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Iw 7

1. JavaScript is a scripting language used to make web pages interactive. It can modify HTML pages without reloading, respond to user events like clicks, and access information about the user's computer. 2. JavaScript code can be inserted directly into HTML files or linked externally via a .js file. It allows for things like form validation, dynamic content insertion, and event handling. 3. JavaScript has basic data types like numbers, strings, Booleans, objects, and arrays. It uses variables, conditional statements, and loops similar to Java. Common methods provide functionality like popups, form input handling, and string/array manipulation.

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19K views49 pages

Iw 7

1. JavaScript is a scripting language used to make web pages interactive. It can modify HTML pages without reloading, respond to user events like clicks, and access information about the user's computer. 2. JavaScript code can be inserted directly into HTML files or linked externally via a .js file. It allows for things like form validation, dynamic content insertion, and event handling. 3. JavaScript has basic data types like numbers, strings, Booleans, objects, and arrays. It uses variables, conditional statements, and loops similar to Java. Common methods provide functionality like popups, form input handling, and string/array manipulation.

Uploaded by

Alka
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 49

1 Intro to Javascript

Recap
 Programming Languages - set of instructions/code
which tells a computer what it needs to do
 To make software or drivers
 Scripting Languages -to perform some certain task.
 used to create a website.
 Markup Languages - prepare the structure/design
of a page
 used to design a website

2
Client Side Scripting
3

CS380
Why use client-side programming?
4

 client-side scripting (JavaScript) benefits:


 usability:can modify a page without having to post
back to the server (faster UI)
 efficiency: can make small, quick changes to page
without waiting for server
 event-driven: can respond to user actions like clicks and
key presses

CS380
What is Javascript?
6

 a lightweight programming language ("scripting


language")
 used to make web pages interactive
 insert dynamic text into HTML (ex: user name)

 react to events (ex: page load user click)

 get information about a user's computer (ex: browser


type)
 perform calculations on user's computer (ex: form
validation)

CS380
A Simple Script
<html>
<head><title>First JavaScript Page</title></head>
<body>
<h1>First JavaScript Page</h1>
<script type="text/javascript">
document.write("<hr>");
document.write("Hello World Wide Web");
document.write("<hr>");
</script>
</body>
</html>
Linking to a JavaScript file:
12
script
<script src="filename" type="text/javascript"></script>
HTML

 script tag should be placed in HTML page's head


 script code is stored in a separate .js file
 JS code can be placed directly in the HTML file's
body or head (like CSS)
Data Types
 Primitive data types
 Number: integer & floating-point numbers
 Boolean: true or false
 String: a sequence of alphanumeric characters
 Composite data types (or Complex data types or reference data
types )
 Object: a named collection of data
 Array: a sequence of values (an array is actually a predefined object)
 Special data types
 Null: the only value is "null" – to represent nothing.
 Undefined: the only value is "undefined" – to represent the value of an
unintialized variable
Variables
14

var name = expression; JS

var clientName = "Connie Client";


var age = 32;
var weight = 127.4; JS

 variables are declared with the var keyword (case


sensitive)
 types are not specified, but JS does have types
("loosely typed")
 can find out a variable's type by calling typeof
typeof operator
15

<head>
<script language=“JavaScript”>
var x = “hello”, y;
alert(“Variable x value is “ + typeof(x));
alert(“Variable y value is “ + typeof(y));
alert(“Variable x value is “ + typeof(z));
</script>
</head>
 An unary operator that tells the type of its
operand.
 Returnsa string which can be "number", "string",
"boolean", "object", "function", "undefined", and
"null"
Number type
16

var enrollment = 99;


var medianGrade = 2.8;
var credits = 5 + 4 + (2 * 3);
JS

 integers and real numbers are the same type (no int
vs. double)
 same operators: + - * / % ++ -- = += -= *= /=
%=
 similar precedence to Java
 many operators auto-convert types: "2" * 3 is 6
CS380
Comments (same as Java)
17

// single-line comment
/* multi-line comment */
JS

 identical to Java's comment syntax


 recall: 4 comment syntaxes
 HTML: <!-- comment -->
 CSS/JS/PHP: /* comment */

 Java/JS/PHP: // comment
 PHP: # comment

CS380
Special values: null and undefined
18

var ned = null;


var benson = 9;
// at this point in the code,
// ned is null
// benson's 9
// caroline is undefined
JS

 undefined : has not been declared, does not


exist
 null : exists, but was specifically assigned an
empty or null value

CS380
Null & Undefined example
19 <html>
<head>
<title> Null and Undefined example </title>
<script language=“JavaScript”>
var test1, test2 = null;
alert(“No value assigned to the variable” + test1);
alert(“A null value was assigned” + test2);
</script>
</head>
<body> … </body>
</html>
Logical operators
20

 > < >= <= && || ! == != === !==


 most logical operators automatically convert types:
5 < "7" is true
 42 == 42.0 is true

 "5.0" == 5 is true

 === and !== are strict equality tests; checks both


type and value
 "5.0" === 5 is false

CS380
Type Conversion
 Converting a value to a number
var numberVar = someVariable – 0;

 Converting a value to a string


var stringVar = someVariable + "";

 Converting a value to a boolean


var boolVar = !!someVariable;
== vs ===
// Type conversion is performed before comparison
var v1 = ("5" == 5); // true

// No implicit type conversion.


// True if only if both types and values are equal
var v2 = ("5" === 5); // false

var v3 = (5 === 5.0); // true

var v4 = (true == 1); // true (true is converted to 1)

var v5 = (true == 2); // false (true is converted to 1)

var v6 = (true == "1") // true


Boolean type
23

var iLike190M = true;


var ieIsGood = "IE6" > 0; // false
if ("web devevelopment is great") { /* true */ }
if (0) { /* false */ }
JS

 any value can be used as a Boolean


 "false" values: 0, 0.0, NaN, "", null, and undefined
 "truth" values: anything else

 converting a value into a Boolean explicitly:


 var boolValue = Boolean(otherValue);
 var boolValue = !!(otherValue);
Boolean value example
24

<head>
<script language=“JavaScript”>
var result;
result = (true*10 + false*7);
alert(“true*10 + false*7 = “, result);
</script>
</head>

 The expression is converted to


 (1*10 + 0*7) = 10
 They are automatically converted.
if/else statement (same as Java)
25

if (condition) {
statements;
} else if (condition) {
statements;
} else {
statements;
}
JS
 identical structure to Java's if/else statement
 JavaScript allows almost anything as a condition
for loop (same as Java)
26

var sum = 0;
for (var i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
sum = sum + i;
} JS

var s1 = "hello";
var s2 = "";
for (var i = 0; i < s.length; i++) {
s2 += s1.charAt(i) + s1.charAt(i);
}
// s2 stores "hheelllloo" JS
while loops (same as Java)
27

while (condition) {
statements;
} JS

do {
statements;
} while (condition);
JS

 break and continue keywords also behave as in


Java
Popup boxes
28

alert("message"); // message
confirm("message"); // returns true or false
prompt("message"); // returns user input string
JS
alert(), confirm(), and prompt()
<script type="text/javascript">
alert("This is an Alert method");
confirm("Are you OK?");
prompt("What is your name?");
prompt("How old are you?","20");
</script>
Arrays
30

var name = []; // empty array


var name = [value, value, ..., value]; // pre-filled
name[index] = value; // store element
JS

var ducks = ["Huey", "Dewey", "Louie"];


var stooges = []; // stooges.length is 0
stooges[0] = "Larry"; // stooges.length is 1
stooges[1] = "Moe"; // stooges.length is 2
stooges[4] = "Curly"; // stooges.length is 5
stooges[4] = "Shemp"; // stooges.length is 5
JS
Array methods
31

var a = ["Stef", "Jason"]; // Stef, Jason


a.push("Brian"); // Stef, Jason, Brian
a.unshift("Kelly"); // Kelly, Stef, Jason, Brian
a.pop(); // Kelly, Stef, Jason
a.shift(); // Stef, Jason
a.sort(); // Jason, Stef
JS
 array serves as many data structures: list, queue,
stack, ...
 methods: concat, join, pop, push, reverse, shift,
slice, sort, splice, toString, unshift
 push and pop add / remove from back
 unshift and shift add / remove from front

 shift and pop return the element that is removed


String type
32

var s = "Connie Client";


var fName = s.substring(0, s.indexOf(" ")); // "Connie"
var len = s.length; // 13
var s2 = 'Melvin Merchant';
JS
 methods: charAt, charCodeAt, fromCharCode,
indexOf, lastIndexOf, replace, split,
substring, toLowerCase, toUpperCase
 charAt returns a one-letter String (there is no char type)
 length property (not a method as in Java)
 Strings can be specified with "" or ''
 concatenation with + :
1 + 1 is 2, but "1" + 1 is "11"
More about String
33

 escape sequences behave as in Java: \' \" \& \n \t


\\
 converting between numbers and Strings:
var count = 10;
var s1 = "" + count; // "10"
var s2 = count + " bananas, ah ah ah!"; // "10 bananas, ah
ah ah!"
var n1 = parseInt("42 is the answer"); // 42
var n2 = parseFloat("booyah"); // NaN JS

 accessing the letters of a String:


var firstLetter = s[0]; // fails in IE
var firstLetter = s.charAt(0); // does work in IE
var lastLetter = s.charAt(s.length - 1); JS
Splitting strings: split and join
34

var s = "the quick brown fox";


var a = s.split(" "); // ["the", "quick", "brown", "fox"]
a.reverse(); // ["fox", "brown", "quick", "the"]
s = a.join("!"); // "fox!brown!quick!the"
JS

 split breaks apart a string into an array using a


delimiter
 can also be used with regular expressions (seen later)
 join merges an array into a single string, placing a
delimiter between them
Math object
35

var rand1to10 = Math.floor(Math.random() * 10 + 1);


var three = Math.floor(Math.PI);
JS

 methods: abs, ceil, cos, floor, log,


max, min, pow, random, round, sin,
sqrt, tan
 properties: E, PI
Event-driven programming
36

 split breaks apart a string into an array using a


delimiter
 can also be used with regular expressions (seen later)
 join merges an array into a single string, placing a
delimiter between them
Event-driven programming
37

 you are used to programs start with a main method


(or implicit main like in PHP)
 JavaScript programs instead wait for user actions
called events and respond to them
 event-driven programming: writing programs driven
by user events
 Let's write a page with a clickable button that pops
up a "Hello, World" window...
Buttons
38

<button>Click me!</button> HTML

 button's text appears inside tag; can also contain


images
 To make a responsive button or other UI control:
1. choose the control (e.g. button) and event (e.g. mouse
1. click) of interest
2. write a JavaScript function to run when the event
occurs
3. attach the function to the event on the control
JavaScript functions
39

function name() {
statement ;
statement ;
...
statement ;
} JS
function myFunction() {
alert("Hello!");
alert("How are you?");
} JS

 the above could be the contents of example.js


linked to our HTML page
 statements placed into functions can be evaluated in
response to user events
Event handlers
40

<element attributes onclick="function();">...


HTML

<button onclick="myFunction();">Click me!</button>


HTML

 JavaScript functions can be set as event handlers


 when you interact with the element, the function will execute
 onclick is just one of many event HTML attributes we'll
use
 but popping up an alert window is disruptive and
annoying
 A better user experience would be to have the message
appear on the page...
Document Object Model (DOM)
41

 most JS code manipulates


elements on an HTML page
 we can examine elements'
state
 e.g. see whether a box is
checked
 we can change state
 e.g. insert some new text into
a div
 we can change styles
 e.g. make a paragraph red
DOM element objects
42
Accessing elements:
document.getElementById
43

 document.getElementById returns the DOM object


for an element with a given id
 can change the text inside most elements by setting
the innerHTML property
 can change the text in form controls by setting the
value property
Accessing elements:
document.getElementById
44

var name = document.getElementById("id");


JS

<button onclick="changeText();">Click me!</button>


<span id="output">replace me</span>
<input id="textbox" type="text" /> HTML

function changeText() {
var span = document.getElementById("output");
var textBox = document.getElementById("textbox");

textbox.style.color = "red";

} JS
Changing element style:
element.style
45

Attribute Property or style object


color color
padding padding
background-color backgroundColor
border-top-width borderTopWidth
Font size fontSize
Font famiy fontFamily
Preetify
46

function changeText() {
//grab or initialize text here

// font styles added by JS:


text.style.fontSize = "13pt";
text.style.fontFamily = "Comic Sans MS";
text.style.color = "red"; // or pink?
} JS
document.getElementById

 Used to change anything in your document (web


page) that has an id
 Then, change different aspects of the element with
that id:
<img src = “zombie.jpg” height = “500” width = “300”
alt = “eat your brain” id = “img1”>
 Use document.getElementById to change the:
 src
 height
 width
 alt
getElementById()
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset= "utf-8" />
</head>
<body style = "background-color:#000000; color: red;">
<h1> Hello</h1>
<p> <img src = "ball.jpg" width = "100" height = "100"
alt = "a ball picture" id = "ball1"></p>
<script>
var x = prompt("What size should the ball's width be?")
document.getElementById("ball1").width = x
</script>
</body>
</html>
getElementById to change CSS style:

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head> <meta charset= "utf-8" /></head>


<body>
<p id = "firstp"> This is a paragraph</p>
<p id = "secondp">This is a second paragraph</p>

<script>
document.getElementById("firstp").style.color = "#9999FF";
document.getElementById("firstp").style.fontSize = "120%";
document.getElementById("firstp").style.backgroundColor="#332277";
document.getElementById("firstp").style.textAlign = "right";
document.getElementById("firstp").style.padding = "30px";
document.getElementById("firstp").style.borderWidth = "8px";
document.getElementById("firstp").style.borderColor = "green";
document.getElementById("firstp").style.borderStyle = "inset";
</script>
</body></html>
innerHTML

The innerHTML is what is between the opening and the closing tag,
regardless of what the tag is:
<p id = “firstp”> This is the innerHTML text because it goes between the
opening and closing tag
</p>
Above, the innerHTML is: “This is the innerHTML text because it goes between
the opening and closing tag”
To change it:
document.getElementById(“firstp”).innerHTML = “new text for paragraph”
<h1 id = “firsth”>Title goes here </h1>
Above: innerHTML is: Title goes here
To change:
document.getElementById(“firsth”).innerHTML = “New Title”
innerHTML (cont.)
<p id = “linked”> <a href = “udel.edu” id = “firstlink”> link to udel </a>
</p>
What is the innerHTML of linked?
What is the innerHTML of firstlink?
How would you change the innerHTML of linked to a new link?
<ol id = “list1”>
<li id = “firstItem”> cats </li>
<li id=“seconditem”> dogs </li>
</ol>

What is the innerHTML of list1?


What is the innerHTML of firstitem?
How would you change the innerHTML of list1 to a new list?
What about this one?
<script>
var PicArr = new Array()
PicArr[0] = "cute1.jpg"
PicArr[1] = "cute2.jpg"
PicArr[2] = "cute3.jpg"
PicArr[3] = "cute4.jpg"
PicArr[4] = "cute5.jpg"

var NameArr = new Array()


NameArr[0] = "lion cubs"
NameArr[1] = "hedgehogs"
NameArr[2] = "otter pup"
NameArr[3] = "kitten"
NameArr[4] = "panda babies“

var num = Math.floor(Math.random() * 5)

document.write("<p><img src = \" "+PicArr[num]+"\"></p>")


/*aside – where do the quotes start and stop here and why? */
document.write("<p>" + NameArr[num] + "</p>")
</script>
How about this?

<script>
var myArray = new Array()
myArray[0] = "hey"
myArray[1] = "hi"
myArray[2] = "wassup"
myArray[3] = "greetings"
myArray[4] = "howdie“
var num = Math.floor(Math.random() * 5)
document.write("<p> " + myArray[num] + "</p>")
</script>
What does this do?

<script> var ans = prompt(“pick a number between 0 and 4”)


var EngArr = new Array() var frenchans = prompt("What is the French translation of " +
EngArr[0] = "dog" EngArr[ans] + "?")
EngArr[1] = "cat"
EngArr[2] = "hello" if (frenchans.toLowerCase() == FrenchArr[ans])
EngArr[3] = "Thank you" { document.write("<p> You're right! </p>")
EngArr[4] = "bunny" }
var FrenchArr = new Array() else
FrenchArr[0] = "chien" {
FrenchArr[1] = "chat" document.write("<p> Sorry. You're no good at this. </p>")
FrenchArr[2] = "bonjour" }
FrenchArr[3] = "merci" </script>
FrenchArr[4] = "lapin“

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