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ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION,
BIODIVERSITY, AND
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Issues and Remediation
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION,
BIODIVERSITY, AND
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Issues and Remediation
Edited by
Hasnain Nangyal
Muhammad Saleem Khan
Apple Academic Press Inc. Apple Academic Press Inc.
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All rights reserved. N1nformation obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission and
sources are indicated. Copyright for individual articles remains with the authors as indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reason
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And
Hasnain Nangyal
Hasnain Nangyal is a research fellow in the
Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences,
Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakh
tunkhwa, Pakistan. He has published several
review articles, research papers, and books
in reputed scientific journals from publishers
such as Bentham Scientific Publishers, Neth
erlands, and others. He is an active member
of many national and international research
organizations, including the Pakistan Medical
Microbiology Association; Pakistan Medic
inal Plants Association; North Carolina Herb Association (NCHA),
USA; Pakistan Society of Psycophysiology; and Arab Society for Fungal
Conservation. He is also an editorial board member of scientific magazine
Microbiology World, a bimonthly magazine (ISSN 2350-8744) published
from Nepal; Advances in Biomedicine and Pharmacy (an international
journal of molecular medicine and pharmacy) published from UK; Inter
national Journal of Endorsing Health Science Research (impact factor
3.6), indexed by Eastern Mediterranean Index Medicus, WHO; Journal
of Biosciences and Agricultural Research (ISSN 2312-7945), published
from Bioscience Information Network, Bangladesh, World Journal of
Clinical Pharmacology, Microbiology and Toxicology, published from
Mexico; and Paradise of Science, a bimonthly multidisciplinary maga
zine published from Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt. He is also an invited
reviewer of FUUAST Journal of Biology, a Joint Secretary of the Paki
stan Herbs Society, a sister organization of NCHA (North Carolina Herbs
Association) North Carolina, USA; a member of the working group “By
Science It Will be a Paradise” (Scientific Group) Cairo, Egypt; and life
time member of Biocognizance.
He is a member of the publishing team of the book series Biodiver
sity Distribution & Conservation, published from India, and has published
three chapters in an international book entitled Biodiversity Distribution
viii About the Editors
Contributors............................................................................................. xi
Preface .....................................................................................................xv
Introduction.............................................................................................xxi
Foreword................................................................................................ xxv
Index................................................................................................................. 287
Contributors
Heba S. Abbas
Microbiology Department, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR),
Giza, Egypt
A. M. Abdel-Azeem
Department of Sciences, University of Suez Canal, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
Ali Akbar
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta 87300,
Balochistan, Pakistan
Imran Ali
Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
N. Akhtar
Department of Botany, G. C. Women University, Madina Town, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
Muhammad Anwar
Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
H. S. El-Tahawe
Plant Protection Research Institute, Dokki (Sharkia branch), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
R. M. Fikry
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
Nasyrova Firuza
Institute of Botany, Plant Physiology and Genetics, Tajikistan Academy of Sciences, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
Soma Ghosh
School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
H. Ikram
Department of Biochemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
N. A. Ismail
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
F. A. Khan
Dr. A. Q. Khan Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (KIBGE), University of Karachi,
Karachi, Pakistan
M. S. Khan
Department of Zoology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
S. Kulshreshtha
Department of Zoology, Government Shakambhar P. G. College, Sambhar Lake,
Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
N. Malik
Department of Botany and Microbiology, S.G.R.R. (P.G.) College,
Constituent of S.G.R.R Education Mission, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India
Meenakshi Mukherjee
School of Environmental Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
K. Melikov
Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
A. Naimov
Institute of Botany, Plant Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, Republic of Tajikistan,
Tajikistan
H. Nangyal
Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa,
Pakistan
A. Nawaz
Department of Zoology, University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus, Sargodha, Pakistan
J. Parchizadeh
Tehran, Tehran Province, Iran
K. Partoev
Institute of Botany, Plant Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences, Republic of Tajikistan,
Tajikistan
R. Qureshi
Department of Botany, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
S. A. Raslan
Plant Protection Research Institute, Dokki, (Sharkia Branch), Agricultural Research Center, Giza, Egypt
G. V. Reddy
Department of Forests, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
F. M. Salem
Department of Science, University of Suez Canal, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
Pinaki Sar
Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
S. Saxena
Department of Botany and Microbiology, S.G.R.R. (P.G.) College,
Constituent of S.G.R.R Education Mission, Dehradun 248001, Uttarakhand, India
M. M. Shahnaz
Government Postgraduate College of Science, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Uzma Sitara
Food Quality Storage Research Institute, Southern-Zone Agricultural Research Centre, Pakistan
Agricultural Research Council, Karachi, Pakistan
T. Zohra
Department of Botany, PMAS - Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Abbreviations
AD Alzheimer’s disease
ALS amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
AMDs acid mine drainages
ANOVA analysis of variance
ARMs As-resistant microorganisms
BBB blood–brain barrier
BMCs biodiversity management committees
CAOs chemoautotrophic As(III) oxidizers
CBD convention on biological diversity
CRD completely randomized design
DARPs dissimilatory As(V)-reducing prokaryotes
FeRBs Fe reducing bacteria
HAOs heterotrophic As(III) oxidizers
OS oxidative stress
PAOs phototrophic As(III) oxidizers
PBRs people’s biodiversity registers
PCB phycocyanobilin
PCR polymerase chain reaction
RAPD randomly amplified polymorphic DNA
RFLP restriction fragment length polymorphism
ROS reactive oxygen species
SRBs sulfate-reducing bacteria
TCE trichloroethylene
TG triglyceride
UPGMA unweighted paired group arithmetic mean analysis
Preface
the other hand, we are only just providing instigation, and many important
contests lie ahead. In this association, it will be valuable for the reader to be
introduced to the central message of each chapter in this book.
Chapter 1 gives a general overview of ecologically different areas
of Punjab that are metal- and salt-polluted and are under study and the
different ecotypes of Typha domingensis Pers. that have been collected
from such areas. The ecotypes from these metal-polluted and saline areas
were exposed to metal (nickel) stress to assess their degree of tolerance and
adaptive response under measured environmental conditions. Four levels
of nickel were maintained (0, 50, 100, and 150 mg kg−1) in the growth
medium. Different data were recorded for morpho-anatomical, physi
ological, and biochemical characteristics. The treatments were placed in a
completely randomized design (CRD) with six replications.
Chapter 2 discusses the genetic resources of Tajikistan as an inex
haustible source in biodiversity. We all know that the human population
is increasing day by day. According to research there is a need to increase
food potential by 2% annually. To protect the world from the shortage of
food, it is necessary to protect world genetic resources. For this we have
to protect wild species. Wild species are genetically stable. We should put
emphasis on local varieties.
Chapter 3 provides detailed information on the existing flora, threats,
and conservation issues of the Nara Desert, Pakistan. It highlights the
importance of the desert ecosystem that supports human and livestock
populations for fulfilling their basic needs, such as fuel, food, fodder, shel
tering, ethnomedicine, etc. Furthermore, certain anthropogenic activities
leading to the desertification are discussed along with some possible reme
dial measures.
Chapter 4 investigates different trials of chemicals on larvae of spiny
bollworm, corresponding to the acute toxicity of different chemicals
that showed high significant decrease in larval weight; the sex ratio of
emerged adult spiny bollworm was insignificantly affected. All treatments
decreased the number of deposited eggs, which proved significant with
A, B, and C chemicals. Incubation periods were unaffected. Significantly
B, A, and C compounds caused reduction in the hatchability of deposited
eggs by spiny bollworm females that survived from treated newly hatched
larvae.
Chapter 5 determines the most appropriate diversity indices in a
study area that is one of the necessary things to preserve animal species.
Preface xvii
species as well. The authors stress the urgent need to launch a worldwide
awareness campaign about sustainable utilization of this novel plant for
the purpose of biodiversity conservation.
Chapter 9 highlights several different factors that contribute to the
predisposition and precipitation of neurodegenerative disorders. This may
also involve interaction between genetic predisposition and environmental
factors. As a result of industrialization and bad waste management strate
gies, people are becoming more exposed to the toxic effects of environ
mental pollutants. Globally, neurodegenerative disorders are becoming a
major threat to mental health with more cases reported each year. Envi
ronmental pollutants (serving as environmental cues) affect mental and
physical wellness in the elderly as epigenetics suggests that environmental
factors affect genetic imprinting. Pre/postnatal exposure to these environ
mental cues predisposes the individual to neurodegenerative disorders due
to defective growth and development of brain.
Chapter 10 highlights saline lakes of arid zones that are of considerable
economic, ecological, and scientific values besides being a fragile ecosystem.
Sambhar Lake, Rajasthan, a “Wetland of International Importance” and a
“Ramsar Site” are struggling with an array of conservation threats like
siltation and disturbances in the lake bed, excessive resource-utilization,
and unsustainable development, causing a massive shrinkage of the
watersheet.
Chapter 11 focuses on analyzing the risk and benefits of genetically
modified (GM) crops to the environment and biodiversity. Addition
ally, socioeconomic impacts and benefits of GM crops are also reviewed
comprehensively. The main advantage of GM crops is their potential
promise for future food security for small agriculture in developing coun
tries. However, the critics of genetic engineering of food have concerns,
not only for safety, toxicity, allergincity, carcinogenicity, and altered nutri
tional quality of food, but also for human health and environment. “Trans
genic Revolution” might not appear to have been particularly special, but
until the fears of the public are assuaged, it will continue to be ethically
contentious.
Chapter 12 presents the real situation of fungal (Orphans of Rio) biodi
versity and conservation in Northern Africa countries. It sheds light on
what Abdel-Azeem and coworkers have done in the last decade in Egypt
(as a case study) toward the fungal conservation. The authors stress how
they are obtaining the attention of Egyptian politicians and decision makers
Preface xix
to conserve fungi and promote best practice and to solve such problems
through the Arab Society for Fungal Conservation, Egypt’s Mycologists
Network, Egypt’s National Fungus Day, collaboration between mycolo
gists, amateur fungal groups, fungal conservation societies, regional
natural parks, and environmental agencies.
—Hasnain Nangyal
Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences
Hazara University, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
(Independent Researcher)
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Introduction
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life on the earth, from the genetic
level to terrestrial, freshwater, and marine habitats along with their ecosys
tems. It strengthens our global economy as well as human well-being.
Biodiversity offers essential benefits to people and contributes to society
as a whole by providing knowledge, protection, medicine, and commu
nity identity. Ecosystems in their turn provide a range of vital services,
including regulation of nutrient and carbon cycles. It supplies several
indispensable services to society and strengthening global economy. The
variety of services consists of goods (i.e., food, fiber, timber, and medi
cines), ecosystem functioning (flood control, climate regulation, nutrient
cycling) and amusement that strengthen agriculture by employing them
for the development of new varieties, pollination and pest control, carbon
storage and sequestration, and improvement of human health.
The genetic diversity is referred to as variability amongst the func
tional units of inheritance in plants, animals, and microbes. Diversity in
species portrays the variety of species in all taxonomic units of geographi
cally marked areas. It has been estimated that approximately 2–100 million
species exist across the world, and of them less than 1.5 million have been
explained. The ecosystem diversity encompasses the association and inter
action between plants, animals, micro-organisms, and ecological processes
that function together. Thus, biodiversity is the structural unit that acclima
tizes in changing environmental conditions. The variability in native germ
plasm facilitates scientists to develop better varieties of animals and plants
for human requirements. The genetic diversity is the foundation for the
development of new varieties, and its loss may imperil crop productivity.
These issues are very important from various perspectives, such as histor
ical, economic, social, ethical, esthetic, and ecological points of view.
The species richness signifies the biodiversity of any area that shows
the overall complexity of an ecosystem. Every species exhibits genetic
diversity between individuals. This disparity conveys natural selection and
adaptability in response to climate that eventually guarantees the survival
of species. Biodiversity supplies free of cost various services such as
clean water, pure air, pollination, soil development and conservation, pest
xxii Introduction
control, food, fuel, fiber, and medicine, all of which are vital to the well-
being of human society. Many of the wild plants are important components
of medicinal resources either used in traditional healthcare systems of
medicines or in synthetic drugs. In addition these are indemnities for food
security issues. The sustainability of ecosystems depends on rich and
healthy genetic diversity, species, and habitats, and loss of biodiversity
eventually affects these services.
Due to the indispensable role of biodiversity in human development,
there is escalating concern about the species loss and the declining of
genetic diversity of cultivated crops and wild species. This apprehension
takes place because the natural lands are very rapidly being deteriorated
and transformed by human interference in the world, especially in the
tropics. Scientists also believe that the loss of species diversity may result
in instability and functioning of the ecosystem. Therefore, conserving
biodiversity is of utmost importance for the survival of human beings on
the earth. For instance, the air for breathing, the water for drinking, and
the soil for crop production resulted due to multifaceted interactions that
occur between living beings. Loss of any keystone species would harm the
services upheld by the species and degrade ecosystem.
Mankind has altered the ecosystems and affected the composition of
biodiversity by undertaking a range of activities that augmented species
loss and invasions at local and global levels. This kind of modification in
biodiversity composition amends ecosystem chattels and services offered
to mankind. The scientific studies have illustrated that properties of an
ecosystem largely depend on biodiversity at the extant of efficient distinc
tiveness of prevailing organisms in the ecosystem and their abundance and
distribution in space and time.
Conservation of biodiversity is crucial to the sustainability of sectors
as diverse as energy, agriculture, forestry, fisheries, wildlife, industry,
health, tourism, commerce, irrigation, and power. Pakistan’s development
in the future will continue to depend on the foundation provided by living
resources, and conserving biodiversity will ensure this foundation is strong.
Biodiversity is a very broad topic, and despite the ample literature
available in the market, there is a need to enhance the understanding of this
notion. This present endeavor is the heartfelt effort that portrays various
researches on biodiversity. It is a matter of great concern that biodiver
sity is under threat due to the anthropogenic activities by humankind. For
better understanding the way of utilizing biological resources by human
Introduction xxiii
Language: Portuguese
Credits: Laura Natal Rodrigues (Images generously made available by the Biblioteca Brasiliana USP
Digital.)
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK O ATHENEU (CHRONICA DE SAUDADES) ***
RAUL POMPEIA
O
ATHENEU
(CHRONICA DE SAUDADES)
2ª Edição definitiva
INDICE
CAPITULO I
CAPITULO II
CAPITULO III
CAPITULO IV
CAPITULO V
CAPITULO VI
CAPITULO VII
CAPITULO VIII
CAPITULO IX
CAPITULO X
CAPITULO XI
CAPITULO XII
O ATHENEU
Guardei, na imaginação infantil, a gravura d'esta apotheose com o atordoamento offuscado, mais
ou menos de um sujeito partindo á meia-noite de qualquer theatro, onde, em magica beata, Deus Padre
pessoalmente se houvesse prestado a concorrer para a grandeza do ultimo quadro. Conheci-o solemne
na primeira festa, jovial na segunda; conheci-o mais tarde em mil situações, de mil modos; mas o
retrato que me ficou para sempre do meu grande director, foi aquelle—o bello bigode branco, o queixo
barbeado, o olhar perdido nas trevas, photographia estatica, na ventura de um raio electrico.
É facil conceber a attracção que me chamava para aquelle mundo tão altamente interessante, no
conceito das minhas impressões. Avaliem o prazer que tive, quando me disse meu pae que eu ia ser
apresentado ao director do Atheneu e á matricula. O movimento não era mais a vaidade, antes o
legitimo instincto da responsabilidade altiva; era uma consequencia apaixonada da seducção do
espectaculo, o arroubo de solidariedade que me parecia prender á communhão fraternal da escola.
Honrado engano, esse ardor franco por uma empreza ideal de energia e de dedicação premeditada
confusamente, no calculo pobre de uma experiencia de dez annos.
O director recebeu-nos em sua residencia, com manifestações ultra de affecto. Fez-se captivante,
paternal; abriu-nos amostras dos melhores padrões do seu espirito, evidenciou as facturas do seu
coração. O genero era bom, sem duvida nenhuma; que apezar do paletot de seda e do calçado raso
com que se nos apresentava, apezar da bondosa familiaridade com que declinava até nós, nem um
segundo o destitui da altitude de divinisação em que o meu criterio embasbacado o acceitara.
Verdade é que não era facil reconhecer alli, tangivel e em carne, uma entidade outr'ora da
mythologia das minhas primeiras concepções anthropomorphicas; logo após Nosso Senhor, o qual eu
imaginara velho, feiissimo, barbudo, impertinente, corcunda, ralhando por trovões, carbonisando
meninos com o corisco. Eu aprendera a ler pelos livros elementares de Aristarcho, e o suppunha velho
como o primeiro, porém rapado, de cara chupada, pedagogica, oculos apocalypticos, carapuça negra
de borla, fanhoso, omnipotente e máu, com uma das mãos para traz escondendo a palmatoria e
doutrinando á humanidade o b-a-bá.
As impressões recentes derogavam o meu Aristarcho; mas a hyperbole essencial do primitivo
transmittia-se ao successor por um mysterio de hereditariedade renitente. Dava-me gosto então a
peleja renhida das duas imagens e aquella complicação immediata do paletot de seda e do sapato
raso, fazendo alliança com Aristarcho II contra Aristarcho I. no reino da phantasia. Nisto afagaram-me a
cabeça. Era Elle! Estremeci.
«Como se chama o amiguinho?» perguntou-me o director.
—Sergio... dei o nome todo, baixando os olhos e sem esquecer o «seu criado» da estricta cortezia.
—Pois, meu caro Sr. Sergio, o amigo ha de ter a bondade de ir ao cabelleireiro deitar fóra estes
cachinhos...
Eu tinha ainda os cabellos compridos, por um capricho amoroso de rainha mãe. O conselho era
visivelmente salgado de censura. O director, explicando a meu pae, accrescentou com o rizinho nasal
que sabia fazer: «Sim, senhor, os meninos bonitos não provam bem no meu collegio...»
—Peço licença para defender os meninos bonitos... objectou alguem entrando.
Surprehendendo-nos com esta phrase, unctuosamente escoada por um sorriso, chegou a senhora
do director, D. Emma. Bella mulher em plena prosperidade dos trinta annos de Balzac, fórmas
alongadas por graciosa magreza, erigindo, porém, o tronco sobre quadris amplos, fortes como a
maternidade; olhos negros, pupillas retintas, de uma côr só, que pareciam encher o talho folgado das
palpebras; de um moreno rosa que algumas formosuras possuem, e que seria tambem a côr do jambo,
se jambo fosse rigorosamente o fructo prohibido. Adiantava-se por movimentos oscillados, cadencia de
menuetto harmonioso e molle que o corpo alternava. Vestia setim preto justo sobre as fórmas, reluzente
como panno molhado; e o setim vivia com ousada transparencia a vida occulta da carne. Esta
apparição maravilhou-me.
Houve as apresentações de ceremonia, e a senhora com um nadinha de excessivo desembaraço
sentou-se no divan perto de mim.
—Quantos annos tem? perguntou-me.
—Onze annos...
—Parece ter seis, com estes lindos cabellos.
Eu não era realmente desenvolvido. A senhora colhia-me o cabello nos dedos:
—Córte e offereça a mamãe, aconselhou com uma caricia; é a infancia que ahi fica, nos cabellos
louros... Depois, os filhos nada mais têm para as mães...
O poemeto de amor materno deliciou-me como uma divina musica. Olhei furtivamente para a
senhora. Ella conservava sobre mim as grandes pupillas negras, lucidas, numa expressão de infinda
bondade! Que boa mãe para os meninos, pensava eu. Depois, voltada para meu pae, formulou
sentidamente observações a respeito da solidão das crianças no internato.
—Mas o Sergio é dos fortes, disse Aristarcho, apoderando-se da palavra. Demais, o meu collegio é
apenas maior que o lar domestico. O amor não é precisamente o mesmo, mas os cuidados de
vigilancia são mais activos. São as crianças os meus predilectos. Os meus esforços mais desvelados
são para os pequenos. Se adoecem e a familia está fóra, não os confio a um correspondente... Trato-os
aqui, em minha casa. Minha senhora é a enfermeira. Queria que o vissem os detractores...
Enveredando pelo thema querido do elogio proprio e do Atheneu, ninguem mais pôde falar...
Aristarcho, sentado, de pé, cruzando terriveis passadas, immobilisando-se a repentes inesperados,
gesticulando como um tribuno de meetings, clamando como para um auditorio de dez mil pessoas,
majestoso sempre, alçando os padrões admiraveis, como um leiloeiro, e as opulentas facturas,
desenrolou, com a memoria de uma ultima conferencia, a narrativa dos seus serviços á causa santa da
instrucção. Trinta annos de tentativas e resultados, esclarecendo como um pharol diversas gerações
agora influentes no destino do paiz! E as reformas futuras? Não bastava a abolição dos castigos
corporaes, o que já dava uma benemerencia passavel. Era preciso a introducção do methodos novos,
suppressão absoluta dos vexames de punição, modalidades aperfeiçoadas no systema das
recompensas, ageitação dos trabalhos, de maneira que seja a escola um paraiso; adopção de normas
desconhecidas cuja efficacia elle presentia, perspicaz como as aguias. Elle havia de crear... um horror,
a transformação moral da sociedade!
Uma hora trovejou-lhe á bocca, em sanguinea eloquencia, o genio do annuncio. Mirámol-o na
inteira expansão oral, como, por occasião das festas, na plenitude da sua vivacidade pratica.
Contemplavamos (eu com aterrado espanto) distendido em grandeza épica—o homem sandwich da
educação nacional, lardeado entre dous monstruosos cartazes. Ás costas, o seu passado incalculavel
de trabalhos; sobre o ventre, para a frente, o seu futuro: a reclame dos immortaes projectos.
II
Do que se passou depois, não tenho idéa. A perturbação levou-me a consciencia das cousas.
Lembro-me que me achei com o Rebello, na rouparia, e o Rebello animava-me com um esforço de
bondade sincero e commovedor.
Rebello retirou-se e eu, em camisa, acabrunhado, amargando o meu desastre, emquanto o
roupeiro procurava o gavetão 54, fiquei a considerar a differença d'aquella situação para o ideal de
cavallaria com que sonhara assombrar o Atheneu.
Como tardava o criado, apanhei aborrecido um folheto que alli estava á mesa dos assentos,
entradas de enxoval, registros de lavanderia. Curioso folheto, versos e estampas... Fechei-o
convulsamente com o arrependimento de uma curiosidade perversa. Estranho folheto! Abri-o de novo.
Ardia-me á face inexplicavel incendio de pudor, constringia-me a garganta exquisito aperto, de nausea.
Escravisava-me, porém, a seducção da novidade. Olhei para os lados com um gesto de culpado; não
sei que instincto me acordava um sobresalto de remorso. Um simples papel, entretanto, borrado na
tiragem rapida dos delictos de imprensa. Arrostei-o. O roupeiro veio interromper-me. «Larga d'ahi! disse
com brutalidade, isso não é p'ra menino!» E retirou o livrinho.
Esta impressão viva de surpreza curou-me da lembrança do meu triste episodio, crescendo-me na
imaginação como as visões, absorvendo-me as idéas. Zumbia-me aos ouvidos a palavra aterrada de
Aristarcho... Sim, devia ser isto: um entravamento obscuro de fórmas despidas, roupas abertas, um
turbilhão de frades bebados, deslocados ao capricho de todas as deformidades de um monstruoso
desenho, tocando-se, saltando a sarabanda diabolica sem fim, no empastado negrume da tinta do
prelo; aqui e alli, o raio branco de uma falha, fulminando o espectaculo e a gravura, como o estigma
complementar do acaso.