principles of Electrophoresis, Spectrophotometry and ELISA and their applications.
Biomolecules
Biomolecules present in living cells.
Key contributions of scientists such as Hans Kreb, G. N. Ramachandran, Melvin Calvin, Louis Pasteur, Har
Gobind Khorana, Watson etc.
Properties of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, cholesterol, DNA, RNA, glycoproteins and glycolipids.
Process of fermentation and manufacture of Biodiesel.
Amino acid and nucleotide sequences of proteins and DNA respectively.
Nutrition
Glycemic index, balanced diet, micronutrient deficiencies and the remedies, nutraceuticals and their
importance, junk foods and their hazards.
Need for specialized food for people with special needs - diabetes, pregnancy, inherited genetic
disorders.
Use of alternate crops – cereals and pulses and their importance.
Cattle industry and its contribution to greenhouse gases.
Merits and demerits of vegetarian and non-vegetarian foods.
Metabolism
Importance of lipids as storage molecules and as structural component of biomembranes.
Importance of high energy compounds, electron transport chain, synthesis of ATP under aerobic and
anaerobic conditions.
Role of TCA cycle in central carbon metabolism, importance of anaplerotic reactions and redox balance.
Properties of metabolic enzymes of the host and pathogens
Metabolic engineering for the production of useful biomolecules.
Bioenergetics and Membrane Biology

Basic concepts of Bioenergetics, mechanisms of oxidative phosphorylation and photophosphorylation.
Composition and structure of biomembranes, transport mechanisms across biological membranes.
Concept and mechanism of ATP synthesis.
3
Human Physiology
Mechanism of signal transduction by steroid and polypeptide hormones .
Process of gaseous exchange in tissues and lungs, respiratory adaption to high altitude.
Difference between hemoglobin and myoglobin.
Muscular dystrophies, the role of steroids in muscle building.
Nitrogen metabolism.
Clinical Biochemistry
Constituents of urine, blood and their significance. Causation
of diseases of liver, kidney, mechanism of Cancer.
Trigycerides and lipoproteins and their relationship with various diseases.
Role of enzymes in diagnosis of various diseases.
Microbiology
Contributions of Louis Pasteur, Edward Jenner and Robert Koch in microbiology and immunology.
Discovery of antibiotics and their targets, drug/antibiotic resistance, preventive and therapeutic
approaches of infectious diseases.
Microorganisms as model systems in genetics and biochemistry.
Contribution of gut microbiome in human health.
Basic concepts of metabolic engineering and synthetic biology.
Immunology
Immune system including cells, organs and receptors.
Structure and functions of different classes of immunoglobulins, the genetic basis of antibody diversity and
the importance of humoral, cell-mediated and innate immune responses in combating pathogens.
Different types of hypersensitivity, and the importance of conventional vs. recombinant vaccines.
Importance of antigen-antibody interaction in disease diagnosis.
Principles of tolerance, autoimmunity and the role of immunity in protection against pathogens.
Enzymology
Enzymes and their importance in biological reactions.
Difference between a chemical catalyst and biocatalyst.
Activation energy and its importance in biological reactions.
2
)
Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering
DNA as genetic material, DNA replication, transcription, DNA repair and translation.
Coding and non-coding regions of eukaryotic genome.
Exposure of E. coli lac operon, PCR, expression vectors and their importance in Biotechnology.
Merits and Demerits of transgenic crops.
Genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and their importance in human health
5
Bio-Informatics (SCQP06)
)
Syllabus
for
1
Note:
Unit 1: Mathematics and Statistical Foundation
Calculus: The concept of limit of a Functions, continuity, differentiability, successive differentiation,

Liebnitz theorem, asymptotes, definite integrals, reduction formulae, order and degree of ordinary
differential equations, linear differential equations with constant coefficient and Laplace
transformations
Algebra: Mappings, groups, subgroups, matrices, elementary operations of matrices, inverse of

matrices, application of matrices to system of linear equations, vector spaces, linear transformation
and their matrix representations.
Analysis Open set, closed set, limit, continuity, Taylor's theorem, Lagrange's mean theorem, Rolle's
Theorem, sequences and series, convergence of series.
Probability Distribution: Basics of Binomial, Poisson and Normal distributions and their application
in biology. Random Variable; Discrete and Continuous Probability Distribution, Probability mass
function, probability Density function, Mathematical Expectation.
Geometry Plane, straight line, sphere, cone, cylinder, conicoids.
Unit 2: Role of Chemistry in Bioinformatics
Kinetic theory of gases, Atomic Structure, Periodic Properties, Chemical bonding, Distribution of
electrons in organic compounds.
Homegenous equilibria, chemical Kinetics, p and d block elements, Stereo Chemistry,

Configurational Isomerism, Elements of symmetry, Chirality.
Colligative properties, thermodynamics, Chemistry of elements of first transition series,

Coordination Compouds, Organometallic Compounds, Alicyclic Compounds
Esters cont aining active methylene group, Aromatic Compounds, Nuclear Chemistry, Zero group
elements, Phase Rule and Electrochemistry.
2
)
Unit 2: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Carbohydrates and lipids, their importance in cells. Proteins: Amino acids and peptides; primary,
secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures; protein – protein interactions; sequence homology,
functional and evolutionary relationships of proteins.
Nucleic acids: Bases, nucleotides, RNA and DNA. Different Structural from of DNA, denaturation
and renaturation of DNA, protein-nucleic acid interactions.
Enzymes: Units of activity, coenzymes and metal cofactors, temperature and pH effects,
MichaelisMenten kinetics, inhibitors and activators, active site and mechanism of enzyme action,
isoenzymes, allosteric enzymes, regulation by covalent modification. Organization of metabolic
systems: enzyme chains, multienzyme complexes and multifunctional enzymes, regulatory enzumes
and feedback control of metabolic pathways, energy charge
Carbohydrate metabolism: Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, glycogenolysis and

pentose phosphate pathway; hormonal control. TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation.
B-oxidation and biosynthesis of fatty acids. Transamination and deamination of amino acids,
ketogenic and glycogenic and glycogenic amino acids, urea cycle.Purine and pyrimidine
biosynthesis.
Unit 3: Microbiology and Immunology

Viruses: Morphology, Architechture, Nomenclature, Classification and symmetry, Structure of a
typical plant (TMV), Animal (polio) and Bacterial (T4) Viruses; Bacteriophages (Lytic & lysogenic
cycles)
Role of microorganisms in biogeochemical cycles of Nitrogen and Carbon. Biological nitrogen

fixation with special reference to Rhizobium. Industrial application of microorganisms: Organic
acids, alcohol, food processing, milk products with special reference to Lactobacillus, antibiotics
with reference to Streptomyces, biopesticides.
Methods in Microbiology – staining, sterilization method culture media, pure culture methods,
methods for population estimation, growth determination.
Immunology: Immunity, Immune system in Human: Active and Passive Immunity, Antigens,
Antibodies, Classes of Immunoglobulins, Antigen – Antibody reaction, B-cells and T-cells and
their role in immunity to infection, Autoimmunity.
Immunity to infectious agents; AIDS and other immunodeficiencies, Vaccines, Hybridoma

Technology and Monoclonal antibodies, Gene Therapy.
Unit 4: Genetic Engineering, Gene Sequencing and RDT
DNA as genetic material, Structure and Biological importance of DNA; Types of RNA and their
structure; Replication of DNA. Genetic code, Central Dogma, Transcription, Translation, RNA
editing, DNA repair. Introduction: Plasmids and bacteriophages: Cosmids, M13, Shuttle vectors
3
and lamda of E. coli, Applications of genetic engineering in medicine, industry and agriculture.
Enzymes for RDT: polymerase, restriction endonucleases, ligases, Introduction of r-DNA into living
cells – Transformation and Transfection, Identification of recombinants.
Techniques in Genetic Engineering : PCR, Gene Sequencing – Maxam Gilbert method & Sanger
method, Electrophoresis, Southern and northern blotting techniques. Transgenic plants and animals,
Gene therapy, Intellectual Property Rights, Bioethics.
Unit 5: Bio-Physics
Energetics of a living body, sources of heat limits to temperature ( qualitative treatment), heat
dissipation to conservation, laws of thermodynamics. Nature of chemical bonds, intra and
intermolecular interaction in biological systems. Force field used in Molecular Dynamics
Simulation.
Absorption spectroscopy- Beer-Lambert’s law, Colorimetry to Spectrophotometry( single and

double beam spectrophotometer), primary biophysical events in photosynthesis.
Spectroscopic techniques to find out molecular structure (quantitative techniques), general

spectroscopy (UV, Visible, Fluorescence, Atomic absorption, IR to Raman spectra). Instrumental
techniques: Concept of chromatography, electrophoresis; spectrophotometry, UV-VIS, IR, NMR',-
and spectroscopy.
Physical methods of imaging, intact biological structures (X-ray, CT-Scan, ECG, EEG, NMR)
and radioactive pollution- GM counter
Structure of proteins – primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary. X-ray crystallography

Physical methods for determining size and shape of macromolecules – diffusion to
sedimentation, reverse osmosis, ultracentrifugation, Ramachandran Plot Analysis.
Unit 6: Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Programming
An overview of resolution in computers and communication. Applications software (Word

processing, spreadsheets, database, financial, communicating etc.) Processors (microclips, CPU.,
Main memory, representation of data & programs, microcomputer system unit, future processing
power), Input and output, storage, Interactivity, Multimedia
System Software, The use of online resources and the internet, Communications technology
(hardware, channels & Networks), Software development (programming & languages).
Introduction to programming in C++, C++ control structures (if, if/else, while, do/while, for, switch).
Functions (definition and prototypes, storage classes, Scope rules, Recursion, inline functions,
references and reference parametrics, function overloading, function templates), Arrays (declaration,
passing arrays to functions, sorting and searching arrays, multiple subscripted arrays.
Pointers (declaration & initialization, pointer operators, calling functions by reference, pointer
expression and pointer arithmetic, pointers & arrays, arrays of pointers, function pointers),
2
)
Introduction to characters and string processing, classes(structures, class scope, access utility
functions, constructors, destructors, use of data members and member functions).
Color models: CMY, HSV, RGB, Visualization techniques. Graphics display devices, Raster and
Random scan devices, color CRT monitors, LCD and LED.
Artificial Neural Networks, Genetic algorithm, Bayesian modeling, Monte Carlo Simulation
Method, Markov Models and their application
Perl basic: Variables, Perl operations, A Program to store DNA sequence, Concatenating DNA
fragment, Transcription: DNA to RNA, Subroutines, scoping and subroutines, command-line
arguments and arrays passing data to subroutines, modules and libraries of subroutines, fixing bugs.
Unit 7: Basics of Bio-Informatics

What is Bioinformatics and its relation with molecular biology Examples of related tools, databases
and software, Data generation; Generation of large scale molecular biology data. (Through Genome
sequencing, Protein sequencing, Gel electrophoresis, NMR Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, and
microarray).Applications of Bioinformatics.
Biological Database and its Types, Introduction to data types and Source. Population and
sample,Classification and Presentation of Data. Quality of data, private and public data sources.
General Introduction of Biological Databases; Nucleic acid databases, Protein databases (Primary,
Composite, and Secondary).Specialized Genome databases:Structure databases
Data storage and retrieval and Interoperability, Flat files, relational, object oriented databases and
controlled vocabularies. File Format, Introduction to Metadata and search; Indices, Boolean, Fuzzy,
Neighboring search.The challenges of data exchange and integration. Ontologies, interchange
languages and standardization efforts.
Sequence Alignments and Visualization, Introduction to Sequences, alignments and Dynamic

Programming,Local alignment and Global alignment (algorithm and example), Pairwise alignment
and multiple sequence alignment. Methods for presenting large quantities of biological data:
sequence viewers, 3D structure viewers, Anatomical visualization.
Gene Expression and Representation of patterns and relationship,General introduction to Gene

expression in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, transcription factors binding sites. SNP, EST,
STS.Introduction to Regular Expression, Hierarchies, and Graphical models (including Marcov
chain and Bayes notes).Genetic variability and connections to clinical data.
***
5
Botany (SCQP07)
)
Syllabus
for
Botany (SCQP07)
1
Botany (SCQP07)
Note:
Botany (SCQP07)
1. Phycology and Microbiology
2. Biomolecules and Cell Biology
3. Mycology and Phytopathology
4. Archegoniate
5. Anatomy and Angiosperms
6. Economic Botany
7. Genetics
8. Molecular Biology
9. Plant Ecology and Phytogeography
10. Plant Semantics
11. Reproductive Biology of Angiosperms
12. Plant Physiology
13. Plant Metabolism
14. Plant Biotechnology
2
Chemistry (SCQP08)
)
Syllabus
for
Chemistry (SCQP08)
1
Chemistry (SCQP08)
Note:
Chemistry (SCQP08)
Physical Chemistry
1. Gaseous State
Behavior of real gases: Deviations from ideal gas behavior, compressibility factor, and its
variation with pressure for different gases. Causes of deviation from ideal behavior. van
der Waals equation of state, its derivation and application in explaining real gas
behaviour; van der Waals equation expressed in virial form, Boyle temperature. Isotherms
of real gases and their comparison with van der Waals isotherms, continuity of states,
critical state, critical and van der Waals constants, law of corresponding states.
Kinetic molecular model of a gas: postulates and derivation of the kinetic gas equation;
collision frequency; collision diameter; mean free path and viscosity of gases, including
their temperature and pressure dependence, relation between mean free path and
coefficient of viscosity, calculation of σ from η; variation of viscosity with temperature
and pressure. Maxwell distribution and its use in evaluating molecular velocities
(average, root mean square and most probable) and average kinetic energy, law of
equipartition of energy, degrees of freedom and molecular basis of heat capacities.
2. Liquid State
Structure and physical properties of liquids; vapour pressure, surface tension, viscosity,
and their dependence on temperature, Effect of addition of various solutes on surface
tension, cleansing action of detergents. Structure of water.
3. Ionic Equilibria
Strong, moderate and weak electrolytes, degree of ionization, factors affecting degree of
ionization, ionization constant and ionic product of water. Ionization of weak acids and
bases, pH scale, common ion effect; dissociation constants of mono-, di- and tri-protic
acids. Salt hydrolysis, hydrolysis constants, degree of hydrolysis and pH for different
salts. Buffer solutions; Henderson equation, buffer capacity, buffer range, buffer action,
applications of buffers in analytical chemistry, Solubility and solubility product.
2
Chemistry (SCQP08)
)
Brönsted-Lowry concept of acid-base reactions, solvated proton, relative strength of
acids, types of acid-base reactions, levelling solvents, Lewis acid-base concept,
Classification of Lewis acids, Hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB) Application of
HSAB principle. Qualitative treatment of acid – base titration curves (calculation of pH at
various stages). Theory of indicators; selection of indicators and their limitations.
Multistage equilibria in polyelectrolytes.
4. Solid State
Nature of the solid state, law of constancy of interfacial angles, law of rational indices,
Miller indices, elementary ideas of symmetry, symmetry elements and symmetry
operations, qualitative idea of point and space groups, seven crystal systems and fourteen
Bravais lattices; X-ray diffraction, Bragg’s law, a simple account of rotating crystal
method and powder pattern method. Analysis of powder diffraction patterns of NaCl,
CsCl and KCl. Various types of defects in crystals, Glasses and liquid crystals.
5. Thermodynamics
Intensive and extensive variables; state and path functions; isolated, closed and open
systems; zeroth law of thermodynamics. First law: Concept of heat, q, work, w, internal
energy, U, and statement of first law; enthalpy, H, relation between heat capacities,
calculations of q, w, U and H for reversible, irreversible and free expansion of gases
(ideal and van der Waals) under isothermal and adiabatic conditions.
Thermochemistry:
Heats of reactions: standard states; enthalpy of formation of molecules and ions and
enthalpy of combustion and its applications; calculation of bond energy, bond
dissociation energy and resonance energy from thermochemical data, effect of
temperature (Kirchhoff’s equations), pressure on enthalpy of reactions.
Second Law:
Concept of entropy; thermodynamic scale of temperature, statement of the second law of

thermodynamics; molecular and statistical interpretation of entropy. Calculation of
entropy change for reversible and irreversible processes.
Third law of thermodynamics:
Third Law of thermodynamics, residual entropy, calculation of absolute entropy of

molecules.
Free Energy Functions:
Gibbs and Helmholtz energy; variation of S, G, A with T, V, P; Free energy change and
spontaneity. Relation between Joule-Thomson coefficient and other thermodynamic
parameters; inversion temperature; Gibbs-Helmholtz equation; Maxwell relations;
thermodynamic equation of state.
3
Chemistry (SCQP08)
6. Partial molar quantities
Partial molar quantities, dependence of thermodynamic parameters on composition;

GibbsDuhem equation, chemical potential of ideal mixtures, change in thermodynamic
functions in mixing of ideal gases
7. Dilute solutions or Colligative Properties
Dilute solutions; lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult’s and Henry’s Laws and their
applications. Excess thermodynamic functions. Thermodynamic derivation using
chemical potential to derive relations between the four colligative properties: [(i) relative
lowering of vapour pressure, (ii) elevation of boiling point, (iii) Depression of freezing
point, (iv) osmotic pressure] and amount of solute. Applications in calculating molar
masses of normal, dissociated and associated solutes in solution.
8. Molecular Spectroscopy & Photochemistry
Unit-I
Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with molecules and various types of spectra;

BornOppenheimer approximation. Rotation spectroscopy: Selection rules, intensities of
spectral lines, determination of bond lengths of diatomic and linear triatomic molecules,
isotopic substitution. Vibrational spectroscopy: Classical equation of vibration,
computation of force constant, amplitude of diatomic molecular vibrations,
anharmonicity, Morse potential, dissociation energies, fundamental frequencies,
overtones, hot bands, degrees of freedom for polyatomic molecules, modes of vibration,
concept of group frequencies. Vibration-rotation spectroscopy: diatomic vibrating rotator,
P, Q, R branches.
Unit-II
Raman spectroscopy: Qualitative treatment of Rotational Raman effect; Effect of nuclear

spin, Vibrational Raman spectra, Stokes and anti-Stokes lines; their intensity difference,
rule of mutual exclusion. Electronic spectroscopy: Franck-Condon principle, electronic
transitions, singlet and triplet states, fluorescence and phosphorescence, dissociation and
predissociation.
Unit-III
Photophysical and photochemical processes: laws of photochemistry, quantum yield.

Jablonski diagrams: Franck-Condon principle, Law of photochemical equivalence,
quantum efficiency, low and high quantum efficiency. kinetics of photochemical
reactions (H2 + Br2⇌HBr, 2HI ⇌ H2 + I2), energy transfer in photochemical reactions
(photosensitization and quenching), fluorescence, phosphorescence, chemiluminescence,
Discussion of Electronic spectra and photochemistry (Lambert-Beer law and its
applications).
2
Chemistry (SCQP08)
)
9. Chemical Kinetics
Order and molecularity of a reaction, rate laws in terms of the advancement of a reaction,
differential and integrated rate laws for first, second and fractional order reactions,
pseudounimolecular reactions, determination of the order, kinetics of complex reactions
(limited to first order): (i) Opposing reactions (ii) parallel reactions and (iii) consecutive
reactions and their differential rate equations (steady-state approximation in reaction
mechanisms) (iv) chain reactions. Temperature dependence of reaction rates; Arrhenius
equation; activation energy. Collision theory of reaction rates, Lindemann mechanism,
qualitative treatment of the theory of absolute reaction rates.
10. Catalysis
Types of catalyst, specificity and selectivity, mechanisms of catalyzed reactions at solid

surfaces; effect of particle size and efficiency of nanoparticles as catalysts. Enzyme
catalysis, MichaelisMenten mechanism, acid-base catalysis.
11. Surface chemistry
Physical adsorption, chemisorption, adsorption isotherms (Freundlich, Temkin,

Derivation of Langumuir adsorption isotherms, surface area determination), BET theory
of multilayer adsorption (no derivation), Adsorption in solution
12. Phase Equilibria
Concept of phases, components and degrees of freedom, derivation of Gibbs Phase Rule
for nonreactive and reactive systems; Clausius-Clapeyron equation and its applications to
solid liquid, liquid-vapour and solid-vapour equilibria, phase diagram for one component
systems, with applications. Phase diagrams for systems of solid-liquid equilibria
involving eutectic, congruent and incongruent melting points, solid solutions. Three
component systems, waterchloroform-acetic acid system, triangular plots. Binary
solutions: Gibbs-Duhem-Margules equation, its derivation and applications to fractional
distillation of binary miscible liquids (ideal and nonideal), azeotropes, lever rule, partial
miscibility of liquids, CST, miscible pairs, steam distillation. Nernst distribution law: its
derivation and applications.
13. Introduction to Quantum Chemistry:
Unit-I
Introduction to black-body radiation and distribution of energy, photo-electic effect,

concept of quantization, wave particle duality (de-Broglie’s hypothesis), The uncertainty
principle, The wave function: wave function and its interpretation, conditions of
normalization and Orthogonality and its significance. Basic idea about operators, eigen
function and values, Schrodinger equation and application to free-particle and particle in
a box, boundary conditions, wave functions and energies, degeneracy, hydrogen atom,
Schrodinger equation in polar coordinates, radial and angular parts of the hydrogenic
orbitals, degeneracies, spherical harmonics, representations of hydrogenic orbitals.
5
Chemistry (SCQP08)
Unit-II
Quantitative treatment of simple harmonic osciallator model, setting up of Schodinger

equation and discussion of solution of wave functions. Rigid rotator model and discussion
of application of Schrodinger equation. idea about transformation to spherical polar
coordinate, discussion on solution.
Unit-III
Qualitative treatment of hydrogen atom and hydrogen-like ions: setting up of Schrödinger

equation in spherical polar coordinates, radial part, quantization of energy (only final
energy expression). Average and most probable distances of electron from nucleus.
Valence bond and molecular orbital approaches, LCAO-MO treatment of H2, H2 + ;
bonding and anti-bonding orbitals, Comparison of LCAO-MO and VB treatments of H2
(only wavefunctions, detailed solution not required) and their limitations.
14. Conductance
Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation. Conductivity, equivalent and molar

conductivity and their variation with dilution for weak and strong electrolytes. Molar
conductivity at infinite dilution. Kohlrausch law of independent migration of ions. Debye-
Hückel-Onsager equation, Wien effect, Debye-Falkenhagen effect, Walden’s rules. Ionic
velocities, mobilities and their determinations, transference numbers and their relation to
ionic mobilities, determination of transference numbers using Hittorf and Moving
Boundary methods. Applications of conductance measurement: (i) degree of dissociation
of weak electrolytes, (ii) ionic product of water (iii) solubility and solubility product of
sparingly soluble salts, (iv) conductometric titrations, and (v) hydrolysis constants of
salts.
15. Electrochemistry
Quantitative aspects of Faraday’s laws of electrolysis, rules of oxidation/reduction of ions

based on half-cell potentials, applications of electrolysis in metallurgy and industry.
Chemical cells, reversible and irreversible cells with examples. Electromotive force of a
cell and its measurement, Nernst equation; Standard electrode (reduction) potential and
its application to different kinds of half-cells. Application of EMF measurements in
determining (i) free energy, enthalpy and entropy of a cell reaction, (ii) equilibrium
constants, and (iii) pH values, using hydrogen, quinone-hydroquinone, glass and
SbO/Sb2O3 electrodes. Concentration cells with and without transference, liquid junction
potential; determination of activity coefficients and transference numbers. Qualitative
discussion of potentiometric titrations (acid-base, redox, precipitation).
2
Chemistry (SCQP08)
)
Inorganic Chemistry
1. Atomic Structure
Bohr’s theory, its limitations and atomic spectrum of hydrogen atom. Wave mechanics:
de’ Broglie equation, Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle and its significance,
Schrödinger’s wave equation, significance of ψ and ψ2. Quantum numbers and their
significance. Normalized and orthogonal wave functions. Sign of wave functions. Radial
and angular wave functions for hydrogen atom. Radial and angular distribution curves.
Shapes of s, p, d and f orbitals. Contour boundary and probability diagrams. Pauli’s
Exclusion Principle, Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity, Aufbau’s principle and its
limitations, Variation of orbital energy with atomic number.
2. Periodicity of Elements
s, p, d, f block elements, the long form of periodic table. Detailed discussion of the
following properties of the elements, with reference to s and p-block.
(a) Effective nuclear charge, shielding or screening effect, Slater rules, variation of
effective nuclear charge in periodic table.
(b) Atomic radii (van’der Waals)
(c) Ionic and crystal radii.
(d) Covalent radii (octahedral and tetrahedral)
(e) Ionization enthalpy, Successive ionization enthalpies and factors affecting ionization
energy. Applications of ionization enthalpy.
(f) Electron gain enthalpy, trends of electron gain enthalpy.
(g)Electronegativity, Pauling, Mullikan, Allred Rachow scales, electronegativity and

bond order, partial charge, hybridization, group electronegativity. Sanderson electron
density ratio
3. Chemical Bonding
(i) Ionic bond: General characteristics, types of ions, size effects, radius ratio rule and its
limitations. Packing of ions in crystals. Born-Landé equation with derivation, expression
for lattice energy. Madelung constant, Born-Haber cycle and its application, Solvation
energy.
(ii) Covalent bond: Lewis structure, Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory
(VSEPR), Shapes of simple molecules and ions containing lone-and bond-pairs of
electrons multiple bonding, sigma and pi-bond approach, Valence Bond theory, (Heitler-
London approach). Hybridization containing s, p and s, p, d atomic orbitals, shapes of
hybrid orbitals, Bents rule, Resonance and resonance energy, Molecular orbital theory.
Molecular orbital diagrams of simple homonuclear and heteronuclear diatomic molecules,
7
Chemistry (SCQP08)
MO diagrams of simple tri and tetra-atomic molecules, e.g., N2, O2, C2, B2, F2, CO,
NO, and their ions; HCl, BeF2, CO2, HCHO, (idea of s-p mixing and orbital interaction
to be given). Covalent character in ionic compounds, polarizing power and polarizability.
Fajan rules, polarization. Ionic character in covalent compounds: Bond moment and
dipole moment. ionic character from dipole moment and electronegativities.
4. Metallic bonding and Weak chemical forces
(iii) Metallic Bond: Qualitative idea of free electron model, Semiconductors, Insulators.
(iv) Weak Chemical Forces: van’der Waals, ion-dipole, dipole-dipole, induced dipole
dipoleinduced dipole interactions, Lenard-Jones 6-12 formula, hydrogen bond, effects of
hydrogen bonding on melting and boiling points, solubility, dissolution.
5. Oxidation-Reduction and general principle of metallurgy
Redox equations, Standard Electrode Potential and its application to inorganic reactions.
Occurrence of metals based on standard electrode potentials. Ellingham diagrams for
reduction of metal oxides using carbon or carbon monoxide as reducing agent.
Electrolytic Reduction, Hydrometallurgy. Methods of purification of metals: Electrolytic
Kroll process, Parting process, van Arkel- de Boer process and Mond’s process, Zone
refining.
6. Chemistry of s and p Block Elements
Inert pair effect, Relative stability of different oxidation states, diagonal relationship and
anomalous behavior of first member of each group. Allotropy and catenation. Complex
formation tendency of s and p block elements. Hydrides and their classification ionic,
covalent and interstitial. Basic beryllium acetate and nitrate.
Structure, bonding, preparation, properties and uses. Boric acid and borates, boron
nitrides, borohydrides (diborane) carboranes and graphitic compounds, silanes, Oxides
and oxoacids of nitrogen, Phosphorus and chlorine. Per-oxo acids of Sulphur inter-
halogen compounds, polyhalide ions, pseudo-halogens, properties of halogens.
7. Noble Gases
Occurrence and uses, rationalization of inertness of noble gases, Clathrates; preparation

and properties of XeF2, XeF4 and XeF6; Bonding in noble gas compounds (Valence
bond and MO treatment for XeF2), Shapes of noble gas compounds (VSEPR theory).
8. Inorganic Polymers
Types of inorganic polymers, comparison with organic polymers, synthesis, structural

aspects and applications of silicones and siloxanes. Borazines, silicates and
phosphazenes, and polysulphates.
2
Chemistry (SCQP08)
)
9. Coordination Chemistry
Werner’s theory, EAN rule, piano-stool compounds, valence bond theory (inner and outer
orbital complexes), Crystal field theory, d-orbital splitting, weak and strong fields, pairing
energies, factors affecting the magnitude of (Δ). Octahedral vs. tetrahedral coordination,
tetragonal distortions from octahedral geometry Jahn-Teller theorem, square planar
complexes, d orbital splitting in trigonal bipyramidal, square pyramidal and cubic ligand
field environments, CFSE, Variation of lattice energies, enthalpies of hydration and
crystal radii variations in halides of first and second row transition metal series,
Qualitative aspect of Ligand field theory, MO diagrams of representative coronation
complexes, IUPAC nomenclature of coordination compounds, isomerism in coordination
compounds. Stereochemistry of complexes with the coordination number 4 and 6, Chelate
effect,
10. Transition Elements
General group trends with special reference to electronic configuration, colour, variable
valency, magnetic and catalytic properties, and ability to form complexes. Stability of
various oxidation states and e.m.f. (Latimer & Bsworth diagrams). Difference between
the first, second and third transition series. Chemistry of Ti, V, Cr Mn, Fe and Co in
various oxidation states (excluding their metallurgy)
11. Lanthanoids and Actinides
Electronic configuration, oxidation states, color, spectra and magnetic behavior,

lanthanide contraction, separation of lanthanides (ion-exchange method only).
12. Bioinorganic Chemistry
Metal ions present in biological systems, classification of elements according to their

action in biological system. Geochemical effect on distribution of metals. Sodium / K-
pump, carbonic anhydrase and carboxypeptidase. Excess and deficiency of some trace
metals. Toxicity of metal ions (Hg, Pb, Cd and As), toxicity, chelating agents in
medicine. Iron and its application in biosystems, Haemoglobin; Storage and transfer of
iron.
13. Organometallic Compounds
Definition and classification of organometallic compounds on the basis of bond type.

Concept of hapticity of organic ligands. Metal carbonyls: 18 electron rule, electron count
of mononuclear, polynuclear and substituted metal carbonyls of 3d series. General
methods of preparation (direct combination, reductive carbonylation, thermal and
photochemical decomposition) of mono and binuclear carbonyls of 3d series. Structures
of mononuclear and binuclear carbonyls of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Ni using VBT. pi-
acceptor behaviour of CO (MO diagram of CO to be discussed), synergic effect and use
of IR data to explain extent of back bonding.
9
Chemistry (SCQP08)
Organic Chemistry
1. Basics of Organic Chemistry
Organic Compounds: Classification, and Nomenclature, Hybridization, Shapes of

molecules, Influence of hybridization on bond properties. Electronic Displacements:
Inductive, electromeric, resonance and mesomeric effects, hyperconjugation and their
applications; Dipole moment; Organic acids and bases; their relative strength. Homolytic
and Heterolytic fission with suitable examples. Curly arrow rules, formal charges;
Electrophiles and Nucleophiles; Nucleophlicity and basicity; Types, shape and relative
stabilities of reaction intermediates (Carbocations, Carbanions, Free radicals and
Carbenes). Organic reactions and their mechanism: Addition, Elimination and
Substitution reactions.
2. Stereochemistry
Concept of asymmetry, Fischer Projection, Newmann and Sawhorse projection formulae

and their interconversions; Geometrical isomerism: cis–trans and, syn-anti isomerism E/Z
notations with C.I.P rules. Optical Isomerism: Optical Activity, Specific Rotation,
Chirality/Asymmetry, Enantiomers, Molecules with two or more chiral-centres,
Distereoisomers, meso structures, Racemic mixtures, Relative and absolute configuration:
D/L and R/S designations.
3. Chemistry of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
Carbon-Carbon sigma bonds
Chemistry of alkanes: Formation of alkanes, Wurtz Reaction, Wurtz- Fittig Reactions,

Free radical substitutions: Halogenation - relative reactivity and selectivity.
Carbon-Carbon pi-bonds.
Formation of alkenes and alkynes by elimination reactions, Mechanism of E1, E2, E1cb
reactions. Saytzeff and Hofmann eliminations. Reactions of alkenes: Electrophilic
additions their mechanisms (Markownikoff/ Anti Markownikoff addition), mechanism of
oxymercuration demercuration, hydroboration- oxidation, ozonolysis, reduction (catalytic
and chemical), syn and anti-hydroxylation (oxidation). 1, 2- and 1, 4- addition reactions
in conjugated dienes and, DielsAlder reaction; Allylic and benzylic bromination and
mechanism, e.g. propene, 1-butene, toluene, ethyl benzene. Reactions of alkynes: Acidity,
Electrophilic and Nucleophilic additions.
4. Cycloalkanes and Conformational Analysis
Cycloalkanes and stability, Baeyer strain theory, Conformation analysis, Energy diagrams
of cyclohexane: Chair, Boat and Twist boat forms.
5. Aromatic Hydrocarbons
2
Chemistry (SCQP08)
)
Aromaticity: Huckel’s rule, aromatic character of arenes, cyclic carbocations/carbanions
and heterocyclic compounds with suitable examples. Electrophilic aromatic substitution:
halogenation, nitration, sulphonation and Friedel-Craft’s alkylation/acylation with their
mechanism. Directing effects of substituent groups.
6. Chemistry of Halogenated Hydrocarbons
Alkyl halides: Methods of preparation, nucleophilic substitution reactions – SN1, SN2

and SNi mechanisms with stereochemical aspects and effect of solvent etc.; nucleophilic
substitution vs. elimination.
Aryl halides: Preparation, including preparation from diazonium salts. nucleophilic
aromatic substitution; SNAr, Benzyne mechanism. Relative reactivity of alkyl,
allyl/benzyl, vinyl and aryl halides towards nucleophilic substitution reactions.
Organometallic compounds of Mg and Li and their use in synthesis.
7. Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers and Epoxides
Alcohols: preparation, properties and relative reactivity of 1°, 2°, 3° alcohols, Bouvaelt-
Blanc Reduction; Preparation and properties of glycols: Oxidation by periodic acid and
lead tetraacetate, Pinacol-Pinacolone rearrangement.
Phenols: Preparation and properties; Acidity and factors effecting it, Ring substitution
reactions, Reimer–Tiemann and Kolbe’s–Schmidt Reactions, Fries and Claisen
rearrangements with mechanism.
Ethers and Epoxides: Preparation and reactions with acids. Reactions of epoxides with
alcohols, ammonia derivatives and LiAlH4
8. Carbonyl Compounds
Structure, reactivity and preparation; Nucleophilic additions, Nucleophilic addition-

elimination reactions with ammonia derivatives with mechanism; Mechanisms of Aldol
and Benzoin condensation, Knoevenagel condensation, Claisen-Schmidt, Perkin,
Cannizzaro and Wittig reaction, Beckmann and Benzil-Benzilic acid rearrangements,
haloform reaction and Baeyer Villiger oxidation, α-substitution reactions, oxidations and
reductions (Clemmensen, WolffKishner, LiAlH4, NaBH4, MPV, PDC and PGC);
Addition reactions of unsaturated carbonyl compounds: Michael addition.
Active methylene compounds: Keto-enol tautomerism. Preparation and synthetic

applications of diethyl malonate and ethyl acetoacetate.
9. Carboxylic Acids and their Derivative s
Preparation, physical properties and reactions of monocarboxylic acids: Typical reactions

of dicarboxylic acids, hydroxy acids and unsaturated acids: succinic/phthalic, lactic,
malic, tartaric, citric, maleic and fumaric acids; Preparation and reactions of acid
chlorides, anhydrides, esters and amides; Comparative study of nucleophilic substitution
at acyl group -Mechanism of acidic and alkaline hydrolysis of esters, Claisen
11
Chemistry (SCQP08)
condensation, Dieckmann and Reformatsky reactions, Hofmann bromamide degradation
and Curtius rearrangement.
10. Sulphur containing compounds
Preparation and reactions of thiols, thioethers and sulphonic acids
11. Nitrogen Containing Functional Groups
Preparation and important reactions of nitro and compounds, nitriles and isonitriles
Amines: Effect of substituent and solvent on basicity; Preparation and properties: Gabriel
phthalimide synthesis, Carbylamine reaction, Mannich reaction, Hoffmann’s exhaustive
methylation, Hofmann-elimination reaction; Distinction between 1°, 2° and 3° amines
with Hinsberg reagent and nitrous acid. Diazonium salts: Preparation and synthetic
applications.
12. Polynuclear Hydrocarbons
Reactions of naphthalene phenanthrene and anthracene Structure, Preparation and

structure elucidation and important derivatives of naphthalene and anthracene;
Polynuclear hydrocarbons.
13. Heterocyclic Compounds
Classification and nomenclature, Structure, aromaticity in 5-numbered and 6-membered

rings containing one heteroatom; Synthesis, reactions and mechanism of substitution
reactions of Furan, Pyrrole (Paal-Knorr synthesis, Knorr pyrrole synthesis, Hantzsch
synthesis), Thiophene, Pyridine (Hantzsch synthesis), Pyrimidine, Structure elucidation
of indole, Fischer indole synthesis and Madelung synthesis), Structure elucidation of
quinoline and isoquinoline, Skraup synthesis, Friedlander’s synthesis, Knorr quinoline
synthesis, Doebner-Miller synthesis, Bischler-Napieralski reaction, Pictet-Spengler
reaction, Pomeranz-Fritsch reaction Derivatives of furan: Furfural and furoic acid.
14. Alkaloids
Natural occurrence, General structural features, Isolation and their physiological action
Hoffmann’s exhaustive methylation, Emde’s modification, Structure elucidation and
synthesis of Hygrine and Nicotine. Medicinal importance of Nicotine, Hygrine, Quinine,
Morphine, Cocaine, and Reserpine
15. Terpenes
Occurrence, classification, isoprene rule; Elucidation of stucture and synthesis of Citral,

Neral and α-terpineol.
2
Chemistry (SCQP08)
)
16. Organic Spectroscopy
Basic Principles of UV Spectroscopy:
Application of Woodward-Fiser rule in interpretation of Organic compounds: Application

of visible, ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy in organic molecules. Electromagnetic
radiation, electronic transitions, λmax & εmax, chromophore, auxochrome, bathochromic
and hypsochromic shifts. Application of electronic spectroscopy and Woodward rules for
calculating λmax of conjugated dienes and α,β – unsaturated compounds.
Basic principles of IR Spectroscopy:
Identification of Functional groups of various classes of organic compounds: Infrared

radiation and types of molecular vibrations, functional group and fingerprint region. IR
spectra of alkanes, alkenes and simple alcohols (inter and intramolecular hydrogen
bonding), aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and their derivatives (effect of substitution
on >C=O stretching absorptions).
NMR (1 H and 13C NMR):
Application of Chemical Shifts, Splitting of signals, Spin coupling and Over Houser
effect in interpretation of NMR spectra, Isotopic exchange
Basic principles Mass Spectrometry:
Application of fragmentation rule in characterization of organic compounds. Problems on

structure elucidation of organic compounds based on spectral data
13
Computer Science and InformationTechnology (SCQP09)
)
Syllabus
for
Computer Science and Information
Technology (SCQP09)
1
Computer Science and InformationTechnology (SCQP09)
Note:
Computer Science and Information Technology (SCQP09)

Thinking and Decision Making: Creative thinking, unfamiliar relationships, verbalreasoning, finding
patterns trends and Assessment of figures & diagrams.
 Geometrical designs &Identification
 Selection of related letters / words / numbers /figures
 Identification of odd thing / item out from a group
 Completion of numerical series based on the pattern /logic
 Fill in the blanks of the series based on the numerical pattern and logic of the series
 Syllogisms (logic-based questions), Identification of logic & selection of correct answers based on
the logic
Mathematics:
 Set Theory: Concept of sets – Union, Intersection, Cardinality, Elementary counting; permutations
and combinations. • Probability and Statistics: Basic concepts of probability theory, Averages,
Dependent and independent events, frequency distributions, measures of central tendencies and
dispersions.
 Algebra: Fundamental operations in algebra, expansions, factorization, simultaneous linear /quadratic
equations, indices, logarithms, arithmetic, geometric and harmonic progressions, determinants and
matrices.
 Coordinate Geometry: Rectangular Cartesian coordinates, distance formulae, equation of a line, and
intersection of lines, pair of straight lines, equations of a circle, parabola, ellipse and hyperbola.
 Calculus: Limit of functions, continuous function, differentiation of function, tangents and normal,
simple examples of maxima and minima. Integration of functions by parts, by substitution and by
partial fraction, definite integrals, applications of definite integrals to areas.
 Vectors: Position vector, addition and subtraction of vectors, scalar and vector products and their
applications to simple geometrical problems and mechanics.
 Trigonometry: Simple identities, trigonometric equations, properties of triangles, solution of triangles,
heights and distances, general solutions of trigonometric equations.
Computer Awareness:
 Computer Basics: Organization of a computer, Central Processing Unit (CPU), structure of
instructions in CPU, input/output devices, computer memory, and back-up devices.
 Data Representation: Representation of characters, integers and fractions, binary and hexadecimal
representations, binary arithmetic: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, simple arithmetic and
two’s complement arithmetic, floating point representation of numbers, Boolean algebra, truth tables,
Venn diagrams.
2
Criminology (SCQP10)
)
Syllabus
for
1
Note:
GENERAL AWARENESS ABOUT CRIME, LAW AND SOCIAL ISSUES.
Basic Understanding of Indian Constitution:

Fundamental Rights – DPSP
High Profile or Sensational Criminal Cases in Past and Present Scenario:

Murder, Rape, Child Abuse, Human Trafficking, Corruption, Scams, Cyber Crime,
Terrorism, etc.
Structure and Functions of Indian Criminal Justice System:

Police/Law Enforcement, Judiciary and Prisons/Correctional System.
Basic Knowledge about Indian Laws:

IPC, Cr PC and Special and Local Laws - For Examples (but not limited to), Offence against
Human Body, Offence against Property, Offences against Women and Children, Offences
against State, etc. FIR, Arrest and Bail Procedures in Cr PC; Basic Awareness of Juvenile
Justice Act, POCSO Act, Protection of Women fromDomestic Violence Act 2005, Sexual
Harassment of Women at Workplace Act, 2013, etc.
Basic Understanding of Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation.
Social Issues:
Violence against Women and Children – Child Labour, Child Marriage, Dowry, Domestic Violence, Sexual
Violence, Acid Attack, Caste and Communal Conflicts; Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Violence, Drug
Addiction, Human Rights Violations.
2
Environmental Science(SCQP11)
Syllabus
for
Environmental Sciences/Studies
(SCQP11)
1
Note:
Environmental Sciences/Studies (SCQP11)
Earth Sciences: Structure and composition of Environment- Atmosphere, Hydrosphere and

Lithosphere, Earth Processes, Mineral and Power Resources in India, Biogeochemical Cycles, Meteorology,
Climate Change, Origin and evolution of earth, Mineral and Power Resources in India.
Physical and Chemical Sciences: Fundamentals, Atmospheric Chemistry, Water Chemistry,

Geochemistry, Green Chemistry. Water - physical characteristics, buffering capacity, Essential and trace
elements in living systems, Bio-molecules - chemical components of cells, Bio- geochemical cycles –
carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus, Hydrological cycle and global water balance, Toxicity of Heavy metals.
Life Sciences:
Origin of life: Theories of evolution, genetic drift, speciation, cell organelles, cell division, modes of
reproduction, principles of inheritance, epistasis, mutations, chromosomal aberrations, extrachromosomal
inheritance.
Genetic Material: DNA structure and replication, transcription and translation, chromosome structure,
protein structure, mutability and repair of DNA, reverse genetics.
Photosynthesis, Plant growth hormones, Dormancy and seed germination, Respiration

Plant and Animal systematics: Bryophytes, Tracheophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms. Membrane
structure and Ion transport, ATPase - structure and function, Photosynthesis, Photoperiodism,
Vernalization, RUBISCO.
Animal systematics, physiology and diseases: Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Chordata, Protostomia; Anatomy
and physiology of humans; major classes of bacterial and viral pathogens, Apoptosis and cancer,
inherited diseases, animal cell culture.
Ecology and Environment: Biosphere, Organizational levels of biosphere, Ecosystem: Structure and
Types, Food Chain and Energy Flow, Population and Community Ecology, Biodiversity andits
Conservation.
Microbiology and Biotechnology: Principles of Microbiology, Microbiology of Air, Water, Soil, Sewage,
Recombinant DNA technology, principles of gene cloning, transposition, applications of biotechnology
in medicine, industry, agriculture and environment.
Natural resources and Management: Natural Resources-Forest, Water, Minerals, Marine, Energy
(Renewable and Nonrenewable) - Sources, Threats, Conservation and Management,
Global Environmental issues: ozone depletion and global warming, Acid rain and Smog,
Sustainable Development.
2
Environmental Pollution: Air, Water, Soil, Noise Pollution- Sources, Causes, Effects,
Consequences.
Waste Management: Solid waste - disposal, Management; Waste to energy conversion. Instrumentation:
Principles and applications of microscopy, spectrophotometry, centrifugation, radioisotope techniques,
electrophoresis and chromatographic separation techniques, Blottingand hybridization techniques.
3
Food Science and Technology (SCQP12)
)
Syllabus
for
Food Science and Technology
(SCQP12)
1
Note:
Introduction to Food Science and Technology:

Definition, scope and current trends in food science and technology. Food
Groups, Nutrients and Balanced Diet.
Definition and meaning of food, nutrition, nutrient, health, concept and characteristics of a balanced
diet.
Introduction to basic food groups and nutrients, food pyramid, macro and micronutrients. Effect of
processing on nutrients. Browning reactions in foods. Classification (enzymatic, non- enzymatic and
metallic browning), causes and prevention of browning
Cereals and Pulses
Composition and nutritive value, types of cereals, processing of cereals and pulses (gelatinization of starch
and the factors affecting it, germination and fermentation), toxic constituents in pulses, milling of pulses.
Fruits and vegetables
Classification of fruits and vegetables, composition and nutritive value; effect of processing onpigments.
Chocolate and cocoa products
Cocoa bean processing, preparation of chocolate liquor, cocoa butter and chocolate.
THEORY
Milk and milk products
Composition and nutritive value
Introduction to liquid milk technology (clarification, pasteurization, homogenization, fortification,
sterilization), Types of milk, Effect of processing on milk, Introduction to milk products.
Eggs
Composition and nutritive value. Structure of an egg. Egg quality and deterioration. Green ring
formation in boiled egg, preservation of eggs. Egg foams – stages of preparation and factors affecting
them. Effect of heat on egg proteins; functions of eggs in cookery.
Meat, Fish and Poultry
Composition and nutritive value. Selection/purchasing criteria for meat, fish and poultry.
Tenderization of meat.
Sugar
Composition and nutritive value. Properties of sugars. Manufacturing/refining of sucrose. Sugar cookery
– crystalline and non- crystalline candies, sugar-based products.
Fats and oils
Composition and nutritive value. Types of fats/oils and their functions. Rancidity in fat and its
prevention. Changes in fat during heating. Care of fat used for frying, emulsions.
Introduction to food hygiene and food adulteration

Food hygiene, factors affecting food safety, personal hygiene. Adulteration, adulterants and their effects on
health.
2
)
BASIC BAKING TECHNOLOGY

Baking Industry and its scope in the Indian economy. History of Bakery - present trends, prospects Nutrition
facts of bakery products.
Wheat Grain Technology

Wheat grain– its structure. Milling of wheat; types of refined wheat flour; composition of refined wheat
flour (gluten, amylose/ amylopectin, enzyme activity, moisture) and its storage.
Cake Technology
Preparation of cakes - types of cakes; ingredients used; methods of batter preparation; steps in cake
making; balancing of cake formula; evaluation of the baked cake; operational faults in cakeprocessing
and the remedial measures. Labeling and Packaging. Costing
Cake decoration- different methods of cake decoration
Pastry Technology
Preparation of pastry - types of pastries (short crust, puff/flaky and choux pastry); ingredients; processing and
evaluation. faults and remedies
INTRODUCTION TO FOOD SAFETY AND PRESERVATION
Purpose and Scope of Preservation. Objectives of preservation and processing. Scope of preservation
industry in India. Post-harvest Changes and Spoilage. Physical, chemical and microbiological changes in
fruits and vegetables. Factors affecting growth of microorganisms and the control measures
Food Safety
Key terms, factors affecting food safety, recent concerns.
Food laws, standards and regulations. Food additives and contaminants. Hygiene and sanitation
Principles and Methods of Preservation

Asepsis. Use of low temperature, Use of high temperature. Removal of moisture. Removal of air, Use of
chemical preservatives. Fermentation. Irradiation. Gas preservation. Newer methods
Fruit and Vegetable Processing

Sauces and Beverages. Chutney and sauces- definition, method of preservation, steps in preparation of
chutney and sauces. Fruit beverages- definition and classification, method of preservation (with special
emphasis on pasteurization, use of chemical preservatives, sugar), roleof various ingredients.
ADVANCED BAKING TECHNOLOGY

Bread Technology. Preparation of bread - ingredients used; methods of dough preparation; steps in bread
processing; evaluation of the baked bread; staling of bread; diseases of bread.
Biscuit and Cookies Technology

Preparation of biscuits and cookies – types; ingredients; processing and evaluation. Crackers
Food Packaging
Packaging – it’s importance, essential features of an ideal package; various food packaging
materials and their characteristics recent trends in the field of packaging (active packaging,
intelligent packaging, RFID) label regulations and designing for packaged foods , nutritional
labelling.
Marketing and Cost Control

Marketing - definition, scope, understanding the 4Ps – (Product, Price, Place, Promotion), marketing
techniques, marketing and distribution of processed products. Cost control – food cost, labor cost and other
costs; costing of processed products.
3
ADVANCED FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRESERVATION TECHNOLOGY
Dehydration and Concentration –

Definition and objectives, method of preservation, normal dryingcurve, water activity, factors affecting rate
of drying, sun drying, types of dehydrators (air convection, drum, freeze and vacuum driers) steps in
dehydration of fruits and vegetable.
Concentration- definition and objectives, techniques
Refrigeration and Freezing

Definition and objectives, difference between freezing and refrigeration, systems of refrigeration, method
of preservation, steps in freezing fruits and vegetables, cryogenic freezing of fruits and vegetables,
evaluation.
Canning
Definition and objectives, selection of fruits and vegetables, method of preservation, steps of canning
fruits and vegetables (with special emphasis on blanching, exhausting and heat processing), spoilage
of canned foods
Introduction to New Food Product Development

Need and importance for developing a new product, types of new products, challenges, failure of new
product. Fruit and Vegetable Processing –Pectin Products Preserves and Pickles. Jam, Jelly and Marmalade-
definition, role of pectin and theory of gel formation, method of preservation, steps of preparation,
evaluation. Preserves- definition, method of preservation, steps of preparation, evaluation, candied,
crystallized and glazed fruits. Pickles- definition, classification, method of preservation, steps of preparation
of vinegar pickles, evaluation.
FOOD SAFETY, HYGIENE AND QUALITY TESTING

Food Laws and Regulations. Introduction to food acts laws and standards. National food safety and standard
act. International standards, regulatory agencies. Consumer protection act
Food Quality Management

Characteristics of quality. Quality Control, Quality Assurance. Total Quality Management. Quality
Management System. Good Manufacturing Practices. Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point System
Introduction to Food Safety and Hygiene

Food hygiene. Factors affecting food safety. Food spoilage. Food handling. Special requirements for high-
risk foods, Safe food cooking temperature and storage techniques.
Hygiene and Sanitation in Food Service Institutions

Cleaning and disinfection. Personal hygiene. Pest control. Waste disposal
Sensory Methods of Food Quality Testing

Sensation of taste, smell, appearance and flavor, sensory evaluation techniques
Objective Methods of Food Quality Testing

Physical test methods (moisture, acidity, water activity, texture, viscosity, color) Simple methods of
chemical analysis (protein, fat, water, ash). Microbiological sampling and testing.
2
Forensic Science (SCQP13)
)
Syllabus
for
1
Note:
INTRODUCTION TO FORENSIC SCIENCE

Definition, History, Development and Scope of Forensic Science in India. Basic Principles of
Forensic Science and its Significance, Organization and Functioning of State and Central
Forensic Science Laboratories, Ethics in Forensic Science.
PHYSICAL EVIDENCES
Definition, Types, Class and Individual Characteristics, Different Searching Methods for Locating
Physical Evidences at Scene of Crime, Chain of Custody.
FUNDAMENTAL OF POLICE-
Historical Development of Police System in India. Police in Indian Constitution. Objective of
Police, General organization of Police at State & Range Level. Police Organization under
Central Government: General Information, Structure and Function of
A. [1] BSF (2] Assam Rifles [3] CRPF [4] CISF [5] ITBP [6] NSG
[1] BPR & D [2) CBI [3] lB [4] RAW [5] NCRB [6) NICFS [7] NPA [8] UT PoliceForce.
POLICE SCIENCE-
Definition & Scope. Who is an Investigator, Investigator & his Qualities, General Guidelines for
Investigator, Interview of Witness and Interrogation of suspect.
SCENE OF CRIME-
Meaning, Types , Protection of Scene of Crime, Crime Scene Documentation- Note Taking,
Videography, Photography and, Sketching Methods, Importance of Photography, General
Guidelines, Admissibility in Court, Various forms such as Videography.
CRIME SCENE MANAGEMENT AND RECONSTRUCTION-

Elements of Crime Scene Management: - Information Management, Technology Management, Man-Power
Management & Logistic Management. Introduction to Crime Scene Reconstruction, Nature of Reconstruction,
Basic Principles for Physical Evidence and Reconstruction (Recognition, Identification, Individualization
And Reconstruction), Stages in Reconstruction, Types of Reconstruction, Pattern Evidence in Reconstruction
(Bloodstain Pattern Analysis for Reconstruction, Glass Fracture Patterns, Fire Burn Patterns, Tire and Skid
Mark Patterns), Writing A Reconstruction Report. IPC (1860), Cr. P.C (1973) and IEA (1872)
INDIAN PENAL CODE (1860)-

Pertaining to Offences against Persons — Sections l20A, 299, 300, 302,304A, 304B, 307, 309,
319, 320, 324, 326, 351, 354, 359, 362. Sections 375 & 377 and their Amendments.
Pertaining to Offences against Property Sections — 378, 383, 390, 391, 405,415, 420, 441,
463, 4- 7, 498A, 499, 503, 511. Cr.P.C. (1973) Sections- 26, 27, 29, 31, 144, 154-158, 176, 291,
2
)
292, 293. IEA (1872) - Evidence and Rules of Relevancy in Brief, Expert Witness, Cross
Examination and Re-Examination of Witnesses. Sections - 32, 45, 46, 135, 136, 137, 138
FINGER PRINTS, DOCUMENTS AND OTHER IMPRESSIONS-

Fingerprints: History, Types of Fingerprints, Type of Finger Print Patterns, Different
Classifications, Systems Location and Preservation of Fingerprints, Development of Latent
Prints by Physical and Chemical Methods, Matching of Fingerprints.
Documents: Definition of Questioned Documents, Types of Documents, Types of Writing
Instruments their Characteristics and Examination, Paper and its Examination, Basic Tools
needed for Forensic Document Examination- Ultraviolet, Visible, Infrared, and Fluorescence
Spectroscopy, Photomicrography, Microphotography, Visible Spectral Comparator, Electrostatic
Detection Apparatus.
Hand Writing: Hand Writing and its Characteristics, Factors Affecting Hand Writing,
Samples for Comparison, Comparison of Hand Writings, Disguised and Indented Writings and
their Detection, Typed and Computer Generated Documents, their Comparison, Alteration in
Documents and their Detection, Foot & Shoe Prints, Methods of their Preservation and
Examination, Tyre Marks and Track Marks and their Examination.
FORENSIC BIOLOGY AND SEROLOGY-

Brief Description and Function of Human Digestive System, Respiratory System, Circulatory
System, Nervous System, Reproductive System.
Structure, Composition and Examination of biological fluids like - Blood and Bloodstains,
Seminal stains, Saliva, Urine, Pus, Feces etc.
Hair and Fiber: Hair Anatomy, Collection, Examination of Hairs from Animal and Human
Origin. Types of Fiber and their Properties, Examination etc.
Forensic Botany: Introduction, Nature & Scope, Woods & their Identification and Matching,
Diatoms and their Forensic Significance in Drowning Cases, Study and Identification of Pollen
Grains.
D N A: Structure of DNA, Polymorphism in DNA, General idea about RFLP and PCR Methods of
Biological Fluid Analysis, Merits and Demerits of RFLP and PCR, Advanced Methods for
Forensic DNA Examination etc.
CHEMICAL SEPARATION AND INSTRUMENTAL TECHNIQU

General Understanding Of: Distillations, Sublimation, Crystallization, Solvent Extraction.
Chromatographic Techniques: Definition, Different Classification like- According to Mode, Principle,

Stationary Phase, etc., brief idea about Column Chromatography, Paper
Chromatography, Thin Layer Chromatography, Gas Liquid Chromatography,
LiquidChromatography, Hyphenated Chromatographic techniques as LC-MS, GG-
MS etc.
Electromagnetic Spectrum & Spectroscopic Methods — Principle, Apparatus, Procedure
& Importance: Emission Spectroscopy, Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, UV Spectroscopy,
Electron Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, IR & FTIR Spectroscopy.
General Idea About: Neutron Activation Analysis, Mass Spectrometry

Electrophoresis- Principle, Types, Equipment and Processing, Immune electrophoresis,
Analysis of Proteins by electrophoresis and their detection.
3
FORENSIC MEDICINE:
Meaning And Scope, Identification of a Person: Through all Factors in Fixing Identity, Post-
Mortem Examination (Autopsy) (Types of Autopsy, Objectives, and Procedures), Meaning &
Modes of Death, and their Characteristics, Signs of Death and Post-Mortem Changes. Wounds and
their Characteristics, Injuries due to Heat, Lighting, Electricity and Radiation, Firearm Injuries,
Differentiation between Ante-Mortem and Post-Mortem Wounds.
FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY AND DRUG ANALYSIS —
Poison and Types of Poisoning, Action of Poison, Factors Modifying the Action of Poison,
Extraction, Isolation and Clean-Up Procedures- For Non-Volatile Organic Poison, Volatile
Poisons, Toxic Cations or Metallic Poisons, Toxic Anions From Viscera, Drugs, Botanical
Evidence, Biological Evidence etc.
General idea and Examination of Opium, Semi — Synthetic Opiates, Cannabis products Such
as Bhang, Ganja And Charas, LSD And Amphetamine, Important Benzodiazepines,
Phenothiazines, Barbiturates Etc. Animal Poisons Like Snake, Cantharides, Bees, Wasp etc.
GENERAL CHEMISTRY:
Photochemistry: Interaction of Radiation with Matter, Difference between Thermal and
Photochemical Processes, Laws of Photochemistry, Grothus-Drapper Law, Stark-Einstein Law.
Jabolonski Diagram, Description of Fluorescence, Phosphoresence, Non-radiative Processes,
Quantum Yield, Photosensitized Reactions, Energy Transfer Processes etc.
Organic Chemistry- Structure and Bonding: Hybridization, Bond Length and Bond Angles,
Bond Energy, Localized and Delocalized Chemical Bond. Structure and Characteristics of
Alkane, Alkene, and Cycloalkane, Alcohol, Phenol, Ethers, Aldehyde, Ketone, Carboxylic Acid
etc.
Inorganic Chemistry- Trends in Periodic Table and Applications in Predicting and Explaining the Physical
and Chemical Behaviors. Definitions of Acid and Base, Classification of Acids andBases, Essential and
Trace Elements in Biological Process, Metallo Porphyrins with Special Reference to Haemoglobin, Types of
Magnetic Behaviors, Method of Determining Magnetic Susceptibility, Spin only Formula, L-S Coupling.
BASIC PHYSICS
Physical Properties: Temperature, Weight and Mass, Density, Refractive Index,
Diffraction, Polarization.
Laws of Motion- Motion in a Uniform Field, Centripetal Acceleration, Motion under a
Central Force.
Basic Optics: Light as an Electromagnetic wave, Interference of Light, Principle of
Superposition, Two-Slit Interference, Michelson Interferometer and its Application.
Microscopy: Numerical Aperture and Resolving Power of Microscopic Systems, How the Microscope
Forms Images; Simple, Compound, Stereoscopic, Polarizing, Comparison, Fluorescence and Electron
Microscopes.
2
Geology, Earth Science (SCQP14)
)
Syllabus
for
Geology, Earth Sciences (SCQP14)
1
Note:
Geology, Earth Sciences (SCQP14)
UNIT-I
Physical Geology:
Introduction to Geology and its scope, Earth and solar system: origin, size, shape, mass, density and its
atmosphere. A brief account of various theories regarding the origin andage of the Earth. Brief idea of
interior of earth and its composition. Weathering and erosion: factors, types and their effects. Earthquakes:
nature of seismic waves, their intensity and magnitude scale; Origin of earthquake. Volcanoes: types,
products and causes of volcanism.
Geomorphology:
Basic principles of Geomorphology, geomorphological cycles, weathering and erosion; geomorphic
mapping- tools and techniques. Epigene/ exogenic processes: degradation and aggradation.
Hypogene/endogenic processes; Diastrophism and volcanism, Extraterrestrial processes; Geological work of
wind, glacier, river, underground water andocean.
Geodynamics:
Earth as a dynamic system. Elementary idea of continental drift, sea-floor spreading andmid-oceanic ridges.
Paleomagnetism and its application. Plate Tectonics: the concept, plate margins, orogeny, deep sea trenches,
island arcs and volcanic arcs.
Environmental Geology:
Earth and its spheres: atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, biosphere and Man; Earth Material. Energy
budget: Solar radiation. Global environments: coastal, riverine, desertic, tropical, cold, polar. Concept of
global warming and climate change. Geological hazards: Earthquakes, volcanism, landslides, avalanches,
floods, droughts; Hazard mitigation.
Resource Management: Energy resources (Conventional and non-conventional), watershed management,
land use planning, management of water resources, landreclamation.
Structural Geology:
Introduction to Structural Geology; contours, topographic and geological maps; Elementary idea of bed, dip
and strike; Outcrop, effects of various structures on outcrop. Clinometer/Brunton compass and its use.
Elementary idea of types of deformation; Folds: nomenclature and types of folds. Faults: nomenclature,
geometrical and genetic classifications, normal, thrust and slip faults. Definition, kinds and significance of
joints and unconformity.
Hydrology:
Definition of hydrogeology, Hydrological cycle. Hydrological parameters - Precipitation, evaporation,
transpiration and infiltration. Origin of groundwater; Vertical distribution ofgroundwater. Types of aquifers;
2
)
Water bearing properties of rocks - Porosity and Permeability; specific yield, specific retention. Surface and
subsurface geophysical and geological methods of ground water exploration. Groundwater provinces of India.
Physical Geography
Definition and Scope, Components of Earth System. Atmosphere – Heat Balance, Global Circulation
Pattern, Tropical Cyclones, Monsoon, Climatic Classification (Koppen).Lithosphere
– Internal Structure of Earth based on Seismic Evidence, Plate Tectonics andits Associated Features. Fluvial
Cycle of Erosion – Davis and Penck. Hydrosphere – Hydrological Cycle, Ocean Bottom Relief Features,
Tides and Currents.
Fundamentals of Remote sensing & GIS:

Remote sensing systems; remote sensing sensors; signatures of rocks, minerals and soils. Application of
remote sensing in geoscience and geomorphological studies. Types of Indian and Foreign Remote Sensing
Satellites, Digital image processing; fundamental stepsin image processing; elements of pattern recognition
and image classification.
Introduction to Geographic Information System (GIS); components of GIS; product generation in
GIS; tools for map analysis; integration of GIS with remote sensing.
UNIT-II
Crystallography:
Crystals and their characters, form, face, edge, solid angle; Interfacial angle and their measurements;
Crystallographic axes and angles. Crystal parameters, Weiss and Miller system of notations. Symmetry
elements and description of normal class of Isometric, Tetragonal, Hexagonal, Trigonal, Orthorhombic,
Monoclinic and Triclinic systems.
Mineralogy:
Introduction to Mineralogy, Definition and characters of mineral. Physical properties of minerals. Chemical
composition and diagnostic physical properties of minerals such as: Quartz, Orthoclase, Microcline,
Hypersthene, Hornblende, Garnet, Muscovite, Biotite, Chlorite, Olivine, Epidote, Calcite. Polarizing
microscope, its parts and functioning; Ordinary and polarized lights; Common optical properties observed
under ordinary, polarized lights and crossed nicols. Optical properties of some common rock forming
minerals (Quartz, Orthoclase, Microcline, Olivine, Augite, Hornblende, Muscovite, Biotite,Garnet, Calcite).
Geochemistry:
Introduction to geochemistry: basic knowledge about crystal chemistry. Types of chemical bonds,
coordination number; Colloids in geological systems, ion exchanges and geological evidence for earlier
colloids. Elementary idea of Periodic Table. : Cosmic abundance of elements; Composition of the planets and
meteorites; geochemical evolution of the earth and geochemical cycles. Gold Schmidt's geochemical
classification of elements; Distribution of major, minor and trace elements in igneous, metamorphic and
sedimentary rocks. Elements of geochemical thermodynamics; Isomorphism and polymorphism.
Petrology:
Igneous Petrology: Magma: definition, composition, types and origin; Forms of igneousrocks; textures of
igneous rocks. Reaction principle; Differentiation and Assimilation;Crystallization of unit-component and
bi-component (mix-crystals) systems; Bowen’s reaction series. Mineralogical and chemical classification of
igneous rocks. Detailed petrographic description of Granite, Granodiorite, Rhyolite, Syenite, Phonolite,
Diorite, Gabbro. Processes of formation of sedimentary rocks; Classification, textures and structures of
sedimentary rocks. Petrographic details of important siliciclastic and carbonate rocks such as - conglomerate,
breccia, sandstone, greywacke, shale, lime stones. Process and products of metamorphism; Type of
metamorphism. Factors, zonesand grades of metamorphism. Textures and structures of metamorphic rocks.
Classification of metamorphic rocks. Petrographic details of some important metamorphicrocks such as - slate,
schists, gneiss, quartzite, marble.
3
Economic Geology:
Concept of ore and ore deposits, ore minerals and gangue minerals; Tenor of ores; Metallic and non-
metallic ore minerals; Strategic, Critical and essential minerals.
Processes of formation of ore deposits; Magmatic, contact metasomatic, hydrothermal,sedimentation. Study
of important metallic (Cu, Pb, Zn Mn, Fe, Au, Al) and non-metallic(industrial) minerals (gypsum, magnesite,
mica). Distribution of coal and petroleum in India.
Mineral exploration:
Elementary idea of geological, geochemical and geophysical prospecting. Elementary idea of mining and
environmental considerations for mining.
Stratigraphy:
Definition, Principle of stratigraphy; Geological Time Scale and stratigraphic classification; Physiographic
division of India. Study of following Precambrian succession: Dharwar, Cuddapha, Vindhyan and Delhi
Supergroups; Brief idea of Palaeozoic succession of northwestern Himalaya; Triassic of Spiti; Mesozoic type
secession of Kutch and Rajasthan;Cretaceous of Tiruchirapalli. Study of following type localities: Gondwana
and Deccan Trap. Paleogene- Neogene sequences of northwest Himalaya and Assam.
Paleontology:
Definition, Fossils: definition, characters, binomial nomenclature in taxonomy, mode of preservation,
condition of fossilization and significance of fossils. Morphology and geological distribution of brachiopods,
pelecypods, cephalopods. Morphology and geological distribution of trilobite, echinoidea. Evolutionary
history of horse. Morphology,distribution and significance of Gondwana flora.
2
Geophysics (SCQP15)
)
Syllabus
for
Geophysics (SCQP15)
1
Geophysics (SCQP15)
Note:
Geophysics (SCQP15)
PHYSICS:
• Mechanics and wave Motion: -

Gallilean invariance, Inertial, noninertial and accelerated frame. Principle ofequivalence,
Various forces and energy considerations in motions of plants and satellites, conservation of
linear momentum, variable mass, Moment of Inertia, Kineticenergy, Radius of gyration,
Conservation of Angular momentum, Beats, Lissajous figures LCR circuits, Resonance,
Fourier series.
• Electromagnetic Theory and Electronics: -

Maxwell’s equations, Displacement current, travelling waves, E M Fields in coaxial cable,
Poynting vector, Progagation of e.m. waves. Semiconductors, P-n junction, transistor, Rectifiers,
Filters, Common Emitter voltage amplifier.
• Optics: -
Newton’s rings, Michelson’s interfer ammeter, coherence, Lasser, Fresnel and Franhoffer
diffraction, and diffraction patterns, Polarisation, Brewster’s Law, Optic axis, Nicol Prism,
Huygen’s theory of double diffraction.
• Thermodynamics and statistical Mechanics: -

Entropy, Reversible and irreversible process, S.T. diagram, Enthalphy, Helmholtz andGibb’s
functions, Maxwell’s and T-ds equations, Energy and Heat capacity equations,
Clausiusclapeyron equations, specific heat, Thermodynamics,
Black body radiations, Laws of radiation, Temperature of the Sun, Planek’s radiation formula, Photo-
electric effect, Crompton effect, Raman Effect, Duality, Michelson- Morley experiment.
MATHEMATICS:
Algebra:
• Partial fractions, inequalities, Theory of equations, algebra of matrices, properties of determinatesand

its application to solve linear simultaneous equations,
2
Geophysics (SCQP15)
)
Trigonometry:
• De Moivre’s theorem, logarithms of complex quantics and expansion of functions.
Calculus:
• Successive differentiation, asymptotes, curve tracing, curvature, maxima and minima, partial
differentiations in determinate forms, mean value theorems, integration and reduction formulae and
evaluation of area. Volume, surface and lengths.
Geometry:
• Hyperbola in rectangular coordinates, polar equation of a conic, general equation of second degree,
confocal and system of conics, straight lines, plane, sphere, cone , cylinder and central conecoids in
three dimensions.
Vectors:
• Divergence, grade and curl of vectors, Gauss, Stokes and Green’s theorems with their applications,
Differential equations:
• Linear differential equations with constant coefficients, orthogonal trajectory, simple non linear
differential equations, Integral equations and solution of linear differential equations using Laplace
transform.
Mechanics:
• Forces in two dimensions, Virtual work, catenary, Center of gravity, friction, S H M, Projectiles,
constrained motion, moments and product of inertia, equation of motion of a rigid body, D Alembert’s
principle, compound pendulum, conservation of energy and momentum, centre of pressure and laws of
floatation.
3
Horticulture, Forestry, Seed Science, Rural Technology, Agronomy, Plant Breeding, Genetics (SCQP16)
Syllabus
for
Horticulture, Forestry, Seed
Science, Rural Technology,
Agronomy, Plant Breeding,
Genetics (SCQP16)
1
Note:
Horticulture, Forestry, Seed Science, Rural Technology,

Agronomy, Plant Breeding, Genetics (SCQP16)
Basic Biology: Spontaneous generation theory, prokaryotes vs eukaryotes, functional anatomy, structure and
organization of bacteria, fungi and algae – economic importance, methods of sterilization, rhizosphere
microorganisms and importance, plant-microbe interactions in soil, microbial transformation of nutrients in
soil. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and amino acids – occurrence and classification, carbohydrate and lipid
metabolism, glycolysis, TCA cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, ETC and oxidative phosphorylation,
secondary metabolites – occurrence, classification, functions and applications.
Ecology: Physical environment; biotic environment; biotic and abiotic interactions. Concept of habitat and
niche; niche width and overlap; fundamental and realized niche; resource partitioning; character
displacement. Characteristics of a population; population growth curves; population regulation; life history
strategies; concept of metapopulation – demes and dispersal, intergenic extinctions, age structured
populations. Types of interactions, interspecific competition, herbivory, carnivory, pollination, symbiosis.
Nature of communities; community structure and attributes; levels of species diversity and its measurement;
edges and ecotones. Types; mechanisms; changes involved in succession; concept of climax. Structure and
function; energy flow and mineral cycling; primary production and decomposition; structure and function of
some Indian ecosystems: terrestrial and aquatic. Major terrestrial biomes; theory of island biogeography;
biogeographical zones of India.
Plant Biology: Photosynthesis: Light harvesting complexes; mechanisms of electron transport; photo
protective mechanisms; CO2 fixation-C3, C4 and CAM pathways. Citric acid cycle; plant mitochondrial
electron transport and ATP synthesis; alternate oxidase; photo respiratory pathway. Nitrate and ammonium
assimilation; amino acid biosynthesis. Plant hormones: Biosynthesis, storage, breakdown and transport;
physiological effects and mechanisms of action. Structure, function and mechanisms of action of
phytochromes, cryptochromes and phytotropins; stomatal movement; photoperiodism and biological clocks.
Solute transport and photo assimilate translocation: Uptake, transport and translocation of water, ions, solutes
and macromolecules from soil, through cells, across membranes, through xylem and phloem; transpiration;
mechanisms of loading and unloading of photo assimilates. Secondary metabolites - Biosynthesis of terpenes,
phenols and nitrogenous compounds and their roles. Responses of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses;
mechanisms of resistance to biotic stress and tolerance to abiotic stress. Plant tissue culture and applications,
molecular marker technology, transgenic technology – GMOs, transgenic plants for biotic and abiotic stress
resistance and quality improvement, molecular pharming – production of vaccines, therapeutic proteins,
industrial enzymes and bioplastics.
2
Microscopic Techniques: Visualization of cells and subcellular components by light microscopy, resolving
powers of different microscopes, microscopy of living cells, scanning and transmission microscopes, different
fixation and staining techniques for EM, freeze-etch and freeze-fracture methods for EM, image processing
methods in microscopy.
Methods in Field biology: Methods of estimating population density of animals and plants, ranging patterns
through direct, indirect and remote observations, sampling methods in the study of behavior, habitat
characterization-ground and remote sensing methods.
Horticulture: Scope and importance; global scenario of horticultural crops, classification of horticultural
crops – nutritive value of horticultural crops, horticulture zones of India. Systematic botany – terminology,
morphology description and classification of root, stem, leaf, inflorescence,
Flower and fruits – flowering mechanism – modes of pollination – asexual/ vegetative reproduction –
floral biology – fertilization and fruit set, Principles involved in nomenclature.
Landscaping and Gardening: Importance and scope of gardening, gardens in India – concepts of
landscape gardening – styles and types of gardens – Hindu, Mughal, English, Italian, Persian and
Japanese gardens, ornamental landscaping in environmental protection.
Food Technology: Food processing industries/institutions/food scientists of importance in India, causes of food
spoilage, methods of food preservation, post-harvest and storage of fresh fruits and vegetables, preparations of
fruits and vegetables for processing, technology of foods of animal origin.
3
Life Sciences (SCQP17)
)
Syllabus
for
1
Note:
1. Techniques: Principles and applications of chromatography, spectroscopy, microscopy,

electrophoresis, centrifugation, blotting, PCR & radioisotope techniques
2. Chromatin structure and function: Organization of chromosomes in prokaryotes and

eukaryotes, chromatin types, centromere, Telomere and concept of gene
3. Biochemistry: Structure and functions of proteins, DNA, carbohydrates, lipids & vitamins.
Bioenergetics, Glycolysis, TCA cycle, Electron Transport System and ATP synthesis,
oxidation and synthesis of fatty acid, membrane structure and function
4. Biotechnology: Recombinant DNA technology, principles of gene cloning, applications of

biotechnology in medicine, industry and agriculture, animal & plant cell culture,
environmental biotechnology
5. Microbiology: Diversity of microbes, bacterial reproduction, antimicrobial agents,

significance of microbes in the industry and agriculture, antigen, antibody, complement
systems, immunity, vaccines, plant virus, animal virus and environmental microbiology.
6. Molecular Genetics: Principles of inheritance, linkage & crossing over, chromosomal

aberrations, extrachromosomal inheritance, replication, transcription, translation, DNA repair
and population genetics
7. Plant Sciences: Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms, Vascular system in

plants, Economic important of plants, Photosynthesis, Photoperiodism, Vernalization, and
Biogeochemical cycle
8. Animal Sciences: Characteristics of invertebrates and vertebrates, anatomy and physiology of
different system of humans, nerve impulse transmission, endocrinology, human diseases
Apoptosis and cancer, inherited diseases, animal cell culture.
2
Material Science (SCQP18)
)
Syllabus
for
1
Note:
Crystal structure, Different types of bonding: ionic, covalent, metallic and van der Wall’s.Lattice energy -
Madelung constants – Born Haber cycle – cohesive energy. Quantum states- binding energy-interatomic
spacing - variation in bonding characteristics - Singlecrystals – polycrystalline - Non crystalline solids -
Imperfection in solids – Vacancies –Interstitials. Equilibrium thermodynamics, Phase equilibria, Phase
transformations,
Crystalline and amorphous solids, primitive and unit cells, Bravais lattices, crystal structure, lattice and basis.
Packing factors – cubic, hexagonal, diamond structures Lattice translation operation. Elementary idea of
point symmetry operations (inversion center, rotation and reflection symmetry). Primitive translation vectors,
lattice planes – Miller indices for designating crystal planes. Inter-planar distances – directions. Reciprocal
lattice. Volume of a primitive cell in the reciprocal space. Geometrical interpretation of the Bragg equation
in the reciprocal space. Structural characterization Basic principles of X-ray diffraction spectroscopy.
Law of thermodynamics and related applications, Concepts of free energy and entropy,
Mechanical properties - Stress, Strain, Elastic properties Optical properties - refraction, reflection,
Absorption, Transmission, Insulators, luminescence - Magnetic properties – para-magnetism -
ferromagnetism - domain theory - magnetic hysteresis, – anti-ferromagnetism.
Free electron gas in one and three dimensions. Thermionic emission, work function, electrical
conductivity of the free electron gas: Drude Lorentz Model, Sommerfield’s quantum theory. The
heat-capacity of the conduction electrons (Electron Specific heat) Widemann - Franz law and its
validity. Metallic conduction, Energy bands, Brillouin zones, Temperature dependence of metallic
conductivity - carrier concentrations in intrinsic, extrinsic semiconductors – Impurity contributions,
Doping effects, Law of mass action. Fermi level - variation of conductivity, mobility with
temperature
2
)
Electrons in periodic potential, Origin of energy bands in solids, classification of solids as metals,
insulators and semiconductors on the basis of the band picture, Origin of the energy gap (qualitative
discussions). Bloch’s theorem in one dimension, nearly free electron approximation - formation of energy
bands and gaps - Brillouin zones and boundaries - the Kroni-Penney model. E-K diagram, Reduced zone
representation, Brillouin zone, concept of effective mass and holes, Fermi- Dirac distribution function,
Density of states for electrons in band. Temperature dependence ofFermi energy.
Nanoscale Science and Technology- Implications for Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Engineering-
Classification of nanostructures, nanoscale architecture – Effects of the nanometer length scale - surface to
volume ratio – Effect of nanoscale dimensions on various properties – Structural, thermal, chemical,
mechanical, magnetic, optical and electronic properties – effect of nanoscale dimensions on biological
systems. Structure of nanomaterials - comparison with conventional materials.
Top down and bottom- u p synthesis approach, physical and chemical techniques for nanomaterial
synthesis.
3
Mathematics (SCQP19)
)
Syllabus
for
1
Note:
Algebra: Groups, subgroups, Abelian groups, non-abelian groups, cyclic groups, permutation groups;
Normal subgroups, Lagrange's Theorem for finite groups, group homomorphism and quotient groups,
Rings, Subrings, Ideal, Prime ideal; Maximal ideals; Fields, quotient field.
Vector spaces, Linear dependence and Independence of vectors, basis, dimension, linear
transformations, matrix representation with respect to an ordered basis, Range space and null space,
rank-nullity theorem; Rank and inverse of a matrix, determinant, solutions of systems of linear
equations, consistency conditions. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Cayley-Hamilton theorem.
Symmetric, Skew symmetric, Hermitian, Skew-Hermitian, Orthogonal and Unitary matrices.
Real Analysis: Sequences and series of real numbers. Convergent and divergent sequences, bounded and
monotone sequences, Convergence criteria for sequences of real numbers, Cauchy sequences, absolute and
conditional convergence; Tests of convergence for series of positive terms-comparison test, ratio test, root
test, Leibnitz test for convergence of alternating series.
Functions of one variable: limit, continuity, differentiation, Rolle's Theorem, Cauchy’s Taylor's theorem.
Interior points, limit points, open sets, closed sets, bounded sets, connected sets, compact sets; completeness
of R, Power series (of real variable) including Taylor's and Maclaurin's, domainof convergence, term-wise
differentiation and integration of power series.
Functions of two real variable: limit, continuity, partial derivatives, differentiability, maxima and
minima. Method of Lagrange multipliers, Homogeneous functions including Euler's theorem.
Complex Analysis: Functions of a complex Variable, Differentiability and analyticity, Cauchy Riemann
Equations, Power series as an analytic function, properties of line integrals, GoursatTheorem, Cauchy
theorem, consequence of simply connectivity, index of a closed curves.
Cauchy’s integral formula, Morera’s theorem, Liouville’s theorem, Fundamental theorem of Algebra, Harmonic
functions.
2
)
Integral Calculus: Integration as the inverse process of differentiation, definite integrals and their
properties, Fundamental theorem of integral calculus. Double and triple integrals, change of order of
integration. Calculating surface areas and volumes using double integrals and applications.
Calculating volumes using triple integrals and applications.
Differential Equations: Ordinary differential equations of the first order of the form y'=f(x,y).
Bernoulli's equation, exact differential equations, integrating factor, Orthogonal trajectories,
Homogeneous differential equations-separable solutions, Linear differential equations of secondand
higher order with constant coefficients, method of variation of parameters. Cauchy-Euler equation.
Vector Calculus: Scalar and vector fields, gradient, divergence, curl and Laplacian. Scalar line
integrals and vector line integrals, scalar surface integrals and vector surface integrals, Green's, Stokes
and Gauss theorems and their applications.
Linear Programing:
Convex sets, extreme points, convex hull, hyper plane & polyhedral Sets, convex function and concave
functions, Concept of basis, basic feasible solutions, Formulation of Linear Programming Problem (LPP),
Graphical Method of LPP, Simplex Method.
3
Medical Laboratory Technology (SCQP20)
)
Syllabus
for
Medical Laboratory Technology
(SCQP20)
1
Note:

 Anatomy
 Physiology
 Clinical Pathology Hematology
 Clinical Biochemistry
 Medical Microbiology
 Serology, Histopathology
 Biostatics
 Molecular Biology Applied Genetics
 Immunology and Immunological Techniques
 Biotechnology and Biomedical Techniques
2
Physiotherapy (SCQP21)
)
Syllabus
for
1
Note:
ANATOMY
• Regional Anatomy: Thorax, Abdomen, Pelvis, Endocrine System
• Musculoskeletal Anatomy
• Neuroanatomy
PHYSIOLOGY
• General Physiology: Cell, and its Transport Mechanisms
• Blood
• Nerve Muscle Physiology
• Cardiovascular System
• Respiratory System
• Digestive System
• Endocrine System
• Special Senses
• Nervous System
• Renal System
• Reproductive System
• Exercise Physiology
BIOCHEMISTRY
• Nutrition
• Metabolism of Carbohydrate, Lipids, Proteins, Vitamins and Minerals
• Muscle Contraction
• Biochemistry of Connective tissue
• Hormone Action
• Acid-Base, water and electrolyte balance
• Clinical Biochemistry
SOCIOLOGY
• Definition and scope of sociology in relation to Physiotherapy
• Socialization and Social Groups
• Role of Social Worker
• Social Problems of disabled
2
)
INTRODUCTION TO YOGA- BASIC THEORY, SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES
• Foundations of Yoga
• Yoga and Health
• Physiological effects of Yoga practices
GENERAL & CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
• Introduction to Psychology
• Growth and Development
• Sensation, attention and perception
• Motivation, Frustration and Emotions
• Intelligence and Learning
• Personality
• Social and Clinical Psychology
BIOMECHANICS AND KINESIOLOGY

• Basic Concepts in Biomechanics: Kinematics and Kinetics
• Joint structure and Function
• Muscle structure and function
• Biomechanics of the Thorax and Chest wall, Vertebral column, Peripheral joints,
Temporomandibular Joint
• Analysis of Posture and Gait
PATHOLOGY
• General Pathology: Cell injuries, inflammation and repair, infectious diseases,
immunopathology, Neoplasia and Nutritional disorders
• Systemic pathology: Hematology, Respiratory and Cardiovascular Pathology,
Musculoskeletal System, Endocrine System, Neuropathology
MICROBIOLOGY
• General Microbiology
• Immunology
• Bacteriology
• Virology
PHARMACOLOGY
• Introduction to Pharmacology: Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics
• Drugs used in disorders of Cardiovascular system, Autonomic Nervous system,
Musculoskeletal systems, Neurological Systems
• Drugs used in Inflammatory/Immune Diseases, movement disorders, Digestion and
metabolism
EXERCISE THERAPY
• Introduction to Exercise Therapy
• Methods of Testing: MMT, Goniometry, etc.
• Relaxation
• Different types of Movements/Exercises – Active, Passive, Active – Assisted, Resisted etc.
• Stretching
• PNF
• Manual Therapy – Joint Mobilization, Manipulation and Soft Tissue ManipulationTechniques
3
• Aerobic exercises
• Balance and Coordination
• Gait and Posture including assistive devices
• Hydrotherapy
ELECTROTHERAPY
• Bio-Physics: Physical principles, Physics of devices, currents, sound and light, electrical
supply
• Nerve Muscle Physiology and Pain physiology
• Low, Medium and High Frequency currents – physiological effects, indications,
contraindications and application
• Actinotherapy – IRR, UVR
• Cryotherapy
• Ultrasound and LASER
• Superficial and Deep Heating Modalities- physiological effects, indications,
contraindications and application
• Electro-diagnosis – SD curve, EMG and NCV
• Biofeedback
PHYSIOTHERAPY IN GENERAL MEDICINE & GENERAL SURGERY

Medical, Surgical and Physiotherapy assessment and management of:
• Infectious diseases
• Diseases of the cardiorespiratory system
• Endocrine diseases
• Diseases of the blood
• Diseases of the digestive and renal systems
• Diseases of the Skin
• Pediatrics
• Geriatrics
• Psychiatric Disorders
• Wound healing and Scars management
• General Pre and Post – Operative Complications and management.
• Surgical Oncology
• Thoracic and Abdominal Surgeries
• Burns
• ENT and Ophthalmology
• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• I.C.U. Management
MUSCULOSKELETAL PHYSIOTHERAPY
Clinical, Surgical Orthopedics and Physiotherapy assessment and management of:
• Fractures and Dislocations of Upper Limb and Lower Limb
• Fractures of Pelvis and Spine
• Soft Tissue Injuries
• Infectious, Inflammatory, Neoplastic and Degenerative Disorders
• Congenital and Acquired Deformities
• Amputations
• Orthoses and prostheses
2
)
• Manual Physiotherapy
NEUROLOGICAL PHYSIOTHERAPY
• Medical, Surgical and Physiotherapy assessment and management of Brain, Spinal Cord,
Peripheral Nerve (injuries), Muscle Disorders and Paediatric Neurological conditions
• Neurophysiological Approaches: NDT, MRP, Roods etc.
• Vestibular Rehabilitation
CARDIOVASCULAR AND PULMONARY PHYSIOTHERAPY

• Medical, Surgical and Physiotherapy assessment and management of, Cardiovascular
Diseases, Peripheral Vascular Diseases and Respiratory Diseases
• Physiotherapy techniques for Broncho-pulmonary hygiene
• Cardiorespiratory fitness assessment and training
• Cardiac Rehabilitation
• ICU set up and Physiotherapy care
SPORTS PHYSIOTHERAPY
• Physical fitness
• Prevention and Treatment of Sports specific injuries including overuse injuries
COMMUNITY MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION

• Health and Disease
• Epidemiology: Principles and Methods
• Health programs in India
• Nutrition and Health
• Occupational Health
• Disaster Management
• Environment and Health
• Mental Health
• Community based Rehabilitation
• Disability and Disability Evaluation
• Industrial Health & Ergonomics
• Role of Government, voluntary organizations and NGOs in CBR
• Vocational training
BIOSTATISTICS & RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

• Introduction to Research methodology and Biostatistics
• Formulation of Research problem and design
• Sampling
• Measurement & scaling techniques
• Methods of data collection
• Testing of hypothesis
• Measures of central tendency and dispersion
• Normal Probability Curve
• Statistical tests and their types
5
CLINICAL REASONING AND EVIDENCE BASED PHYSIOTHERAPY
PRACTICE
• Clinical decision Making

• Introduction to Evidence Based Practice
• Development of Evidence based knowledge
• Assessing and using the evidence
• Communicating evidence
PHYSIOTHERAPY LAW AND ETHICS

• Biomedical ethical principles and code of conduct
• Code of ethics for physiotherapists
• Documentation and Informed Consent
ADMINISTRATION AND MANAGEMENT

• Nature and scope of administration
• Role of administrator
• Principles of hospital administration and its applications to physiotherapy.
• Planning and organization
• Personnel management
2
Nanoscience/ Integrative Biosciences (SCQP22)
)
Syllabus
for
Nanoscience/ Integrative
Biosciences (SCQP22)
1
Note:
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Quantum numbers and their significance. s, p, d, f block elements, the long form of periodic table. Detailed
discussion of the following properties of the elements, with reference to s & p- block. Effective nuclear
charge, shielding or screening effect, Slater rules, variation of effective nuclear charge in periodic table.
General characteristics, types of ions, size effects, radius ratio rule and its limitations. Packing of ions in
crystals. Born-Landé equation with derivation and lattice energy. Madelung constant, Born-Haber cycle and
its application, solvation energy. Lewis structure, Valence Bond theory, Molecular orbital theory. Formal
charge, Valence shell electron pair repulsion theory (VSEPR), Redox equations, Standard Electrode
Potential and its application to inorganic reactions. Bronsted-Lowry concept of acid-base reactions, solvated
proton, relative strength of acids, types of acid-base reactions, levelling solvents, Lewis acid- base concept,
Classification of Lewis acids, Hard and Soft Acids and Bases (HSAB) Application of HSAB principle. Inert
pair effect, diagonal relationship Allotropy and catenation. Complex formation tendency of s and p block
elements. Study of the compounds with emphasis on structure, bonding, preparation, properties and uses.
Boric acid and borates, boron nitrides, borohydrides (diborane) carboranes and graphitic compounds,
silanes, Oxides and oxoacids of nitrogen, Phosphorus and chlorine. Peroxo acids of sulphur, interhalogen
compounds, polyhalide ions, pseudo halogens and basic properties of halogens. Werner’s theory, valence
bond theory (inner and outer orbital complexes), electro neutrality principle and back bonding. Crystal field
theory, measurement of
10 Dq (Δo), CFSE in weak and strong fields, pairing energies, factors affecting the magnitude of
10 Dq (Δo, Δt). Octahedral vs. tetrahedral coordination, tetragonal distortions from octahedralgeometry Jahn-
Teller theorem, square planar geometry. Qualitative aspect of Ligand field and MO Theory.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Intensive and extensive variables; state and path functions; isolated, closed and open systems; zeroth law
of thermodynamics. First law: Concept of heat, q, work, w, internal energy, U, and statement of first law;
enthalpy, H, relation between heat capacities, calculations of q, w, U and H for reversible, irreversible and
free expansion of gases (ideal and van der Waals) under isothermal and adiabatic conditions. Heats of
reactions: standard states; enthalpy of formation of molecules and ions and enthalpy of combustion and its
applications; calculation of bond energy. Second Law: Concept of entropy; thermodynamic scale of
temperature, statement of the second law of thermodynamics; molecular and statistical interpretation of
entropy.
Calculation of entropy change for reversible and irreversible processes. Third Law: Statement ofthird law,
concept of residual entropy, calculation of absolute entropy of molecules. Free Energy Functions: Gibbs
and Helmholtz energy; variation of S, G, A with T, V, P; Free energy change and spontaneity. Relation
between Joule-Thomson coefficient and other thermodynamic parameters; inversion temperature. Miller
indices, elementary ideas of symmetry, symmetry elements and symmetry operations, qualitative idea of
point and space groups, seven crystal systems and fourteen Bravais lattices.
Ionization of weak acids and bases, pH scale, common ion effect, Salt hydrolysis-calculation of hydrolysis
2
)
constant, degree of hydrolysis and pH for different salts. Buffer solutions; derivationof Henderson equation
and its applications; buffer capacity, buffer range. Kinetic molecular model of a gas: postulates and
derivation of the kinetic gas equation; collision frequency.
Maxwell distribution and its use in evaluating molecular velocities (average, root mean square and most
probable) and average kinetic energy. Order and molecularity of a reaction, rate laws in terms of the
advancement of a reaction, differential and integrated form of rate expressions up to second order reactions,
experimental methods of the determination of rate laws, kinetics of complex reactions.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Homolytic and Heterolytic fission with suitable examples. Curly arrow rules, formal charges;
Electrophiles and Nucleophiles; Nucleophlicity and basicity; Types, shape and their relative stability of
Carbocations, Carbanions, Free radicals and Carbenes. Introduction to types of organic reactions and
their mechanism: Addition, Elimination and Substitution reactions.
Fischer Projection, Newmann and Sawhorse Projection formulae and their interconversions; Geometrical
isomerism: cis–trans and, syn-anti isomerism E/Z notations with C.I.P rules. OpticalIsomerism: Optical
Activity, Specific Rotation, Chirality/Asymmetry, Enantiomers, Molecules with two or more chiral-centres,
Distereoisomers, meso structures, Racemic mixture and resolution. Relative and absolute configuration:
D/L and R/S designations
PHYSICS
Basics of classical mechanics; Laws of motion; Planck’s theory, de Broglies’s hypothesis, The Harmonic
Oscillator: Schrodinger approach; Hydrogenic Atoms: Orbitals. Free electron gas in one and three
dimensions. Thermionic emission, work function, electrical conductivity of the free electron gas Energy
Bands: Fermi-Dirac Statistics; Holes; Effective Mass; Density of States:3D,
2D, 1D; Conduction & Valence Bands; Electrons in periodic potential, Origin of energy bands in solids,
classification of solids as metals, insulators and semiconductors on the basis of the band picture, Origin of
the energy gap (qualitative discussions). Temperature dependence of Fermi energy. Crystal structure,
Packing fraction, specific surface energy and surface stress, effect on the lattice parameter, Bragg’s law of
diffraction, Size and shape dependent optical, emission, electronic transport, refractive index, dielectric,
mechanical, magnetic; quantum confinement in semiconductors; Mechanical properties – Stress and Strain
concept, Elastic properties, General Optics and Optical properties - refraction, reflection, Absorption,
Transmission, luminescence, Magnetic properties - paramagnetism - ferromagnetism - domain theory -
magnetic hysteresis, – antiferromagnetism. Basics of Themodynamics, Laws of thermodynamicsand related
applications, Concepts of free energy and entropy. Semiconductor Physics; Energy Band Diagram: Electron
Energy Bands, Dopant Atoms and Energy Levels, Position of Fermi Energy Level, Solid state phase
transformations, excitons, band-gap variations-quantum confinement, Charge Carriers in Semiconductors:
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Semiconductors, Carrier Transport Phenomena: Carrier Drift, Carrier Diffusion, Hall
Effect. Semiconductor Electronic devices: p-n Junction, p-n Junction Diode, Metal-Semiconductor and
Semiconductor Heterojunctions, Bipolar Transistor, Concept of direct and indirect band gap in
semiconductors.
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
Evolution and origin of life, biological classification systems Plant anatomy and physiology: planttissues,
hormones, mineral nutrition, biofertilizers and pesticides Animal anatomy and physiology: animal tissues,
blood, digestive system, respiratory system, excretion system, nervous system, endocrine system,
reproduction system, skeleton system. Cytology and molecular biology: Cell and cell organelles, cell cycle,
cell division-Mitosis and meiosis, DNA, RNA, DNA replication, translation, transcription, DNA repair
mechanism. Biochemistry: Basic structures and functions of amino acids, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins.
Enzymes. Kidney and liver function tests. Ecology: Ecosystem, ecological pyramids, environment pollution
and green house effects. Immunology: Basics of immunology, antigens, antibody, antigen-antibody
interactions, types of immunity, immunological disorders, hypersensitivity reactions, monoclonal antibodies,
and immunization. Microbiology: Classification of pathogens, Gram staining, diseases and treatments.
Genetics: Mendelian genetics, genetic disorders, and gene therapy. Biotechnology: Molecular biology
techniques including DNA transformation techniques, types of vectors, cloning and expression. Restriction
enzymes, types of polymeric chain reactions (PCR), and gel electrophoresis.
3
2
Pharmacy (SCQP23)
)
Syllabus
for
Pharmacy (SCQP23)
1
Pharmacy (SCQP23)
Note:
Pharmacy (SCQP23)
PHARMACEUTICS-I (INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACEUTICS)
1. History of pharmaceutical practice through ages
2. Pharmacopoeias with special reference to Indian, British, United States, International and Extra
Pharmacopoeias and various systems of medicines.
3. Routes of administration and classification of pharmaceutical dosage forms.
4. Definition, general formulation and manufacturing procedures.
5. Methods employed in the preparation of plant extracts.
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-I (ORGANIC-I)

1. Fundamentals and classification of organic reaction.
2. Reaction intermediates
3. Stereochemistry
4. Study of reaction mechanism, reactivity and orientation, effect of substituent groups of
following categories of reactions:
4.1 Addition reactions
4.2 Elimination reactions
4.3 Substitution reactions
4.4 Condensation and rearrangement reactions
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-II (INORGANIC)

1. The occurrence of impurities in pharmaceutical preparations
2. A systematic study of the following pharmaceutical inorganic compounds with reference to their
preparations, properties, tests for identity and purity, pharmaceutical uses and assay methods as given
in Indian Pharmacopeia (IP).
3. Group IA: Sodium and potassium compounds
4. Group IIIA and IIIB: Boron and aluminium compoundsGroup IVA and IVB: Bentonite, light and
heavy kaolins and kaolin poultice.
5. Group VA and VB: Nitrogen, antimony, and bismuth compounds
6. Group VIB: Sulphur, selenium compounds
7. Group VIIA and VIIB: Hydrogen, oxygen and halogen compounds
8. Group VIII: Iron compounds
9. A study of major intra and extra cellular electrolytes, essential and trace elements and their
physiological role.
10. Selected case studies in medicinal inorganic chemistry from the following topics: a) Biomedical uses
of lithium b) Application of platinum compounds in medicine c) Gold compounds as therapeutic agents
d) Ruthenium, titanium and gallium compounds in medicine
11. Metal compounds as contrast agents for MRI and medicinal applications of radio-active compounds.
2
Pharmacy (SCQP23)
)
ADVANCE MATHEMATICS
1. Differential equations and its applications
2. Laplace transforms
3. Biometrics
4. Probability
5. Correlation and regression analysis
PHARMACEUTICS-II (PHYSICAL PHARMACY)

1. Matter: State and selected properties
2. Micromeritics: Particle size and size distribution
3. Surface and Interfacial phenomenon
4. Rheology: Newtonian systems
5. Dispersed systems: Colloids
6. Complexation and protein binding: Classification of complexes, Methods of preparation and analysis,
Pharmaceutical applications, Protein binding, Factors affecting complexation and protein binding.
7. Chemical kinetics: General considerations and concepts, Half-life determination, Factors affecting rate of
reaction, Order of reaction, Determination of order of reaction.
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-III (ORGANIC-II)

1. Nomenclature of heterocyclic compounds
2. Classification of heterocyclic compounds
3. Chemistry, preparation, properties and pharmaceutical applications of following heterocyclic rings:
Monocyclic rings; Bicyclic rings; Tricyclic rings.
4. Pericyclic reactions, Conservation of orbital symmetry, Orbital symmetry rules, Mechanism and
stereochemistry of electro cyclic, cycloaddition and sigma tropic reactions
5. Applications of reagents used in organic syntheses
6. Oxidation and hydrogenation/reduction
7. Chemistry of bio-macromolecules
8.
PHARMACEUTICAL MICROBIOLOGY
1. Introduction and scope of microbiology.
2. Classification of microbes and their taxonomy
3. Identification and cultivation of microbes
4. Control of microbes by physical and chemical methods
5. Immunity, primary and secondary defensive mechanisms of body, microbial resistance, interferon.
6. Food spoilage and preservation of food.
7. Microbial assay of antibiotics, vitamins and amino acids.
ANATOMY PHYSIOLOGY & HEALTH EDUCATION-I

1. Scope of anatomy & physiology and basic terminology used in the subject.
2. Structure of Human Cell, its components and their functions
3. Elementary Tissues of the Human Body
4. Osseous System
5. Haematopoiesic System
6. Lymph and Lymphatic System
7. Cardiovascular System
8. Health Education
a. Classification of food requirements and importance of balanced diet
b. Demography and family planning
c. First Aid
3
Pharmacy (SCQP23)
PHARMACEUTICS-III (PHARMACEUTICAL ENGINEERING)

1. Unit Operations
2. Material of Construction
3. Size Reduction.
4. Size Separation
5. Mixing
6. Filtration
7. Centrifugation
8. Crystallization
9. Refrigeration, Air Conditioning and Humidity Control
10. Evaporation
11. Distillation
12. Drying
13. Corrosion
PHARMACEUTICS I
(DISPENSING, COMMUNITY AND HOSPITAL PHARMACY)
1. Prescription
2. Pharmaceutical calculations
3. Principle involved and procedures adopted in dispensing of mixtures, solutions, emulsions, lotions,
liniments, powders, capsules, tablets, tablet triturates, pastilles, lozenges, pills, ointments, creams,
pastes, suppositories, jellies, inhalations, paints, sprays and ophthalmic preparations.
4. Incompatibility
5. Community pharmacy
6. Hospital pharmacy
PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS-I
A. Theoretical aspects of quantitative analysis
B. Oxidation-Reduction titrations
C. C Precipitation titrations
D. Gravimetric analysis
E. Non-aqueous titrations
PHARMACOGNOSY-I
1. Definition, history, scope and development of pharmacognosy, sources of crude drugs and
methods of their classification.
2. Plant hormones and their applications, influence of mutation and hybridization with reference to
medicinal plants.
3. Pest control and natural pest control agents.
4. Quality control of crude drugs
5. Introduction of various types of primary and secondary metabolites as active constituents of crude
drugs, general methods of their isolation, classification, properties and systematic
pharmacognostic study of:
a) Carbohydrates
b) Lipids
c) Resins and Tannins
d) Pharmaceutical aids
ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY AND HEALTH EDUCATION – II

1. Central Nervous System
2. Autonomous Nervous System
3. Respiratory System
4. Endocrine System
5. Digestive System
6. Reproductive System
2
Pharmacy (SCQP23)
)
7. Urinary System
8. Sense Organs
PHARMACEUTICS -V (DOSAGE FORM DESIGN)

1. Pre-formulation studies
2. Study of different types of formulation additives
3. Stability studies
4. Polymers
5. Dissolution technology
6. Solubilization
PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS-II
1. Conductometry
2. Potentiometry
3. Polarography
4. Amperometry
5. Coulometry
6. Radioimmunoassay
7. Thermal methods of analysis
8. X-ray diffraction
9. Miscellaneous methods of analysis
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY- IV (BIOCHEMISTRY)

1. Enzymes
2. Co-enzymes
3. Carbohydrates metabolism
4. Lipid metabolism
5. Biological oxidation
6. Metabolism of ammonia and nitrogen containing monomers
7. Genetic code and protein synthesis
PHARMACOGNOSY II
1. Classification, cultivation, collection, commercial varieties, chemical constituents, substitutes,
diagnostic macroscopic and microscopic features and specific chemical tests of following groups of
drugs containing glycosides:
a. Saponins
b. Cardio active sterols
c. Anthraquinone cathartics etc.
2. Volatile oils
3. Plant bitters and sweeteners.
4. Studies of following drugs
5. Biological sources, preparation, identification tests and uses of the following enzymes
PHARMACEUTICAL JURISPRUDENCE & ETHICS

1. Pharmaceutical Legislations
Drugs and pharmaceutical industry with special reference to
India Code of pharmaceutical ethics
Pharmacy Act 1948, Drugs and Cosmetics Act 1940 and Rules 1945, Medicinal & Toilet Preparations
(excise duties) Act 1955.
2. Narcotic Drugs & Psychotropic Substances Act 1985 & Rules,
Drugs Price Control Order 1995, Drug Policy 2002.
3. A brief study of the following with special reference to the main
provisions.
a. Poisons Act 1919.

5
Pharmacy (SCQP23)
b. Drugs and Magic Remedies (objectionable advertisements) Act 1954.
c. Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act 1970 & Rules 1975.
d. Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Act 1960.
e. States Shops & Establishments Act & Rules.
f. Insecticides Act 1968.
g. AICTE Act 1987.
h. Factories Act 1948.
i. Minimum Wages Act 1948.
j. Introduction to Intellectual Property Rights and Indian Patent Act 1970 with patents rules 1972.
4. A brief study of the various marketed pharmaceutical products from the following categories:
(i) Antibiotics (ii) Vitamins (iii) Antihypertensive (iv) Anti-diabetics (v) NSAIDs
PHARMACEUTICS- VI (COSMETIC TECHNOLOGY)

Fundamental of cosmetic science. Formulation considerations, preparation, packaging and evaluation of the
following cosmetic preparation:
1. Face Preparation
2. Colored make-up preparations
3. Skin preparation
4. Shaving preparation
5. Shampoos
6. Hair Preparations
7. Dental Preparation.
8. Manicure Preparation
9. Herbal Cosmetics
10. Cosmetic for babies: Baby cream, lotion and powders.
PHARMACEUTICS-VII (PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY-I)

1. Liquid Dosage Forms: Introduction, types of additives used in formulations, vehicles,
stabilizers, preservatives, suspending agents, emulsifying agents, solubilizers, colors, flavors
and others, manufacturing, packaging and evaluation of clear liquids, suspensions and
emulsions.
2. Semisolid Dosage Forms: Definition, types and mechanisms of drug penetration. Factors
influencing penetration. Semisolid bases and their selection. General formulation of semisolids,
clear gels, manufacturing procedure, evaluation and packaging.
3. Suppositories: Ideal requirements, bases, manufacturing procedures, packaging and evaluation.
4. Solid Dosage Forms
5. Solid Dosage Forms
6. Pharmaceutical aerosols
7. A brief introduction of blood products, plasma substitutes and surgical products.
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-V (MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY-I)

1. Introduction and basic principles of Medicinal Chemistry
2. Drugs affecting neuro transmission:
a. Drug acting on cholinergic neurotransmission
b. Drug acting on adrenergic neurotransmission
c. Drug acting on seratonergic neurotransmission
d. Local Anesthetic agents
3. Drugs affecting the Immune System
4. Drugs affecting the Respiratory System
5. Miscellaneous agents:
a. Diagnostic and Medicinal Green and Fluorescein
b. Pharmaceutical aids.
PHARMACOGNOSY III
2
Pharmacy (SCQP23)
)
1. Systematic study of source, cultivation, collection, processing, commercial varieties, chemical
constituents, substitutes, adulterants, uses, diagnostic macroscopic and microscopic features and
specific chemical tests of following Alkaloid containing drugs: Tropane, Quinoline, isoquinoline,
Indole, Steroidal, Steroidal amine and Purines
2. A brief account of plant-based industries and institutions involved in work on medicinal and aromatic
plants in India
3. Utilization of aromatic plants and derived products.
4. Marine pharmacognosy novel medicinal agents from marine sources.
5. Introduction, classification and study of different chromatographic methods and their applications
in evaluation of herbal drugs.
6. Holistic concept of drug administration in traditional systems of medicine, introduction to ayurvedic
preparations like arishtas, asavs, gutikas, tailas, churans, lehyas and bhasmas.
PHARMACOLOGY-I
1. General Pharmacology
a. Introduction to pharmacology, sources of drugs, dosage forms and routes of administration,
mechanism of action, combined effects of drugs, factors modifying drug action, tolerance and
dependence, pharmacogenetics.
b. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of drugs, principle of basic and clinical
pharmacokinetics adverse drug reactions and treatment of poisoning, ADME drug interactions,
receptors, bioassay of drugs and biological standardization, discovery and development of new
drugs. Introduction to clinical trials, bioavailability and bioequivalence studies.
2. Pharmacology of peripheral nervous system
a. Neurohumoral transmission (autonomous and somatic)
b. Para-sympathomimetic, para-sympatholytic and sympathomimetics.
c. Adrenergic receptors and neuron blocking agents, ganglionic stimulants and blocking agents.
d. Neuromuscular blocking agents.
e. Local anaesthetic agents.
3. Pharmacology of drugs acting on gastrointestinal tract
a. Antacids, anti-secretory and anti-ulcer drugs (pathophysiology of ulcer).
b. Laxatives and anti-diarrhea drugs.
c. Appetite stimulants and suppressants.
d. Emetics and anti-emetics.
e. Carminatives, demulcents, protectives, adsorbents, astringents, digestants, enzymes and
mucolytics.
4. Autacoids:
a. Histamine, bradykinin, 5- HT and their antagonists.
b. Prostaglandins, leukotrienes and platelet activating factors.
c. Pentagastrin, cholecystokinin, angiotensin, bradykinin and substace
5. Analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory (vascular and cellular events of acute inflammation,
chemical mediators of inflammation, pathogenesis of chronic inflammation), anti-gout and anti
rheumatic drugs (pathophysiology of gout and rheumatoid arthritis)
6. Pharmacology of drugs used for respiratory system: Anti-asthmatic drugs (pathophysiology of
asthma) including bronchodilators, antitussives, expectorants and respiratory stimulants.
PHARMACEUTICS -VIII (PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY-II)

1. Microencapsulation: Types of microcapsules, importance of microencapsulation in pharmacy,
microencapsulation by phase separation, co-accervation, multiorifice centrifugal, spray drying,
spray congealing, polymerization complex emulsion, air suspension technique, coating pan and
other techniques, evaluation of microcapsules.
2. Parenteral products:
a. Preformulation factors, routes of administration, water for injection, pyrogenicity, non-
aqueous vehicles, and isotonicity.
b. Aseptic techniques: Sources of contamination and methods of prevention, design of aseptic
area, laminar flow bench services and maintenance.
7
Pharmacy (SCQP23)
c. Formulation details, containers and closures and their selection.
d. Pre-filling treatment, washing of containers and closures, preparation of solution and suspensions,
filling and closing of ampoules, vials, infusion fluids, lyophilization and preparation of sterile
powders, equipment for large-scale manufacture and evaluation of parenteral products.
3. Design, development, production and evaluation of controlled released formulations.
4. Novel drug delivery systems: Drawbacks and deficiencies of conventional drug delivery systems,
introduction to novel drug delivery systems, e.g., transdermal drug delivery patches, ocular inserts
and osmotic pumps, introduction of liposomes and pro drugs.
5. Ophthalmic preparations: Requirements, formulation and methods of preparations, containers, and
evaluation.
PHARMACEUTICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
1. Introduction, historical perspective, genomics, proteonomics and other biotechnology related techniques, scope and future
of pharmaceutical biotechnology.
2. Enzyme immobilization: Introduction, factor affecting enzyme kinetics, Technique of immobilization of enzymes,
immobilization of plant and bacterial cell, study of enzymes.
3. rDNA technology: Introduction, transformation, conjugation, transduction, protoplast fusion and plasmid mediated gene
transfer, gene cloning including enzymes acting on DNA, cloning vectors, insertion of target DNA into vector,
transformation and growth of cells, selection of recombinant clones and their applications, techniques of genetic
engineering, study of drugs produced by biotechnology such as activase, humulin, humantrope, HB etc.
4. Vaccine technology: Introduction, immunological principles, conventional vaccines, modern vaccine technologies,
development of hybridoma for monoclonal antibodies and monoclonal antibody based pharmaceuticals,
pharmaceutical considerations of vaccines.
5. Fermentation: Introduction to fermentation, fermenters and types of fermenters, factors affecting design of
fermenter, the fermentation process and its optimization with special reference to ethyl alcohol, riboflavin,
cephalosporin and ascorbic acid.
6. Production and downstream processing of biotech products: Introduction, production, downstream processing, issues to
consider in production and purification of proteins, formulation of biotech products and its biopharmaceutical
considerations, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of peptide and protein drugs.
7. Plant tissue culture: Introduction, laboratory requirements, cellular tot potency, types of cultures, protoplast fusion and
somatic hybridization, transgenic plants and application of transgenic plants, cryopreservation and application of PTC in
Pharmacy.
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-VI (MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY-II)

Classification, synthesis of selective drugs, Structure-activity relationship, Pharmacological/Biochemical
mechanism of action, Therapeutic uses of following category of agents: (special emphasis should be given
to specified drugs)
1. Drugs affecting central nervous
system: General Anesthetics
Anti Parkinsonian agents and Spasmolytic
agents Psychopharmacological Agents
2. Drugs affecting Hormonal System:
a. Thyroid hormones and Antithyroid agents
b. Insulin and Oral Hypoglycaemic agents
c. Steroidal agents:
3. Drugs affecting Haematopietic System.
4. Chemistry and physiological importance of water & lipid soluble Vitamins.
PHARMACEUTICS -IX (PACKAGING TECHNOLOGY)

1. Packaging of pharmaceutical dosage form
2. Packaging of solid oral dosage form
3. Packaging of semisolids and topical
4. Glass packaging materials.
5. Plastic packaging materials
6. Metal packaging materials
7. Tamper-resistant packaging
8. Child resistant package.
PHARMACOLOGY-II
2
Pharmacy (SCQP23)
)
1. Pathophysiology of CNS diseases and pharmacology of drugs used to treat them a) Neuro humoral
transmission in CNS b) General anesthetics, alcohol and disulfiram.c) Hypnotics, sedatives, anti-
anxiety agents, and centrally acting muscle relaxants. d) Psychopharmacological agents e)
Antiepileptic drugs f) Narcotic analgesics and antagonists g) Drugs used in neurodegenerative
diseases: Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease h) Drug addiction and drug abuse i) CNS
stimulants
2. Pathophysiology of diseases of endocrine system and pharmacology of drugs used for their
treatment: a) Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones. b) Thyroid hormones and anti thyroid drugs.
c) Insulin, oral hypoglycemic agents and glucagons. d) Corticosteroids. e) Androgens, anabolic
steroids and drugs for erectile dysfunction. f) Estrogens, progestins and oral contraceptives. g)
Oxytocin and drugs acting on the uterus. h) Parathormone, calcitonin and vitamin D, ACTH and
corticosteroids.
3. Drug acting on Haematopoietic system: a. Haematinics (pathophysiology of anaemia) b.
Anticoagulants c. Fibrinolytic and antiplatelet drugs d. Blood and plasma volume expanders.
PHARMACEUTICS-X (BIOPHARMACEUTICS AND PHARMACOKINETICS)

Bio pharmaceutics
1. Introduction: Definition and significance of Bio pharmaceutics in formulation development.
2. Gastrointestinal absorption of Drugs
3. Factor affecting Drug absorption
4. Methods of studying gastrointestinal absorption
5. Drug Disposition
6. Drug Excretion
7. Drug Biotransformation
Pharmacokinetics
1. Definition and need of pharmacokinetic and clinical pharmacokinetics.
2. Introduction to pharmacokinetic parameters, biological half-life, volume of distribution, clearance,
rate constants for elimination.
3. One compartment model: Single dosing-intravenous injection and oral absorption, determination of
pharmacokinetic parameters from plasma and urine data, measurements of Cmax, Tmax, and AUC.
4. Bioavailability and Bioequivalence: Definition and detailed protocol, Significance of Bioavailability
and Bioequivalence studies. Regulatory requirements.
PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY-VII (MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY-III)

1. Drug Design and Development
2. Modern Medicinal Chemistry
3. Drugs affecting the Cardiovascular System: a) Anti-anginal and Vasodilators b) Anti-
arrhythmic agents c) Antihypertensive agents d) Antihyperlipidemic agents
4. Drugs affecting the Urinary System
5. Chemotherapeutic agents: a) Antibiotics and Antibacterial agents b)Antibiotics c) Antiparasitic
agents d) Antiamoebic agents f) Antifungal agents g)Anticancer agents, Immunosupressants and
Immunostimulants g)Antiviral including anti-HIV agents.
PHARMACOLOGY-III
1. Pathophysiology of microbial diseases (Tuberculosis, leprosy, fungal diseases, urinary tract
infections, sexually transmitted diseases) and pharmacology of drugs used for their treatment: a)
General principles of Chemotherapy,
b) Sulfonamides and cotrimoxazole, c) Antibiotics d) Anti-mycobacterial drugs, e) Anti-viral and anti-
HIV drugs, f) Anti- malarial drugs, g) Drugs for amoebiasis and other protozoal infections, h)
Anthelmentics
2. Pathophysiology of Cardiovascular and pharmacology of drugs used for their treatment. a)
Cardiac glycosides, b) Antiarrhythmic drugs, c) Antianginal drugs, d) Antihypertensive drugs,
e) Anti- hyper lipidemic drugs
3. Anti-neoplastic drugs (pathophysiology of cancer), immune-stimulants and immunosuppressive

9
Pharmacy (SCQP23)
agents.
4. Drugs acting on urinary system
PHARMACOLOGY-IV
1. Principles of Clinical Pharmacology
2. Drugs used during infancy, neonates, in the elderly persons and their bio-pharmaceutics.
3. Drugs used during pregnancy and drug induced diseases.
4. The principles, mechanism and clinical evaluation of drug interactions.
5. Common clinical laboratory tests and their interpretation.
6. General principles of Clinical toxicology.
7. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Concept of Essential Drugs and Rational Drug use.
8. Principles of Toxicology
PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIAL MANAGEMENT AND ACCOUNTANCY

1. Concept of Management: Administrative Management, Entrepreneurship development,
Operative Management, Principles of Management, Identification of Key Points to give
maximum thrust for development and perfection.
2. Economics: Principles of economics
3. Materials Management
4. Production Management
5. Accountancy
PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS- IV (QUALITY ASSURANCE)

1. Quality assurance: Concept, Scope, quality control, audit, total quality management.
2. Development of new analytical methods.
3. Validation: Definition, types, validation of manufacturing and analytical equipment,
validation of analytical procedures, importance and limitations of validation, organization
for validation.
4. Pharmaceutical manufacturing documentation (PMD): Introduction, guidelines for designing and
implementation of PMD programs.
5. Documentation: Protocols, forms and maintenance of records in pharmaceutical industries,
preparation of documents for new drug approval and export registration to United States, United
Kingdom, Europe and Africa.
6. Patent processing and its applications.
7. Requirement of GMP, GLP, ISO 9000, WHO and U.S. F.D.A.
8. In-process quality control tests, IPQC problems in pharmaceutical industries, sources and control of
quality variation, total quality management.
9. Sampling plans, sampling and operating characteristics curves, interpretation of analytical data.
10. Regulatory control and regulatory drug analysis.
DRUG DESIGN
1 Drug Discovery, Design and Development
2 Quantum Mechanics and Molecular Dynamics
3 Ligand Based Drug Design
4 Structure Based Drug Design
5 Comparative Protein Modeling
PHARMACEUTICAL SALES AND MARKETING

1. Introduction to Pharmaceutical Marketing Management
2. Marketing Task: Demand States & Marketing task, Scope of Marketing and Different Markets
3. Concept of Marketing
4. Marketing Opportunities Market Oriented Strategic Planning
5. Developing Market Strategies & Marketing Mix, Product Strategy Positioning & Differentiating the
Market Offering.
6. Managing & Delivering Marketing Programs.
2
Pharmacy (SCQP23)
)
7. Value Net-Work & Marketing Channels
8. Managing Sales Force: Recruitment & Selecting Representative, Training Sales Representative,
Supervising, Norms for Customer Calls, Motivating Sales Representative, Evaluating Sales
Representative
FOOD SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY

1. Food Chemistry
2. Food Microbiology
3. Food Process Principles
4. Food Technology
5. Food laws and standards
11
Physics (SCQP24)
)
Syllabus
for
Physics (SCQP24)
1
Physics (SCQP24)
Note:
Physics (SCQP24)
Mathematical Methods: Calculus of single and multiple variables, partial derivatives, Jacobian, imperfect
and perfect differentials, Taylor expansion, Fourier series. Vector algebra, Vector Calculus, Multiple
integrals, Divergence theorem, green’s theorem, Stokes’ theorem. First order equations and linear second
order differential equations with constant coefficients. Matrices anddeterminants, Algebra of complex
numbers.
Mechanics and General Properties of Matter: Newton’s laws of motion and applications, Velocity and
acceleration in Cartesian, polar and cylindrical coordinate systems, uniformly rotating frame, centrifugal and
Coriolis forces, Motion under a central force, Kepler’s laws, Gravitational Law and field, Conservative and
non-conservative forces. System of particles, Center of mass, equation of motion of the CM, conservation of
linear and angular momentum, conservation of energy, variable mass systems. Elastic and inelastic collisions.
Rigid body motion, fixed axis rotations, rotation and translation, moments of Inertia and products of Inertia,
paralleland perpendicular axes theorem. Principal moments and axes. Kinematics of moving fluids, equation
of continuity, Euler’s equation, Bernoulli’s theorem.
Oscillations, Waves and Optics: Differential equation for simple harmonic oscillator and its general
solution. Superposition of two or more simple harmonic oscillators. Lissajous figures. Damped and forced
oscillators, resonance. Wave equation, traveling and standing waves in one-dimension. Energy density and
energy transmission in waves. Group velocity and phase velocity. Sound waves in media. Doppler Effect.
Fermat’s Principle. General theory of image formation. Thick lens, thin lens and lens combinations.
Interference of light, optical path retardation. Fraunhofer diffraction. Rayleigh criterion and resolving power.
Diffraction gratings. Polarization:linear, circular and elliptic polarization. Double refraction and optical
rotation.
Electricity and Magnetism: Coulomb’s law, Gauss’s law. Electric field and potential. Electrostaticboundary
conditions, Solution of Laplace’s equation for simple cases. Conductors, capacitors, dielectrics, dielectric
polarization, volume and surface charges, electrostatic energy. Biot-Savart law, Ampere’s law, Faraday’s law
of electromagnetic induction, self and mutual inductance. Alternating currents. Simple DC and AC circuits with
R, L and C components. Displacement current, Maxwell’s equations and plane electromagnetic waves,
Poynting’s theorem, reflection and refraction at a dielectric interface, transmission and reflection coefficients
(normal incidenceonly). Lorentz Force and motion of charged particles in electric and magnetic fields.
Kinetic theory, Thermodynamics: Elements of Kinetic theory of gases. Velocity distribution and
equipartition of energy. Specific heat of Mono-, di- and tri-atomic gases. Ideal gas, van-der-Waalsgas and
equation of state. Mean free path. Laws of thermodynamics. Zeroth law and concept of thermal equilibrium.
First law and its consequences. Isothermal and adiabatic processes. Reversible, irreversible and quasi-static
processes. Second law and entropy. Carnot cycle. Maxwell’s thermodynamic relations and simple
applications. Thermodynamic potentials and their applications. Phase transitions and Clausius-Clapeyron
2
Physics (SCQP24)
)
equation. Ideas of ensembles, Maxwell-Boltzmann, Fermi- Dirac and Bose Einstein distributions.
Modern Physics: Inertial frames and Galilean invariance. Postulates of special relativity. Lorentz
transformations. Length contraction, time dilation. Relativistic velocity addition theorem, mass energy
equivalence. Blackbody radiation, photoelectric effect, Compton Effect, Bohr’s atomic model, X-rays.
Wave-particle duality, Uncertainty principle, the superposition principle, calculation of expectation values,
Schrödinger equation and its solution for one-, two- and three-dimensional boxes. Solution of Schrödinger
equation for the one-dimensional harmonic oscillator. Reflection and transmission at a step potential, Pauli
Exclusion Principle. Structure of atomic nucleus, mass and binding energy. Radioactivity and its
applications. Laws of radioactive decay.
Solid State Physics, Devices and Electronics: Crystal structure, Bravais lattices and basis. Miller indices. X-
ray diffraction and Bragg's law Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, variation of resistivity with temperature.
Fermi level. p-n junction diode, I-V characteristics, Zener diode andits applications, BJT: characteristics in CB,
CE, CC modes. Single stage amplifier, two stage R-C coupled amplifiers. Simple Oscillators: Barkhausen
condition, sinusoidal oscillators. OPAMP and applications: Inverting and non-inverting amplifier. Boolean
algebra: Binary number systems; conversion from one system to another system; binary addition and
subtraction. Logic Gates AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR exclusive OR; Truth tables; combination of gates; de
Morgan’s theorem.
3
Plant Biotechnology (SCQP25)
Syllabus
for
1
Note:
UNIT I
Introduction, Cryo and organ genic differentiation, Types of culture: Seed, Embryo, Callus, Organs, Cell
and Protoplast culture. Micro propagation Axillary bud proliferation, Meristem andshoot tip culture, cud
culture, organogenesis, embryogenesis, advantages and disadvantages of micro propagation.
UNIT- II
In vitro haploid production Androgenic methods: Anther culture, Microspore culture Ando genesis
Significance and use of haploids, Ploidy level and chromosome doubling,
diploidization, Gynogenic haploids, factors effecting gynogenesis, chromosome elimination
techniques for production of haploids in cereals.
UNIT - III
Protoplast Isolation and fusion Methods of protoplast isolation, Protoplast development, Somatic
hybridization, identification and selection of hybrid cells, Cybrids, Potential of somatic
Hybridization limitations.
Soma clonal variation
Nomenclature, methods, applications basis and disadvantages
UNIT - IV
Plant Growth Promoting bacteria.
Nitrogen fixation, Nitrogenase, Hydrogenase, Nodulation, Biocontrol of pathogens, Growth promotion by
free-living bacteria.
2
Soil Science - Soil & Water Conservation (SCQP26)
)
Syllabus
for
Soil Science - Soil & Water
Conservation (SCQP26)
1
Note:
Soil and Water Conservation Engineering: Forms of precipitation, Hydrology cycle, Point rainfall
analysis, frequency analysis, agricultural system, mechanics of water and wind, water management in Agri-
Horti-Aquaculture system, mechanics of water and wind erosion, rational method of prediction of peak
runoff and its limitation, concept of unit hydrograph and instantaneous hydrograph, factors affecting erosion
and runoff, water erosion control measures-contour cultivation, strip cropping, terracing, afforestation,
pastures, design of gully control structures- temporary and permanent, steam bank erosion, flood routing,
flood amelioration byupstream soil water management, wind erosion control measure and sand dunes
stabilization.
Irrigation Pump: Design, construction, performance characteristics, selection installation, servicing and
maintenance of different pumps (reciprocating, centrifugal, gear turbine, submersible, propelled jet).
Hydraulic and non-renewable power source for pumping solar pumps.
Irrigation and drainage engineering: Water wealth and irrigation in India, soil water plant relationship,
forms and occurrence of soil water, methods and devices for soil moisture measurement, water requirement
of crops, irrigation scheduling irrigation. Concept of irrigation efficiencies, water conveyance and control,
design of canals, Lacey and Kennedy’s theories.
Drainage needs and its benefits Darcy’s Law, hydraulic conductivity, drainage coefficient drainagemethods,
surface drainage (drainage of flat and sloping lands), design of open ditches their alignment and construction,
design and layout of subsurface drains, depth and spacing of drainsand drainage outlets, installation of drains
and drainage wells, drainage of salt affected areas.
Ground Water Hydrology and tube well Engineering: Occurrence and movement of ground water,
steady and transient flow into wells, well interference, well drilling, design of wellassembly and gravel pack,
installation of well screen, completion and development of wells.
Use of remote sensing and GIS in planning and development.
2
Statistics (SCQP27)
)
Syllabus
for
Statistics (SCQP27)
1
Statistics (SCQP27)
Note:
Statistics (SCQP27)
1. Sequences and Series: Convergence of sequences of real numbers, Comparison, root and ratio
tests for convergence of series of real numbers.
2. Differential Calculus: Limits, continuity and differentiability of functions of one and two
variables. Rolle's Theorem, mean value theorems, Taylor's theorem, indeterminate forms, maxima
and minima of functions of one and two variables.
3. Integral Calculus: Fundamental theorems of integral calculus. Double and triple integrals,
applications of definite integrals, arc lengths, areas and volumes.
4. Matrices: Rank, inverse of a matrix. Systems of linear equations. Linear transformations,

eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Cayley‐Hamilton theorem, symmetric, skew‐symmetric and
orthogonal matrices.
5. Differential Equations: Ordinary differential equations of the first order of the form y' =
f(x,y). Linear differential equations of the second order with constant coefficients.
6. Descriptive Statistics and Probability: Measure of Central tendency, Measure of dispersion,

skewness and Kurtosis, Elementary analysis of data. Axiomatic definition of probability and
properties, conditional probability, multiplication rule. Theorem of total probability. Bayes’
theorem and independence of events.
7. Random Variables: Probability mass function, probability density function and cumulative
distribution functions, distribution of a function of a random variable. Mathematical expectation,
moments and moment generating function. Chebyshev's inequality.
8. Standard Distributions: Binomial, negative binomial, geometric, Poisson, hyper- geometric,

uniform, exponential, gamma, beta and normal distributions. Poisson and normal
approximations of a binomial distribution. Chi-square distribution, t-distribution and F-
distribution.
9. Joint Distributions: Joint, marginal and conditional distributions. Distribution of functions of

random variables. Product moments, correlation, simple linear regression. Independence of
random variables Limit Theorems: Weak law of large numbers. Central limit theorem (i.i.d.with
2
Statistics (SCQP27)
)
finite variance case only).
10. Estimation: Unbiasedness, consistency and efficiency of estimators, method of moments and
method of maximum likelihood. Sufficiency, factorization theorem. Completeness, Rao‐
Blackwell and Lehmann‐Scheffe theorems, uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimators.
Rao‐Cramer inequality. Confidence intervals for the parameters of univariate normal, two
independent normal, and one parameter exponential distributions.
11. Testing of Hypotheses: Basic concepts, applications of Neyman‐Pearson Lemma for testing
simple and composite hypotheses. Likelihood ratio tests.
12. Sampling and Designs of Experiments: Simple random sampling, stratified sampling and Cluster
sampling, One-way, two-way analysis of variance. CRD, RBD, LSD and 2² and 2³ factorial
experiments.
3
Zoology (SCQP28)
)
Syllabus
for
Zoology (SCQP28)
1
Zoology (SCQP28)
Note:
Zoology (SCQP28)
➢ Cell Biology
➢ Bio chemistry
➢ Molecular Biology
➢ Ecology
➢ Evolution
➢ Biodiversity & Environment Conservation
➢ Immunology
➢ Genetics
➢ Bio techniques
➢ Vertebrates and Invertebrates
➢ Developmental Biology
➢ Biostatistics
➢ Animal Physiology
➢ Recombinant DNA technology
2
Atmospheric Science (SCQP29)
)
Syllabus
for
1
Note:
Physics:
Properties of Matter, Equations of motion, Gravitation, Keplers laws, Heat and Thermodynamics,
Electrodynamics, Optics, Modern Physics and Laws of Radiation.
Mathematics:
Ordinary differential equation and their solution, determinants and matrices (Fundamentals),
Fourier series, Laplace Transform, Conic Section, Set Theory and Complex Variables .
Statistics:
Measures of central tendency, dispersion. Significance tests and linear correlation.
Computer Science:
Fundamentals of Computer, computer architecture, operating systems, Database Management
System, Foundation of programming
Earth & Environment:

Earth Interior, Distribution of oceans and continents, composition and structure of atmosphere, world
climate and climate change, physical environment, Environmental Pollution and its abatement,
Environmental Awareness.
2
Animal Science (Poultry) (SCQP30)
)
Syllabus
for
Animal Science (Poultry)
(SCQP30)
1
Note:
1. Importance of Agriculture/Fishery/Livestock in National Economy: Principle of

crop ecology and crop adaptation, climate shift and its ecological implications. Agro-
ecological regions in India. Geographical distribution of Livestock, Green House
effect, Climatic factors and their effect on livestock and animal productivity, Role of
GIS and GPS in agriculture. Major diseases of cattle and poultry and their
management. Important rural development programmes in India, organisational set up
of Animal Science research, education and extension in India; Elements of statistics.
2. Genetics and Animal Breeding: Biostatistics and computer applications, Principles

of Genetics and Population Genetics, Livestock & Poultry Breeding.
3. Livestock Economics: livestock Production Economics, Marketing and price

analysis, Finance and Project Management, Benefit-cost analysis, Project & Policies.
4. Animal Husbandry Extension Education: Livestock based livelihoods & their

evolution, extension education & development, rural sociology in vetenary extension,
transfer of technology for livestock development, communication and extension
teaching methods, livestock entrepreneurship.
5. Food Technology: Livestock and Poultry food processing, industries/institutions.

Food presentation and storage, Food microbiology.

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Agricultural Science (SCQP01)

Agricultural Science (SCQP01)

Importance of Agriculture/Forestry/Livestock in National Economy:

Agricultural Soil fertility and fertilizer use:

Sustainable land use systems:

Layout and establishment of orchards:

• History and scope of microbiology

Cytology and Genetics

• Ultrastructure of plant an animal cell

Architecture and Planning (SCQP04)

Unit 1: Architecture, Planning and Design

Unit 2: Construction, Planning Techniques and Management

Unit 4: Urban Design, Landscape and Conservation

Unit 5: Building Services and Sustainability

Unit 6: Infrastructure and Services

Unit 7: Remote Sensing and GIS in Architecture

Bioorganic Chemistry and Metabolites

Bioenergetics and Membrane Biology

Unit 1: Mathematics and Statistical Foundation

Calculus: The concept of limit of a Functions, continuity, differentiability, successive differentiation,

Algebra: Mappings, groups, subgroups, matrices, elementary operations of matrices, inverse of

Geometry Plane, straight line, sphere, cone, cylinder, conicoids.

Unit 2: Role of Chemistry in Bioinformatics

Homegenous equilibria, chemical Kinetics, p and d block elements, Stereo Chemistry,

Colligative properties, thermodynamics, Chemistry of elements of first transition series,

Unit 2: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Carbohydrate metabolism: Glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis, glycogenolysis and

Unit 3: Microbiology and Immunology

Role of microorganisms in biogeochemical cycles of Nitrogen and Carbon. Biological nitrogen

Immunity to infectious agents; AIDS and other immunodeficiencies, Vaccines, Hybridoma

Unit 4: Genetic Engineering, Gene Sequencing and RDT

Absorption spectroscopy- Beer-Lambert’s law, Colorimetry to Spectrophotometry( single and

Spectroscopic techniques to find out molecular structure (quantitative techniques), general

Structure of proteins – primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary. X-ray crystallography

Unit 6: Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Programming

An overview of resolution in computers and communication. Applications software (Word

Unit 7: Basics of Bio-Informatics

Sequence Alignments and Visualization, Introduction to Sequences, alignments and Dynamic

Gene Expression and Representation of patterns and relationship,General introduction to Gene

1. Phycology and Microbiology

2. Biomolecules and Cell Biology

3. Mycology and Phytopathology

5. Anatomy and Angiosperms

9. Plant Ecology and Phytogeography

10. Plant Semantics

11. Reproductive Biology of Angiosperms

12. Plant Physiology

13. Plant Metabolism

14. Plant Biotechnology

Concept of entropy; thermodynamic scale of temperature, statement of the second law of

Third law of thermodynamics:

Third Law of thermodynamics, residual entropy, calculation of absolute entropy of

Free Energy Functions:

6. Partial molar quantities

Partial molar quantities, dependence of thermodynamic parameters on composition;

7. Dilute solutions or Colligative Properties

8. Molecular Spectroscopy & Photochemistry

Interaction of electromagnetic radiation with molecules and various types of spectra;