1.

There are 10 employees in an office, not counting the office manager. The table shows how many
employees have 0, 1, 2 or 3 pets. If the office manager also were included in the table, the average
(arithmetic mean) number of pets per person would equal the median number of pets per person.
How many pets does the office manager have?

A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
E. 7


2. In a population of chickens, the average (arithmetic mean) weight is 6.3 pounds, and the standard
deviation is 1.2 pounds. Which of the following weights (in pounds) are within 1.5 units of standard
deviation of the mean? (Indicate all weights.)

A. 4.4
B. 4.6
C. 5.1
D. 5.2
E. 6.9
F. 7.6
G. 7.7
H. 8.2


3. List S = {16, 9, 23, X, 13, 16}. In list S, the mean and median and mode are all equal to one another.
What is the value of X?

4. Column A: The average (arithmetic mean) of 3! , 3! , 3!
Column B: 34

A. The quantity in Column A is greater
B. The quantity in Column B is greater
C. The two quantities are equal
D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given





5. The average (arithmetic mean) of five numbers is 3x + 4. If one of the numbers is 7x – 4, what is the
average of the other four numbers?

A. 1.6x + 3.2
B. 1.6x + 4.8
C. 2x + 4
D. 2x + 6
E. 4x + 8


6. The median of x , y , 8 and 11 is 19.

Column A: x
Column B: 23

A. The quantity in Column A is greater
B. The quantity in Column B is greater
C. The two quantities are equal
D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given

7. If the average (arithmetic mean) of b and c is 5, and the average of c and d is 10, then b - d =

A. Cannot be determined
B. -5
C. -10
D. -15
E. -20

8. The average (arithmetic mean) of x , y and 15 is 9.

Column A: Average of x and y
Column B: 6

A. The quantity in Column A is greater
B. The quantity in Column B is greater
C. The two quantities are equal
D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given














9. Ten students wrote a test, and the distribution of scores is shown on the frequency table. If the
average (arithmetic mean) score is 62, what is the value of x ?

A. 62
B. 65
C. 71
D. 76
E. 83



10. In list S, there are four numbers. Three of the numbers are 13, 29, and 41, and the fourth number is X.
If the mean of the list is less than 25, what could be the value of X? (Indicate all possible values of X.)

A. 13
B. 15
C. 17
D. 19
E. 21
F. 23
G. 25
H. 27


11. In Alioth Industries, 20% of the employees have advanced degrees and the others have bachelor's
degrees. The average salary for the employees with advanced degree is $350,000, and the average
salary for employees with bachelor's degrees is $100,000. What is the average salary, in dollars, for all
the employees at Alioth Industries?


12. w + x = –4, x + y = 25, y + w = 15

Column A: The average (arithmetic mean) of w , x and y
Column B: 6

A. The quantity in Column A is greater
B. The quantity in Column B is greater
C. The two quantities are equal
D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given
13. The average (arithmetic mean) of 4 different integers is 75. If the largest integer is 90, what is the
least possible value of the smallest integer?

A. 1
B. 19
C. 29
D. 30
E. 33

14. Triangle A has sides with length 5, 5 and 8. Triangle B has sides with length 8, 8 and 5.

Column A: The average (arithmetic mean) measure of the 3 angles of triangle A.
Column B: The average (arithmetic mean) measure of the 3 angles of triangle B.

A. The quantity in Column A is greater
B. The quantity in Column B is greater
C. The two quantities are equal
D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given

15.

16. w , x , and y are positive integers. w + x + y = 90

Column A: Average (arithmetic mean) of w , x , and y
Column B: Median of w , x , and y

A. The quantity in Column A is greater
B. The quantity in Column B is greater
C. The two quantities are equal
D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given

17. If a set of numbers is normally distributed with a mean of 82 and a standard deviation of 6,
approximately what percent of the numbers are greater than 76 and less than 94?

A. 27%
B. 68%
C. 73%
D. 82%
E. 95%




18. Marcia has 2 liters of a 60% concentrated solution of phosphoric acid. She wants to add 3 liters of less
concentrated phosphoric acid solutions, so that she has 5 liters of a solution with a concentration less
than 50%. Which could she add? (Indicate all possible combinations of solutions.)

A. 3 liters of a 40% concentrated solution
B. 3 liters of a 42% concentrated solution
C. 3 liters of a 44% concentrated solution
D. 3 liters of a 46% concentrated solution
E. 3 liters of a 48% concentrated solution
F. 2 liters of a 40% solution and 1 liter of a 45% solution
G. 1 liter of a 40% solution and 2 liters of a 45% solution

19. In a certain set of numbers, 12.5 is 1.5 units of standard deviation above the mean, and 8.9 is 0.5 units
of standard deviation below the mean. What is the mean of the set? Give your answer to the nearest
0.1


20. In a group of 60 people, the average (arithmetic mean) age of the 40 females is 60, and the average
age of the 20 males is 70.

Column A: Average age of all 60 people
Column B: 65

A. The quantity in Column A is greater
B. The quantity in Column B is greater
C. The two quantities are equal
D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given

21. If the average (arithmetic mean) of 24 consecutive odd integers is 48, what is the median of the 24
numbers?

A. 36
B. 47
C. 48
D. 49
E. 72

22. The sum of 5 consecutive even integers is 0.

Column A: The product of the 5 integers
Column B: 0

A. The quantity in Column A is greater
B. The quantity in Column B is greater
C. The two quantities are equal
D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given





23.

24. The average (arithmetic mean) weight of 8 children is 100 pounds. No child weighs exactly 100
pounds.

Column A: Number of children who weigh more than 100 pounds.
Column B: Number of children who weigh less than 100 pounds.

A. The quantity in Column A is greater
B. The quantity in Column B is greater
C. The two quantities are equal
D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given

25. If the average (arithmetic mean) of x, y, and 20 is 11, then the average of 2x + 3, 2y – 4, and 8 is

A. 11
B. 12
C. 13
D. 14
E. 15

26. Helen mixes a first solution, 4 liters of 40% concentrated sulfuric acid solution, with a second
solution, 5 liters of a sulfuric acid solution with a stronger concentration, and the resultant solution is
9 liters of 50% concentrated sulfuric acid solution. What was the concentration, as a percent, of the
second solution?


27. a , b , c and d are different positive numbers. The average (arithmetic mean) of a and b is 30. The
average of a , b , c and d is 40.

Column A: The greatest possible value of d
Column B: 99

A. The quantity in Column A is greater
B. The quantity in Column B is greater
C. The two quantities are equal
D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given




28. The average (arithmetic mean) of two numbers is 4x. If one of the numbers is y, then the value of the
other number is

A. x – 4y
B. 4x + 4y
C. 8x – 4y
D. 4y – 8x
E. 8x – y

29. v + w – 4 = x + y – 5

Column A: Average (arithmetic mean) of v and w
Column B: Average (arithmetic mean) of x and y

A. The quantity in Column A is greater
B. The quantity in Column B is greater
C. The two quantities are equal
D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given

30. What is the average (arithmetic mean) of all multiples of 10 from 10 to 400 inclusive?

A. 190
B. 195
C. 200
D. 205
E. 210

31. w + x + y = 21

Column A: Average of x and y
Column B: 7

A. The quantity in Column A is greater
B. The quantity in Column B is greater
C. The two quantities are equal
D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given

32.

33. List A: {x, x, x, y, y, y, 3x+y, x–y} If the median of list A is 10 and 0 < x < y, what is the range of list A?

34. The average (arithmetic mean) of 7 different numbers is 5

Column A: Median of the 7 numbers
Column B: 5

A. The quantity in Column A is greater
B. The quantity in Column B is greater
C. The two quantities are equal
D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given

35. Positive integers a, b, c, d and e are such that a < b < c < d < e. If the average (arithmetic mean) of the
five numbers is 6 and d − b = 3, then what is the greatest possible range of the five numbers?

A. 12
B. 17
C. 18
D. 19
E. 20

36. Set A: {0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8} Set B: {2, 4, 6, 8}

Column A: Standard deviation of set A
Column B: Standard deviation of set B

A. The quantity in Column A is greater
B. The quantity in Column B is greater
C. The two quantities are equal
D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given


37. Jack has 5 cats and 1 dog. If the dog’s weight is 3 times the average (arithmetic mean) weight of the
cats, then the dog’s weight is what fraction of the total weight of all 6 animals?

A. 1/4
B. 1/3
C. 3/8
D. 3/7
E. 3/5

38. Set X: {5, 6, 9} Set Y: {0, 1, 4}

Column A: Standard deviation of set X
Column B: Standard deviation of set Y

A. The quantity in Column A is greater
B. The quantity in Column B is greater
C. The two quantities are equal
D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given

39. If the average (arithmetic mean) of x, y and 15 is 9, and the average of x, 2y and 2 is 7, then y =

A. 5
B. 6
C. 7
D. 8
E. 9

40. Set X={a, b, c}, where a < b < c. If the average (arithmetic mean) of a and b is 3x – 13, and the average
of b and c is 3x + 11, what is the range of set X?

41. The average (arithmetic mean) of 3, 3, 5, 6 and x is 2.

Column A: x
Column B: -8

A. The quantity in Column A is greater
B. The quantity in Column B is greater
C. The two quantities are equal
D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given

42. The average (arithmetic mean) of four numbers is 4a + 16. When a fifth number is added, the average
becomes 5a + 20. The fifth number is

A. a - 4
B. a + 4
C. 4a + 4
D. 4a + 16
E. 9a + 36

43. Column A: Average (arithmetic mean) of integers from −50 to −1 inclusive.
Column B: Average (arithmetic mean) of integers from −50 to 0 inclusive.

A. The quantity in Column A is greater
B. The quantity in Column B is greater
C. The two quantities are equal
D. The relationship cannot be determined from the information given

44.

45. Set X consists of 100 numbers. The average (arithmetic mean) of set X is 10, and the standard
deviation is 4.6. Which of the following two numbers, when added to set X, will decrease the set’s
standard deviation by the greatest amount?

A. –100 and –100
B. –10 and –10
C. 0 and 0
D. 0 and 20
E. 10 and 10

46. If the mean of list A is 6.8 and the standard deviation is 3.6, then how many elements of list A are
within 1 unit of standard deviation of the mean?

A = {2, 9, 2, 6, 9, 10, 7, 4, 5, 14}

A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
E. 7

47. If the average (arithmetic mean) of 3, 8, w, x, and y is 14, then the average of w + 2, x - 3, and y + 8 is

A. 11
B. 13.2
C. 17
D. 19.4
E. 22


48. In a school outing with only adults and young children, the average weight of the adults is 60 kg and
the average weight of the children is 24 kg. If the average weight of everyone on the school outing is
30 kg, what is the ratio of adults to children on this outing?

A. 1/12
B. 1/6
C. 1/5
D. ¼
E. 1/3

49.


50. Which of the following sets of numbers has the greatest standard deviation?

A. 10, 11, 12
B. –3, –4, –5
C. –2, 0, 2
D. 5.1, 5.2, 5.3
E. 20, 22, 22.5

51. In a certain class, 41 students took a test given on Monday and, for those 41 scores, the test had mean
= median = 81. Two additional students, absent on Monday, took the test on Tuesday: they received
grades of 83 and 47. What can we say about the new mean & median?

A. mean = 81 and median = 81
B. mean < 81 and median = 81
C. mean = 81 and median < 81
D. mean < 81 and median < 81
E. cannot be determined from the information given

52.

1. Text Explanation

Let's consider the median, first.

When we line up the number of pets in each household, we have this list that's given in the explanation
video:

{0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}

Now, we're going to add one more person into the list (the office manager). Let's call that number x.
Depending if x is 0, 1, 2, 3, or more, it can go before, after, or be the median itself.

Before: {x, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}

After: {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, x}

Is Median: {0, 0, 1, 1, 1, x, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3}

The middle number in bold is the median. No matter where we put x, we won't be able to change the
median very much. If x is before, the new median is 1; If x is after, the new median is 2. If x is the median,
then the median will be 1 or 2. We have only two options for x.

Since our question tells us “the average (arithmetic mean) number of pets per person would equal the
median number of pets per person," we know the mean must also be 1 or 2.

If the mean = 1, then the total sum of the 11 values is 1*11 = 11.

If the mean = 2, then the total sum of the 11 values is 2*11 = 22.

BUT, we know if we add the number of pets the 10 employees already have in the office there are 16 pets.

0 pets * 2 + 1 pet *3 + 2 pets *2 + 3 pets *3 = 16 pets total.

Uh-oh. We run into a problem if the mean = 1. In order to average 1 pet per employee, the manager would
have to own -5 pets since 16 + (-5) = 11. We obviously can't own negative pets, so that's not a possible
solution.

The mean must equal 2. In that case:

[Total pets] = [Total pets of 10 employees] + [Office Manager's pets]

[22] = [16] + [x]

x = 6

So, the Office Manager must have 6 pets, and mean = median = 2.





FAQ: Can you explain how we know the median is 1 or 2?

When we line up the number of pets in each household, we have this list that's given in the explanation
video: 0 pets, 0 pets, 1 pet, 1 pet, 1 pet, 2 pets, 2 pets, 3 pets, 3 pets, 3 pets

Or, to make it nicer to look at... {0,0,1,1,1,2,2,3,3,3}

Notice that there are ten households there, each with some number of pets. Now, we're going to add one
more person into the list (the office manager). Let's call that number x. Depending if x is 0, 1, 2, 3, or
more, it can go in a few different places.

{x,0,0,1,1,1,2,2,3,3,3}

{0,0,x,1,1,1,2,2,3,3,3}

{0,0,1,1,1,x,2,2,3,3,3}

{0,0,1,1,1,2,2,x,3,3,3}

{0,0,1,1,1,2,2,3,3,3,x}

The middle number in bold is the median. No matter where we put x, we won't be able to change this list
very much. It cannot shift over far enough that 0 or 3 (or more) could become the new median. The
median must still be 1 or 2.



























2.

3. Text Explanation
We can see that the mode is 16, which appears twice. If 16 is to be the median as well, X would have to be
greater than or equal to 16.

The mean also has to equal 16. We could do a long calculation, but think about the points this way.

9 = 7 units less than the mean

13 = 3 units less than the mean

16 = mean

16 = mean

23 = 7 units greater than the mean

X = unknown

Right now, the 23 exactly balances the 9, because one is 7 above the mean and one is 7 below the mean.
In order for everything to be balanced, we would need to balance 13. The number 13 is 3 units less than
the mean, so to balance that we would need a number 3 units greater than the mean: 16 + 3 = 19

X = 19

That value makes mean = median = mode = 16.

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