Volume 4, Issue 2, February – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Facile Green Fabrication of Gold Nanoparticles

using Desmostachya Bipinnata and its
Biomedical Application Studies
Mohanapriya. P1*, Sathiyapriya. R2, Murugeswari. S3
1*
Department of Nanoscience and Technology, GKM College of Engineering and Technology, Perungalathur, Chennai- 600 063.
2
Department of Chemistry, GKM College of Engineering and Technology, Perungalathur, Chennai- 600 063.
3
Department of Electronic and Communication Engineering, GKM College of Engineering and Technology, Perungalathur,
Chennai- 600 063.

Abstract:- Gold nanoparticles has many applications in II. EXPERIMENTAL

medical field such as drug delivery, bio-imaging, cancer
therapy etc. Green fabrication of gold nanoparticles A. Chemicals
was studied using Desmostachya bipinnata (Halfa grass The 99.9% pure Chloroauric acid was purchased
or Darbha). The aqueous extract of this used as from Loba Chem Pvt Ltd, Chennai. The double water,
reducing agent, mixed with the Chloroauric acid ascorbic acid and Muller Hinton Agar medium were
solution and the mixture was kept under continuous purchased and chemicals prepared were standard and
stirring. The color change of the solution into ruby red merck.
indicates the formation of gold nanoparticles was
observed. The synthesized gold nanoparticles was B. Collection of Plant and Extract Preparation
characterized using UV- Visible spectrophotometer, the Disease free plants were collected from our campus
SPR band formed at 560.0 nm. Further, the synthesised GKMCET, Kanchipuram District. The plants were
gold nanoparticles were subjected to antioxidant segregated into parts and washed with distilled water to
property and anti-bacterial activity. remove the dust and sand particles. 5g of fresh leaves were
taken in 250 mL conical flask and 50 mL of deionised
Keywords:- Green Fabrication, Gold Nanoparticles, UV- water were added to it. The flasks were kept for boiling at
Visible Spectrophotometer, Antioxidant Property, 80oC on the heating mantel for 30 minutes. After boiling,
Antibacterial Activity. the crude extract was filtered using Whatmann Filter paper
No:1. The filtrate was stored at frozen condition for the
I. INTRODUCTION further use. The presence of bio molecules in the extract
was analysed by using standard procedure.
A metal nanoparticle has wide range of applications
in the field of industry, medicine, agriculture etc. Gold C. Green Fabrication of Gold Nanoparticles
nanoparticles compared to other metal nanoparticles as 1mM concentration of Chloroauric acid solution was
significant importance due to its optical property of SPR prepared using deionised water. 5 mL of plant extract was
band formation from visible to IR region and also due to its added to 45 mL of 1mM of Chloroauric acid solution. The
biocompatibility and non-toxicity [1]. It has been utilized solution mixture was kept under heat treatment by
in microchip and sensor manufacturing, drug delivery, continuous stirring. The color change of the solution from
disease diagnosis and treatment [2]. The nanoparticles can light green into ruby red indicates the gold nanoparticles
be synthesised by various physical and chemical method, formation. Further, it was confirmed by using UV- Visible
but it as major disadvantages like high cost, release of Spectrophotometer, in the range of 400- 800 nm.
unwanted substances, use of toxic chemical, requires
maintenance of temperature, pressure etc [3]. To overcome D. Antioxidant Property
this drawback, the biological method of gold nanoparticles Hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay is utilized to
synthesis has been attracted in the present study, the study the antioxidant property of the synthesised gold
aqueous extract of Desmostachya bipinnata is utilized. The nanoparticles. 40 mM of H2O2 was prepared with PBS
plant Desmostachya bipinnata belongs to Poaceae family, buffer 7.4 pH. The PBS buffer without H2O2 is used as
commonly known as Halfa grass or Darbha. It is a blank. The ascorbic acid is used as standard. The different
sacrificial grass [4]. It has been used in human history as concentrations of gold nanoparticles were analyzed with
medicinal appliances. The stem extract of the grass used as H2O2 mixed PBS buffer solution. The solution mixture was
diuretic. Leaves are utilized for cuts and wounds [5]. To kept for 10 minutes incubation and analysed 560 nm using
treat irregular menses, jaundice and asthma root extract is UV- Visible spectrophotometer. The percentage of
used. Traditionally in India it has been used as folklore inhibition was measured using the formula:
medicine to cure various ailments [6].

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Volume 4, Issue 2, February – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
E. Antibacterial activity A. Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles
Well diffusion method was used to study the The gold nanoparticles were synthesized by addition
antibacterial activity of the synthesised gold nanoparticles of aqueous extract of Desmostachya bipinnata. The color
using Muller Hinton Agar Media. One day culture of E. change of the solution was visually observed that light
coli and B. substilus were used for the study. The media green into ruby red color. The pH of the solution was 6.85.
was prepared and poured onto the sterile petriplate and (Figure 1)
allowed to solidify and the wells were punched using
sterile cork borer. The wells were loaded with colloidal
nanoparticle solution and plant extract. Nalidixic acid
(Na30) is used as control.

III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The green route to synthesise gold nanoparticle is

simple, less cost and non- toxic method. The gold
nanoparticle was synthesized using aqueous extract of
Desmostachya bipinnata, and the plant extract was
analysed for the presence of biomolecules compounds
which acting as reducing agent and stabilizing agent to
reduce the gold ions into gold nanoparticles. The presence
of bioactive compounds such as follows:

S. PHYTOCHEMICAL AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF

NO FRESH LEAVES Fig 1:- Desmostachya bipinnata mediated synthesized gold
nanoparticles
Desmostachya bipinnata

1 Carbohydrates + B. UV- Visible Spectrometer Analysis

The colloidal solution synthesised gold nanoparticles
2 Tannins + were analysed using UV- Visible spectrometer. The SPR
band obtained at 560.0 nm. (Figure 2)
3 Saponins +
4 Flavonoids +
5 Alkaloids -
6 Quinones +
7 Glycosides -
8 Cardiac glycosides +
9 Terpenoids +
10 Phenols -
11 Coumarins +
12 Proteins +
13 Steroids +
14 Phylobatannins -
Fig 2:- UV- Visible Spectra of Desmostachya Bipinnata
15 Anthraquinones - Synthesised Gold Nanoparticles
Table:- 1 Presence of Bioactive Compounds in Aqueous
Extract Desmostachya Bipinnata C. Antioxidant Property
The antioxidant property of Desmostachya bipinnata
synthesized gold nanoparticles was studied using
Hydrogen peroxide scavenging assay. The different
concentrations of gold nanoparticles were assessed at 560
nm using PBS buffer with H2O2. The ascorbic acid was
used as standard. (Figure 3)

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Volume 4, Issue 2, February – 2019 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
S. Microorganism Zone of inhibition in mm
No Diameter
Plant Synthesized gold
extract nanoparticles
1 E. coli 6 14
2 B. substilus 3 13
Table 2:- Zone of Inhibition (Control: 16 mm)

IV. CONCLUSION

Biosynthetic route of nanoparticles synthesis is

tremendous, ecofriendly and emerging as safer and
alternate to conventional methods. Thus the present
investigation deals with Desmostachya bipinnata mediated
synthesis of gold nanoparticles was done and was
confirmed by color change into ruby red color and further
confirmed by UV- Visible spectra of SPR band obtained at
560.0 nm. The antioxidant property of the Desmostachya
bipinnata mediated synthesised gold nanoparticles showed
gradual raise of scavenging activity against hydrogen
Fig 3:- Antioxidant property by Hydrogen Peroxide peroxide. The antibacterial activity showed maximum zone
Scavening Assay inhibition in E. coli and followed by B. substilus. Hence,
the research is further extended to investigation of
D. Antibacterial Activity Desmostachya bipinnata mediated synthesised gold
The antibacterial activity of Desmostachya bipinnata nanoparticles as drug delivery systems. Thus, biosynthesis
synthesised gold nanoparticles were studied using well of gold nanoparticles eye opens the young scientists to
diffusion method using (figure 4, 5) E. coli and B. utilize the green route to fabricate nanoparticles for
substilus. Zone of inhibition was measured in mm (table medical applications.
2).
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[1]. Avnika Tomar, Garima Garg, (2013) ‘Short Review

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[4]. Ali Esmail Al Snafi, (2017), ‘Pharmacological And
Therapeutic Importance Of Desmostachya Bipinnata-
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Fig 4:- Antibacterial activity against E. coli [5]. Joshi K. B, Mandavia M. K, Golakiya B. A, (2017),
‘Comparative Study of Phytochemical Analysis,
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Root Extracts of Desmostachya bipinnata Stapf
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[6]. Rama Murthy .A, Bidhan Mahajan, (2016), ‘Medicinal
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Fig 5:- Antibacterial activity against B. substilus

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