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Nutrition, Physiology and Metabolism of Crustaceans
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Nutrition, Physiology and Metabolism of Crustaceans

A special issue of Fishes (ISSN 2410-3888). This special issue belongs to the section "Aquatic Invertebrates".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 November 2024) | Viewed by 9083

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Fernando Vega-Villasante

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Water Quality and Experimental Aquaculture (LACUIC), Centro Universitario de la Costa, Universidad de Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico
Interests: native species; freshwater crustaceans; prawns; behavior; nutrition; culture; scientometrics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Crustacean aquaculture is one of the most profitable activities worldwide. However, an important challenge continues to be the feeding and nutrition of these organisms in captivity, due to the high costs of the ingredients used to formulate feed. The fundamental basis for a correct understanding of the biology of crustaceans, whether in culture or in their natural state, is focused on the detailed study of their physiology and, therefore, their metabolism, in order to achieve optimal development for the biological capacities of organisms. It is crucial to develop research in these areas, not only to create more efficient nutrition and cultivation techniques, but also to establish sustainable management plans that protect natural populations.

The purpose of this Special Issue is to increase knowledge on crustacean nutrition, physiology and metabolism through the dissemination of relevant and updated information. We seek to promote progress in this line of research, favoring more responsible practices that are respectful to the environment, with the aim of improving cultivation and guaranteeing sustainable management.

Prof. Dr. Fernando Vega-Villasante
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fishes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 316 KiB  
Article
Apparent Digestibility Coefficients of Nutrients and Energy from Animal-Origin Proteins for Macrobrachium rosenbergii Juveniles
by Rosane Lopes Ferreira, Cecília de Souza Valente, Lilian Carolina Rosa Silva, Nathã Costa de Sousa, Marlise Teresinha Mauerwerk and Eduardo Luís Cupertino Ballester
Fishes 2024, 9(9), 341; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9090341 - 30 Aug 2024
Viewed by 640
Abstract
In prawn farming, the main protein source used in aquafeed formulations is fishmeal. Nevertheless, one estimates that in the coming years, this protein source will no longer be able to meet the demand for the activity. The search for new ingredients is important [...] Read more.
In prawn farming, the main protein source used in aquafeed formulations is fishmeal. Nevertheless, one estimates that in the coming years, this protein source will no longer be able to meet the demand for the activity. The search for new ingredients is important to meet the increasing demand and minimize environmental impacts, such as the reduction in fish stocks and the eutrophication of aquatic systems. The objective of this study was to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), gross energy (GE), and ether extract (EE) of fishmeal, poultry co-products (viscera and hydrolysed feather), and insect meal (Gromphadorhina portentosa) for giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) juveniles. To determine the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs), 90 prawns (average weight, 15 g) were randomly distributed among three experimental units. The reference feed was formulated according to the requirements of the giant river prawn, with 35% crude protein and a gross energy of 3600 kcal kg−1. The test diets comprised 70% of the reference diet and 30% of the respective test ingredients. Prawns were fed three times a day until apparent satiety. Faeces were collected using the indirect siphoning method, twice a day at the same feeding site (at 7:30 a.m. and 6:30 p.m.). The water parameters were temperature (27 °C), dissolved oxygen (6.65 mg L−1) and pH (7.76). The ACDs of DM, CP, EE, and GE were, respectively, 61.48; 88.28; 99.89 and 88.25 for fishmeal; 76.48; 81.55; 97.29 and 85.13 for poultry viscera meal; 73.82; 75.21; 73.17 and 76.42 for hydrolysed feather meal; and 52.35; 59,48; 87.95 and 67.64 for G. portentosa meal. The values of protein (%) and digestible energy (kcal kg−1) were 55.20 and 3711 for fishmeal; 47.27 and 4285 for poultry viscera’s meal; 65.03 and 4145 for hydrolysed feather meal; and 47.72 and 3616 for G. portentosa meal. These results showed the potential use of insect meals and poultry co-products as ingredients for the diets of M. rosenbergii juveniles, as they present digestible values close to those found for fishmeal, the main raw material used in aquaculture diets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Physiology and Metabolism of Crustaceans)
12 pages, 2840 KiB  
Article
Functional Study on the BMP Signaling Pathway in the Molting of Scylla paramamosain
by Botao Zhong, Huaihua Yu, Shengming Han, Weiwei Song, Zhiming Ren, Chunlin Wang and Changkao Mu
Fishes 2024, 9(7), 263; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9070263 - 4 Jul 2024
Viewed by 791
Abstract
In this study, we added LDN-193189 2HCL to inhibit the BMP signaling pathway in Scylla paramamosain and then explored the function of this pathway in molting through the changes in the growth performance and molt-related gene expression. The study findings indicated that the [...] Read more.
In this study, we added LDN-193189 2HCL to inhibit the BMP signaling pathway in Scylla paramamosain and then explored the function of this pathway in molting through the changes in the growth performance and molt-related gene expression. The study findings indicated that the expression of ACVR1, BMPRIB, and Smad1 in Scylla paramamosain was suppressed when the LDN-193189 2HCL concentration in the culture water was 2 µm/L. Subsequently, following a 30-day experiment, there was a significant reduction in the molting frequency, growth rate, and body size of the S. paramamosain larvae. An analysis of the BMP pathway gene expression during the molting phase revealed that the BMP2, BMPR2, and Smad1 genes displayed cyclic expression patterns, while ACVR1, BMP7, and BMPRIB maintained consistent expression levels throughout the molting cycle. Additionally, the expression levels of BMP2, BMPR2, and Smad1 in the inhibition group were significantly lower compared to those in the control group. Furthermore, the inhibition of the BMP pathway led to an increase in the expression of MIH during the intermolt period and a decrease in the expression of EcR during the premolt period. These findings demonstrate that the BMP signaling pathway affects the molting of Scylla paramamosain juvenile crabs by influencing the expression of the critical genes MIH and ECR during molting, offering valuable data for functional research on the BMP signaling pathway in crustaceans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Physiology and Metabolism of Crustaceans)
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12 pages, 308 KiB  
Article
Biochemical Composition of Eggs, Larvae and Tissues of Macrobrachium tenellum Females Fed Diets with Different Lipid and Protein Levels
by Omar Alejandro Peña-Almaraz, Manuel Alejandro Vargas-Ceballos, Edilmar Cortés-Jacinto and Fernando Vega-Villasante
Fishes 2024, 9(4), 145; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9040145 - 21 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1549
Abstract
One way to approach the nutritional requirements of native shrimp, necessary to consolidate their culture, is to know their biochemical composition. The effect of feeding two levels of lipids (4 and 12% L) and four levels of proteins (30, 35, 40 and 45% [...] Read more.
One way to approach the nutritional requirements of native shrimp, necessary to consolidate their culture, is to know their biochemical composition. The effect of feeding two levels of lipids (4 and 12% L) and four levels of proteins (30, 35, 40 and 45% P) in M. tenellum females was evaluated with respect to the biochemical composition of their eggs (EG), larvae (LR), gonad (GO) and hepatopancreas (HP). Total protein (TP), total carbohydrate (TC) and total lipid (TL) were estimated. In EG, L and P levels influence TP and TL; TP increases in diets higher than P35. In LR, there are no differences (p > 0.05) in TP and in TL, only diets L4P40 and L12P30 were different (p < 0.05). In GO, there is no trend in TP differences; in TC there was variation in the range of the data and TL was higher in L4P30 and L4P35. In HP, the diets with L4 obtained the highest TP values (p < 0.05); the L12 diets were higher in TL (p < 0.05). In general, diets with an inclusion of L12 showed the highest TP, TC and TL means, within this lipid level the P30 diet stood out; therefore, it is recommended to use a diet with L12P30 in the formulation of balanced feed for the species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Physiology and Metabolism of Crustaceans)
10 pages, 284 KiB  
Article
Partial Replacement of Fish Meal with Protein Hydrolysates in the Diet of Penaeus vannamei (Boone, 1934) during the Nursery Phase
by Celma Negrini, Caio Henrique do Nascimento Ferreira, Rafael Ortiz Kracizy, Rosane Lopes Ferreira, Luana Costa, Marlise Teresinha Mauerwerk, Milena Cia Retcheski, Luisa Helena Cazarolli, Wilson Rogério Boscolo and Eduardo Luis Cupertino Ballester
Fishes 2024, 9(2), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9020075 - 15 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1816
Abstract
The objective was to evaluate the effects of partial replacement of fish meal with protein hydrolysates and a commercial product in the diets of Penaeus vannamei post-larvae on zootechnical performance, proximate chemical composition, digestive enzyme activity, and total hemocyte count. The experiment was [...] Read more.
The objective was to evaluate the effects of partial replacement of fish meal with protein hydrolysates and a commercial product in the diets of Penaeus vannamei post-larvae on zootechnical performance, proximate chemical composition, digestive enzyme activity, and total hemocyte count. The experiment was conducted in a clear water recirculation system comprising 24 experimental units, each with 30 shrimp with an average weight of 0.2 g. The treatments were control, chicken protein hydrolysate (CPH), enzymatic hydrolysate of chicken feathers, Aquabite®, CPH + maltodextrin, and CPH + yeast, with four replicates each. The inclusion level of the different protein sources evaluated was 6%. At the end of the experiment, all shrimp were counted, weighed, and measured to determine the zootechnical performance. The body and feed chemical compositions, as well as the enzymatic activities of the hepatopancreas and the total hemocyte count in the hemolymph, were analyzed. The data obtained were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey’s test. There was no statistical difference between the treatments in any of the analyzed parameters. The results showed that all the evaluated protein hydrolysates can be used as partial substitutes for fish meal in P. vannamei diets during the nursery phase, maintaining equivalent and adequate digestive enzyme activities, health, growth, and body composition of the shrimp, in addition to being ecologically sustainable ingredients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Physiology and Metabolism of Crustaceans)
10 pages, 271 KiB  
Article
Different Protein Hydrolysates Can Be Used in the Penaeus vannamei (Boone, 1934) Diet as a Partial Replacement for Fish Meal during the Grow-Out Phase
by Celma Negrini, Caio Henrique do Nascimento Ferreira, Rafael Ortiz Kracizy, Rosane Lopes Ferreira, Luana Cardoso dos Santos, Milena Cia Retcheski, Marlise Teresinha Mauerwerk, Luisa Helena Cazarolli, Wilson Rogério Boscolo and Eduardo Luis Cupertino Ballester
Fishes 2024, 9(2), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes9020073 - 12 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1809
Abstract
This study evaluated the inclusion of protein hydrolysates and a commercial product as a partial replacement for fish meals in the diet of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) during the grow-out phase. A recirculation system with 24 experimental units and a [...] Read more.
This study evaluated the inclusion of protein hydrolysates and a commercial product as a partial replacement for fish meals in the diet of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) during the grow-out phase. A recirculation system with 24 experimental units and a biological filter was used. The experimental design was completely randomized with six treatments: control; chicken protein hydrolysate (CPH); enzymatic hydrolysate of chicken feathers; Aquabite®; CPH + maltodextrin; CPH + yeast; and four replicates. After 50 days, the zootechnical performance and animal welfare parameters, centesimal carcass composition, digestive enzyme activity, and hemocyte count were evaluated. The treatments did not affect the zootechnical performance and total hemocyte count of the animals (p > 0.05). The evaluation of the antenna length indicated that all animals were in good health. The antenna length in treatment T5 was significantly greater (p > 0.05) than that in T4 and similar to that in treatments T3 and T6, demonstrating a positive influence of dietary protein hydrolysates. Concerning animal welfare, dietary protein hydrolysates influenced the length of the antenna (p < 0.05). The antenna length associated with different treatments indicated that the animals were in good welfare conditions in the production environment. With respect to body chemical composition, dry matter, ether extract, and ash were affected by the treatments (p < 0.05). Regarding the analysis of digestive enzymes, the treatments influenced the activities of amylase and trypsin (p < 0.05). The performance of the animals was satisfactory under all treatments, including enzymatic activity, demonstrating the possibility of using hydrolysates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Physiology and Metabolism of Crustaceans)
12 pages, 1089 KiB  
Article
Effect of Feed Texture and Dimensions, on Feed Waste Type and Feeding Efficiency in Juvenile Sagmariasus verreauxi
by Katarzyna Kropielnicka-Kruk, Quinn P. Fitzgibbon, Mohamed B. Codabaccus, Andrew J. Trotter, Chris G. Carter and Gregory G. Smith
Fishes 2023, 8(11), 553; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8110553 - 16 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1674
Abstract
The “messy” feeding behaviour of spiny lobsters remains an obstacle for formulated feed development. This study examined the relationship between feeding efficiency and feed waste by juvenile spiny lobster, Sagmariasus verreauxi, fed different formulated pellet diameters or lengths across two separate experiments. [...] Read more.
The “messy” feeding behaviour of spiny lobsters remains an obstacle for formulated feed development. This study examined the relationship between feeding efficiency and feed waste by juvenile spiny lobster, Sagmariasus verreauxi, fed different formulated pellet diameters or lengths across two separate experiments. Feed texture (hard and dry pellet, HDP; soft and moist pellet, SMP) was also examined. Juvenile lobsters were fed experimental feeds at 0.5% BW daily over a 6 h duration. The resulting feed waste was categorised as either feeding-related waste (FRW) or non-feeding-related waste (NFRW). For all feed types, the FRW increased with increasing pellet diameter and pellet length. The increase in FRW corresponded with a decrease in NFRW, particularly for HDP, resulting in no difference in total feed waste in any treatment investigated. Thus, even with improved feeding efficiency with small feed dimensions, feed intake was not improved. Feed leaching rate decreased with increasing pellet size, suggesting a more rapid decline in feed attractiveness for smaller pellets. This finding indicates that currently a counteractive interaction exists between pellet size and feed attractiveness and suggests improving attractiveness would further enhance feeding. Future research should aim at optimising feed dimensions simultaneously to support efficient feeding whilst enhancing attraction/gustatory stimulations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nutrition, Physiology and Metabolism of Crustaceans)
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