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This document contains assignments related to discrete mathematics concepts like even/odd integers, prime/composite numbers, and proofs. It includes 30 problems requiring students to determine properties of numbers, write proofs, evaluate expressions, and solve word problems involving divisibility, floor/ceiling functions, and proofs by contradiction/contraposition. The problems cover topics like rational/irrational numbers, modular arithmetic, and mathematical induction.

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23 views

Assignment

This document contains assignments related to discrete mathematics concepts like even/odd integers, prime/composite numbers, and proofs. It includes 30 problems requiring students to determine properties of numbers, write proofs, evaluate expressions, and solve word problems involving divisibility, floor/ceiling functions, and proofs by contradiction/contraposition. The problems cover topics like rational/irrational numbers, modular arithmetic, and mathematical induction.

Uploaded by

sa8524055
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AIN SHAMS UNIVERSITY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
International Credit Hour System

Fall 2023 Assignment (2)

PHM 211: Discrete Mathematics


Name in English: Section: Group: I.D.:

Use the definitions of even, odd, prime, and composite to justify each of your answers.
1. Assume that 𝑘 is a particular integer.
a. Is −17 an odd integer? (Y/N)
Because:
b. Is 0 an even integer? (Y/N)
Because:
c. Is 2𝑘 − 1 odd? (Y/N)
Because:

Prove the following statements


2. There are real numbers a and b such that √𝑎 + 𝑏 = √𝑎 + √𝑏.
Proof:

Definition: An integer n is called a perfect square if, and only if, n = k2 for some
integer k.
3. There is a perfect square that can be written as a sum of two other perfect squares.
Proof:
4. The negative of any even integer is even.
Proof:

5. The difference of any even integer minus any odd integer is odd.
Proof:

6. The sum of any two odd integers is even.


Proof:

Prove that the following statement is false.

7. There exists an integer 𝑘 ≥ 4 such that 2𝑘 2 − 5𝑘 + 2 is prime.


Proof:

𝑛−1
8. For all integers 𝑛, if 𝑛 is odd then 2
is odd.
Proof:

Write each number as a ratio of two integers:

2 4
9. + 5 . Ans:
9

10. 4.6037. Ans:


11. Assume that 𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 are both integers and that 𝑎 ≠ 0 and 𝑏 ≠ 0.
Explain why (𝑏 − 𝑎)/(𝑎𝑏) must be a rational number.
Because:

12. Prove that every integer is a rational number.


Proof:

Determine which of the following statements are true and which are false. Prove each true
statement directly from the definitions, and give a counterexample for each false
statement.
13. The difference of any two rational numbers is a rational number.
Proof:
14. If r is any rational number, then 3r2 − 2r + 4 is rational.
Proof:

Give a reason for your answer

15. Is 52 divisible by 13?


Ans.:
16. Is 6a(a + b) a multiple of 3a?
Ans.:
17. Does 13 | 73?
Ans.:
18. Consider the statement: The negative of any multiple of 3 is a multiple of 3.

a. Write the statement formally using a quantifier and a variable.

Formal Statement:

b. Determine whether the statement is true or false and justify your answer.

(True/False) Because:

19. Show that the following statement is false: For all integers a and b, if 3 | (a + b) then
3 | (a−b).
Proof:
Determine whether the following statements are true or false. Prove the statement
directly from the definitions if it is true, and give a counterexample if it is false.

20. The product of any two even integers is a multiple of 4. (T/F)


Proof:

21. A necessary condition for an integer to be divisible by 6 is that it be divisible by 2.


(T/F)
Proof:

22. Prove that if n is any nonnegative integer whose decimal representation ends in 0,
then 5 | n. (Hint: If the decimal representation of a nonnegative integer n ends in
d0, then n = 10m + d0 for some integer m.)
Proof:
Find integers q and r such that n = dq + r and 𝟎 ≤ 𝒓 < 𝒅.

23. n = 70, d =9
Ans.:
24. n = 3, d = 11
Ans.:
25. n = −27, d = 8
Ans.:

Evaluate

26. a. 43 div9 b.43mod 9


Ans.:
27. January 1, 2000, was a Saturday, and 2000 was a leap year. What day of the week
will January 1, 2050, be?
Ans.:

28. Suppose d is a positive integer and n is any integer. If d | n, what is the remainder
obtained when the quotient remainder theorem is applied to n with divisor d?
Ans.:

29. Prove that for all integers n, n2 − n + 3 is odd.


Proof:
30. Suppose b is an integer. If b mod 12 = 5, what is 8b mod 12? In other words, if
division of b by 12 gives a remainder of 5, what is the remainder when 8b is divided
by 12?
Solution:

Compute ⌈𝒙⌉ 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ⌊𝒙⌋ for each of the values of x in the following
31. 37.999. Ans:
32. −14.00001. Ans:
33. Use the floor notation to express 259 div 11 and 259 mod 11.
Ans.:

34. If k is an integer, what is ⌈𝑘⌉? Why?


Ans.:

35. Seven pounds of raw material are needed to manufacture each unit of a certain
product. Express the number of units that can be produced from n pounds of raw
material using either the floor or the ceiling notation. Which notation is more
appropriate?
Solution:

Prove the following


36. For any real number x, if x is not an integer, then ⌊𝑥⌋ + ⌊−𝑥⌋ = −1.
Proof:
37. For all real numbers x, if 𝑥 − ⌊𝑥⌋ < 1/2 then ⌊2𝑥⌋ = 2⌊𝑥⌋.
Proof:

Carefully formulate the negation of each statement.


38. There is no greatest even integer.
Negation:

39. There is no greatest negative real number.


Negation:
Prove each of the following statements by contradiction
40. For any integer 𝑛, 𝑛2 − 2 is not divisible by 4.
Proof:

41. For all prime numbers a, b, and c, a2 + b2 ≠c2.


Proof:
Prove the following statements by contraposition.
42. If a product of two positive real numbers is greater than 100, then at least one of
the numbers is greater than 10.
Proof:

43. For all integers m and n, if mn is even then m is even or n is even.


Proof:

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