Overview of Java Streams

Douglas C. Schmidt
[email protected]
www.dre.vanderbilt.edu/~schmidt
Professor of Computer Science
Institute for Software
Integrated Systems
Vanderbilt University
Nashville, Tennessee, USA
 Learning Objectives in this Part of the Lesson
• Understand Java streams structure &
Stream source
functionality
Input x

Aggregate operation (behavior f)

Output f(x)

Aggregate operation (behavior g)

Output g(f(x))

Aggregate operation (behavior h)

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 Learning Objectives in this Part of the Lesson
• Understand Java streams structure &
Stream source
functionality, e.g.
Input x
• Fundamentals of streams
Aggregate operation (behavior f)

Output f(x)

Aggregate operation (behavior g)

Output g(f(x))

Aggregate operation (behavior h)

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 Learning Objectives in this Part of the Lesson
• Understand Java streams structure &
Stream source
functionality, e.g.
Input x
• Fundamentals of streams
• & the evolution of streams Aggregate operation (behavior f)

Output f(x)

Aggregate operation (behavior g)

Output g(f(x))

Aggregate operation (behavior h)

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 Overview of
Java Streams

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 Overview of Java Streams
• Java streams are a framework first
introduced into the Java class library
in Java 8

See docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/collections/streams
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 Overview of Java Streams
• A stream is a pipeline of aggregate operations that process a sequence of
elements (aka, “values” or “data”) Input x

Aggregate operation (behavior f)

Output f(x)

Aggregate operation (behavior g)

Output g(f(x))

Aggregate operation (behavior h)

See docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/collections/streams
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 Overview of Java Streams
• A stream is a pipeline of aggregate operations that process a sequence of
elements (aka, “values” or “data”) Input x

Aggregate operation (behavior f)

Output f(x)

Aggregate operation (behavior g)

Output g(f(x))

An aggregate operation is a higher- Aggregate operation (behavior h)

order function that applies a “behavior”
param to every element in a stream.

See en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher-order_function
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 Overview of Java Streams
• A stream is a pipeline of aggregate operations that process a sequence of
elements (aka, “values” or “data”) Input x

Aggregate operation (behavior f)

Output f(x)

Aggregate operation (behavior g)

Output g(f(x))

Aggregate operation (behavior h)

Behavior parameterization simplifies
coping with changing requirements.

See blog.indrek.io/articles/java-8-behavior-parameterization
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 Overview of Java Streams
• A stream is a pipeline of aggregate operations that process a sequence of
elements (aka, “values” or “data”) Input x

Aggregate operation (behavior f)

Output f(x)

Aggregate operation (behavior g)

Output g(f(x))

Aggregate operation (behavior h)

A stream is conceptually unbounded, though it’s often bounded by practical constraints.

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 Overview of Java Streams
• A Java stream is an implementation of the POSA1 Pipes & Filters pattern

Divide an app’s tasks into multiple self-contained data

processing steps & connect these steps via intermediate
data buffers to form a data processing pipeline

See hillside.net/plop/2011/papers/B-10-Hanmer.pdf
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 Overview of Java Streams
• We use this stream as a case study example throughout this introduction
Stream Input x
.of("Ophelia","horatio",
"laertes","Gertrude", Aggregate operation (behavior f)
"Hamlet","fortinbras", ...)
.filter(s -> toLowerCase Output f(x)
(s.charAt(0)) == 'h')
.map(this::capitalize) Aggregate operation (behavior g)
.sorted()
.forEach(System.out::println); Output g(f(x))

Aggregate operation (behavior h)

Print each character in Hamlet that starts with ‘H’
or ‘h’ in consistently capitalized & sorted order.

See github.com/douglascraigschmidt/LiveLessons/tree/master/Java8/ex12
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The Evolution of
Java Streams

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 The Evolution of Java Streams
• Java streams have evolved a bit over time

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 The Evolution of Java Streams
• Java streams have evolved a bit over time, e.g.
• Later versions of Java added some
new operations

See www.baeldung.com/java-9-stream-api
15 & blog.codefx.org/java/teeing-collector
 The Evolution of Java Streams
• Java streams have evolved a bit over time, e.g.
• Later versions of Java added some
new operations
• Java 9 also added a new API that
implements the reactive streams
specification

See www.reactive-streams.org
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 The Evolution of Java Streams
• Java streams have evolved a bit over time, e.g.
• Later versions of Java added some
new operations
• Java 9 also added a new API that
implements the reactive streams
specification
• Reactive streams frameworks
are covered later in this course

See upcoming lessons on17RxJava & Project Reactor

End of Overview
of Java Streams

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