CONTROL STRUCTURES
CONTROL STRUCTURE
Control structure is divided into three parts:
Selection statement
Iteration statement
Jumps in statement
SELECTION STATEMENT
Selection statement is also called as Decision making
statements because it provides the decision making
capabilities to the statements.
In selection statement, there are two types:
if statement
switch statement
These two statements allows you to control the flow of a
program with their conditions.
1. DECISION MAKING WITH IF
STATEMENTS
The “if statement” is also called as conditional
branch statement.
It is used to control program execution through two
Entry
paths.
Test false
If (test expression) Condition ?
true
It allows the computer to evaluate the expression
first and then depending on whether the value of the
expression is ‘true’ or ‘false’, it transfers the control
to particular statement.
IF STATEMENT
The if-statement may be implemented in different
forms depending on the complexity of condition
to be tested.
1. Simple if Statement
2. If…else Statement
3. Nested if...else Statement
4. else if ladder
SIMPLE IF STATEMENT
The general form of a simple if statement is…
• The ‘Statement-block’ may be
a single statement or a group of
statements.
if (test expression)
• If the test expression is true, {
the statement-block will be statement-
executed; block;
• Otherwise the statement-block }
will be skipped and the statement-x;
execution will jump to the
statement-x.
2. THE IF…ELSE STATEMENT
The if…else statement is an extension of the simple if
statement.
• The ‘Statement-block’ may If (condition)
be a single statement or a {
true - Statement block;
group of statements. }
• If the test expression is true, else
{
the true-statement-block will false - Statement block;
be executed; }
• otherwise the false- Statement-a;
statement-block will be
executed and the execution
will jump to the statement-a.
3. NESTING OF IF…ELSE STATEMENT
When the series of decisions are involved, we may have to
use more than one if…else statement in nested form.
If (condition1)
{
If (condition2)
{
Statement block1;
}
else
{
Statement block2;
}
}
else
{
Statement block3;
}
Statement 4;
IF-ELSE-IF LADDER
if(condition-1)
{//if condition-1 is true }
else if (condition-2)
{//if condition-2 is true }
else if (condition-3)
{//if condition-n is true }
.
.
else if (condition-n)
{//if condition-n is true }
else {
//if none of the conditions are true.}
Statements which will be executed always
THE SWITCH STATEMENT
The switch statement provides another way to decide
which statement to execute next
The switch statement evaluates an expression, then
attempts to match the result to one of several possible
cases
Each case contains one value (a constant) and a list of
statements
The flow of control transfers to statement associated with
the first case value that matches
THE SWITCH STATEMENT
The general syntax of a switch statement is:
switch switch ( expression )
and {
case case value1 :
are statement-list1
reserved case value2 :
statement-list2 If expression
words matches value2,
case value3 :
statement-list3 control jumps
case ... to here
}
THE SWITCH STATEMENT
Often a break statement is used as the last statement in
each case's statement list
A break statement causes control to transfer to the end of
the switch statement
If a break statement is not used, the flow of control will
continue into the next case
Sometimes this may be appropriate, but often we want to
execute only the statements associated with one case
THE SWITCH STATEMENT
An example of a switch statement:
switch (option)
{
case 'A':
aCount++;
break;
case 'B':
bCount++;
break;
case 'C':
cCount++;
break;
}
THE SWITCH STATEMENT
A switch statement can have an optional default case
The default case has no associated value and simply uses
the reserved word default
If the default case is present, control will transfer to it if no
other case value matches
If there is no default case, and no other value matches,
control falls through to the statement after the switch
