As Las 2

Name: LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET 2
Independent Samples T-test
T-test
T-test is a statistical test that compares the mean of two groups of data. As a parametric test, t-test assumes
the normality of data distribution and the other assumptions. Depending on the nature of samples, t-test
can be classified as follows:
a. One-Sample T-test
b. Independent Samples T-test
c. Paired Samples T-test
Independent Samples t-test
We can employ this type of t-test to compare the means of two unrelated groups. We use the formula:
𝑥̅1 − 𝑥̅2 (𝑛1 − 1)𝑠12 + (𝑛2 − 1)𝑠22
𝑡= 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑝 = √
1 1 𝑛1 + 𝑛2 − 2
𝑠𝑝 √𝑛 + 𝑛
1 2
Where:
̅̅̅1 = 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒
𝑥 ̅̅̅2 = 𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒
𝑥
𝑠1 = 𝑆. 𝐷. 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑠2 = 𝑆. 𝐷. 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒
𝑛1 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑛2 = 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒
𝑠𝑝 = 𝑆. 𝐷. 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑝𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
Its degrees of freedom is equal to 𝑑𝑓 = 𝑛1 + 𝑛2 − 2
Example 2.1.2. It is said that males are better than females in Mathematics. From the administered
major examination, Teacher Rosalinda selected a random size of 30 male students who were
found out to have a mean score of 80.8 with an SD of 3.5 while a random sample of 30
females had a mean score of 78.5 with an SD of 3.0. Is it correct to conclude that they
performed equally in the examination? Test at 5% alpha level.
Assuming that the set assumptions in performing the parametric test were satisfied, we will test the
hypotheses that:
𝐻0 : The mean scores of the male and female students are equal.
𝐻𝑎 : The mean scores of the male and female students differ.
Utilizing the given formula, we determine the t-computed value given that:
𝑥̅1 = 80.8, 𝑛1 = 30, 𝑠1 = 3.5, 𝑥̅2 = 78.5, 𝑛2 = 30, 𝑠2 = 3.0
Computing first for the 𝑠𝑝 ,
(30 − 1)(3.5)2 + (30 − 1)(3.0)2 (29)(12.25) + (29)(9.0) 616.25
𝑠𝑝 = √ = √ = √ = 3.259601
30 + 30 − 2 58 58
Then, we proceed with the 𝑡,
80.8 − 78.5 2.3
𝑡= = = 2.7328
1 1 2
𝑠𝑝 √30 + 30 (3.259601)√30
Similar to the previous type of t-test, when deciding whether to reject or accept the null hypothesis for
independent samples t-test, we can look up on the table of critical values for 𝑡 found on Statistics books.
Also, using Microsoft Excel, we can determine the critical t-value by entering the formula:
= T. INV. 2T (α, df) = T. INV. 2T (0.05, 58)
T-critical
It will return 2.0017.
Note that when using this method in deciding whether to accept or reject the hypothesis, if:
• t-statistic < t-critical, do not reject the Ho.
• t-statistic > t-critical, reject the Ho and conclude the Ha.
Advanced Statistics /LAS 2/Page 1 of 5

Since 2.7328 > 2.0017 we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the performance of the males
was better than the performance of the females in the major examination.
On significance-based decision making, the following formula function in MSExcel can be used to
calculate the probability value associated to a computed 𝑡.
= TDIST(t statistic , df, tails) = TDIST(2.7328, 58, 2)
P-value
It will return 0.008.
Note that when using this method in deciding whether to accept or reject the hypothesis, if:
• P-value < α, reject the Ho and conclude the Ha.
• P-value > α, accept the Ho.
Since we set 𝛼 = 0.05 and 0.008 < 0.05, we reject the null hypothesis and conclude that the
performance of the males was better than the performance of the females in the major
examination.
AS_2a.
To compare freshmen’s knowledge of mathematics in the two programs of the College of Teacher
Education, a certain instructor gave a special examination to the BSEd and BEEd students. A sample of 25
BSEd students had a mean score of 85.85 with a standard deviation of 7.5. A sample of 29 BEEd had a mean
score of 90.5 with a standard deviation of 10.3. Is there a significant difference between the two sample
means? Use 0.05 level of significance to test it following the hypothesis testing procedure.
1. Formulate the null and alternative hypothesis.

𝐻𝑜 :
𝐻𝑎 :
2. Decide the level of significance, 𝒂.
The hypothesis will be tested using 𝑎 = ______ level of significance with a degrees of freedom
____________________________________________________________.
3. Choose the appropriate test statistic.
The test that will be used is ___________________________________ because __________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________.
4. Compute the value of the statistical test.
Computation:
5. Decide whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis.

Compute t-critical Compute probability/ significance value
using MS Excel: using MS Excel:
𝑡𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 = __________ 𝑝 = __________
Decision: Reject Ho Accept Ho Decision: Reject Ho Accept Ho
Reason: Reason:
6. Draw a conclusion.
Conclusion:

AS_2b.
An agriculture major student asks the help of his fellow Statistics student to test his claim that the fertilizer he
developed will increase the mean harvest of eggplants. Fifty-six plants were treated with the fertilizer and
had a mean harvest of 10.5 kilograms with a standard deviation of 1.2 kilograms. Forty-nine plants were
untreated and had a mean harvest of 9.25 kilograms with standard deviation of 0.7 kilograms. Use a 0.05
level of significance. Follow hypothesis testing procedure.

AS_2c.
Test the claim of an elementary teacher that using the contextualized modules for teaching fractions to her
Grade 4 learners is better than the traditional approach. She divided her class into two, 19 pupils were
assigned to the contextualized group while 18 were assigned to the traditional group. Their scores in the 30-
item post-test were recorded as shown below. Follow hypothesis testing procedure and use a 0.05 level of
significance in testing this claim.
Group 1 (Contextualized) Group 2 (Traditional)
Student Score Student Score Student Score Student Score
A 25 K 26 a 18 j 14
B 23 L 29 b 19 k 12
C 27 M 13 c 20 l 17
D 28 N 17 d 17 m 19
E 29 O 18 e 19 n 21
F 21 P 23 f 23 o 22
G 19 Q 24 g 25 p 25
H 18 R 21 h 28 q 24
I 17 S 29 i 23 r 17
J 20


As Las 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

As Las 2

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

As Las 2

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Name: LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET 2

Independent Samples T-test

Independent Samples t-test

Advanced Statistics /LAS 2/Page 1 of 5

1. Formulate the null and alternative hypothesis.

5. Decide whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis.

𝑡𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 = 𝑝 =

Decision: Reject Ho Accept Ho Decision: Reject Ho Accept Ho

Advanced Statistics /LAS 2/Page 2 of 5

Advanced Statistics /LAS 2/Page 3 of 5

Advanced Statistics /LAS 2/Page 4 of 5

You might also like