3.-SLM BUS - MATH Q1 W1-4-p22

Lesson: Fractions, Decimals and Percentage
CONTENT: LC CODE:
1ST QUARTER: Fundamental Operations of ABM_BM11BS-FO- 1
WEEK 1 Fractions, Decimals, and ABM_BM11BS-FO- 2
Percentage ABM_BM11BS-FO- 3
What I need to know
At the end of this material, you should be able to express:

• fractions to decimals and percent forms
• decimals to fractions and percent forms
• percent to fractions and decimal forms
What’s In?
Learning fractions, decimals and percent are important. There are other instances which
may apply in everyday life and are relevant to certain jobs or professions. Which of statement
below is/ are an example of fractions, decimals or percentage?
1. telling time (draw clock showing different positions of hour/minute hands)
2. budgeting money
3. discount ads such as “half the price”
4. comparing prices of the same item in a grocery store (reduce the price per unit of measurement,
e.g. which is cheaper: a - kilo bag costing ₱30 or a 2-kilo bag of the same item costing ₱250?)
5. measurements of ingredients in a recipe (being able to compute the measurements of
ingredients if servings are to be increased or decreased)
6. reading of car’s fuel level
7. slicing portions of a cake or pizza
8. measuring fabric or clothing material
9. carpenters, plumbers, electricians (measurement of construction materials, pipes, wirings,
tools, etc.)
10. scientists, like chemists (measurements of chemicals or solutions used for experiments)
What’s New?
Fraction – is a number composed of numerator and denominator, both which are integers. The
numerator and denominator are both separated by a segment called fraction bar.
Decimal – is a number written using decimal notation. The integer and fractional parts of a
decimal number are separated using a decimal point.
Percentage – Percentage is a number that represents a number of parts per hundred. Every
percentage has a percent sign (%) attached to it.
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What is It
This lesson will cover the topics on how to solve problems on fractions, decimals,
and percentage. If you can still remember how the solution works during your junior high
class is also the same way in solving the said problems. Understanding this matter will
help you answer problems that involve in business and other related areas. Without
knowing you, fractions, decimals, and percentage were already used by people in their
everyday life.
1. How to Convert Fraction to Decimal
There are two ways on how to convert fractions to decimals:
(i) First, convert the fraction to an equivalent fraction whose denominator is a power of
10. Then, convert it to decimal.
Examples:
1 3 1 8 16 8
1. 2
= 6 ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 2 = 0.5 2. 50
= 100 ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒, 50 = 0.16
(ii) Perform the usual long division wherein the numerator is the dividend and the
denominator is the divisor.
423
From previous examples, we have 12 = 35.25
2. How to Convert Decimal to Percent
Rule: Multiply the decimal by 100%. This is equivalent to moving the decimal
point two places to the right and appending the % sign.
Examples:
1. 0.55 = 55%
2. 0.275 = 27.5%
3. 1.6 = 160%
3. How to Convert Percent to Fraction
Rule: Divide the given percentage by 100% and simplify to the lowest term.
Examples:
1. 45%= 2. 60%= 3. 560%=
45% 9 60% 3 560% 28
= = =
100% 20 100% 5 100% 5
4. How to Convert Fraction to Percent
Rule: First, convert the fraction to decimal by applying #1. Then, convert the
decimal to percent by applying #2.
Examples:
3 9 85
1. = 0.75 = 2. = 0.20 = 3. = 4.25 =
4 45 20
75% 20% 425%
5. How to Convert Percent to Decimal
Rule: Divide the percent by 100%. This is equivalent to moving the decimal point
two places to the left and cancel the % sign.
Examples:
1. 25% = .25 2. 8.465% = .08465 3. 537% = 5.37
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6. How to Convert Decimal to Fraction
(i) To convert a terminating decimal to a fraction, apply the concept of place value.
Examples:
45 126 63 2563
1. 0.45 = 100 2. 5.126 = 5 1000 = 5 500 = 500
(ii) To convert a repeating decimal to a fraction, refer to the examples below.

Examples:
1. Convert the repeating decimal 0.3 = 0.33333… to a fraction.
Solution: Let x = 0.3̅ (multiply the equation by 10)
10x = 3. 3̅
- x = 0. 3̅
9x = 3
3 3 1
x=9 Therefore, 0. 3̅ = 9 𝑜𝑟 3.
126
2. Show that the repeating decimal 1.232323… or 1.26 ̅̅̅̅ is equal to
99
̅̅̅̅ (multiply the equation by 100)
Solution: Let x = 1. 26
100x = 126. ̅26 ̅̅̅
̅
- x = 1. 26̅̅̅
99x = 125
125
x = 99 Therefore, 1. 26 ̅̅̅̅ = 125
99
3. Convert 0.5481 to a fraction.
̅̅̅̅̅ (multiply the equation by 10,000)
Solution: Let x = 0.5481
10,000x = 5481.481 ̅̅̅̅̅
- 10x = 5. ̅̅̅̅̅
481
9990x = 5476
5476
x = 9990 ̅̅̅̅̅ = 2738
Therefore, 0.5481 4995
What’s More?
Solve the following problems:

69
1. Ms. Dina has a fraction of days delayed for bank payment. Write the fraction into decimal.
4
2. Aubrey’s online parcel cost is ₱360. She tips the driver 5% for excellent service. How much
does she tip the driver?
3. Express 8.20 earned points in an online shopping as a mixed number. ______
3
4. Nanay Myrna bought 1.5 kg of pork and 1 kg of chicken. How many kilograms in all? Write
4
the answer as exact decimal.
5. Arrange the following numbers from least to greatest: 0.85 clinical error, 92% increase of
8
cases, confirmed negative result.
9
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What I Have Learned?
• To convert a fraction into a decimal, perform long division.

• To convert a decimal into fraction
10n
➢ If the decimal number is terminating, multiply the decimal by , where n is the
10n
number of decimal places.
➢ if the decimal number is nonterminating, isolate the part of the decimal that does
not repeat and convert it into fraction.
• To convert decimal into percentage, multiply the decimal by 100 and attach a percent sign.
• To convert a percentage into decimal, divide the percentage by 100 and take out the
percent sign.
What I Can Do?
Express Fraction to Decimal

37 5 5
1. = 3. 3. = 5. =
20 8 8
81
17
4. = 49
2. = 50 6. =
25 50
Express Decimal to Percent
1. 0.9 = 2. 1.6 = 3. 0.278 =
4. 0.515 = 5. 0.55 = 6. 0.66 =
Express Percent to Fraction
1. 124% = 2. 34.1% = 3. 192% =
4. 83% = 5. 150% = 6. 116% =
Express Fraction to Percent
29 3 14
1. = 3. = 5. =
20 10 10
15
30 4. = 11
2. = 16 6. =
20 10
Express Percent to Decimal

1. 52.6% = 3. 194% = 5. 110% =
2. 80% = 4. 62.2% = 6. 51.6% =
Express Decimal to Fraction
1. 1.16 = 3. 3. 1.24 = 5. 0.928 =
2. 0.772 = 4. 0.493 = 6. 0.28 =
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Assessment
1. Convert the following fractions into decimals and percentages. If the result is
nonterminating, round off your answer to four decimal places.
5 81 14 5
a. b. c. d.
8 4 15 12
2. Convert the following decimals into percentages and fractions.
a. 0.48 b. 0.17̅ c. 2.9375 d. 6.83̅
Additional Activities
A. Direction: Express the conversion of fractions, decimals, and percent by filling out the table
below.
Fraction Decimal Percent
1
1. ______________ 2. ____________
2
3. ________________ 0.365 4. _____________
1
81 5. ___________ 6. __________
2
7. _______________ 0.0136 8. ____________
18
9.______________ 10. __________
25
B. Perform the indicated operations and simplify. Express the answer in decimals (at most
6 decimal places).
3
1. 2.31 ( 4 - 50.9908) + 62.6% = _________-106.190248___________________
4
78
2. 930.22 ÷ 5 - (611%) ³ = _________________________________
1000
References
https://youtu.be/-Xt4UDk7Kzw
https://youtu.be/vXSbgGjjVnk
Licuanan, P. B. (2016). Teaching Guide For Senior High School Business Mathematics
Specialized Subject. C. P. Garcia Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City.
van Elst, Henk. (2015). An Introduction to Business Mathematics. 10.13140/RG.2.1.3063.0889.

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Lesson: Fractions, Decimals and Percentage
CONTENT:
LC CODE:
1ST QUARTER: Fundamental Operations of
ABM_BM11BS-FO- 4
WEEK 2 Fractions, Decimals, and
ABM_BM11BS-FO- 5
Percentage
What I need to know
At the end of this material, you should be able to:

• give real-life situations to illustrate fractions, decimals, and percent
• solve problems involving fractions, decimals, and percent
What’s In?
In the previous week, you have learned how to express fractions, decimals and percent into
its conversion. In this lesson, you will explore the application of those learnings into practical
scenarios.
List down at least 5 practical/ real world illustrations of the following:
1. Practical Examples and Profession on Fractions
2. Practical Examples and Profession on Decimals
3. Practical Examples and Profession on Percentage
What’s New?
Jose clicked his way around an online store selling assortments of shoes and bags and
other accessories. His eyes skimmed over the store’s price list, and he noticed how good a
number of the prices did not end with “.00”. It seemed odd at first that the products should be
worth where the last centavo mattered, specifically since people these days were not particular
fond of keeping and spending coins, but he soon remembered how he had paid similar amounts
using his credit card.
With this came various recollections. His phone bill last month had amounted to ₱ 523.57.
His last trip to the supermarket had seen him buying 1.023 kg of pork. He had recently worked on
a book manuscript with three other people and had taken 1/4 of the total amount the publisher
had given them.
He had never paid attention to it, but he had always stood in the middle of numbers
wherein the whole was divided into small parts, which were divided into even smaller parts.
This section focuses on the ways in which parts of a whole are expressed and the
operations used to manipulate them. It also introduces a handful of real-life-scenarios where these
parts of the whole can be applied.
What is It
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1. Ana was asked to make four seasons juice. She went to fruit stand to buy 1 kilo of
2
orange, 3/4 kilo of guava, half kilo of mango, and 2 pieces medium size of pineapple. One kilo of
watermelon costs ₱150, 1 kilo of apple costs ₱125, a kilo of mango costs ₱80 and a medium size
of pineapple costs ₱60. If Ana has ₱500, will she be able to buy everything she needs? If yes,
how much change is left, if any?
Solution:
1
For orange: 1 (150) = 1.5(150) = 225.00
2
For guava: 3/4 (125) = 0.75(125) = 93.75
1
For mango: (80) = 0.50(80) = 40.00
2
For pineapple: 2(60) = 120.00
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225.00 + 93.75 + 40.00 + 120.00 = ₱ 478.75
Therefore, the total amount required is ₱478.75. Hence, Ana can buy everything she needs.
Now, 500 – 478.75 = 21.25. Hence, her change is ₱21.25.
2. In the new normal, Fonzy has to attend a meeting thru zoom application. He will be
needing 2GB of mobile data for a 2-hour zoom meeting. If the load package he wants to
choose is ₱0.65 per minute, how much minimum load will he buy?
Solution:
₱0.65 (120 minutes) = ₱78.00, thus the minimum load he will buy is ₱78.00.
3. Triple R water station delivers mineral water to customers inside the subdivision with
500 units occupied. Each gallon costs ₱25.00. If 25% of the homeowners ordered an average
of a gallon of mineral water every day, how much does Triple R earnings in a day? 3125
Solution:
500 x 0.25 = 125 x ₱25.00 = ₱3,125.00 is the total earnings of Triple R.
4. My sister is about to give birth in the next few months. In preparation for her delivery,
I am looking for a newborn package in an online shop. I saw 68% off on Brand X and it only
costs ₱370.60 plus shipping fee of ₱50.00. What was the original price of the item?
Solution:
Let x be the original price; ₱370.60/x=0.68 0.68x/0.68=₱370.60/0.68 x = ₱545.00;
therefore, the original price of the item is ₱545.00.
5. The faculty members of the school established a cooperative which lends a cash loan.
One teacher wants to apply for ₱15,000.00 payable for 6 months in a 2% interest per month.
How much will be the monthly amortization of the teacher if application is granted? How much
will be the total interest?
Solution:
₱15,000.00 x 1.02 = ₱15,300/month is the monthly amortization of the teacher.
₱15,000.00 x 0.02 = ₱300/month x 6 months = ₱1,800.00 is the total interest.
In solving word problems like this, stay focus. Do not get panic easily especially if you
see many numbers. Keep an eye to the main problem and given data. Analyze carefully on
the operation to use. In some instances, there are some given information which are not
necessary in solving the problem.
What’s More?
Solve the following problems.

1. An agent is selling a house and lot unit which has a contract price of ₱750,000.00 plus
₱5,000.00 reservation fee. It has an equity of ₱175,000.00 payable for 18 months in 0%
interest or 24 months in 4% interest rate monthly.
a. If the buyer wants to pay the unit on a spot cash, how much money will be prepared?
b. If the buyer wants to pay the equity for 2 years, how much money will be prepared?
2. The cost of food online and in store is the same. I plan to order pizza online, for Father’s
Day, which costs ₱499 plus ₱45 delivery charge including the 12% VAT.
a. If I will order pizza online, how much is the total cost before the VAT?
b. If I will go to store and buy the same pizza, how much will it cost after the VAT?
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3. My electric bill for the month of March, before the community quarantine, is ₱3,510.00.
During the quarantine, my April bill increased to 260%.
a. How much is the bill during the quarantine?
b. How much will I pay for March and April?
4. I was offered by an agent two different health insurance. Insurance X costs ₱4,650 per
quarter with 20% discount on the first payment. Insurance Y costs ₱1,675 monthly with
25% discount on the first payment.
a. Which insurance is cheaper?
b. How much is the difference if payment will make in a year?
5. A souvenir shop is giving 10% discount in all items to customers whose que number is
less than 50. My total purchase is ₱1320.00.
a. If my que number is 49, how much will I pay to the cashier?
b. If my que number is 50, how much will I pay to the cashier?
What I Have Learned?
Steps in solving real life situation problems in fractions, decimals, and percentages:
1. Read the problem to see what it is about.
2. Get the information necessary to solve the problem.
3. Use conversion technique about fractions, decimals, and percentage or vice versa,
depending on what is ask in the problem.
What I Can Do?
1. Maria was asked to go to the market to buy 2 1/2 kilos of pork, 1/4 kilo of garlic, and
6 pieces of saba. One kilo of pork costs ₱215, 1 kilo of garlic costs ₱105, and one piece of
saba costs ₱2.30. If Maria is given ₱700, will she be able to buy everything she was asked
to buy? If yes, how much change is left, if any?
2. Pedro needs to call his classmates to give them final instructions about their class
project. He thinks he will need about 2 minutes to talk to each one of them. If his cellular phone
has a current load worth ₱425 and a call would cost him ₱6.15 per minute, how many of his
classmates will he be able to talk to?
3. Juan drove his car to the gas station for refueling. If the price of the gasoline is
PhP38.31 per liter and he paid ₱1000 for gas purchase, how many liters of gasoline were
pumped into his car? Round off the answer to the nearest thousandths (or three decimal
places).
4. If the old price of a product is PhP100 and the new price is ₱500, what is the
percentage increase in the price?
5. Miguel agrees to lend you money for a monthly interest of 12%. How much will you
pay him next month if you borrowed ₱500?
6. A house and lot in a certain subdivision is being sold for ₱1,013,450. If the lot
measures 210 square meters, what is its cost per square meter?
7. A gadget costs ₱2000 before the 12% VAT. How much is the total cost of the gadget
after VAT?
8. If your total bill is ₱176.75, how much of it is the VAT?
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Assessment
Direction: Solve the following problems.

1. In a grocery store, Maria is choosing between two brands of laundry detergent that
would give her lesser cost. Brand A with net content of 2.2 kg costs ₱144.75 and Brand
B with net content of 900 grams costs ₱67.80. Which brand will Maria choose?
2. A department store is giving sales discount on selected items. How much would you
pay for a pair of shoes whose original price is ₱1,350 with a 20% discount?
3. Sonia baked 5- dozens of cupcakes which cost her a total of ₱2,675. How much
should she sell each cupcake if she wants to get a 25% profit?
4. Joel and his friends had lunch at a nearby restaurant. If their total bill was ₱640, how
much was the value added tax? (12% VAT)?
5. Mr. Santos left an estate worth 12 million pesos to his wife and three children. If the
1
law entitles the wife to of the estate plus an equal share among the children of the
2
1
remaining , how much of the 12 million pesos will be given to the wife? How much will
2
be the share of each child?
6. The basic charge and environmental charge reflected in a Manila Water bill is ₱309.97
and ₱62.07, respectively. What percent of the basic charge is the environmental
charge? In the same bill, the total Vatable current charge is ₱373.93. How much is the
12% VAT?
7. Senior citizens and persons with disability are given a 20% discount on food items. If
a child with disability gives a one-hundred-peso bill to pay for ice cream that costs ₱55
(inclusive of VAT), how much change will the child receive?
8. Mrs. Reyes treated her daughter and her 3 classmates to merienda at a burger
restaurant. Based on the listed prices (inclusive of VAT) in the menu, their orders would
amount to a total of ₱1,000. If there is a 5% service charge based on the total amount,
and, Mrs. Reyes avails of her senior citizen discount, how much will Mrs. Reyes pay?
Additional Activities

1. Part of the curriculum in business mathematics subject is to plan for food sale in school.
Group 1 wants to sell a banana cue. After the procurement of ingredients and raw materials
for a week, the total cash out is ₱575 for 50 sticks.
a. If the group wants to gain 50% profit, how much should they sell the banana cue per
stick?
b. If all items are sold, how much is the total earning of group 1?
2. Santos family had their baptismal reception in a restaurant near People’s Park Valenzuela
City. Their total bill for 80 guests is ₱35,000.00 excluding the VAT.
a. How much is the total cost per person including the VAT?
b. How much is the total cost including the VAT?
3. Last school year, your child is enrolled in a learning center whose monthly tuition fee costs
₱2,000.00 and vehicle service of ₱800.00 monthly. At present, they offer 50% discount on
first payment. However, you plan to transfer your child in a private school, near your
residence, with a monthly tuition fee of ₱2,800.
a. In what educational platform I can gain less cost?
b. Without the 50% discount, which platform offer less?
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4. Adam Wong is a husband of one and a father of two in different woman. When he died
with 20 million pesos, the law states that the legal wife will receive half of his properties.
The other half will be received by the legitimate child. The illegitimate child is also entitled
but only half of the legitimate child’s share.
a. How much will the legal wife receive?
b. How much will legitimate child receive? How much will illegitimate child receive?
5. When Mr. and Mrs. Cruz turned 60 years old, they applied for senior citizen ID so that
they can avail the benefits entitled to them. Every time they went out for dine-in, they
always present their ID to avail discount. One Sunday, they had their lunch in a buffet with
their 2 adult daughters and a PWD son. Their total meal is ₱3,450.
a. If two senior citizens and a PWD presented their IDs, how much will they pay for the
meal?
b. How much is the difference between discounted bill and regular bill?
References
https://youtu.be/-Xt4UDk7Kzw
https://youtu.be/vXSbgGjjVnk
Licuanan, P. B. (2016). Teaching Guide for Senior High School Business Mathematics
Van Elst, Henk. (2015). An Introduction to Business Mathematics.
10.13140/RG.2.1.3063.0889.
Chan Shio, Christian Paul et.al. 2017. Business Mathematics for Filipinos
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Lesson: Ratio and Proportion
CONTENT:
1ST QUARTER: LC CODE:
Key Concepts of Ratio and
WEEK 3 ABM_BM11RP-Ie-3
Proportion
What I need to
know

• identify the different kinds of proportions and give examples of each
What’
s In?
Determine if the following are equal or not.

1. 6% = 0.06 6. 11% = 0.011
2. ¾ = 75% 7. 1.21 = 121%
3. 0.07 = 7/10 8. 8/7 = 80/70
4. 0.6 = 1/6 9. 90% = 0.09
5. 10/3 = 30% 10. 1/8 = 100/800
What’s
New?
A ratio is known as a comparison of two quantities. It is usually written as fraction
where the first number is the numerator while the latter is the denominator. When we do
fractions, we always get the lowest term. For example, a ratio of 5 boys to 10 girls is equivalent
1
to or 1 is to 2. It means that in every boy there are two girls.
2
A proportion is known as two equal ratios. They are said to be equal if after we do
2 4
cross multiplication on the two ratios, they will get the same product. For example, =
5 10
when 2 multiply by 10 gives you 20; and 5 multiply by 4 gives you 20 also. In this case, we
can say that the two ratios are equal, therefore, they are proportion.
Types of proportion (variation):

1. Direct proportion – when x variable increases, y variable also increases. For
example, in the assumption that many people will go out of their house and perform physical
contact, there will also be an increase on the number of infected cases.
2. Inverse – when x variable increases, y variable will decrease. The more number of
people will help hand-in-hand in seeking for solution to a problem, the less number of days
will occur in the duration of the process.
3. Partitive proportion – a whole is divided into more than two parts. This is visible in
slicing a cake to 3 children, for example.
Wh
at is It
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A. Try to mentally calculate the following equations and tell whether the equations are
proportional or not.
n 10 7 28 2 y
1. = 3. = 5. =
2 2 x 3 y 2
2 x n 7
2. = 4. =
5 5 7 n
B. Identify the kind of proportion each problem stated.
1. One morning, I decided to cook chicken sopas for breakfast. Two of the ingredients
are 3 cups of water for 100 grams of elbow macaroni. How many cups of water are
needed for 500 grams of macaroni?
Solution:
As the number of grams of elbow macaroni increases, the number of cups of
water will also increases. Therefore, this is a direct proportion.
2. Bautista family is the owner of condo unit 316. Before they moved-in, they asked 2
helpers to put on the floor tiles. It took them 10 hours to complete the job. How many
helpers are needed to finish the job in 2 hours?
Solution:
As the number of hours decreases in completing the job, the number of helpers
will increase to meet the expectation. Therefore, this is an inverse proportion.
3. Daniel is a senior high school student in a public school of Valenzuela City. He has a
daily school allowance of ₱100 and allocated for daily school expenses in a ratio of
1:3:5:10. What is the amount of each allocation?
Solution:
Since ₱100 is allocated into 4 parts, this is a kind of partitive proportion.
What’s
More?
Find the missing number of the following equations to make it proportional.
1. 4: 6 = 6: N 6. N: 30 = 28: 42
2. 4: N = 10: 15 7. 48: N = 16: 15
3. N: 4 = 25: 20 8. 20: 4 = N: 2
4. 8: 10 = N: 15 9. 24:4 = N: 3
5. 8: N = 40: 45 10. 6: N = 8:2
What I Have
Learned?
In identifying kinds of proportion, it is important that you understand the problem very
well. Sometimes it is also necessary to visualize the problem to fully comprehend it. Try to put
yourself on the problem so you can imagine what is asked. Furthermore, it is also significant
to illustrate the fractional form of the ratio and make sure that the numerators and
denominators are of the same unit, respectively.
What I
Can Do?
Identify the kind of proportion in each item.
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1. Michelle owns a specialty shop with three departments for jewelry, handbags and
shoes. If the sells for the three departments are ₱ 56 250.00, ₱ 11 250.00, and ₱33
750.00 respective, what is the ratio of the sales among the three departments?
2. If Flor wanted to invest an additional amount of P27 000.00 in ⑵ above and decided
to purchase inventories for the three departments in the same proportion as the sales
ratio, how much inventories will be purchased for each department?
3. EJ has a new recipe calling for a mixture of chocolate powder and milk at a ratio of 2
1
cups chocolate powder for every 5 cups of milk. If EJ used 7 cups of chocolate, how
4
many cups of milk will he need?
4. An area consisting of 140 acres is to be developed and it was decided that the ratio of
space provided for the buildings, roads, and parking space should be at a ratio of 4:2:1.
How much should be allotted for each use?
5. A general survey showed that there are 150 rank-and-file workers for every 4 first-level
supervisors. If there are 4 500 rank-and-file workers, how many first-level supervisors
are there?
6. Water (H2O) contains hydrogen atom and oxygen atom at a ratio of 2 atoms of
hydrogen for every 1 atom of oxygen. To produce 4 molecules of water, therefore, we
need 8 hydrogen atoms and 4 oxygen atoms. How many atoms each of hydrogen and
oxygen will be needed to produce 150 molecules of water?
7. Each chloroform (CHC13) molecules contains 1 C atom, 1 H atom, and 3 Cl atoms. If
we need 600 molecules of chloroform, how many atoms of each element should we
have?
8. If Arra wants to stock 144 T-shirts and the ratio of white, plain colored, and printed T-
shirts is 1:3:2, how many of each type should Arra stock?
9. Roxlee is good in bowling. His record shows that he makes strikes and spares at a
ratio of 2:3. If he has made a total of 24 spares in the last tournament, how many
strikes did he make?
10. A father wants to leave $27 000 to his four children in the ratio of 2:3:3:2. How much
will each of the four children receive?
Assess
ment
1. Marco has three children on a different mother. He has to give financial obligation with
a total amount of ₱17,000. Since they are on different age and are studying on different
schools, the ratio of their monthly allowance is 2:3:5. How much does each of them
receive?
2. During the pandemic of covid-19, report shows that 2 out of 5 contacted people might
be infected of the virus through human transmission. How many people can be infected
in a barangay of 120,000 people if lockdown will not be implemented?
3. Part of barangay health center program is to conduct a house-to-house visitation for
polio vaccination. Health workers reported that 4 out of 5 children were already
vaccinated. How many children are polio vaccinated in a 24,000 total population?
4. One hundred pieces of face mask is on sale online and it costs ₱560 including the
shipping fee. How much does each face mask cost?
s t
1-4
JJP
5. Reyes family used to hire people to do household chores on their annual grand reunion
celebration. Two people can complete the task in 9 hours. How many hours can 9
people do the task?
6. Jessica received a box of cookies as a birthday gift. She loves it very much and want
to buy some. When she searched it in online shop, 2 boxes of cookies cost ₱340. How
much do 5 boxes of cookies cost?
7. Mommy Pinky has ₱26,000 allocated budget to her bank monthly amortization in the
ratio of 2:11:13. How much allocation is in each bank?
8. A teacher had a moonlighting in a private school. She was offered 9 hours a week and
earn ₱4,536. How much does she earn if she will be given 12 hours load in a week?
9. The newlywed decided to renovate their recently acquired townhouse. They contacted
a contractor to do the job. If the contractor says that a worker can finish the job in 12
months, how many workers are needed to finish the job in 2 months?
10. A senior high school student, with high honors, graduate applied for a tutorial services
on an hourly basis. She was offered ₱90 per hour for 6 hours a day. How much does
she earn if she works 10 hours a day?
Additional
Activities
A. Identify the kind of proportion in each item.
1. A deceased person stated in his testament that his 30-hectare land be divided
among his three children using 1:2:3 partition, the oldest getting the biggest share.
How much did the second child receive?
2. A piece of curtain rod, 70 cm long, is divided into two pieces in the ratio 3:2.
What is the length of each of the two pieces of curtain rod?
1
3. The ratio of cups of water to cups of honey syrup in a menu is 3:1: 2 .If this is just
for one serving, how much of each is needed for a menu that makes 5 servings?
4. Teacher Maris was tasked to monitor the online enrolment per day. She can
consolidate 400 students in 8 hours. How long will it take her to consolidate 1600
students?
5. A supply of food donation lasts for a week for 20 families. How long would the
supply last if 3 more families have to be supplied?
B. Based on your own experience, give two (2) examples of each kind of proportion.
Example:
Direct Inverse
Partitive
Frequency of bath time three vehicles at home monthly
salary for
during summer but in community lockdown expenditure
allocation
_______________________ ______________________
_________________
_______________________ ______________________
_________________
15 | B u s iReferen
ness Mathematics: Grade 11: 1 s t
Quarter: Week
ces 1-4
JJP
https://youtu.be/XJMIYMRUi4M
https://youtu.be/Nn6xlztdTHU
Lopez, Norma. 2016. Business Mathematics. Rex Bookstore
van Elst, Henk. (2015). An Introduction to Business Mathematics.
10.13140/RG.2.1.3063.0889.
s t
1-4
JJP
Lesson: Ratio and Proportion
ST CONTENT:
1 QUARTER: LC CODE:
Key Concepts of Ratio and
WEEK 4 ABM_BM11RP-If-4
Proportion
What I need to
know

• solve problems involving direct, inverse, and partitive proportions
What’
s In?
1. Jessa buys three bananas for PHP25.00. How much does she have to pay for a
dozen of these bananas?
2. A menu which serves 5 people requires 3 cups of flour. How many cups of flour are
needed for the menu to serve 20 people?
3. To finish a certain job in 8 days, 6 workers are needed. If it is required to finish the
same job in 2 days advance, how many workers have to work?
4. Rose breakfast contains wheat, rice, and oats in the ratio 2: 4: 1. If she makes her
meal using 110 grams of wheat, how many grams of rice will be used?
5. If 4 painters can paint a house in 15 days, how long can 8 painters finish the same
size under the same condition?
6. Mr. Santos and Mr. Del Rosario are business partners. How much does each received
if a profit of ₱ 130,000 is divide in the ratio of 7 to 3 in favor of Mr. Santos?
What’s
New?
People used proportions to solve several problems. You are using proportions
without you knowing – using social media, watching videos, playing online games, and others.
For instance, you browse the internet 6 hours a day. How many hours do you spend
browsing in a week? This is a kind of direct proportion. You can solve it through the illustration
below:
Let x be the number of hours you spend in browsing the internet for 7 days
(equivalent to 1 week)
6 hours x hours
= → x = 42 hours
1 day 7 days
Another situation may be in a form of clothing. You have 20 different long pants in
the closet. During community lockdown, where non-front liners prohibit to go outside, you only
wear it once in a while and even not wearing it at all. This is an example of inverse proportion.
Even if you have plenty of signature shoes but you are less than 22 years old, you are not allowed
to go outside the house, if not for emergency cases.
s t
17 | B u s i n e s s M a t h e m a t i c s : G r a d e 1 1 : 1 Quarter: Week 1-4
JJP
For partitive proportion, this is visible for people who earn money. It is where
budget matter comes in. the earned money is allocated to several expenses in terms of
transportation, bills, loans, tuition fee, house rental, food, water, and others. The partition of those
expenses may not be equally divided. It depends on the amount due to it.
What is It
4. In a class of 40 students, 16 are from the city and 24 are from the provinces. What fraction
of the students is from the provinces? What is the ratio of students from the provinces to
those from the city?
Solution:
24 3
The fraction of students from the provinces is given by 40 or 5 in lowest terms. That
is, the ratio of students from the provinces to the total number of students in the class is
𝟐𝟒
3:5. The ratio of students from the provinces to those from the city is or 3:2.
𝟏𝟔
5. A marketing assistant found that 300 of the 500 customers who entered a store on a
weekend made a purchase. Based on this survey, what is the probability that a randomly
selected customer on a weekend will make a purchase?
Solution:
Since 300 out of 500 customers in a similar situation made a purchase, we use
300
this ratio to estimate the probability; that is, 𝑃 = = 𝟎. 𝟔.
500
6. In a business mathematics class of 160 total number of students, last semester ratio of
passed students to outstanding students is 16 to 10. How many are outstanding students?
Solution:
The ratio of passed students to outstanding students is 16 to 10. This is the same
of saying “8 to 5” as the simples form. That means, out of 8 students, 5 are outstanding.
5
This is defined by the ratio 8. If we let x be the total number of students who are
𝑥
outstanding, then 160
defines the number of people x out of 160 who are outstanding.
5 𝑥
Equation the two ratios, we have 8 = 160 , where x = 100, as outstanding students.
7. It was a rainy day when my mother asked me to make a champorado for breakfast. The
recipe calls for 4 tablespoons of cocoa powder and 1.75 cups of water. How many
tablespoons of cocoa powder are needed if I will double the cups of water?
Solution:
Let x represent the number of tablespoons. The problem translates to the
𝑥 4
following proportion: 3.5 = 1.75
Note that both ratios in the proportion compare the same quantities; that is, both
ratios compare number of tablespoons to cups pf water. In words, the proportion says
that “x tablespoon to 3.5 cups of water as 4 tablespoons to 1.75 cups of water”.
Using the fundamental property of proportions, we obtain the following:
s t
JJP
𝑥 4
3.5
= 1.75 → 1.75(𝑥) = 14 → 𝑥 = 𝟖 𝒕𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆𝒔𝒑𝒐𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒄𝒐𝒄𝒐𝒂 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒅𝒆𝒓
8. The head of quality assurance in a cupcake manufacturing firm had an inventory on the
items produced and bad order items. Report says that in every 800 produced items, 50
were bad order. If the entire line of production can produce 2,496 cupcakes in one run,
how many items are expected to become bad order?
Solution:
Let x be the number of expected bad order items and do the math.
𝑥 50
= → 800(𝑥) = 124,800 → 𝑥 = 𝟏𝟓𝟔 𝒃𝒂𝒅 𝒐𝒓𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝒊𝒕𝒆𝒎𝒔
2,496 800
9. Brigada Eskwela 2019 calls every volunteer from different sector of stakeholders to
actively participate on the community service in preparation for the opening of classes.
Documentation committee recorded that in one day, 2 volunteers can paint the classroom
in 3 hours and 45 minutes. In how many hours can 5 volunteers paint the same classroom?
Solution:
Let x be the number of hours when 5 volunteers paint the classroom
(2 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑟𝑠)(3.75 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠)
𝑥= → 𝑥 = 𝟏. 𝟓 𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒓𝒔 𝒐𝒓 𝟏 𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒓 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝟑𝟎 𝒎𝒊𝒏𝒖𝒕𝒆𝒔
5 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑟𝑠
10. Mrs. Sebastian has three kids who are studying on the same school. Part of her monthly
expenses is the daily allowance of her children. She has to manage her ₱3,000 budget in
a ratio of 1:2:3 for Ryla, Ryan, and Rya, respectively. How much does each child monthly
allowance?
Solution:
x + 2x + 3x = 3,000 500 + 2(500) + 3(500) = 3,000
6x = 3000 Therefore, the monthly allowance of 3 children is as follows:
x = 500 Ryla is ₱500; Ryan is ₱1000 and Rya is ₱1500
What’s
More?
Solve the following problems on ratio and proportion.
1. A chocolate cake requires an average of one hour of baking time while a
cupcake requires only 20 minutes of baking time. What is the ratio of baking time
for chocolate cake to that for the cupcake? Express you answer in simplest form.
2. Write the ratio, 28 days to 8 weeks, as a fraction in lowest terms.
3. A piece of string, 20 cm long, is divided into two pieces in the ratio 3:2. What is
the length of each of the two pieces of string?
4. A manufacturer knows that during an average production run, out of 1,000 items
produced by a certain machine, 25 will be defective. If the machine produces
2,030 items, how many can be expected to be defective?
5. If 1 out of 6 people buy a particular branded item, how many people can be
expected to buy this item in a community of 6,000 people?
What I Have
Learned?
s t
JJP
In solving proportions, there are 3 main conditions to consider:
1. Be sure that the quantities given are on the same unit. Make some modification if
necessary.
2. From the given ratio, it would be easier if you change them into fractional form.
3. In calculating the unknown variable, see to it that items or units on the numerator and
denominator are the same.
What I
Can Do?
1. If nine men take 15 days to assemble 18 machines, how many days will it take 20 men
to assemble 60 machines?
2. The number of cars c produced by a plant in a month is directly proportional to the
number of machines m that deployed in the plant. Suppose the plant produces 12 cars in a
month when there are 3 machines.
a) Express the relationship between c and m as an equation. What is the constant
of proportionality?
b) How many cars will be produced if there are four machines?
c) How many machines will be needed to produce 20 cars per month?
3. In each of the following statements, x and y are inversely proportional.
a) When x is 4, y is 12, what is y when x is 8?
b) When y is 9, x is 16, what is y when x is 3?
c) If y is 18 when x is 2, find y when x is 6.
Assess
ment
11. During the pandemic of covid-19, report shows that 2 out of 5 contacted people might be
infected of the virus through human transmission. How many people can be infected in a
barangay of 120,000 people if lockdown will not be implemented?
12. Part of barangay health center program is to conduct a house-to-house visitation for polio
vaccination. Health workers reported that 4 out of 5 children were already vaccinated. How
many children are polio vaccinated in a 24,000-total population?
13. One hundred pieces of face mask is on sale online and it costs ₱560 including the
shipping fee. How much does each face mask cost?
14. Jessica received a box of cookies as a birthday gift. She loves it very much and want to
buy some. When she searched it in online shop, 2 boxes of cookies cost ₱340. How much
do 5 boxes of cookies cost?
15. Marco has three children on a different mother. He has to give financial obligation with a
total amount of ₱17,000. Since they are on different age and are studying on different
schools, the ratio of their monthly allowance is 2:3:5. How much does each of them
receive?
16. Mommy Pinky has ₱26,000 allocated budget to her bank monthly amortization in the ratio
of 2:11:13. How much allocation is in each bank?
17. A teacher had a moonlighting in a private school. She was offered 9 hours a week and
earn ₱4,536. How much does she earn if she will be given 12 hours load in a week?
s t
JJP
18. A senior high school student, with high honors, graduate applied for a tutorial services on
an hourly basis. She was offered ₱90 per hour for 6 hours a day. How much does she
earn if she works 10 hours a day?
19. The newlywed decided to renovate their recently acquired townhouse. They contacted a
contractor to do the job. If the contractor says that a worker can finish the job in 12 months,
how many workers are needed to finish the job in 2 months?
20. Reyes family used to hire people to do household chores on their annual grand reunion
celebration. Two people can complete the task in 9 hours. How many hours can 9 people
do the task?
Additional
Activities
A. Solve the following problems.
6. A deceased person stated in his testament that his 30-hectare land be divided among
his three children using 1:2:3 partition, the oldest getting the biggest share. How much
did the second child receive?
7. A piece of curtain rod, 70 cm long, is divided into two pieces in the ratio 3:2. What is
the length of each of the two pieces of curtain rod?
1
8. The ratio of cups of water to cups of honey syrup in a menu is 3:1: 2 .If this is just for
one serving, how much of each is needed for a menu that makes 5 servings?
9. Teacher Maris was tasked to monitor the online enrolment per day. She can
consolidate 400 students in 8 hours. How long will it take her to consolidate 1600
students?
10. A supply of food donation lasts for a week for 20 families. How long would the supply
last if 3 more families have to be supplied?
B. Narrate three (3) lived experiences when you demonstrated the learning of ratio and
proportion.
Example:
I was asked by my mother to cook for pancit bihon good for 3 servings. Few
minutes after I prepared the ingredients, she called me and asked me to do the favor.
Grandparents will come over and I need to cook for 5 servings. I need to adjust the measurement
of my ingredients accordingly. It’s good thing that I have knowledge in proportion because the
pancit bihon that I cooked was loved by my family.
Referen
ces
https://youtu.be/XJMIYMRUi4M
https://youtu.be/Nn6xlztdTHU
s t
JJP
Lopez, Norma. 2016. Business Mathematics. Rex Bookstore
van Elst, Henk. (2015). An Introduction to Business Mathematics.
10.13140/RG.2.1.3063.0889.
s t
JJP

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Lesson: Fractions, Decimals and Percentage

What I need to know

At the end of this material, you should be able to express:

(ii) To convert a repeating decimal to a fraction, refer to the examples below.

Solve the following problems:

• To convert a fraction into a decimal, perform long division.

What I Can Do?

Express Fraction to Decimal

Express Percent to Decimal

3. ________________ 0.365 4. _____________

7. _______________ 0.0136 8. ____________

van Elst, Henk. (2015). An Introduction to Business Mathematics. 10.13140/RG.2.1.3063.0889.

What I need to know

At the end of this material, you should be able to:

Solve the following problems.

What I Have Learned?

What I Can Do?

Direction: Solve the following problems.

Solve the following problems.

At the end of this material, you should be able to:

Determine if the following are equal or not.

Types of proportion (variation):

At the end of this material, you should be able to:

Solve the following problems.

You might also like

3. ____ 0.365 4. _

7. ___ 0.0136 8.