ASSIGNMENT NO:06

Submitted by: Muhammad Wajih Ud Din Kamran

Reg. No.: FA17-BSE-029

Submitted To: Hina Naz

Subject: Statistic and Probability Theory

Topic: Hypothesis-testing Problems

AUGUST 16, 2020

COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD
(VEHARI CAMPUS)
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Key Points for solving this Assignment:

We follow these steps to solve these hypothesis-Testing Problems (P-Value Method).

1. State The hypotheses
2. Select distribution to use
3. Find the P-value
4. Make the decision
5. Summarize the result

Problem 1:
A physician claims that joggers’ maximal volume oxygen uptake is greater than the average of
all adults. A random sample of 15 joggers has a mean of 40.6 milliliters per kilogram (ml/kg) and a
standard deviation of 6 ml/kg. If the average of all adults is 36.7 ml/kg, is there enough evidence to
support the physician’s claim at α = 0.05? Assume the variable is normally distributed

Given Data:

𝒏 = 𝟏𝟏 ; ̅𝒙 = 𝟒𝟎. 𝟔 ; 𝜹 = 𝟔 ; 𝛂 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓

Solution:
Step 1:
State The hypotheses.

𝑵𝒖𝒍𝒍 𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔 = 𝑯𝟎 = 𝝁 = 𝟑𝟔. 𝟕

𝑨𝒍𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔 = 𝑯𝟏 = 𝝁 > 𝟑𝟔. 𝟕

Step 2:
Select distribution to use.
Here, the standard deviation is known. The simple size (n<30), but the variable is normally
distributed. Hence, we will use the normal distribution to find the P-value.
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Step 3:
Calculate the P-value.
̅ −𝝁
𝒙
𝒛=
𝜹
( )
√𝒏

𝑷𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂

𝟒𝟎. 𝟔 − 𝟑𝟔. 𝟕
𝒛=
𝟔
( )
√𝟏𝟓

3.9
=
1.546
𝑧 = 2.52
The area is 0.9941 subtract from 1.0000 to find the area of tail Hence, the P-value is.

𝑃 − value = 0.005
Step 4:
Make a decision.
This based on the P-value we can state that at.

𝛂 > 𝑷 − 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞
𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 > 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟓

Step 5:
Summarize the result:
Hence, we reject the null hypothesis
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Problem 2:
Medical Operations the director of a medical hospital feels that her surgeons perform fewer
operations per year than the national average of 211. She selected a random sample of 15 surgeons
and found that the mean number of operations they performed was 208.8. The standard deviation of
the sample was 3.8. Is there enough evidence to support the director’s feelings at α = 0.10?

Given Data:

𝒏 = 𝟏𝟓 ; ̅𝒙 = 𝟐𝟎𝟖. 𝟖 ; 𝜹 = 𝟑. 𝟖 ; 𝛂 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎

Solution:
Step 1:
State The hypotheses.

𝑵𝒖𝒍𝒍 𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔 = 𝑯𝟎 = 𝝁 = 𝟐𝟏𝟏

𝑨𝒍𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔 = 𝑯𝟏 = 𝝁 < 𝟐𝟏𝟏

Step 2:
Select distribution to use.
Here, the standard deviation is known. The simple size (n>30), but the variable is normally
distributed. Hence, we will use the normal distribution to find the P-value and perform the
test.
Step 3:
Calculate the P-value.
̅ −𝝁
𝒙
𝒛=
𝜹
( )
√𝒏

𝑷𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂

 4

𝟐𝟎𝟖. 𝟖 − 𝟐𝟏𝟏
𝒛=
𝟑. 𝟖
( )
√𝟏𝟓
−2.2
=
0.9812
𝐳 = −𝟐. 𝟐𝟒𝟐
The < sign in the alternative hypothesis indicates the test is left-tailed the area of tail is
0.0125.

𝑃 − value = 0.0125
Step 4:
Make a decision.
This based on the P-value we decide that ∝ −𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 is greater than the P-value. So, we reject
the null hypothesis.
∝ −𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 > 𝑷 − 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞

𝟎. 𝟏 > 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟐𝟓

Step 5:
Summarize the result:
Hence, we reject the null hypothesis.

Problem 3:
A researcher believes that the mean age of medical doctors in a large hospital system is older
than the average age of doctors in the United States, which is 46. Assume the population standard
deviation is 4.2 years. A random sample of 30 doctors from the system is selected, and the mean age
of the sample is 48.6. Test the claim at α = 0.05.

Given Data:

𝒏 = 𝟑𝟎 ; ̅𝒙 = 𝟒𝟖. 𝟔 ; 𝜹 = 𝟒. 𝟐 ; 𝛂 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓

Solution:
 5

Step 1:
State The hypotheses.

𝑵𝒖𝒍𝒍 𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔 = 𝑯𝟎 = 𝝁 = 𝟒𝟔
𝑨𝒍𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔 = 𝑯𝟏 = 𝝁 < 𝟒𝟔

Step 2:
Select distribution to use.
Here, the standard deviation is known. The simple size (n<30), the sample size is normally
distributed. Hence, we will use the normal distribution to find the P-value and perform the
test.
Step 3:
Calculate the P-value.
̅ −𝝁
𝒙
𝒛=
𝜹
( )
√𝒏

𝑷𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂

𝟒𝟖. 𝟔 − 𝟒𝟔
𝒛=
𝟒. 𝟐
( )
√𝟑𝟎
2.6
=
0.7668
𝐳 = 𝟑. 𝟑𝟗𝟏
The area under the standard normal distribution to the right-tailed the area of tail is 0.9997.
Subtract from 1.0000 to find the area.
𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 − 𝟎. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟕 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑

𝑃 − value = 0.0003
Step 4:
Make a decision.
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This based on the P-value we decide that ∝ −𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 is greater than the P-value. So, we reject
the null hypothesis.
∝ −𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 > 𝑷 − 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞

𝟎. 𝟎𝟓 > 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑
Step 5:
Summarize the result:
Hence, we reject the null hypothesis

Problem 4:
A researcher wishes to test the claim that the average cost of tuition and fees at a four-year
public college is greater than $5700. She selects a random sample of 36 four-year public colleges and
finds the mean to be $5950. The population standard deviation is $659. Is there evidence to support
the claim at α = 0.05?

Given Data:

𝒏 = 𝟑𝟔 ; ̅𝒙 = 𝟓𝟗𝟓𝟎 ; 𝜹 = 𝟔𝟓𝟗 ; 𝛂 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓

Solution:
Step 1:
State The hypotheses.

𝑵𝒖𝒍𝒍 𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔 = 𝑯𝟎 = 𝝁 = $𝟓𝟕𝟎𝟎

𝑨𝒍𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝒉𝒚𝒑𝒐𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒔 = 𝑯𝟏 = 𝝁 > $𝟓𝟕𝟎𝟎 (𝒄𝒍𝒂𝒊𝒎)

Step 2:
Select distribution to use.
Here, the standard deviation is known. The simple size (n<30), the sampling distribution is
normal. Hence, we will use the normal distribution to find the P-value and perform the test.
Step 3:
Calculate the P-value.
 7

̅ −𝝁
𝒙
𝒛=
𝜹
( )
√𝒏

𝑷𝒖𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆 𝒊𝒏 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂

𝟓𝟗𝟓𝟎 − 𝟓𝟕𝟎𝟎
𝒛=
𝟔𝟓𝟗
( )
√𝟑𝟔

250
=
109.83

𝐳 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟖
The > sign indicate the alternative hypothesis the test is right-tailed the area of tail is 0.9887.
Subtract from 1.0000 to find the area.
𝟏. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 − 𝟎. 𝟗𝟖𝟖𝟕 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟑

𝑃 − value = 0.0113
Step 4:
Make a decision.
This based on the P-value we decide that P-value is than the ∝ −𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒. So, we reject the null
hypothesis.

𝑷 − 𝐯𝐚𝐥𝐮𝐞 < ∝ −𝒗𝒂𝒍𝒖𝒆

𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟏𝟑 < 𝟎. 𝟎𝟓

Step 5:
Summarize the result:
Hence, we reject the null hypothesis