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IntroJavascript

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
18 views

IntroJavascript

Uploaded by

geromsaid889
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 40

1 Intro to Javascript

CS380
Client Side Scripting
2

CS380
Why use client-side programming?
3

ASP already allows us to create dynamic web pages.


Why also use client-side scripting?
 client-side scripting (JavaScript) benefits:

 usability:can modify a page without having to post


back to the server (faster UI)
 efficiency: can make small, quick changes to page
without waiting for server
 event-driven: can respond to user actions like clicks and
key presses

CS380
Why use client-side programming?
4

 server-side programming (ASP) benefits:


 security:has access to server's private data; client can't
see source code
 compatibility: not subject to browser compatibility
issues
 power: can write files, open connections to servers,
connect to databases, ...

CS380
What is Javascript?
5

 a lightweight programming language ("scripting


language")
 used to make web pages interactive
 insert dynamic text into HTML (ex: user name)

 react to events (ex: page load user click)

 get information about a user's computer (ex: browser


type)
 perform calculations on user's computer (ex: form
validation)

CS380
What is Javascript?
6

 a web standard (but not supported identically by


all browsers)
 NOT related to Java other than by name and some
syntactic similarities

CS380
Javascript vs Java
7

 interpreted, not compiled


 more relaxed syntax and rules
 fewer and "looser" data types
 variables don't need to be declared

 errors often silent (few exceptions)

 key construct is the function rather than the class


 "first-class" functions are used in many situations
 contained within a web page and integrates with its
HTML/CSS content
CS380
Javascript vs Java
8

+ =

CS380
JavaScript vs. ASP
9

 similarities:
 both are relaxed about syntax, rules, and types
 both are case-sensitive

 both have built-in regular expressions for powerful


text processing

CS380
JavaScript vs. ASP
10

 differences:
 Javascript interpreter, but ASP is complier
 JS focuses on user interfaces and interacting with a
document; ASP is geared toward HTML output and
file/form processing
 JS code runs on the client's browser; ASP code runs
on the web server

CS380
Linking to a JavaScript file:
11
script
<script src=“xxx.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
HTML

 script tag should be placed in HTML page's head


 script code is stored in a separate .js file
 JS code can be placed directly in the HTML file's
body or head (like CSS)
 but this is bad style (should separate content,
presentation, and behavior

CS380
Event-driven programming
12

 split breaks apart a string into an array using a


delimiter
 can also be used with regular expressions (seen later)
 join merges an array into a single string, placing a
delimiter between them

CS380
A JavaScript statement: alert
13

alert("IE6 detected. Suck-mode enabled.");


JS

 a JS command that pops up a dialog box with a


message
CS380
Event-driven programming
14

 you are used to programs start with a main method


(or implicit main like in ASP)
 JavaScript programs instead wait for user actions
called events and respond to them
 event-driven programming: writing programs driven
by user events
 Let's write a page with a clickable button that pops
up a "Hello, World" window...

CS380
Buttons
15

<button>Click me!</button> HTML

 button's text appears inside tag; can also contain


images
 To make a responsive button or other UI control:
1. choose the control (e.g. button) and event (e.g. mouse
1. click) of interest
2. write a JavaScript function to run when the event
occurs
3. attach the function to the event on the control

CS380
JavaScript functions
16

function name() {
statement ;
statement ;
...
statement ;
} JS
function myFunction() {
alert("Hello!");
alert("How are you?");
} JS

 the above could be the contents of example.js


linked to our HTML page
 statements placed into functions can be evaluated in
response to user events
CS380
Event handlers
17

<element attributes onclick="function();">...


HTML

<button onclick="myFunction();">Click me!</button>


HTML

 JavaScript functions can be set as event handlers


 when you interact with the element, the function will execute
 onclick is just one of many event HTML attributes we'll
use
 but popping up an alert window is disruptive and
annoying
 A better user experience would be to have the message
CS380 appear on the page...
Document Object Model (DOM)
18

 most JS code manipulates


elements on an HTML page
 we can examine elements'
state
 e.g. see whether a box is
checked
 we can change state
 e.g. insert some new text into
a div
 we can change styles
 e.g. make a paragraph red
DOM element objects
19
Accessing elements:
document.getElementById
20

var name = document.getElementById("id");


JS

<button onclick="changeText();">Click me!</button>


<span id="output">replace me</span>
<input id="textbox" type="text" /> HTML

function changeText() {
var span = document.getElementById("output");
var textBox = document.getElementById("textbox");

textbox.style.color = "red";

} JS

CS380
Accessing elements:
document.getElementById
21

 document.getElementById returns the object for an


element with a given id
 can change the text inside most elements by setting
the innerHTML property
 can change the text in form controls by setting the
value property

CS380
Changing element style:
element.style
22

Attribute Property or style object


color color
padding padding
background-color backgroundColor
border-top-width borderTopWidth
Font size fontSize
Font famiy fontFamily
CS380
Preetify
23

function changeText() {
//grab or initialize text here

// font styles added by JS:


text.style.fontSize = "13pt";
text.style.fontFamily = "Comic Sans MS";
text.style.color = "red"; // or pink?
} JS

CS380
24 More Javascript Syntax

CS380
Variables
25

var name = expression; JS

var clientName = "Connie Client";


var age = 32;
var weight = 127.4; JS

 variables are declared with the var keyword (case


sensitive)
 types are not specified, but JS does have types
("loosely typed")
 Number, Boolean, String, Array, Object,
Function, Null, Undefined
 can find out a variable's type by calling typeof
CS380
Number type
26

var enrollment = 99;


var medianGrade = 2.8;
var credits = 5 + 4 + (2 * 3);
JS

 integers and real numbers are the same type (no int
vs. double)
 same operators: + - * / % ++ -- = += -= *= /=
%=
 similar precedence to Java
 many operators auto-convert types: "2" * 3 is 6
CS380
Comments (same as Java)
27

// single-line comment
/* multi-line comment */
JS

 identical to Java's comment syntax


 recall: 4 comment syntaxes
 HTML: <!-- comment -->
 CSS/JS/ASP: /* comment */

 Java/JS/ASP: // comment

CS380
Math object
28

var rand1to10 = Math.floor(Math.random() * 10 + 1);


var three = Math.floor(Math.PI);
JS

 methods: abs, ceil, cos, floor, log,


max, min, pow, random, round, sin,
sqrt, tan
 properties: E, PI

CS380
Special values: null and undefined
29

var ned = null;


var benson = 9;
// at this point in the code,
// ned is null
// benson's 9
// caroline is undefined
JS

 undefined : has not been declared, does not


exist
 null : exists, but was specifically assigned an
empty or null value
 Why does JavaScript have both of these?
CS380
Logical operators
30

 > < >= <= && || ! == != === !==


 most logical operators automatically convert types:
5 < "7" is true
 42 == 42.0 is true

 "5.0" == 5 is true

 === and !== are strict equality tests; checks both


type and value
 "5.0" === 5 is false

CS380
if/else statement (same as Java)
31

if (condition) {
statements;
} else if (condition) {
statements;
} else {
statements;
}
JS
 identical structure to Java's if/else statement
 JavaScript allows almost anything as a condition

CS380
Boolean type
32

var iLike190M = true;


var ieIsGood = "IE8" > 0; // false
if ("web devevelopment is great") { /* true */ }
if (0) { /* false */ }
JS

 any value can be used as a Boolean


 "falsey" values: 0, 0.0, NaN, "", null, and undefined
 "truthy" values: anything else

 converting a value into a Boolean explicitly:


 var boolValue = Boolean(otherValue);
 var boolValue = !!(otherValue);

CS380
for loop (same as Java)
33

var sum = 0;
for (var i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
sum = sum + i;
} JS

var s1 = "hello";
var s2 = "";
for (var i = 0; i < s1.length; i++) {
s2 += s1.charAt(i) + s1.charAt(i);
}
// s2 stores "hheelllloo" JS

CS380
while loops (same as Java)
34

while (condition) {
statements;
} JS

do {
statements;
} while (condition);
JS

 break and continue keywords also behave as in


Java

CS380
Popup boxes
35

alert("message"); // message
confirm("message"); // returns true or false
prompt("message"); // returns user input string
JS

CS380
Arrays
36

var name = []; // empty array


var name = [value, value, ..., value]; // pre-filled
name[index] = value; // store element
JS

var ducks = ["Huey", "Dewey", "];


var stooges = []; // stooges.length "Louieis 0
stooges[0] = "Larry"; // stooges.length is 1
stooges[1] = "Moe"; // stooges.length is 2
stooges[4] = "Curly"; // stooges.length is 5
stooges[4] = "Shemp"; // stooges.length is 5
JS

CS380
Array methods
37

var a = ["Stef", "Jason"]; // Stef, Jason


a.push("Brian"); // Stef, Jason, Brian
a.unshift("Kelly"); // Kelly, Stef, Jason, Brian
a.pop(); // Kelly, Stef, Jason
a.sort(); // Jason, Stef
JS

 array serves as many data structures: list, queue,


stack, ...
 methods: concat, join, pop, push, reverse, shift,
slice, sort, splice, toString, unshift
 push and pop add / remove from back
 unshift and shift add / remove from front
String type
38

var s = "Connie Client";


var fName = s.substring(0, s.indexOf(" ")); // "Connie"
var len = s.length; // 13
var s2 = 'Melvin Merchant';
JS
 methods: charAt, charCodeAt, fromCharCode,
indexOf, lastIndexOf, replace, split,
substring, toLowerCase, toUpperCase
 charAt returns a one-letter String (there is no char type)
 length property (not a method as in Java)
 Strings can be specified with "" or ''
 concatenation with + :
1 + 1 is 2, but "1" + 1 is "11"
More about String
39

 escape sequences behave as in Java: \' \" \& \n \t


\\
 converting between numbers and Strings:
var count = 10;
var s1 = "" + count; // "10"
var s2 = count + " bananas, ah ah ah!"; // "10 bananas, ah
ah ah!"
var n1 = parseInt("42 is the answer"); // 42
var n2 = parseFloat("booyah"); // NaN JS

 accessing the letters of a String:


var firstLetter = s[0]; // fails in IE
var firstLetter = s.charAt(0); // does work in IE
var lastLetter = s.charAt(s.length - 1); JS
CS380
Splitting strings: split and join
40

var s = "the quick brown fox";


var a = s.split(" "); // ["the", "quick", "brown", "fox"]
a.reverse(); // ["fox", "brown", "quick", "the"]
s = a.join("!"); // "fox!brown!quick!the"
JS

 split breaks apart a string into an array using a


delimiter
 can also be used with regular expressions (seen later)
 join merges an array into a single string, placing a
delimiter between them

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