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Cancers
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Clinical and Translational Updates in Renal Cell Carcinoma
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Clinical and Translational Updates in Renal Cell Carcinoma

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Research of Cancer".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 December 2024 | Viewed by 7361

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Irbaz Bin Riaz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Mayo Clinic Arizona, Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
Interests: renal cell carcinoma; living evidence; machine learning; computational biology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This special issue aims to highlight the latest clinical and translational developments in renal cell carcinoma. We welcome original manuscripts(preferred) and high-quality reviews covering updates on both early and advanced renal cell carcinoma.

We welcome manuscripts covering various aspects, including developments related to basic and translational science, molecular and computational biology, artificial intelligence, and machine learning, as well as the clinical management of nuanced issues in the perioperative/adjuvant and metastatic setting.

If you have an interesting proposal related to renal cell carcinoma that is not covered by the categories listed above, please feel free to submit your proposal for consideration. We look forward to receiving your high-quality contributions.

Dr. Irbaz Bin Riaz
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • renal cell carcinoma
  • RCC
  • machine cearning
  • clinical
  • translational developments

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review, Other

11 pages, 7015 KiB  
Article
A Phase II Clinical Trial of Pembrolizumab Efficacy and Safety in Advanced Renal Medullary Carcinoma
by Chijioke Nze, Pavlos Msaouel, Mohamed H. Derbala, Bettzy Stephen, Abdulrahman Abonofal, Funda Meric-Bernstam, Nizar M. Tannir and Aung Naing
Cancers 2023, 15(15), 3806; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15153806 - 27 Jul 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2812
Abstract
Background. Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is one of most aggressive renal cell carcinomas and novel therapeutic strategies are therefore needed. Recent comprehensive molecular and immune profiling of RMC tissues revealed a highly inflamed phenotype, suggesting the potential therapeutic role for immune checkpoint therapies. [...] Read more.
Background. Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC) is one of most aggressive renal cell carcinomas and novel therapeutic strategies are therefore needed. Recent comprehensive molecular and immune profiling of RMC tissues revealed a highly inflamed phenotype, suggesting the potential therapeutic role for immune checkpoint therapies. We present the first prospective evaluation of an immune checkpoint inhibitor in a cohort of patients with RMC. Methods. A cohort of patients with locally advanced or metastatic RMC was treated with pembrolizumab 200 mg intravenously every 21 days in a phase II basket trial (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02721732). Responses were assessed by irRECIST. Tumor tissues were evaluated for PD-L1 expression and for tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) levels. Somatic mutations were assessed by targeted next-generation sequencing. Results. A total of five patients were treated. All patients had advanced disease, with the majority of patients (60%) having metastatic disease at diagnosis. All patients had rapid disease progression despite pembrolizumab treatment, with a median time to progression of 8.7 weeks. One patient (patient 5) experienced sudden clinical progression immediately after treatment initiation and was thus taken off trial less than one week after receiving pembrolizumab. Conclusions. This prospective evaluation showed no evidence of clinical activity for pembrolizumab in patients with RMC, irrespective of PD-L1 or TIL levels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical and Translational Updates in Renal Cell Carcinoma)
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14 pages, 4296 KiB  
Article
A Weakly Supervised Deep Learning Model and Human–Machine Fusion for Accurate Grading of Renal Cell Carcinoma from Histopathology Slides
by Qingyuan Zheng, Rui Yang, Huazhen Xu, Junjie Fan, Panpan Jiao, Xinmiao Ni, Jingping Yuan, Lei Wang, Zhiyuan Chen and Xiuheng Liu
Cancers 2023, 15(12), 3198; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15123198 - 15 Jun 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1796
Abstract
(1) Background: The Fuhrman grading (FG) system is widely used in the management of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, it is affected by observer variability and irreproducibility in clinical practice. We aimed to use a deep learning multi-class model called SSL-CLAM [...] Read more.
(1) Background: The Fuhrman grading (FG) system is widely used in the management of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, it is affected by observer variability and irreproducibility in clinical practice. We aimed to use a deep learning multi-class model called SSL-CLAM to assist in diagnosing the FG status of ccRCC patients using digitized whole slide images (WSIs). (2) Methods: We recruited 504 eligible ccRCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort and obtained 708 hematoxylin and eosin-stained WSIs for the development and internal validation of the SSL-CLAM model. Additionally, we obtained 445 WSIs from 188 ccRCC eligible patients in the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) cohort as an independent external validation set. A human–machine fusion approach was used to validate the added value of the SSL-CLAM model for pathologists. (3) Results: The SSL-CLAM model successfully diagnosed the five FG statuses (Grade-0, 1, 2, 3, and 4) of ccRCC, and achieved AUCs of 0.917 and 0.887 on the internal and external validation sets, respectively, outperforming a junior pathologist. For the normal/tumor classification (Grade-0, Grade-1/2/3/4) task, the SSL-CLAM model yielded AUCs close to 1 on both the internal and external validation sets. The SSL-CLAM model achieved a better performance for the two-tiered FG (Grade-0, Grade-1/2, and Grade-3/4) task, with AUCs of 0.936 and 0.915 on the internal and external validation sets, respectively. The human–machine diagnostic performance was superior to that of the SSL-CLAM model, showing promising prospects. In addition, the high-attention regions of the SSL-CLAM model showed that with an increasing FG status, the cell nuclei in the tumor region become larger, with irregular contours and increased cellular pleomorphism. (4) Conclusions: Our findings support the feasibility of using deep learning and human–machine fusion methods for FG classification on WSIs from ccRCC patients, which may assist pathologists in making diagnostic decisions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical and Translational Updates in Renal Cell Carcinoma)
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Review

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21 pages, 359 KiB  
Review
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Renal Cell Carcinoma—A Review of Use in the Primary, Cytoreductive and Oligometastatic Settings
by Conrad Josef Q. Villafuerte and Anand Swaminath
Cancers 2024, 16(19), 3334; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16193334 - 29 Sep 2024
Viewed by 930
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been increasing in incidence by around 1.5% per year for several years. However, the mortality rate has been decreasing by 1.6% per year, and this can be attributed to stage migration and improvements in treatment. One treatment modality [...] Read more.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has been increasing in incidence by around 1.5% per year for several years. However, the mortality rate has been decreasing by 1.6% per year, and this can be attributed to stage migration and improvements in treatment. One treatment modality that has emerged in recent years is stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), which is an advanced radiotherapy technique that allows the delivery of high-dose radiation to the tumor while minimizing doses to the organs at risk. SBRT has developed a role in the treatment of early-stage, oligometastatic and oligoprogressive RCC. In localized disease, phase II trials and meta-analyses have shown that SBRT provides a very high probability of long-term local control with a low risk of severe late toxicity. In oligometastatic (OMD) RCC, the same level of evidence has similarly shown good local control and minimal toxicity. SBRT could also delay the necessity to start or switch systemic treatments. Medical societies have started to incorporate SBRT in their guidelines in the treatment of localized disease and OMD. A possible future role of SBRT involves cytoreduction. It is theorized that SBRT can lower tumor burden and enhance immune-related response, but it cannot be recommended until the results of the phase II trials are published. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical and Translational Updates in Renal Cell Carcinoma)

Other

Jump to: Research, Review

14 pages, 1500 KiB  
Systematic Review
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) for the Treatment of Primary Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Agata Suleja, Mateusz Bilski, Ekaterina Laukhtina, Tamás Fazekas, Akihiro Matsukawa, Ichiro Tsuboi, Stefano Mancon, Robert Schulz, Timo F. W. Soeterik, Mikołaj Przydacz, Łukasz Nyk, Paweł Rajwa, Wojciech Majewski, Riccardo Campi, Shahrokh F. Shariat and Marcin Miszczyk
Cancers 2024, 16(19), 3276; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16193276 - 26 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1130
Abstract
Context: Surgery is the gold standard for the local treatment of primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but alternatives are emerging. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the results of prospective studies using definitive stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) to treat primary [...] Read more.
Context: Surgery is the gold standard for the local treatment of primary renal cell carcinoma (RCC), but alternatives are emerging. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the results of prospective studies using definitive stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) to treat primary localised RCC. Evidence acquisition: This review was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023447274). We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar for reports of prospective studies published since 2003, describing the outcomes of SBRT for localised RCC. Meta-analyses were performed for local control (LC), overall survival (OS), and rates of adverse events (AEs) using generalised linear mixed models (GLMMs). Outcomes were presented as rates with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Risk-of-bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool. Evidence synthesis: Of the 2983 records, 13 prospective studies (n = 308) were included in the meta-analysis. The median diameter of the irradiated tumours ranged between 1.9 and 5.5 cm in individual studies. Grade ≥ 3 AEs were reported in 15 patients, and their estimated rate was 0.03 (95%CI: 0.01–0.11; n = 291). One- and two-year LC rates were 0.98 (95%CI: 0.95–0.99; n = 293) and 0.97 (95%CI: 0.93–0.99; n = 253), while one- and two-year OS rates were 0.95 (95%CI: 0.88–0.98; n = 294) and 0.86 (95%CI: 0.77–0.91; n = 224). There was no statistically significant heterogeneity, and the estimations were consistent after excluding studies at a high risk of bias in a sensitivity analysis. Major limitations include a relatively short follow-up, inhomogeneous reporting of renal function deterioration, and a lack of prospective comparative evidence. Conclusions: The short-term results suggest that SBRT is a valuable treatment method for selected inoperable patients (or those who refuse surgery) with localised RCC associated with low rates of high-grade AEs and excellent LC. However, until the long-term data from randomised controlled trials are available, surgical management remains a standard of care in operable patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical and Translational Updates in Renal Cell Carcinoma)
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