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discrete_lecture_slides_week01

discrete_lecture_slides_week01

Uploaded by

itipt02
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Discrete Mathematics

1
Why Are You Studying this Course

 This course will develop your mathematical maturity


 Discrete mathematics provides the mathematical
foundations for many computer science courses
• Data Structures
• Algorithm Analysis and Design
• Database Management Systems and Database Theory
• Compiler Construction
• Computer Security
• Digital Logic Design
• Artificial Intelligence

2
Course Information
 Syllabus:
• Logic
• Sets
• Relations
• Functions.
• Combinatory: counting, permutations, combinations.
• Recursion
• Probibility
• Mathematical Induction
• Graph theory: Graphs and Trees

3
Course Information
 Textbook:
• Discrete Mathematics and its Applications by Kenneth. H.
Rosen, 7th Edition
• Discrete Mathematics with Application” by Susana. 4th
edition, 2010

4
 How will you master Discrete Structures

• “I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and


understand” - Chinese proverb

5
Terminology
Discrete - Composed of distinct OR separable/unconnected parts.
(Opposite of continuous.)

Structures - Objects built up from simpler objects according to


some definite pattern.

6
7
Introduction
 What is discrete mathematics?
• Part of mathematics devoted to the study of
discrete objects.
• Discrete means consisting of distinct or
unconnected elements.
• As computers are discrete object operating one
jumpy, discontinuous step at a time, Discrete
Math is the right framework for describing
precisely Computer Science concepts.

8
Introduction
 What is discrete mathematics?
• In computer science we usually deal with finite,
discrete objects.
• For example, we cannot store a real number
(infinite precision) in a computer but can only
store bits (finite precisions).
 Definition
• Discrete Mathematics is a collection of
mathematical topics that examine and use finite
or countably infinite mathematical objects.

9
Problems Solved Using DM

10
Logic – 7

11
Statement – 8a

12
Examples – 8b

13
Truth Values of Propositions –
8c

14
Examples – 9a

15
Statements & Truth Values –
9b
T
T
F
F

16
Example – 10b

17
Understanding Statements –
11c

18
Example – 11b

19
Compound Statement – 12a

20
Symbolic Representation –
13a

21
Logical Connectives – 14a

22
Examples – 14b

23
Translating from English to
Symbols – 15

24
Translating from English to
Symbols – 16a

25
Translating from English to
Symbols – 16

26
27
Translating from English to
Symbols – 17a

28
Translating from English to
Symbols – 17b

29
Negation – 19

30
Truth Table for ~p – 20

31
Conjunction – 21

32
Truth Table for p ^ q – 22

33
Disjunction – 23

34
Truth Table for p q – 15

35
Truth Table

36
 Advanced versions of many Internet search engines
allow you to use some form of and, or and not to
refine the search process.
 Imagine that you want to find web pages about
careers in mathematics or computer science but not
finance or marketing.
 With a search engine that uses quotation marks to
enclose exact phrases and expresses and as AND,
or as OR, and not as NOT, you would write
 Careers AND (mathematics OR "computer science")
 AND NOT (finance OR marketing).

37
Truth Table for ~p^q - 2

38
Truth Table for ~p^q – 2a

39
Truth Table for ~p^q – 2b

40
Truth Table for ~p^q – 2c

41
~p ^ (q v~ r) – (2 - 3a)

42
~p ^ (q v~ r) – 2 - 3b

43
~p ^ (q v~ r) – 2 - 3c

44
~p ^ (q v~ r) – 2 - 3d

45
v
Truth Table for ~p (p v~ q) – 2 - 3e

46
47
Truth Table for (pvq) ^~ (p^q) – 2 - 4a

48
Truth Table for (pvq) ^~ (p^q) – 2 - 4c

49
Truth Table for (pvq) ^~ (p^q) – 2 - 4e
v v

50
Truth Table for (pvq) ^~ (p^q) – 2 -4f

51
Exclusive OR – 2 - 5

52
Symbols for Exclusive OR – 2 - 5a

53
Logical Equivalence – 2 - 6

54
Double Negation ~(~p) ≡ p – 2 - 7

55
Examples – 2 - 12

56
Example – 2 - 17c

57
Example – 2 - 17d

58
Example – 2 - 17e

59
Exercise – 2 - 19

60
Tautology – 2 - 21

61
Example – 2 - 21a

62
Contradiction – 2 - 22

63
Example – 2 - 22a

64
Exercise – 2 - 23

65
Exercise – 2 - 24

66

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