Science technology and Society

(BSN 1 - A - 21) BATCH 2021 COLLEGE OF NURSING - OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
NAME: B.C. SANTOS REFERENCE: PPT / VIDEO RECORDED LECTURE
LECTURER: MARK LESTHER REYES FINALS LECTURE / WEEK 13 / VIDEO RECORDED

THE INFORMATION AGE 1455 Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing

press using movable metal type
⟶ Life is accompanied by endless transmission of
1755 Samuel Johnson’s dictionary standardizes
information that takes place within and outside the
English spelling
human body. According to Webster’s Encyclopedic
1802 The library was established invention of
Unabridged Dictionary, information is “knowledge
carbon arc lamp
communicated or obtained concerning a specific fact or
1824 Research on persistence of vision published
circumstance”. Hence, information is a very important
1830’s First viable design for a digital computer;
tool for survival.
Augusta Lady Byron writes the world’s first
o The information age is defined as a “period starting
computer program
in the last quarte of the 20th century” when
1837 Invention of the telegraph in Great Britain
information became effortlessly accessible through
and United States
publications and through the management of
information by computers. The Information Age is 1861 Motion pictures were projected onto a
also called the Digital Age and the New Media Age screen
it was associated with the development of 1876 Dewey decimal system was introduced
computers. 1877 Eadweard Muybridge demonstrate high-
o According to James R. Messenger who proposed speed photography
the Theory of Information Age in 1982, “the 1899 First magnetic recording was released
Information Age is a true new age bases upon the 1902 Motion picture special effects were used
interconnections, with the information system 1906 Lee DeForest inveted the electronic
operating both a real-time and as-needed basis. amplifying tube (triode)
Furthermore, the primary factors driving this new 1923 Television camera tube was invented
age forward are convenience and user friendliness Zvorkyn
which, in turn, will create user dependence. 1926 First practical movie
o Before the printed word, the written word was 1939 Regularly scheduled television broadcasting
prevalent. Yet, the intent to carry information has began in the US
always been present. 1940’s Beginning of the information science as a
o A word is a combination of sound that represents discipline
something. It is significance which make words 1945 Vannevar Bush foresaw the invention of
distinct from just any kind of vocal utterance. hypertext
Words are made up of sounds yet they transmit 1946 ENIAC computer was developed
something more significant-information. 1948 Birth of field-information theory proposed by
Claude E. Shannon
THE ROLE OF LANGUAGE
1957 Planar transistor was developed by Jean
o In the human quest for understanding the natural
Hoerni
world, the ability to name and classify objects found
in nature was seen as a first step in knowing. Thus, 1958 First integrated circuit
the scientific search for truth early on recognized 1960’s Library of congress developed the LC MARC
the usefulness of language and the ability it gave to (machine-readable code)
make sense of nature. 1969 UNIX operating system was developed’
which could handle multitasking
TIMELINE OF THE INFORMATION AGE 1971 Intel introduced the first microprocessor
YEAR EVENT chip
3000 BC Sumerian writing system used pictographs 1972 Optical laserdisc was developed by Philip an
to represents word MCA
2900 BC Beginnings of Egyptian hieroglyphic writing 1974 MCA and Philips agreed on a standard
1300 BC Tortoise shell and oracle bone writing were videodisc encoding format
used 1975 Altair Microcomputer kit was release: first
500 BC Papyrus roll was used personal computer for the public
220 BC Chinese small seal writing was developed 1977 RadioShack introduced the first complete
100 BC Book (parchment codex) personal computer
105 AD Woodblock printing and pare was invented 1984 Apple Macintosh computer was first
by the Chinese introduced
Mid 1980’s Artificial intelligence was separated from o Consequently, companies whose business are built
information science on digitized information have become valuable and
1987 Hypercard was developed by Bill Atkinson powerful in a relatively shot period od time; the
recipe box metaphor current Information Ages has spawned its own
1991 450 complete works of literature on one breed of wealthy influential brokers, form
CD-ROOM Microsoft’s bill Gates to apple Steve Jobs to
Jan. 1997 RSA (encryption and network security Facebook’s Mark Zuckerberg
software) internet security code cracked
o Critics changed that the internet created a
for a 48- bit number technological divide that increased the gap
o In his article “Truths of the Information Age”, Robert between the members of the higher class and
Harris detailed some facts on the Information Age. lower class of the society. Those who could not
1. Information must compete afford a computer or a monthly access fee were
2. Newer is equated with truer. denied these possibilities. Many decried the
3. Selection is a viewpoint. impersonal nature of electronic communication
4. The media sells what the culture buys. compared to telephone call or handwritten letter.
5. The early word gets the perm. o On one hand, the unregulated and loose nature
6. You are what you eat and so is your brain. of the internet allowed pornography to be
7. Anything in great demand will be broadcast to millions of homes. Protecting
counterfeited. children from these influences or even from
8. Ideas are seen as controversial. meeting violent predators would prove to be
9. Undead information walks ever on. difficult. Nowadays, crimes in various forms are
10. Media presence created the story. rampant because of the use of social media.
11. The medium selects the message. Cyberbullying is an issue that poses alarm
12. The whole truth is a pursuit worldwide.
APPLICATION OF COMPUTERS IN SCIENCE AND
COMPUTER RESEARCH
A computer is an electronic device that stores and o One of the significant applications of computers
process data for science and research is evident in the field of
bioinformatics is the application of information
⟶ Types of Computer technology to store, organize, and analyze vast
1. Personal Computer (PC) amount of biological data which is available in
2. Desktop Computer the form of sequences and structures of proteins.
3. Laptops (Madan, n.d.)
4. Personal digital assistants (PDAs) HOW TO CHECK RELIABILITY OF WEB SOURCES
5. Server o The internet contains a vast collection of highly
6. Mainframe valuable information but it may also contain
7. Wearable computers unreliable, biased information that mis lead
The WORLD WIBE WEB (INTERNET) people. The following can help us check the
o Several historians trace the origin of the internet to reliability of web sources that we gather. It is
Clause E. Shannon, an American Mathematician noteworthy to consider and apple the following
who was considered as the “Father of the guidelines to avoid misinformation. (Lee College
Information Theory”. He worked at Bell Laboratories Library, n.d.)
and at age 32, he published a paper proposing that
information can be quantitively encoded as a ⟶ Who is the author of the articles/site?
sequence of ones and zeroes. ⟶ Who published the site?
o The internet is a worldwide system of .edu = educational
interconnected networks that facilitates data .com = commercial
transmission among innumerable computers. In .mil = military
early days, the internet was used mainly by .gov = government
scientist to communicate with another scientist. The .org = nonprofit
internet remained under government control until ⟶ What is the main purpose of the site?
1984. (Rouse, 2014) ⟶ Who is the intended audience
o One early problem faced by the internet users was ⟶ What is the quality of information provided on the
speed. Phone lines could only transmit information website?
at a limited rate. The development of fiber-optics
cables allowed for billions of bits of information to Examples of Useful and Reliable Web sources
receive every minute. Companies like intel • AFA e- Newsletter
developed faster microprocessors so personal • American Memory
computers could process the incoming signal at a • Bartlebt.com Great books online
more rapid rate (Uschistory, 2017) • Chronicling America
• Cyber Bullying
• National Library of Medicine’s Medline Plus
• Drugs.com
• PDRhealth
• Global Gateway: World Culture and Resources
• Google Books
• Googlescholars.com
• See p 117 – 119