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Python Revision Notes

The document provides a comprehensive overview of Python programming concepts, including variables, control flow, loops, functions, strings, lists, dictionaries, file handling, and basic Pandas DataFrame operations. It includes syntax examples and important notes on usage, such as the importance of indentation and the immutability of strings. Additionally, it covers data filtering and summarization techniques in Pandas.

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Aditya Kumar
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2 views

Python Revision Notes

The document provides a comprehensive overview of Python programming concepts, including variables, control flow, loops, functions, strings, lists, dictionaries, file handling, and basic Pandas DataFrame operations. It includes syntax examples and important notes on usage, such as the importance of indentation and the immutability of strings. Additionally, it covers data filtering and summarization techniques in Pandas.

Uploaded by

Aditya Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Python Revision Notes

📌 Variables and Data Types


▶️Concept: Variables store data. Python is dynamically typed.

🧠 Syntax:
x = 10
name = "Aditya"
price = 99.5

📊 int, float, str, bool, None

Using undeclared variables or wrong case (`Name` ≠ `name`)

📌 Control Flow – If/Else


▶️Concept: Conditional execution based on logical checks.

🧠 Syntax:
if score > 90:
print("Excellent")
elif score > 60:
print("Good")
else:
print("Needs Improvement")

Indentation is crucial in Python. Use 4 spaces.

📌 Loops – for / while


▶️Concept: Repeating blocks of code

🧠 Syntax:
for i in range(5):
print(i)

while count < 5:


count += 1

Infinite loops if `while` condition never becomes false.


📌 Functions
▶️Concept: Reusable blocks of code.

🧠 Syntax:
def greet(name):
return f"Hello, {name}"

📊 Parameters in function definition; arguments in function call.

Functions must be defined before they’re called.

📌 Strings and String Methods


▶️Concept: Strings are immutable sequences.

🧠 Syntax:
s = "hello"
s.upper() # 'HELLO'
s.replace("e", "a") # 'hallo'
"world" in s # False

📊 String indexing: s[0], s[-1]

📌 Lists
▶️Concept: Ordered, mutable collection.

🧠 Syntax:
fruits = ["apple", "banana"]
fruits.append("mango")

📊 Other Methods: .remove(), .pop(), .insert(), .sort()

Confusing .append() (modifies list) vs + (returns new list)

📌 Dictionaries
▶️Concept: Key-value pairs.

🧠 Syntax:
student = {"name": "Aditya", "score": 90}
student["score"] = 95

Accessing a non-existent key gives KeyError


📌 File Handling
▶️Concept: Reading/Writing text files

🧠 Syntax:
with open("data.txt", "r") as f:
content = f.read()

with open("output.txt", "w") as f:


f.write("Hello!")

Always use `with` to auto-close files

📌 Pandas DataFrame Basics


▶️Concept: 2D labeled structure, like an Excel table

🧠 Syntax:
import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_csv("file.csv")

📊 df.head() to see the first few rows

📌 Accessing Columns and Rows


▶️Concept:

🧠 Syntax:
df["maths"] > 80

df.loc[0:3, ["maths", "science"]]

📊 Columns: df["column"], Rows: df.loc[3] or df.iloc[3]

📌 Filtering Rows
▶️Concept: Use conditions to filter data.

🧠 Syntax:
df[df["maths"] > 80]

Conditions must be inside []

📌 Describe & Summary Stats


▶️Concept: Quickly summarize data.
🧠 Syntax:
df.describe()
df["score"].mean()
df["score"].value_counts()

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