Ukrajna
Ukrajna Україна |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||
Innu nazzjonali: "Ще не вмерла України" (Ukren)[1] Shche ne vmerla Ukrayiny (trażlitterazzjoni) Il-Glorja tal-Ukrajna għadha ma tmermitx |
||||||
![]() Mappa tal-Ukrajna
|
||||||
Belt kapitali (u l-ikbar belt) | Kyiv 50°27′N 30°30′E / 50.45°N 30.5°E
| |||||
Lingwi uffiċjali | Ukren | |||||
Gvern | Repubblika semi-presidenzjali unitarja | |||||
- | President | Volodymyr Zelenskyy | ||||
- | Prim Ministru | Denys Shmyhal | ||||
- | Kelliem tal-Parlament | Dmytro Razumkov | ||||
Formazzjoni | ||||||
- | Kyivan Rus' | 882 | ||||
- | Renju ta' Galizja–Volhynia |
1199 | ||||
- | Cossack Hetmanate | 17 ta' Awwissu 1649 | ||||
- | Repubblika Nazzjonali Ukrena | 7 ta' Novembru 1917 | ||||
- | Repubblika Nazzjonali Ukrajna tal-Punent | 1 ta' Novembru 1918 | ||||
- | SSR Ukrajna | 10 ta' Marzu 1919 | ||||
- | Carpatho-Ukrajna | 8 ta' Ottubru 1938 | ||||
- | Annessjoni Sovjetika tal-Ukrajna tal-Punent |
15 ta' Novembru 1939 | ||||
- | Dikjarazzjoni tal- Indipendenza Ukrajna |
30 ta' Ġunju 1941 | ||||
- | Indipendenza mill- Unjoni Sovjetika |
24 ta' Awwissu 1991a | ||||
Erja | ||||||
- | Total | 603,628 km2 (46) 233,090 mil kwadru |
||||
- | Ilma (%) | 7 | ||||
Popolazzjoni | ||||||
- | stima tal-2012 | 44,854,065[2] (28) | ||||
- | ċensiment tal-2001 | 48,457,102 | ||||
- | Densità | 77/km2 (115) 199/mili kwadri |
||||
PGD (PSX) | stima tal-2012 | |||||
- | Total | $344.727 biljun[3] | ||||
- | Per capita | $7,598[3] | ||||
PGD (nominali) | stima tal-2012 | |||||
- | Total | $180.174 biljun[3] | ||||
- | Per capita | $3,971[3] | ||||
IŻU (2013) | ![]() |
|||||
Valuta | hryvnia (UAH ) |
|||||
Żona tal-ħin | EET (UTC+2) | |||||
Kodiċi telefoniku | +380 | |||||
TLD tal-internet | .ua .укр |
|||||
1 | Referendum tal-indipendenza kien sar fl-1 ta' Diċembru, wara li l-indipendenza Ukrajna kienet finalizzata fis-26 ta' Diċembru. Il-kostituzzjoni attwali ġiet adottata fit-28 ta' Ġunju 1996. |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Map_of_Ukraine_Oblasts_simple_4_colors.svg/220px-Map_of_Ukraine_Oblasts_simple_4_colors.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Ukraine_culture_collage.jpg/220px-Ukraine_culture_collage.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B6_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg/220px-%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B6_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Dniepr_river_in_Kyiv.jpg/220px-Dniepr_river_in_Kyiv.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Dnipro_Basin_River_Town_International.png/220px-Dnipro_Basin_River_Town_International.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/ISS020-E-27185_-_View_of_Ukraine.jpg/220px-ISS020-E-27185_-_View_of_Ukraine.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Prymors%27kyi_Blvd%2C_24%2C_Mariupol%27%2C_Donetsk_Oblast%2C_Ukraine_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-Prymors%27kyi_Blvd%2C_24%2C_Mariupol%27%2C_Donetsk_Oblast%2C_Ukraine_-_panoramio.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%BE.jpg/220px-%D0%9D%D1%96%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%BE.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-%D0%93%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%87_-_panoramio.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4-%D0%94%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%838.jpg/220px-%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8F_%D0%B2_%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4-%D0%94%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%838.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Akkerman-fortress-aerial-2_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Akkerman-fortress-aerial-2_%28cropped%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Khotyn_3.jpg/220px-Khotyn_3.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Novy_Svet%2C_Crimea%2C_Sudak_Bay_from_Kush_Kaya.jpg/220px-Novy_Svet%2C_Crimea%2C_Sudak_Bay_from_Kush_Kaya.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Ukraine_Cherson_2St.-Ekater.jpg/220px-Ukraine_Cherson_2St.-Ekater.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_119.jpg/220px-%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_119.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/2009I5304_-_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE_%28%D0%9B%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5%29.jpg/220px-2009I5304_-_%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE_%28%D0%9B%D1%8C%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/46-101-0548_Lviv_Latin_Cathedral_RB_18.jpg/220px-46-101-0548_Lviv_Latin_Cathedral_RB_18.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B6_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg/220px-%D0%9E%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B6_-_panoramio_%284%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/24/UkrSchool.jpeg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Map_of_Ukrainian_dialects_en.png/220px-Map_of_Ukrainian_dialects_en.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8B_1646_new.jpg/220px-%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8C_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8B_1646_new.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Peresopnytske_Gospel_04.jpg/220px-Peresopnytske_Gospel_04.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/14_2_List_of_Radzivill_Chron.jpg/220px-14_2_List_of_Radzivill_Chron.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Izbornik_page.jpg/220px-Izbornik_page.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Ostromirovo.jpg/220px-Ostromirovo.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Beresta.jpg/220px-Beresta.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Novgorod_Codex.jpg/220px-Novgorod_Codex.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Ukrania_quae_et_Terra_Cosaccorum_cum_vicinis_Walachiae%2C_Moldoviae%2C_Johann_Baptiste_Homann_%28Nuremberg%2C_1720%29.jpg/220px-Ukrania_quae_et_Terra_Cosaccorum_cum_vicinis_Walachiae%2C_Moldoviae%2C_Johann_Baptiste_Homann_%28Nuremberg%2C_1720%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Ukraine_Oblast_Cherson_Verwaltung.jpg/220px-Ukraine_Oblast_Cherson_Verwaltung.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Kherson_province_physical_map.svg/220px-Kherson_province_physical_map.svg.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83_%D0%92%D0%94%D0%86%D0%90%D0%9C%D0%97_%C2%AB%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%C2%BB_2.jpg/220px-%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%83_%D0%92%D0%94%D0%86%D0%90%D0%9C%D0%97_%C2%AB%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B0_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%C2%BB_2.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Kosharka_15.jpg/220px-Kosharka_15.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Ukraine_Dnepr_bei_Cherson.jpg/220px-Ukraine_Dnepr_bei_Cherson.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Rakhiv.jpg/220px-Rakhiv.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Relief_map_of_Crimea_%28disputed_status%29.jpg/220px-Relief_map_of_Crimea_%28disputed_status%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Sviatopolk_silver_srebrenik.jpg/220px-Sviatopolk_silver_srebrenik.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5.jpg/220px-%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE-%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%88%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8E%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC_%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/%D0%9E._%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%8E%D0%BA-%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BA_-_1.jpg/220px-%D0%9E._%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%8E%D0%BA-%D0%A2%D1%83%D0%BA_-_1.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Vorskla.png/220px-Vorskla.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/%D0%A0%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB_%D1%83_%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96.jpg/220px-%D0%A0%D1%96%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%86%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BB_%D1%83_%D0%9A%D1%96%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Mokriye_Yaly_Staromlynovka.jpg/220px-Mokriye_Yaly_Staromlynovka.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/R._Vovcha.jpg/220px-R._Vovcha.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Vovotcha.png/220px-Vovotcha.png)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Kamyana_mohyla.jpg/220px-Kamyana_mohyla.jpg)
L-Ukrajna ( juːˈkreɪn (għajnuna·info); Ukren:Україна, translitterata:Ukrayina), hi nazzjon fl-Ewropa tal-Lvant. L-Ukrajna għandha fruntieri mal-Russja lejn il-lvant u grigal, mal-Bjelorussja għall-majjistral, mal-Polonja, is-Slovakkja u l-Ungerija lejn il-punent, mar-Rumanija u l-Moldova għall-lbiċ, u mal-Baħar l-Iswed u l-Baħar ta' Azov fin-nofsinhar u x-xlokk, rispettivament. Il-pajjiż għandhu erja ta' 603,628 km², li huwa l-akbar pajjiż fl-Ewropa.[5][6][7]
Skont it-teorija popolari u stabbilita sew, l-istat medjevali ta' Kyivan Rus ġie stabbilit mill-Varanġjani fid-9 seklu bħala l-ewwel storja rreġistrata mill-stat tal-Slavi tal-Lvant. In-nazzjon ħareġ b'saħħtu fil-Medju Evu iżda ddiżintegra fis-seklu 12. Sa nofs is-seklu 14, it-territorji Ukraini kienu taħt ir-regola ta' tliet poteri esterni: l-Orda tad-Deħeb, il-Gran Dukat tal-Litwanja, u r-Renju tal-Polonja.[8] Wara l-Gwerra l-Kbira tat-Tramuntana (1700–1721), l-Ukrajna kienet maqsuma fost numru ta' setgħat reġjonali. Mis-seklu 19, l-akbar parti tal-Ukrajna ġiet integrata fl-Imperu Russu, bil-bqija taħt il-kontroll Awstro-Ungeriż.
F'Novembru tal-2013, beda l-Ewromaidan, sensiela ta' protesti f'Kyiv u diversi partijiet oħra tal-pajjiż. Dan wassal għal rivoluzzjoni fejn fiha il-gvern ta' Viktor Yanukovych ġie mneħħi u floku Oleksandr Turchynov sar president. Fi Frar tal-2014 bdiet il-Kriżi tal-Krimea, li spiċċat bir-Russja tieħu kontroll tal-Krimea u l-belt ta' Sevastopol f'Marzu, għalkemm dan mhu rikonoxxut mill-ebda pajjiż.
Il-Karpazji huma l-ogħla firxa tal-muntanji fl-Ukrajna. L-ogħla quċċata hija Hoverla (2,061) metri
Total tal-fruntieri tal-Ukrajna: 5,581 km, pajjiżi tal-fruntiera (6): Belarus 1,111 km; Ungerija 128 km; Moldova 1,202 km; Polonja 498 km; Rumanija 601 km; Russja 1,944 km, Slovakkja 97 km.
Organizzazzjoni territorjali
[immodifika | immodifika s-sors]L-istruttura territorjali tal-Ukraina tinkludi 24 provinċja (oblast) u r-Repubblika Awtonoma tal-Krimea. Il-kapitali hija Kyiv, li, bħal Sevastopol fil-Krimea, hija meqjusa bħala unità amministrattiva separata.
Referenzi
[immodifika | immodifika s-sors]- ^ Verkhovna Rada tal-Ukrajna, ed. (6 ta' Marzu 2003). "Law of Ukraine. State Anthem of Ukraine" . Iċċekkja l-valuri tad-data f':
|data=
(għajnuna)Manutenzjoni CS1: lingwa mhix magħrufa (link) - ^ CIA World Factbook (ed.). "People and Society: Ukraine". Arkivjat minn l-oriġinal fl-2016-07-09. Miġbur 2013-08-08. Parametru mhux magħruf
|aċċessdata=
injorat (għajnuna) - ^ a b ċ d International Monetary Fund, ed. (Ottubru 2012). "Report for Selected Countries and Subjects". World Economic Outlook Database. Parametru mhux magħruf
|aċċessdata=
injorat (għajnuna) - ^ Ġnus Magħquda, ed. (2013). "Human Development Report 2013" (PDF). Parametru mhux magħruf
|aċċessdata=
injorat (għajnuna) - ^ Global Clinical Trials by Richard Chin, Elsevier, 2011, ISBN 0-12-381537-1 (page 345)
- ^ Futur ta ' Google Earth by Chandler Evans, BookSurge Publishing, 2008, ISBN 1-4196-8903-7 (page 174)
- ^ Ukrainian consul in NY (ed.). "Basic facts about Ukraine". Arkivjat minn l-oriġinal fl-2016-03-26. Miġbur 2013-08-08. Parametru mhux magħruf
|aċċessdata=
injorat (għajnuna) - ^ Britannica.com (ed.). "Ukraine :: History – Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Parametru mhux magħruf
|aċċessdata=
injorat (għajnuna)