ERODE SENGUNTHAR ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(An Autonomous Institution)

DEP A RTME N T O F E .I .E
Academic Year 2019-2020
EI8851 - ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS

UNIT-1
1. Spectroscopy deals with interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter. What is the
speed of this radiation in vacuum in m/s?

a) 6 x 108
b) 5 x 108
c) 7 x 108
d) 3 x 108

Answer: d

Explanation: Speed of light is also the speed of all electromagnetic radiations. Speed of light
is 3 x 108m/s.

2. Which type of Quantum Transition takes place in Ultra Violet and Visible spectroscopy?

a) Rotation of molecules
b) Nuclear
c) Bonding electrons
d) Spin of nuclei in magnetic field

Answer: c

Explanation: In UV and Visible Spectroscopy, type of Quantum Transmission is Bonding

electrons. The rest of the options are Quantum Transmission type of other spectroscopic
methods.

3. Which of the following is not a property or parameter of electromagnetic radiation?

a) Wavelength
b) Voltage
c) Wave number
d) Amplitude

Answer: b

Explanation: Wavelength, Amplitude and Wave number are parameters of electromagnetic

radiation. Other parameters are Velocity and Frequency.

4. Which of the following is not a type of Spectroscopy?

a) Gamma ray
b) X ray
c) Nuclear magnetic resonance
d) Sound

Answer: d

Explanation: Sound is not a type of electromagnetic radiation. Hence, it is not a type of

Spectroscopy.

5. Electromagnetic radiation can travel through vacuum.

a) True
b) False

Answer: a

Explanation: Electromagnetic radiation can travel through vacuum. It does not need a
medium for propagation.

6. Which of the following is false about wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation?

a) Radiation with short wavelengths have high energies

b) Energy does not depend on wavelength
c) Radiation with long wavelengths have low energies
d) Energy depends on wavelength

Answer: b

Explanation: The radiations with short wavelength have high energies and vice versa. Thus,
energy depends on wavelength.

7. Which of the following is the wavelength of microwave radiation?

a) 10 – 780nm
b) 0.78 – 30µm
c) 0.6 – 10 m
d) 0.75 – 3.75 mm

Answer: d

Explanation: The wavelength of Microwave radiation is 0.75 – 3.75 mm. The rest of the
options are the wavelength of other Electro Magnetic radiations.

8. How is wave number of electromagnetic radiation related to wavelength?

a) It is the reciprocal of wavelength

b) It is directly proportional to wavelength
c) It is not related to wavelength
d) It is equal to wavelength

Answer: a
Explanation: Wave number is the number of waves spread in a length of one centimeter. It is
the reciprocal of wavelength.

9. Which of the following is the wavenumber of UV and Visible radiation?

a) 1 x 106 to 1.3 x 104 m-1

b) 1 x 106 to 1.3 x 104 m
c) 13 – 27 m-1
d) 1 x 106 to 1.3 x 104 m26

Answer: a

Explanation: Wave number of UV, Visible radiation is 1 x 106 to 1.3 x 104 m-1. Wave
number is the reciprocal of wavelength. So, the unit is m-1.

10. Velocity of electromagnetic radiation is more in vacuum than in any medium.

a) True
b) False

Answer: a

Explanations: Velocity of electromagnetic radiation tends to decrease when a medium is

present. Hence, it attains maximum speed in vacuum.
1. Which is the missing block in the block diagram for Absorption of Radiation Instrument
given below?

a) Filter
b) Reflector
c) Converging lens
d) Detector

Answer: d

Explanation: To measure the amount of radiation absorbed and transmitted detector is very
important. It detects the amount of radiation which is then inferred using read out device.

2. Which of the following detectors does not require a battery and is also known as barrier
layer cell?

a) Photomultiplier tube
b) Photovoltaic cell
c) Photoemissive tubes
d) Photo reflector

Answer: b

Explanation: Photovoltaic cell does not require a battery for operation. Its working is entirely
different from Photomultiplier tube or Photoemissive tubes.
3. Which of the following detectors is used to detect light intensities which are very weak?

a) Photomultiplier tube
b) Photovoltaic cell
c) Photoemissive tubes
d) Photo reflector

Answer: a

Explanation: PMT is used for detection of light intensities which are weak. As the name
suggests, Photomultiplier tube multiplies the incident electrons using dynodes causing an
avalanche of electrons.

4. How is Tungsten Halogen lamp differ from normal Tungsten filament lamp used in
absorption spectroscopy?

a) It has a tungsten filament and is filled with inert gas

b) Iodine is added to normal filling gas
c) Iodine is coated on tungsten filament
d) Iodine is added to inert gas

Answer: b

Explanation: In Tungsten filament lamp tungsten filament is enclosed in a bulb of glass filled
with inert gas or vacuum. In Tungsten Halogen lamp iodine is added to normal filling
glass.

5. Instead of glass filters, why gelatin filters could not be used for a long period while both
are Absorption filters?

a) Gelatin tends to evaporate and hence they deteriorate

b) Gelatin is affected by humidity in environment
c) They deteriorate due to absorption of heat leading to changes in gelatin
d) Gelation is affected by temperature in environment

Answer: c

Explanation: With absorption of heat they deteriorate due to changes in gelatin. Bleaching of
dye occurs.

6. How does continuous wedge filter differ from normal interference filter used in absorption
spectroscopy?

a) It permits continuous selection of different wavelength

b) It allows narrow band of wavelengths to pass
c) It has two semi-transparent layers of silver
d) Space layer is made of a substance having low refractive index

Answer: a
Explanation: It allows continuous selection of wavelength by using a spacer film of graded
thickness. Rest of the options are properties of normal interference filters.

7. Which of the following could be used as the layer of dielectric in interference filters used
in Absorption Spectroscopy?

a) Graphite
b) MgF2
c) Fe
d) AgNO3

Answer: b

Explanation: MgF2 is used as layer of dielectric in interference filters. Other material that
can be used is ZnS.

8. How can stability of radiation be achieved in incandescent or discharge source used in

Absorption Spectroscopy?

a) Using filters
b) Using monochromators
c) Using slits
d) By controlling the source voltage

Answer: d

Explanation: The intensity of radiation in incandescent source is proportional to the lamp

source voltage. Therefore, by controlling the source voltage stability can be achieved.

9. To tolerate high operating temperatures, which of the following has to be done in

incandescent or tungsten filament lamps?

a) Alloys must be used

b) Nitrogen be used instead of inert gas
c) Envelope is fabricated with quartz
d) Envelope is fabricated with copper

Answer: c

Explanation: The envelope is fabricated with quartz to allow high operating temperatures.
Tungsten filament and inert gas are generally used and are not modified.

10. Which of the following is not a reason for laser not being generally used as a source of
radiation for UV, Visible Spectroscopy?

a) High cost
b) Limited range of wavelength
c) Less intensity
d) Complex to work with
Answer: c

Explanation: Laser has high intensity. It is used in special applications where cost is not a
matter and limited range of wavelength is required.
UNIT-II
1. Chromatography is a physical method that is used to separate and analyse __________

a) Simple mixtures
b) Complex mixtures
c) Viscous mixtures
d) Metals

Answer: b

Explanation: Chromatography is a physical method that is used to separate complex

mixtures. The mixture of different components is flushed through the system at different
rates.

2. In which type of chromatography, the stationary phase held in a narrow tube and the
mobile phase is forced through it under pressure?

a) Column chromatography
b) Planar chromatography
c) Liquid chromatography
d) Gas chromatography

Answer: a

Explanation: In Column chromatography, the stationary phase held in a narrow tube and the
mobile phase is forced through it under pressure. It is carried out in a long glass column
having a stop-cock near the bottom.

3. In chromatography, the stationary phase can be ___________ supported on a solid.

a) Solid or liquid
b) Liquid or gas
c) Solid only
d) Liquid only

Answer: a

Explanation: In chromatography, there are two phases namely, stationary phase and mobile
phase. The stationary phase can be solid or liquid supported on a solid.

4. In chromatography, which of the following can the mobile phase be made of?

a) Solid or liquid
b) Liquid or gas
c) Gas only
d) Liquid only

Answer: b

Explanation: In chromatography, the mobile phase can be composed of liquid or gas. It

cannot be a solid material.

5. Which of the following cannot be used as adsorbent in Column adsorption

chromatography?

a) Magnesium oxide
b) Silica gel
c) Activated alumina
d) Potassium permanganate

Answer: d

Explanation: The given options are all examples of adsorbents in Column adsorption except
potassium permanganate. Some other adsorbents are starch and chromatographic purified
siliceous earth.

6. Which of the following types of chromatography involves the separation of substances in a

mixture over a 0.2mm thick layer of an adsorbent?

a) Gas liquid
b) Column
c) Thin layer
d) Paper

Answer: c

Explanation: Thin layer chromatography involves the separation of substances of a mixture

over a 0.2mm thick layer (thin layer) of an adsorbent. The adsorbent can be silica gel or
alumina.

7. Chromatography cannot be used to purify volatile substances.

a) True
b) False

Answer: b

Explanation: Chromatography can be used to purify volatile substances if the carrier fluid,
operating conditions and right adsorbent material are employed.

8. In Column chromatography, the stationary phase is made of _________ and the mobile
phase is made of _________

a) Solid, liquid
b) Liquid, liquid
c) Liquid, gas
d) Solid, gas

Answer: a

Explanation: In Column chromatography, the stationary phase is made of solid and the
mobile phase is made of liquid. It is carried out in a long glass column which has a stop-
cock near the bottom.

9. Chromatography cannot be used to separate delicate products.

a) True
b) False

Answer: b

Explanation: Chromatography can be used to separate delicate products. This is because

chromatography is not performed under severe conditions.

10. In Thin layer chromatography, the stationary phase is made of _________ and the mobile
phase is made of _________

a) Solid, liquid
b) Liquid, liquid
c) Liquid, gas
d) Solid, gas

Answer: a

Explanation: In Thin layer chromatography, the stationary phase is made of solid and the
mobile phase is made of liquid.

11. In which of the following type of paper, chromatography does the mobile phase move
horizontally over a circular sheet of paper?

a) Ascending paper chromatography

b) Descending paper chromatography
c) Radial paper chromatography
d) Ascending – descending chromatography

Answer: c

Explanation: In Radial paper chromatography, the mobile phase moves horizontally over a
circular sheet of paper. Separation takes place based on partition.

12. Liquid chromatography can be performed in which of the following ways?

a) Only in columns
b) Only on plane surfaces
c) Either in columns or on plane surfaces
d) Neither in columns nor on plane surfaces

Answer: c

Explanation: Liquid chromatography can be performed either in columns or on plane

surfaces. It could be liquid-solid chromatography or liquid-liquid chromatography.

13. Gas chromatography can be performed in which of the following ways?

a) Only in columns
b) Only on plane surfaces
c) Either in columns or on plane surfaces
d) Neither in columns nor on plane surfaces

Answer: a

Explanation: Gas chromatography can be performed only in columns. It could be gas-solid

chromatography or gas-liquid chromatography.

14. In Gas-liquid phase chromatography, the stationary phase is composed of _________ and
the mobile phase is made of _________

a) Solid, liquid
b) Liquid, liquid
c) Liquid, gas
d) Solid, gas

Answer: c

Explanation: In Gas-liquid phase chromatography, the stationary phase is made of liquid and
the mobile phase is made of gas. Separation is based on partition.

15. Which of the following types of chromatography involves the process, where mobile
phase moves through the stationary phase by the influence of gravity or capillary action?

a) Column Chromatography
b) High Pressure Liquid Chromatography
c) Gas Chromatography
d) Planar Chromatography

Answer: d

Explanation: In Planar Chromatography, stationary phase is supported on flat plate of paper.

The mobile phase moves by the influence of gravity or capillary action.
1. Which of the following is not true about High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)?

a) It requires high pressure for the separation of the specious

b) There is no need to vaporize the samples
c) It is performed in columns
d) It has high sensitivity
Answer: b

Explanation: In High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), samples need to be vaporized.

It has high sensitivity.

2. High-pressure liquid chromatography can be performed only in columns.

a) True
b) False

Answer: a

Explanation: High-pressure liquid chromatography can be performed only in columns. This

is because application of high pressure in open bed will not be effective.

3. Which of the following is not an advantage of Syringe type pumps used in High-pressure
liquid chromatography?

a) Independent of viscosity
b) Pulse-less flow
c) High-pressure capability
d) Unlimited solvent capacity

Answer: d

Explanation: The limitation of Syringe type pump is that it has the limited solvent capacity
and is inconvenient when solvents are to be changed.

4. Which of the following is not true about solvent programming which is done in high-
performance liquid chromatography?

a) It provides unequal bandwidths

b) It provides fast overall separation
c) It provides maximum resolution
d) It provides maximum sensitivity

Answer: a

Explanation: Solvent programming is done to provide equal bandwidths. It provides

maximum sensitivity for every solute in the sample.

5. Which of the following pulse damper takes up some amount of the pulsation energy which
is released to provide smooth pressure without pulsations?

a) Flexible bellows or compressible gas passed through tee columns

b) Flexible inert diaphragm
c) Electronic pulse damper
d) Electrical pulse damper
Answer: a

Explanation: Flexible bellows or compressible gas passed through tee columns take up some
of the pulsation energy which is released to provide smooth pressure without pulsations.
Its main purpose is to avoid pulses.

6. Which of the following is not a characteristic of the syringe pump used in high-pressure
liquid chromatography?

a) Pressure capability is high

b) Maintenance is frequent
c) Limited reservoir capability
d) Slight change of flow rate when extremely high pressure compresses the solvent

Answer: b

Explanation: In syringe pumps, maintenance is infrequent. However, it has high pressure

capability.

7. Syringe pumps used in High-pressure liquid chromatography are most suitable for which
of the following columns?

a) Capillary columns
b) Guard columns
c) Short-fast columns
d) Small bore columns
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Syringe pumps used in High-pressure liquid chromatography are most suitable
for small bore columns. It is the most commonly used piston type pump.

8. Gravity feed method for solvent delivery is not used with narrow bore columns packed
with fine mesh particles.

a) True
b) False

Answer: a

Explanation: Gravity feed method for solvent delivery is not used with narrow bore columns
packed with fine mesh particles. This is because they cannot deliver solvent at high
pressure.

9. Which of the following cannot be done to reduce ripple in High-pressure liquid

chromatography?

a) Using bellows
b) Using restrictors
c) Using long nylon tube between pump and column
d) Avoiding the use of solvent pump
Answer: d

Explanation: Solvent pumps have to be used to reduce pulses in the solvent flow. When there
is a pulsed flow, the efficiency of column decreases.

10. Which of the following is not true about Hydraulic capacitance flow control system used
in HPLC?

a) It can be used only for liquids with low viscosity

b) It is irrespective of solvent compressibility
c) It maintains constant flow
d) It smoothens high-pressure pump pulsations

Answer: a

Explanation: Hydraulic capacitance flow control system used in HPLC is irrespective of the
solvent viscosity. It is also irrespective of the solvent compressibility.

UNIT-III
1. Which among the following gases have diamagnetic property (ability to be repelled by
magnetic fields)?

a) Oxygen
b) Nitrogen
c) Nitrogen dioxide
d) Nitric oxide

Answer: b

Explanation: Nitrogen has diamagnetic property. Other components that have diamagnetic
property are carbon, boron, etc.

2. Which of the following gases have paramagnetic property (ability to get attracted to the
magnetic field)?

a) Nitric oxide
b) Hydrogen
c) Helium
d) Nitrogen

Answer: a

Explanation: Nitric oxide has paramagnetic property. Nitrogen dioxide and oxygen are other
gases that have paramagnetic property.

3. The force produced during operation of Paramagnetic oxygen analyzer is proportional to

which of the following?

a) Magnetic susceptibility of sphere

b) Magnetic susceptibility of surrounding gas
c) Difference between magnetic susceptibility of sphere and magnetic field strength
d) Difference between magnetic susceptibility of sphere and that of surrounding gas

Answer: d

Explanation: The paramagnetic property of oxygen is used in this method for the analysis of
oxygen. The force produced during operation of Paramagnetic oxygen analyzer is
proportional to the difference between magnetic susceptibility of the sphere and that of
surrounding gas.

4. In Paramagnetic oxygen analyzer, the expression for the magnitude of force produced can
be expressed as, F = C (K-KO), where K= magnetic susceptibility of surrounding gas and
KO= magnetic susceptibility of the sphere. C denotes which of the following?

a) Magnetic field strength

b) Magnetic gradient
c) Function of magnetic field strength and gradient
d) Magnetic flux

Answer: c

Explanation: In the expression for magnitude of force, C denotes the function of magnetic
field strength and gradient. The forces are thus a measure of magnetic susceptibility and
hence of oxygen.

5. In Paramagnetic oxygen analyzer, the electrostatic force that is exerted should have which
of the following features?

a) It should be greater than the magnetic field and must be in the same direction
b) It should be equal to the magnetic field and must be in the same direction
c) It should be greater than the magnetic field and must be in the opposite direction
d) It should be equal to the magnetic field and must be in the opposite direction

Answer: d

Explanation: The electrostatic force that is exerted should be equal to the magnetic field and
must be in the opposite direction. It is exerted by two charged vanes.

6. Which of the following is true about the two charged vanes that produce an electric field in
Paramagnetic oxygen analyzer?

a) Both the vanes should be at higher potential than the test body
b) Both the vanes should have the same potential as the test body
c) One vane should be at higher potential than the test body and the other vane should be at
lower potential
d) Both the vanes should be at lower potential than the test body

Answer: c
Explanation: In Paramagnetic oxygen analyzer, the two charged vanes should be such that
one vane should be at higher potential than the test body and the other vane should be at
lower potential. This electric field produces a force.

7. In Paramagnetic oxygen analyzer, when no oxygen is present the magnetic force balances
torque of the fiber.

a) True
b) False

Answer: a

Explanation: In Paramagnetic oxygen analyzer, when no oxygen is present the magnetic

force balances torque of the fibre. If oxygen is present, it would displace the dumb-bell
sphere.

8. To improve paramagnetic oxygen analyzer, the quartz suspension must be replaced with
which of the following?

a) Platinum-iridium
b) Phosphor-bronze
c) Gold-palladium
d) Antimony

Answer: a

Explanation: To improve paramagnetic oxygen analyzer, the quartz suspension must be

replaced with Platinum-iridium. It is more robust.

9. In the Beckman instrument, the flow rate recommended when the sample enters through a
porous diffusion disc is which of the following?

a) 100-200 cc/min
b) 50-250 cc/min
c) 40-60 cc/min
d) 200-300 cc/min

Answer: b

Explanation: In the Beckman instrument, the flow rate recommended when the sample enters
through a porous diffusion disc is 50-250 cc/min. paramagnetic oxygen analyzer was first
described by Pauling.

10. In the Beckman instrument, the flow rate recommended when the sample enters directly
for rapid response is which of the following?

a) 100-200 cc/min
b) 50-250 cc/min
c) 40-60 cc/min
d) 200-300 cc/min
Answer: c

Explanation: In the Beckman instrument, the flow rate recommended when the sample enters
directly for rapid response is 40-60 cc/min. paramagnetic oxygen analyzer was first
described by Pauling.

11. Which of the following happens to the magnetic susceptibility of gases when the
temperature changes?

a) It increases with increase in temperature

b) It decreases with increase in temperature
c) It remains constant with increase in temperature
d) It remains constant with decrease in temperature

Answer: b

Explanation: Magnetic susceptibility of gases decreases with increase in temperature.

Magnetic susceptibility of oxygen decreases with increase in temperature.

12. If the oxygen content is not greater than 21%, which of the following gases must be used
to set the span point?

a) Oxygen
b) Dry air
c) Nitrogen
d) Hydrogen

Answer: b

Explanation: If the oxygen content is not greater than 21%, dry air is used to set the span
point. This is done for calibration purposes.

13. If the oxygen content is greater than 21%, which of the following gases must be used to
set the span point?

a) Oxygen
b) Dry air
c) Nitrogen
d) Hydrogen

Answer: a

Explanation: If the oxygen content is greater than 21%, oxygen is used to set the span point.
This is done for calibration purposes.
1. Which of the following is not an advantage of electrochemical cells used for analysis of
H2S?

a) Portable battery operated instrument

b) Pocket sized instrument
c) No pumps are needed
d) No interference from background gases

Answer: d

Explanation: Electrochemical cells are affected by interference from background gases.

Some of them are sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and chlorine.

2. Which of the following methods are mainly used in combustible gas detection equipment?

a) Lead acetate tape staining method

b) Solid state sensor
c) Gold film sensor
d) Electrochemical cells

Answer: b

Explanation: Solid state sensors are mainly used in combustible gas detection equipment. It is
a semiconductor sensor.

3. Which of the following is not an advantage of solid state sensor used for analysis of H2S?

a) No sampling system
b) It can be used in conditions involving vibration
c) It can be used in corrosive atmosphere
d) No interference from background gases

Answer: d

Explanation: Solid state sensors are affected by interference from background gases. Some of
them are hydrogen, isopropanol and ethyl and methyl mercaptan.

4. Which is the compound that forms the stain in Lead Acetate Tape Staining method used
for the analysis of Hydrogen Sulphide and what is the colour of the stain?

a) Lead Sulphide, red colour

b) Lead Sulphide, brown colour
c) Hydrogen acetate, white colour
d) Hydrogen acetate, green colour

Answer: b

Explanation: Hydrogen Sulphide reacts with Lead Acetate to form Lead Sulphide which is
brown in colour. Hydrogen acetate in other words is acetic acid and is colourless.

5. Which of the following methods is not used for detection of hydrogen sulphide?

a) Lead acetate tape staining method

b) Solid state sensor
c) Chemiluminescence method
d) Electrochemical cells

Answer: c

Explanation: Chemiluminescence method cannot be used for detection of hydrogen sulphide.

Others method that are used are using photometric analyser and using gold film sensor.

6. In solid state sensor, when heated to 150o to 300o which of the following occurs?

a) Resistance decreases with increase in H2S concentration

b) Resistance increases with H2S concentration
c) No change in resistance occurs
d) Sensor does not respond in this temperature range

Answer: a

Explanation: In solid state sensor, when heated to 150o to 300o resistance decreases with
increase in H2S concentration. The decrease in resistance is a logarithmic function of
H2S concentration.

7. In gold film sensor, the change in resistance is proportional to concentration of H2S.

a) True
b) False

Answer: a

Explanation: Gold film sensor works on the principle of absorption. The change in resistance
is
proportional to concentration of H2S.

8. Which of the following occurs in Electrochemical cells used for detection of hydrogen
sulphide?

a) Change in resistance
b) Redox reaction
c) Oxidation-reduction reaction
d) Change in colour

Answer: c

Explanation: In Electrochemical cells, an oxidation-reduction reaction occurs in the presence

of hydrogen sulphide. A current starts flowing and it is proportional to the concentration
of hydrogen sulphide.

9. Which of the following is not a component of solid state sensor used for detection of
hydrogen sulphide?

a) Heater
b) Thermistor
c) Semiconductor film
d) Photo detector

Answer: d

Explanation: For measuring H2S, the sensor must be maintained at a particular temperature.
This is done by using heater. The temperature is monitored using thermistor.

10. The diagram of Electrochemical cell used for the detection of hydrogen sulphide is given
below. Identify the unmarked component.

a) Filter
b) Gas permeable membrane
c) Elastic layer
d) Electrolyte

Answer: b

Explanation: The unmarked component is gas permeable membrane. Electrochemical cell is

an electrochemical gas diffusion sensor.

UNIT IV
1. In West-Gaeke colourimetric procedure, the intensity of the red purple colour is measured
photometically and it is proportional to the concentration of sulphur di-oxide. What is the
red purple coloured compound?

a) Sodium tetra chloromercurate

b) Dicholorosulphitomercurate complex
c) Ammonia molybdate
d) Paraosaniline sulphonic acid

Answer: d

Explanation: Sulphur di-oxide reacts with Sodium tetra chloromercurate to form

Dicholorosulphitomercurate complex which then reacts with formaldehyde and
pararosaniline to form Parapsaniline sulphonic acid which is red purple coloured.

2. The conductivitimetry method, involves bubbling sulphur di-oxide through a solution

containing sulphuric acid and which of the following?

a) Water
b) Hydrogen peroxide
c) Iodine
d) Formaldehyde

Answer: b

Explanation: The conductivitimetry method, involves bubbling sulphur di-oxide through a

solution containing sulphuric acid and hydrogen peroxide. It results in the formation of
sulphuric acid.
3. Which of the following are not the characteristics of conductivitimetry method used to
measure sulphur di-oxide?

a) Fast response
b) High sensitivity
c) Free from interference by other gases
d) Good accuracy

Answer: c

Explanation: Conductivitimetry instruments are affected by other gases and they cause
interference. The other gases may produce or remove ions in the solution.

4. Which of the following are not the characteristics of colorimetry method used to monitor
sulphur di-oxide?

a) It is simple
b) It has high sensitivity
c) It has good specificity
d) It is affected by interference from H2SO4, SO3, NH3, etc

Answer: d

Explanation: Colorimetry method is free from by the interference due to other gases such as
It is affected by interference from H2SO4, SO3, NH3, etc. Colour intensity is sensitive to
temperature.

5. Which of the following is not true about using gas chromatography for measuring
pollutants in air?

a) Pollutants react rapidly in the column

b) Pollutants may not be detected by the detectors
c) Special column and support materials are required
d) Pollutants may elude rapidly from the column

Answer: d

Explanation: Most of the pollutants are extreme reactive materials. Hence, they may not pass
through the column and appear at the detector.

6. The ability of sulphur dioxide to reduce iodine is used in which of the following methods?

a) Colorimetry
b) Conductivitimetry
c) Coulometry
d) Gas chromatography

Answer: c
Explanation: The ability of sulphur dioxide to reduce iodine is used in Coulometry method to
measure sulphur di-oxide. The mass of I2 reacted per unit time will indicate the amount
of sulphur di-oxide.

7. Which of the following materials are used as electrodes in coulometric method for the
measurement of sulphur di-oxide?

a) Gold
b) Silver
c) Platinum
d) Nickel

Answer: c

Explanation: In Coulometric arrangement, the electrodes are made of platinum. These act as
the anode and the cathode.

8. Which of the following is the detection limit of coulometric method used for measurement
of sulphur di-oxide?

a) 0.1 ppm
b) 1 ppm
c) 2 ppm
d) 0.01 ppm

Answer: d

Explanation: The detection limit of coulometric method is 0.01 ppm. The shift in anode
cathode potential is detected by a third electrode.

9. Sensitivity to total sulphur by Flame-photometric detector is which of the following

levels?

a) 0.1 ppm
b) 1 ppm
c) 2 ppm
d) 0.01 ppm

Answer: d

Explanation: Sensitivity to total sulphur by Flame-photometric detector is 0.01 ppm. Here,

sample air is introduced into a hydrogen-rich air flame.

10. Which of the following methods are not used for the measurement of sulphur di-oxide?

a) Colorimetric method
b) Correlation spectroscopy
c) Paramagnetic analyzers
d) Flame-photometry
Answer: c

Explanation: Sulphur di-oxide cannot be analysed using paramagnetic analyzer. This is

because sulphur di-oxide does not have paramagnetic property.

11. Which of the following is the wavelength of the radiation generated when an air stream
containing sulphur di-oxide is burned in a hydrogen-rich flame?

a) 243 nm
b) 394 nm
c) 467 nm
d) 516 nm

Answer: b

Explanation: The wavelength of the radiation generated when an air stream containing
sulphur di-oxide is burned in a hydrogen-rich flame is 394 mm. A narrow band
interference filter is used to shield radiations with all other wavelengths.

12. Given below, is the diagram of Ultraviolet Fluorescence method. Identify the unmarked
component.

a) Filter
b) Electronic circuit
c) Supply
d) Fluorescence chamber

Answer: d

Explanation: The unmarked block is Fluorescence chamber. Here, fluorescence of SO2 is

emitted.

13. In conductivitimetric method, the concentration of sulphur di-oxide is proportional to

which of the following parameters of the saw-tooth waveform?

a) Average voltage
b) Peak voltage
c) Slope
d) RMS voltage

Answer: c

Explanation: In conductivitimetric method, the concentration of sulphur di-oxide is

proportional to slope of the saw-tooth waveform. Current is recorded every 15 minutes.

14. In conductivitimetric method, to measure the conductivity of the cell, 5V ___________ is

applied across the electrodes.

a) DC
b) AC
c) Pulsating DC
d) DC or AC

Answer: b

Explanation: In conductivitimetric method, to measure the conductivity of the cell, 5V

alternating current is applied across the electrodes. This is because alternating current
avoids polarisation.

15. The response of coulometric method is instantaneous.

a) True
b) False

Answer: b

Explanation: The response of coulometric method is not instantaneous. It may take about 4
minutes for 90 percent of the signal to appear for any concentration of SO2.
1. Which of the following is the full scale range of Infrared spectroscopy method used for
measurement of carbon monoxide?

a) 0-2 ppm
b) 0-500 ppm
c) 0-1 ppm
d) 0-50 ppm

Answer: d

Explanation: The full scale range of Infrared spectroscopy method used for measurement of
carbon monoxide is 0-50 ppm. It depends on the characteristic absorption of CO
molecule at a particular wavelength.

2. Which of the following is the full scale range of Gas chromatography method used for
measurement of carbon monoxide?

a) 0-200 ppm
b) 0-500 ppm
c) 0-1 ppm
d) 0-50 ppm

Answer: a

Explanation: The full scale range of Gas chromatography method used for measurement of
carbon monoxide is 0-200 ppm. The detector used in this method is flame ionization
detector.

3. Which of the following are not the characteristics of Non-dispersive infrared analyzer
method?

a) Easy to maintain
b) High response speed
c) Effect of interfering components is high
d) High sensitivity

Answer: c

Explanation: Effect of interfering components is small for Non-dispersive infrared analyzer

method. It depends on the characteristic absorption of CO molecule at a particular
wavelength.

4. Non-dispersive infrared analyzer depends on the characteristic absorption of CO molecule

at a wavelength of __________

a) 5.4 µm
b) 4.6 µm
c) 8.9 µm
d) 10.8 µm

Answer: b

Explanation: Non-dispersive infrared analyzer depends on the characteristic absorption of

CO molecule at a wavelength of 4.6 µm.

5. The zero of the scale is calibrated using which of the following as the sample?

a) Air
b) Water
c) Inert gas
d) Pure nitrogen

Answer: d

Explanation: The zero of the scale is calibrated using pure nitrogen as the sample. Optical
filters are used to minimize effects of interfering gases.

6. The disadvantage of Non-dispersive infrared analyzer is that the effect of flow rate is
large.

a) True
b) False

Answer: b

Explanation: In Non-dispersive infrared analyzer, the effect of flow rate is small. Optical
filters are used to minimize effects of interfering gases.

7. A stripper column used in gas chromatography, can be used to retain which of the
following when an air sample is passed through it?

a) CO
b) Methane
c) Light hydrocarbons
d) Heavy hydrocarbons

Answer: d

Explanation: A stripper column can be used to retain heavy hydrocarbons when an air sample
is passed through it. It passes CO and methane into the column.

8. Which of the following is not a component of the mixture present in the reference cell of
Non-dispersive infrared analyzer?

a) CO
b) Nitrogen
c) Water vapour
d) Hydrogen

Answer: d

Explanation: The reference cell contains a fixed quantity of gases. It contains CO, nitrogen
and water vapour.

9. Hydrogen flame ionization detector can be used to detect only the peak of CO and not
methane.

a) True
b) False

Answer: b

Explanation: Hydrogen flame ionization detector can be used to detect the peak of both CO
and methane. The accuracy is about 2%.

10. CO analyzers based on infrared absorption would give greater sensitivity under which of
the following conditions?

a) With larger cell path lengths

b) With smaller cell path lengths
c) By changing the gases in the reference cell
d) By increasing the sample flow rate

Answer: a

Explanation: CO analyzers based on infrared absorption would give greater sensitivity with
larger cell path lengths. If 1m path length is given, the range is from 0 to 50ppm.

UNIT-V
1. NMR spectroscopy is used for determining structure in which of the following materials?

a) Radioactive materials
b) Insoluble chemical compounds
c) Liquids
d) Gases

Answer: c

Explanation: NMR spectroscopy is used for determining structure in liquids. It is also used
for determining the structure in soluble chemical compounds.

2. NMR is the study of absorption of __________ by nuclei in a magnetic field?

a) Radioactive radiation
b) IR radiation
c) Radio frequency radiation
d) Microwaves

Answer: c

Explanation: NMR is the study of absorption of radio frequency radiation by nuclei in a

magnetic field. For a particular nucleus an NMR absorption spectrum may consist of one
to several groups of absorption lines.

3. NMR spectrometer provides ____________ and _____________ method of determining

structure in soluble chemical compounds.

a) Accurate, destructive
b) Accurate, non-destructive
c) Inaccurate, destructive
d) Inaccurate, non-destructive

Answer: b

Explanation: NMR spectrometer provides accurate and non-destructive method of

determining structure in soluble chemical compounds. For a particular nucleus an NMR
absorption spectrum may consist of one to several groups of absorption lines.

4. NMR spectroscopy indicates the chemical nature of the __________ and spatial positions
of
_______

a) Electrons, Protons
b) Neutrons, electrons
c) Nuclei, electrons
d) Nuclei, neighbouring nuclei

Answer: d

Explanation: NMR spectroscopy indicates the chemical nature of the nuclei and spatial
positions of neighbouring nuclei. It is one of most powerful techniques for chemical
analysis.
5. In NMR spectroscopy, the spinning nuclei in strong magnetic field must be irradiated by
which of the following?

a) Perpendicular and stronger field

b) Perpendicular and weaker field
c) Parallel and stronger field
d) Parallel and weaker field

Answer: b

Explanation: In NMR spectroscopy, the spinning nuclei in strong magnetic field must be
irradiated by a weaker field which is perpendicular to it. This permits the identification of
atomic configurations in molecules.

6. Interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation can be observed by subjecting a

substance to magnetic fields in which of the following manner?

a) Both fields should be stationary

b) Both fields should be varying
c) One field should be stationary and the other should be varying
d) It must be subjected to only one field

Answer: c

Explanation: Interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation can be observed by

subjecting a substance to two magnetic fields. One magnetic field must be stationary and
the other field must be varying at some radio frequency.

7. When energy is absorbed by the sample, the absorption can be observed as a change in
signal developed by which of the following components?

a) Amplifier
b) Photodetector
c) GM counter
d) Radiofrequency detector

Answer: d

Explanation: When energy is absorbed by the sample, the absorption can be observed as a
change in signal developed by radiofrequency detector. It is then given to an amplifier.

8. Which of the following are considered to be the lowest form of Electromagnetic radiation?

a) IR radiation
b) Micro waves
c) UV radiation
d) Radio waves

Answer: d
Explanation: Radio waves are considered to be the lowest form of Electromagnetic radiation.
NMR uses radio frequency radiation for detection of structure of substances.

9. The amount of energy available in radio frequency radiation is sufficient for which of the
following?

a) Excite an atom
b) Vibrate an atom
c) Vibrate a molecule
d) Affect the nuclear spin of an atom

Answer: d

Explanation: The amount of energy available in radio frequency radiation is sufficient for
affecting the nuclear spin of an atom. It constitute the most fundamental part of
spectroscopy.

10. Nuclei having either the number of protons or neutrons as odd have _______ spin.

a) Integral spin
b) Half integral spin
c) Zero spin
d) Positive spin

Answer: b

Explanation: Nuclei having either the number of protons or neutrons as odd have half-
integral spin. Examples are H1 and B11.

11. If the number of protons or neutrons is even the spin of the nucleus will be which of the
following?

a) Integral spin
b) Half integral spin
c) Zero spin
d) Positive spin

Answer: c

Explanation: If the number of protons or neutrons is even the spin of the nucleus will be zero.
Examples are C12 and O16.

12. The difference between the field necessary for resonance in the sample and in some
arbitrary chosen compound is which of the following?

a) Field shift
b) Matrix effects
c) Chemical shift
d) Resonance shift
Answer: c

Explanation: The difference between the field necessary for resonance in the sample and in
some arbitrary chosen compound is called as chemical shift. Chemical shift is expressed
in parts per million.

13. Chemical shift allows a chemist to obtain the idea of how atoms are joined together.

a) True
b) False

Answer: a

Explanation: Chemical shift allows a chemist to obtain the idea of how atoms are joined
together. It is also possible to know the number of particular atoms present in a molecule.

14. Elementary particles such as electrons and nucleus have the property of spin.

a) True
b) False

Answer: a

Explanation: Elementary particles such as electrons and nucleus have the property of spin.
They are known to behave as if they rotate about an axis.
1. Mass spectrometers are used to determine which of the following?

a) Composition in sample
b) Concentration of elements in sample
c) Relative mass of atoms
d) Properties of sample

Answer: c

Explanation: Mass spectrometers are used to determine the relative mass of atoms and
molecules. Aston made the instrument more accurate.

2. Who invented mass spectrometers?

a) J.J Thompson
b) Goldstein
c) Nikola Tesla
d) Aston

Answer: a

Explanation: J.J Thompson introduced mass spectrometers. Aston modified the instrument to
make it more accurate.
3. In mass spectrometer, the sample that has to be analysed is bombarded with which of the
following?

a) Protons
b) Electrons
c) Neutrons
d) Alpha particles

Answer: b

Explanation: In mass spectrometer, the sample which is to be analysed is bombarded with

electrons. As a result, ions are produced.

4. Mass spectrometer separates ions on the basis of which of the following?

a) Mass
b) Charge
c) Molecular weight
d) Mass to charge ratio

Answer: d

Explanation: Mass spectrometer separates ions on the basis of mass to charge ratio. Most of
the ions are singly charged. Hence, the mass to charge ratio is equal to the mass.

5. In mass spectrometer, the ions are sorted out in which of the following ways?

a) By accelerating them through electric field

b) By accelerating them through magnetic field
c) By accelerating them through electric and magnetic field
d) By applying a high voltage

Answer: c

Explanation: In mass spectrometer, the ions are sorted out by accelerating them through
electric and magnetic field. A record of number of different kinds of ions is called mass
spectrum.

6. No two molecules will be fragmented and ionized in exactly the same manner.

a) True
b) False

Answer: a

Explanation: No two molecules will be fragmented and ionized in exactly the same manner.
This is how different molecules are identified in a complex mixture.

7. The procedure for mass spectroscopy starts with which of the following processes?
a) The sample is bombarded by electron beam
b) The ions are separated by passing them into electric and magnetic field
c) The sample is converted into gaseous state
d) The ions are detected

Answer: c

Explanation: The procedure for mass spectroscopy starts with converting the sample into
gaseous state. This is done by chemical processes.

8. In mass spectrometer, the ion currents are measured using which of the following?

a) Scintillation counter
b) Ion counter
c) Electrometer tube
d) Electric fields

Answer: c

Explanation: The ion currents are measured using sensitive electrometer tube. The ions
reaching the collecting plate are measured.

9. Which of the following ions pass through the slit and reach the collecting plate?

a) Negative ions of all masses

b) Positive ions of all masses
c) Negative ions of specific mass
d) Positive ions of specific mass

Answer: d

Explanation: Positive ions of specific mass pass through the slit and reach the collecting
plate. These ions are measured.

10. Which of the following statements is not true about mass spectrometry?

a) Impurities of masses different from the one being analysed interferes with the result
b) It has great sensitivity
c) It is suitable for data storage
d) It is suitable for library retrival

Answer: a

Explanation: Impurities of masses different from the one being analysed does not interfere
with the result in mass spectroscopy. This is a major advantage of this technique.

11. In mass spectrometer, the sample gas is introduced into the highly evacuated
spectrometer tube and it is ionised by electron beam.

a) True
b) False

Answer: a

Explanation: The sample gas is introduced into the highly evacuated spectrometer tube and it
is ionised by electron beam. The sample has to be in gaseous state.