ere are some clear and concise notes on thebasicsof Python programming, along with
H
examplesto illustrate each concept.
🐍 Python Programming Basics
1. Printing Output
print()function is used to display output.
The
print("Hello, World!")
2. Variables and Data Types
Python is dynamically typed, meaning you don’t need to declare data types.
ame = "Alice"
n # String
age = 25 # Integer
height = 5.6 # Float
is_student = True # Boolean
3. Comments
Used to explain code. Python ignores comments.
# This is a single-line comment
" ""
This is a
multi-line comment
"""
4. Basic Input
input()is used to get user input.
ame = input("Enter your name: ")
n
print("Hello, " + name)
5. Type Conversion
Convert between data types using built-in functions.
ge = int(input("Enter your age: "))
a
print("You are", age, "years old.")
6. Operators
+ - * / % // **
Arithmetic:
== != > < >= <=
Comparison:
and or not
Logical:
= 10
x
y = 3
print(x + y) # 13
print(x ** y) # 1000 (10^3)
7. Control Flow
ifStatements:
ge = 18
a
if age >= 18:
print("You are an adult.")
else:
print("You are a minor.")
elif
:
core = 85
s
if score >= 90:
print("Grade A")
elif score >= 80:
print("Grade B")
else:
print("Grade C")
8. Loops
forLoop:
for i in range(5):
print(i) # 0 to 4
whileLoop:
i = 0
while i < 5:
print(i)
i += 1
9. Functions
defkeyword.
Defined using the
def greet(name):
print("Hello", name)
greet("Alice")
10. Lists
Ordered, mutable collections.
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
print(fruits[0]) # apple
fruits.append("date")
print(fruits)
11. Dictionaries
Key-value pairs.
person = {
"name": "Alice",
"age": 25
}
print(person["name"])
12. Tuples
Immutable sequences.
oint = (3, 4)
p
print(point[0]) # 3
13. Sets
Unordered collections with no duplicates.
olors = {"red", "green", "blue"}
c
colors.add("yellow")
14. Exception Handling
try:
x = int(input("Enter a number: "))
except ValueError:
print("That's not a valid number!")
Sure! Here's an additional note aboutappending toa list, to be added under theListssection:
📌 Appending to a List
append()method.
You can add items to the end of a list using the
🔹 Syntax:
list_name.append(item)
🔹 Example:
fruits = ["apple", "banana"]
fruits.append("cherry")
print(fruits)
Output:
['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']
append()call adds one item to theendof thelist. To add multiple items, use
Each extend()
+=instead.
or
🔹 Example with
extend()
:
fruits.extend(["date", "elderberry"])
print(fruits)
Output:
['apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'date', 'elderberry']
Here are detailed notes and aPython program exampleto help you understand how to:
✅
Calculate thevolumeandsurface areaof a fishpond
✅
Add or remove water based on user input
✅
Keep track of the current water level
🐟 Python Program: Fish Pond Water Management
💡 Step-by-Step Breakdown
1. Define the Pond Dimensions
Assume arectangularorcylindricalpond. Here, we’lluse a rectangular pond for simplicity.
length = 10 # in meters
width = 5 # in meters
depth = 2 # in meters
2. Calculate Volume and Area
volume = length * width * depth # in cubic meters
surface_area = length * width # top surface area in square meters
print("Pond volume:", volume, "m³")
print("Pond surface area:", surface_area, "m²")
3. Track Current Water Volume
current_water = 0 # starts empty
4. Functions to Add or Remove Water
def add_water(amount):
global current_water
if current_water + amount <= volume:
current_water += amount
print(f"{amount} m³ of water added.")
else:
print("Cannot add water: exceeds pond capacity.")
def remove_water(amount):
global current_water
if current_water - amount >= 0:
current_water -= amount
print(f"{amount} m³ of water removed.")
else:
print("Cannot remove water: not enough water.")
5. User Menu for Interaction
def menu():
while True:
print("\n--- Fish Pond Menu ---")
print("1. Add water")
print("2. Remove water")
print("3. Show current water level")
print("4. Exit")
choice = input("Choose an option (1-4): ")
if choice == '1':
amount = float(input("Enter amount of water to add (m³): "))
add_water(amount)
elif choice == '2':
amount = float(input("Enter amount of water to remove (m³): "))
remove_water(amount)
elif choice == '3':
print(f"Current water level: {current_water} m³")
elif choice == '4':
print("Exiting program.")
break
else:
print("Invalid option. Please choose again.")
6. Run the Program
if __name__ == "__main__":
print("Welcome to the Fish Pond Manager")
print(f"Pond capacity: {volume} m³")
menu()
📝 Notes:
● 1 cubic meter (m³) = 1000 liters of water.
volume =
● You can modify dimensions or extend to other shapes (like cylindrical using
π × r² × h
).
● G
lobal variables are used here for simplicity; you can encapsulate in a class for better
structure.