Green Synthesis of Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) Nanoparticles Using Neolamarckia Cadamba Leaves Extract and Photocatalytic Degradation of Malachite Green

Volume 6, Issue 1, January – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Green Synthesis of Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) Nanoparticles

using Neolamarckia cadamba leaves extract and
Photocatalytic degradation of Malachite Green
RAKHI MANDLOI 1* DR. ANAMIKA JAIN 2 DR. BINDIYA SHARMA 3
1*
GOVT. HOLKAR SCIENCE GOVT. HOLKAR SCIENCE PRESTIGE INSTITUTE OF
COLLEGE, INDORE INDIA COLLEGE, ENGG., MANAGEMENT
INDORE INDIA AND RESEARCH, INDORE
INDIA
Abstract:- Due to thermal and chemical stability Usually, the phytosynthesis method used plant extract
hematite nanoparticles considered highly suitable for as a natural reagent for the synthesis of nanoparticles. Iron
biomedical applications. We recognized a biological oxide nanoparticles are more stable chemically and
method for the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles thermodynamically. FeNPs have hexagonal crystal structure
using the leaves extract of the Neolamarckia Cadamba. with densely packed oxygen lattice. Fe2O3 nanoparticles are
When we mix the extract and metal precursor solution recyclable and reusable catalyst for several organic synthesis
then leaves extract reduce the feeric ion initially and reaction and can be easily separated by reaction mixture by
forms FeOOH. After some time precipitates of Fe2O3 filtration. Else these Fe2O3 nanoparticles are also popular in
were obtained which were identified by the UV-Visible the fields of catalysis, colouring, photochemical cell,
and FT-IR spectroscopy. During the reaction ferric ion purifying water and cosmetics. Due to inertness, non-
reduced by Neolamarckia cadamba leaves extract. The toxicity and compatibility, Fe2O3 is useful material for
Leaves extract also act as a stabilizing agent. The polyol targated drug delivery and reference substance for assessing
compound like flavonoid and other compounds such as properties of other metallic oxides. In the present work we
amine, alkenes are responsible for the reduction of metal accomplished a feasible, green and advantageous synthesis
ions. The photocatalytic efficiency of Fe2O3 nanoparticles of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3) and assessing their
was evaluated by the degradation of malachite green applications in biological sector.
under sunlight irradiation. This method has been found to
be eco-friendly, low cost and effective for the nanoparticle II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
synthesis in various fields.
A. Preparation of Extract
Keywords:- Iron Nanoparticles, Neolamarckia Cadamba, Leaves were washed with distilled water. Then leaves
UV-Visible Spectroscopy, FT-IR, Photocatalyst, Reducing were dried in the shade and chopped into small pieces.
Agent, Green Catalyst. Small pieces of leaves were placed into the Soxhlet extractor
chamber and heated at 60°C. The extract was collected in
I. INTRODUCTION air tight container for further experiments.
Iron oxide nanoparticles Fe2O3 deserves special advert B. Synthesis of Fe2O3 nanoparticles using Neolamarckia
because they are easy to access and their potential Cadamba Extract
applications such as targeted drug delivery, as a photo For synthesis of Fe2O3 nanoparticles 1mM FeCl3
catalyst, and also used for water purification as compared to solution was prepared. Then 10 ml of leaves extrct was
other nanoparticles [1, 2]. using plant extract as a natural added to 90 ml of prepared metal precursor solution of
reducing and capping agent the synthesis of iron oxide FeCl3. The reaction mixture was stirred at 1000rpm for 3 hr
nanoparticles will be useful for biological application. Even at 80OC. Colour changed from light yellow to dark brown
though many biological rituals are existing for the synthesis color, indicates the formation of iron nanoparticles. By
of iron oxide nanoparticles. [3] centrifugation the nanoparticles were separated out at 2000
rpm for 15 minutes. These nanoparticles were washed 2-3
times with distilled water to remove any contaminants. Then
nanoparticles were placed into hot air oven at 60°C for 1 hr.
These NPs were calcinated at 300OC for 2 h in muffel
furnace.
IJISRT21JAN265 www.ijisrt.com 583

ISSN No:-2456-2165
Fig. 1
Fig: 2 (i)Plant Extract, (ii)Colloidal solution of NPs

Fig:1 Synthesis of FeNPs The synthesis of nanoparticles was intially confirmed
by the UV-Visible spectroscopy in the range of 200-700 nm
III. CHARACTERIZATION (Fig: 3).
A.UV-Visible spectrophotometric analysis of Fe2O3 : The
UV-Visible spectroscopy is used for the optical
characterization of synthesized nanoparticles Fe2O3 in the
range of 200-700 nm.
C. FT-IR Spectrophotometer : FTIR spectroscopy is used

for the characterization of functional groups which are
present on the surfacr of nanoparticles, in the range of
400-4000 cm-1.
D. Photocatalytic degradation of dye: We investigated the

degradation of dye by NaBH4 using Fe2O3 nanoparticles
as a catalyst. In this experiment, 20 ml of NaBH4 (0.01)
was mixed with 100 ml of malachite green (10-3) Fig: 3 UV-Visible Spectrum of FeNPs
solution and then we add 25 mg of iron oxide
nanoparticles. The intensity of colour of the mixture was The peak obtained at 310 nm confirms the formation
decreased. In the UV-Visible spectrum the intensity of of iron nanoparticles. Electronic excitation of iron
peaks also decreased which indicates the catalytic nanoparticles the peak was obtained in the spectrum [5].
activity of the Fe2O3 nanoparticles. Concentration of metal precursor (1 mM FeCl3) affect the
formation of nanoparticles. For the detection of interaction
between nanoparticles and functional groups of bimolecules
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION FT-IR spectroscopy is used [6]. Three stong peaks 3401,
1637.15 and 472.5 cm−1 observed in the FTIR spectrum
During the reaction the change in colour of reaction (Fig: 4) of synthesized FeNPs. Kumar et al have been
mixture confirms the formation of Fe2O3 nanoparticles. On reported the presence of identical bands at 472, 1634 and
the treatment of FeCl3 solution with the leaves extract the 3438 cm−1 when colloidal β-Fe2O3 was synthesized in the
appearance of brick red colour suggested the formation of presence of varying Co2+ amount. [7].
nanoparticles. Fig. 2 shows the leaves extract and reaction
mixture of leaves extract and FeCl3 solution. After mixing
the leaves extract and FeCl3 solution suddenly color change
from pale green to dark brown was observed and particles
wre settled down at the bottom of conical flask. After
calcination red coloured NPs were obtained which confirms
the formation of Fe2O3.

ISSN No:-2456-2165
malachite green could be effectively removed using Fe2O3
by cleavage of carbon-carbon double bond and Carbon-
nitrogen bond. [11].
Fig: 4 FT-IR Spectrum of FeNPs
Biomolecules present on the surface of Fe NPs are

responsible for the appearance of peaks in the FT-IR
spectrum.ha.Fig. 4 [8]. Based on our study the peak obtained
at 3855 cm−1 assigned the unsaturated nitrogen (C-N), 1618 Fig: 6 UV-Visible Spectrum of Malachite Green after
cm−1 indicating the bending vibration of H2O molecule and degradation
a broad peak obtained at 3401 cm−1. The peaks observed at
1508 indicating the C-O stretching and Band obtained at V. CONCLUSION
1457 cm-1 indicating the C-C stretching of alcohol [9, 10].
Finally the peaks observed at 549.6 and 472.5 cm -1 By the reduction of ferric ion of metal precursor
indicating the Fe-O stretching. solution using leaves extract of Neolamarckia Cadamba
Fe2O3 nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized.
The photocatalytic activity, Fig:5 of synthesized Fe2O3 UV-Visible and FT-IR spectroscopy is used for the
NPs was assessed for the degradation of malachite green dye determination of nanoparticle synthesis. The bottom up
solution under sunlight irradiation. In the dark there is no approach of biological synthesis method provide green and
chnge in concentration of dye in the presence of catalyst. profitable method. The secondary metabolites such as
Also, degradation of the dye in the absence of catalyst under flavonoids are responsible for the formation of Fe2O3. Fe2O3
the sunlight irradiation was performed that one may separate nanoparticles are found to be appropriate for the
the remarkable degradation by the Fe2O3 under the sunlight degradation of aqueous solution of malachite green under
irradiation. The fact that in the absence of the catalyst sunlight irradiation.
infinitesimal decrease appeared in the concentration of the
dye, indicated that exclusively photo catalysis has takes REFERENCES
place in the presence of Fe2O3 nanoparticles.
[1]. L Yang , Z Cao , Development of receptor targeted
iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles for efficient drug
delivery and tumor imaging. Journal of Biomedical
and Nanotechnology. 2008;4(4):439-49.
[2]. QA Pankhurst, J Connolly, Applications of magnetic
nanoparticles in biomedicine. J Phys D. 2003;36 (13):
R167.
[3]. J Sarkar, MM Mollick, D Chattopadhyay, An eco-
friendly route of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles formation and
investigation of the mechanical properties of the
HPMC-γ-Fe2O3 nanocomposites. Bioprocess Biosyst
Eng. 2017;40 (3) :351-9.
[4]. C Xia, Y Jia, M Tao, Tuning the band gap of hematite
α-Fe2O3 by sulfur doping. Phys Lett. 2013;377(31-
33):1943-7.
[5]. C.E. Hoag, J.B. Collins, J.L. Holcomb, J.R. Hoag,
Fig: 5 UV-Visible Spectrum of Malachite Green M.N. Nadagouda, R.S. Varm, J. Mater. Chem. 19
(2009) 8671–8677.
Furthermore, the Fe2O3 obtained by leaves extract [6]. M Pattanayak, PL. Nayak. Green synthesis and
exhibit enhance photocatalytic activities. The peaks of characterization of Fe (iron) nanoparticles from the
malachite green locate at 421 nm and 615 nm decreased leaf extract of Azadirachta indica . World J Nano Sci
after 30 min reaction. Fig. 6. It further indicated that Tech 2013;2:6-9. ].

ISSN No:-2456-2165
[7]. A Kumar, A Singhal. Synthesis of colloidal β-Fe2O3
nanostructures influence of addition of cobalt ion on
their morphology and magnetic behaviour. J Nanotech
2007;18:475703.
[8]. N Latha, M. Gowri. Bio synthesis and characterization
of Fe3O4 nanoparticles using Carica papaya leaves
extract. Int J Sci Res 2014;3:1551-6.
[9]. K Ramanujam, M Sundrarajan. Antimicrobial effects
of biosynthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles
using ethanolic fruit extract of Emblica officinalis. J
Photochem Photobiol. 2014;141:296-300.
[10]. GF Mohamed, MS Shaheen, SK Khalil. Application of
Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy for rapid and
simultaneous quality determination of some fruit
products. Nat Sci. 2011;9(11):21-31.
[11]. J Lee, T Isobe, M Senna. Preparation of ultra-fine
Fe3O4 particles by precipitation in the presence of
PolyVinylAcryl at high pH. J Colloid Interface Sci
1996;177:490.

Green Synthesis of Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) Nanoparticles Using Neolamarckia Cadamba Leaves Extract and Photocatalytic Degradation of Malachite Green

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Green Synthesis of Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) Nanoparticles Using Neolamarckia Cadamba Leaves Extract and Photocatalytic Degradation of Malachite Green

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Green Synthesis of Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) Nanoparticles Using Neolamarckia Cadamba Leaves Extract and Photocatalytic Degradation of Malachite Green

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Volume 6, Issue 1, January – 2021 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

Green Synthesis of Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) Nanoparticles

IJISRT21JAN265 www.ijisrt.com 583

Fig: 2 (i)Plant Extract, (ii)Colloidal solution of NPs

C. FT-IR Spectrophotometer : FTIR spectroscopy is used

D. Photocatalytic degradation of dye: We investigated the

IJISRT21JAN265 www.ijisrt.com 584

Fig: 4 FT-IR Spectrum of FeNPs

Biomolecules present on the surface of Fe NPs are

IJISRT21JAN265 www.ijisrt.com 585

IJISRT21JAN265 www.ijisrt.com 586

You might also like