INDIAN SCHOOL AL WADI AL KABIR
Class: XII Department: SCIENCE 2022 – 23 DATE OF
SUBJECT: PHYSICS SUBMISSION- 04-11-22
Worksheet No:10 Topic: WAVE OPTICS Note:
with answers A4 FILE FORMAT
NAME OF THE CLASS & SECTION ROLL NO.
STUDENT-
Multiple choice questions:
1. What is the geometric shape of the wave front that originates when a plane wave
passes through a convex lens?
a. Converging spherical
b. Diverging spherical
c. Plane
d. None of the above
Answer: (a) Converging Spherical
Explanation: A converging spherical wave front originates when a plane wave
passes through a convex lens.
2.How can the fringe width increase in Young’s double-slit experiment?
a. By decreasing the width of the slit
b. By reducing the separation of slits
c. By reducing the wavelength of the slits
d. By decreasing the distance between slits and the screen
Answer: (b) By decreasing the separation of slits
Explanation: The fringe width can be increased in Young’s double-slit experiment
by decreasing the separation of slits.
3. What is the locus of all particles in a medium vibrating in the same phase called?
a. Fringe
b. Wavelet
c. Wave front
d. None of the above
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Answer: (c) Wave front
Explanation: The locus of all particles in a medium vibrating in the same phase is
called a wave front.
4. Which of the following factors does the intensity of light depend on?
a. Frequency
b. Wavelength
c. Amplitude
d. Velocity
Answer: (c) Amplitude
Explanation: The intensity of light depends on amplitude.
5. Two light sources are said to be coherent when both the sources of light emit light
of
a. The same amplitude and phase
b. The same intensity and wavelength
c. The same speed
d. The same wavelength and constant phase difference
Answer: (d) the same wavelength and constant phase difference
Explanation: Two light sources are said to be coherent when both light sources emit
light of the same wavelength and constant phase difference.
6. Which of the following is conserved when light waves interfere?
a. Intensity
b. Amplitude
c. Phase
d. None of the above
Answer: (d) None of the above
Explanation: Intensity, amplitude, and phase are not conserved when light waves
interfere.
7. The idea of secondary wavelets for the. propagation of a wave was first given
by
(a) Newton
(b) Huygens
(c) Maxwell
(d) Fresnel
Answer: b
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8.Two slits in Young’s double slit experiment have widths in the ratio 81 :1. The
ratio of the amplitudes of light waves is
(a) 3 :1
(b) 3 : 2
(c) 9 :1
(d) 6:1
Answer: c
9.When interference of light takes place
(a) energy is created in the region of maximum intensity
(b) energy is destroyed in the region of maximum intensity
(c) conservation of energy holds good and energy is redistributed
(d) conservation of energy does not hold good
Answer: c
10. In a double slit interference pattern, the first maxima for infrared light would
be
(a) at the same place as the first maxima for green light
(b) closer to the centre than the first maxima for green light
(c) farther from the centre than the first maxima for green light
(d) infrared light does not produce an interference pattern
Answer: c
11. To observe diffraction, the size of the obstacle
(a) should be X/2, where X is the wavelength.
(b) should be of the order of wavelength.
(c) has no relation to wavelength.
(d) should be much larger than the wavelength.
Answer: b
12. Which of the following effects was NOT one of the things predicted by
the wave theory of light?
a. Interference
b. Refraction
c. Diffraction
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d. The Photoelectric Effect
Ans. d
13) A narrow slit is taken and a parallel beam of moving electrons is incident
normally on it. At a larger distance from the slit, a fluorescent screen is
placed. Which of the following statement is true if the size of the slit is
further narrowed?
a. The diffraction pattern cannot be observed on the screen
b. The angular width of the central maxima of the diffraction pattern will
increase
c. The angular width of the central maxima of the diffraction pattern will
decrease
d. The angular width of the central maxima of the diffraction pattern remains
the same
Answer: (b) The angular width of the central maxima of the diffraction
pattern will increase
14) How does the diffraction band of blue light look in comparison with the
red light?
a. No changes
b. Diffraction pattern becomes narrower
c. Diffraction pattern becomes broader
d. Diffraction pattern disappears
Answer: (b) Diffraction pattern becomes narrower
15) The ratio of the amplitude of the two sources producing interference 3 :
5, the ratio of intensities at maxima and minima is
a. 25:6
b. 5:3
c. 16:1
d. 25:9
Answer: (c) 16:1
16): The colours on the soap bubble is due to
a. Interference
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b. Polarisation
c. Diffraction
d. Reflection
Answer: (a) Interference
17) In Young’s double-slit experiment, the phase difference between the light
waves reaching the third bright fringe from the central fringe will be
(λ=6000 Å)
a. Zero
b. 2π
c. 4π
d. 6π
Answer: 6π
18) When Two waves of same amplitude add constructively, the intensity
becomes _____________
a) Double
b) Half
c) Four Times
d) One-Fourth
Explanation: As we know, I ∝ A2. Thus, as the two waves add
constructively, their amplitude becomes twice and hence the intensity
becomes four times.
19) If instead of monochromatic light white light is used for interference of light,
what would be the change in the observation?
a) The pattern will not be visible
b) The shape of the pattern will change from hyperbolic to circular
c) Colored fringes will be observed with a white bright fringe at the center
d) The bright and dark fringes will change position
answer: c
Explanation: When white light is used instead of monochromatic light, all
the seven constituent colors produce their interference pattern. At the center
of the screen, all the wavelengths meet in phase and, therefore, a white
bright fringe is formed. Then the next fringe will be formed due to violet
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color as the wavelength is shortest for violet color. This will be followed by
indigo, blue till red color.
20) One beam of coherent light travels path P1 in arriving at point Q and another
coherent beam
travels path P2 in arriving at the same point. If these two beams are to
interfere destructively,
the path difference P1 - P2 must be equal to
a. an odd number of half-wavelengths.
b. zero.
c. a whole number of wavelengths.
d. a whole number of half-wavelengths.
[a]
21) Two beams of coherent light travel different paths arriving at point P. If the
maximum constructive interference is to occur at point P, the two beams
must
a. arrive 180 out of phase.
b. arrive 90 out of phase.
c. travel paths that differ by a whole number of wavelengths.
d. travel paths that differ by an odd number of half-wavelengths.
[c]
22) Two light sources are said to be coherent if they
a. are of the same frequency.
b. are of the same frequency, and maintain a constant phase difference.
c. are of the same amplitude, and maintain a constant phase difference.
d. are of the same frequency and amplitude.
[b]
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS-2 MARKS
1) 633 nm laser light is passed through a narrow slit and a diffraction pattern is
observed on a screen 6.0 m away. The distance on the screen between the centers
of the first minima outside the central bright fringe is 32 mm. What is the slit
width?
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2) The wavelengths of visible light are from approximately 400 nm (violet) to
700 nm (red). Find the angular width of the first-order visible spectrum produced
by a plane grating with 600 slits per millimeter when white light falls normally on
the grating
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3) What changes are observed in a diffraction pattern if the whole apparatus is
immersed in water?
Explanation: As the whole apparatus is now immersed in water, the wavelength
of the light will change.
λ’=λμ
Therefore, as the refractive index of water is greater than the air, the wavelength
of light will decrease.
Width of central maxima = 2λa
Therefore, as the wavelength decreases, the width of the central maxima
decreases.
4) How shall a diffraction pattern change when white light is used instead of a
monochromatic light?
Answer: c
Explanation: When white light is used instead of monochromatic light, then the
central maximum remains white as all seven wavelengths meet there in the same
phase. The first minimum and second maximum will be formed by violet color
due to its shortest wavelength while the last is due to the red color as it has the
longest wavelength. Thus, a colored pattern is observed.
However, after the first few colored bands, the clarity of the band is lost, due to
overlapping.
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5. What will be the angular separation of the first order fringe from the central
maximum, when a light of wavelength 500 nm is diffracted at a slit of width 0.5
mm?
Answer: b
Explanation: a = 0.5 mm = 0.5 X 10-3m, λ = 5000 Å = 5 X 10-7 m.
Angular separation between the central maximum and the first order minimum is
given by:
sin θ = λ/a = 0.001
sin θ ≈ θ
θ = 0.001 radian
θ = 3.4 minute.
6. A screen is placed 2m away from the lens to obtain the diffraction pattern in
the focal plane of the lens in a single slit diffraction experiment. What will be the
slit width if the first minimum lies 5 mm on either side of the central maximum
when plane light waves of wavelength 4000 Å are incident on the slit?
Answer: a
Explanation: Given: f = 2 m, x = 5 X 10-3 m, λ = 4 X 10-7 m, n=1
sin θ = nλ/a, we have
a = nλ/sinθ
= 1.6 X 10-4m
= 0.16 mm.
7. What is the effect on the interference fringes in a Young's double slit experiment when
(i) the width of the two slits is increased (ii) the monochromatic source is replaced by a
source of white light and (iii) the separation between the two slits is increased, keeping
other variables constant in each case?
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8. A ray of monochromatic light passes from medium (1) to medium (2). If the
angle of incidence in medium (1) is θ and the corresponding angle of refraction in
medium (2) is θ/2, which of the two media is optically denser? Give reason.
Explanation: -
9. How do the increasing (i) wavelength and (ii) intensity of light affect the speed
of light in glass?
Explanation:
(i) ∵ v ∝ λ; ∴ speed of light increases on increasing the wavelength in glass.
(ii) There is no effect on speed of light on changing the intensity.
Long answer type questions;
1) Laser light of wavelength 640 nm incident on a pair of slits produces an
interference pattern in which the bright fringes are separated by 7.2 mm. Calculate
the wavelength of another source of light which produces interference fringes
separated by 8.1 mm using same arrangement. Also find the minimum value of the
order ‘n’ of bright fringe of shorter wavelength which coincides with that of the longer
wavelength.
Ans. Distance between two bright fringes = Fringe width
Calculation of minimum value of order: for n to be minimum
(n + 1)th maxima of shorter wavelength should coincide with nth maxima of longer
wavelength
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2. Yellow light (λ = 6000Å) illuminates a single slit of width 1 x 10-4 m. Calculate
(i) the distance between the two dark lines on either side of the central maximum,
when the diffraction pattern is viewed on a screen kept 1.5 m away from the slit;
(ii) the angular spread of the first diffraction minimum.
Ans. (i) Distance between two dark lines, on either
(ii) Angular spread of the first diffraction minimum (on either side)
3. A parallel beam of light of 600 nm falls on a narrow slit and the resulting diffraction
pattern is observed on a screen 1.2 m away. It is observed that the first minimum is
at a distance of 3 mm from the centre of the screen. Calculate the width of the slit..
CASE BASED STUDY QUESTIONS.
1. According to superposition principle, the resultant displacement produced due the
number of waves at a particular point is the vector sum of displacement produced by
the each vector at that point. The two sources of light are said to be coherent only
when the phase difference between the light waves produced by them is zero or
constant. The point at which two waves are in phase or if trough of one wave coincides
with the trough of other or crest of one wave coincides with the crest of other then the
resultant intensity produced at that point will be larger and amplitude also maximum.
Such points are the points where constructive interference takes place. While there
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are some points where two light waves are not in phase with each other and crest of
one wave coincides with the trough of other and vice versa due to which resultant
intensity at that point is minimum and amplitude also get decreased. Such points are
the points where destructive interference takes place.
For constructive interference, the path difference is equal to integral multiple of
wavelengths and resultant intensity will be maximum at that points. While for
destructive interference, the path difference is (n + 1/2) multiple of wavelengths and
where resultant intensity is zero. When light is passed around the sharp edges of an
obstacle it get bended and may enters into the geometrical shadow of that obstacle
such a phenomenon of light is called as diffraction of light. In interference, there are
equally spaced alternate bright and dark bands are possible. While in diffraction, the
there is a only one bright central Maxima and around both sides of the central Maxima
the intensity of the light decreases as we go away from that central Maxima.
Q 1.) For coherent sources of light the phase difference must be___
a) one
b) zero
c) either zero or constant
d) 90°
Q 2.) If the phase difference is 0, +2π, -4π then the interference should be
a) constructive interference
b) destructive interference
c) both a and b
d) diffraction of light
Q 3.) For destructive interference
a) path difference is (n +1/2) times wavelength
b) phase difference is π, -3π, +5π
c) path difference is integral multiple of wavelengths
d) both a and b
Q 4.) The interference and diffraction of light explains which nature of light?
Q 5.) How conservation of energy is possible in interference and diffraction of
light?
Answer key:
Q 1.) c) either zero or constant
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Q 2.) a) constructive interference
Q 3.) d) both a and b
Q 4.) The phenomenon of interference of light and diffraction of light explains the
wave nature light.
Q 5.) In interference and diffraction of light, there is a redistribution of light energy
takes place. That means if a dark fringe with less light energy is produced then there
will be also a bright fringe with high light energy will be produced in another region.
Therefore, there will be no loss or gain in light energy takes place which obeys the
law of conservation of energy.
ASSERTION REASONING QUESTIONS
Directions: These questions consist of two statements, each printed as Assertion
and Reason. While answering these questions, you are required to choose any one
of the following four responses.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and the Reason is a correct
explanation of the Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct but Reason is not a correct
explanation of the Assertion.
(c) If the Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If both the Assertion and Reason are incorrect.
1) Assertion: According to Huygen’s principle, no backward wave-front is
possible.
Reason: Amplitude of secondary wavelet is proportional to (1 + cos θ) where θ is
the angle between the ray at the point of consideration and the direction of
secondary wavelet.
Ans. b
2)Assertion: Thin film such as soap bubble or a thin layer of oil on water show
beautiful colours when illuminated by white light.
Reason: It happens due to the interference of light reflected from upper and lower
face of the thin film.
Ans. a
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3)Assertion: No interference pattern is detected when two coherent sources are
infinitely close to each other.
Reason: The fringe width is inversely proportional to the distance between the
two sources.
Ans. a
4) Assertion: It is necessary to have two waves of equal intensity to study
interference pattern.
Reason: There will be an effect on clarity if the waves are of unequal intensity.
Ans.(d) For interference, the waves may be of unequal intensities.
5) Assertion: White light falls on a double slit with one slit is covered by a green
filter. The bright fringes observed are of green colour.
Reason: The fringes observed are coloured.
Ans. (c) Interference will take place in green light only
PREPARED BY: CHECKED BY:
MS ANU ANNIE MATHEWS HOD SCIENCE
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