Complex Number Sheet Solutions
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ayush.aher06Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
DPP. NO.- 1
Q.1 The sequence S = i + 2i2 + 3i3 + ........ upto 100 terms simplifies to where i = 1 :
(A) 50 (1 i) (B) 25i (C) 25 (1 + i) (D) 100 (1 i)
Ans. (A)
Sol. S i 2i 2 3i3 ...100i100 .....(i)
Si i 2 2i3 ...99i100 100i101.....(ii)
Eq (i) – Eq(ii)
S(1 i) i i 2 i3 .....i100 100i101
a(1 r n )
Sn ...... Sum of terms (GP)
1 r
a i, r i, n 100
i(1 i100 )
S(1 i) 100(i100 )i
1 i
S(1 i) 0 100i
i
S 100
1 i
i(1 i)
100
2
50(1 i)
Q.2 If z + z3 = 0 then which of the following must be true on the complex plane?
(A) Re(z) < 0 (B) Re(z) = 0 (C) Im(z) = 0 (D) z4 = 1
Ans. (B)
Sol. z(1 + z2) = 0 z = 0 or z2 = i2 z = 0 or z = ± i Re(z) = 0
Q.3 Number of integral values of n for which the quantity (n + i)4 where i2 = – 1, is an integer is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Ans. (C)
Sol. (n + i)4 = n4 + 4n3i + 6n2i2 + 4ni3 + i4
= n4 – 6n2 + 1 + i(4n3 – 4n)
for this to be integer
4n3 – 4n = 4n(n2 – 1) must be zero
n = 0 or n = ± 1 3 values
Q.4 Let i = 1 . The product of the real part of the roots of z2 – z = 5 – 5i is
(A) – 25 (B) – 6 (C) – 5 (D) 25
Ans. (B)
Sol. z 2 z (5 5i) 0
a 1; b 1;c 5i 5
So, the roots are
D b 2 4ac
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(1) 2 4(5 5i)
1 20 20i
21 20i
b D b D
z ,
2 2
1 21 20i 1 21 20i
z ,
2 2
The roots of 21– 20i are
Let assume z1 21 20i
Re(z1 21)
z1 (21)2 (20) 2 441 400
841 29
z Re(z1 ) z Re(z1 )
21 20i 1 i 1
2 2
29 21 29 21
i
2 2
(5 2i)
1 5 2i 1 5 2i
z or z
2 2
z 3 i or z i 2
Hence product of real parts are –2 × 3 = –6
Q.5 There is only one way to choose real numbers M and N such that when the polynomial
5x4 + 4x3 + 3x2 + Mx + N is divided by the polynomial x2 + 1, the remainder is 0. If M and N assume
these unique values, then M – N is
(A) – 6 (B) – 2 (C) 6 (D) 2
Ans. (C)
Sol. Let P(x) = 5x4 + 4x3 + 3x2 + Mx + N
let Q(x) = x2 + 1
if the quotient is Q
then P(x) = Q(x2 + 1)
if x = i then P(i) = 0
if x = – i then P(– i) = 0
hence 5 – 4i – 3 + Mi + N = 0
hence N + Mi = – 2 + 4i
N = – 2; M=4
M – N = 6 Ans.
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Q.6 In the quadratic equation x2 + (p + iq) x + 3i = 0, p & q are real. If the sum of the squares of the roots
is 8 then
(A) p = 3, q = 1 (B) p = –3, q = –1 (C) p = ± 3, q = ± 1 (D) p = 3, q = 1
Ans. (C)
Sol. = –(p + iq); = 3i
Given: 2 + 2 = 8
( + )2 – 2 = 8
(p + iq)2 – 6i = 8
p2 – q2 + i(2pq – 6) = 8 p2 – q2 = 8 and pq = 3
p = 3 & q = 1 or p = –3 and q =1
Q.7 The complex number z satisfying z + | z | = 1 + 7i then the value of | z |2 equals
(A) 625 (B) 169 (C) 49 (D) 25
Ans. (A)
Sol. z = x + iy
x + iy + x 2 y 2 = 1 + 7i
x+ x 2 y2 = 1 ... (1)
and y=7 ... (2)
x+ x 2 49 = 1
x2 + 49 = 1 + x2 – 2x
2x = – 48
x = – 24
| z |2 = x2 + y2 = 625 Ans.
25
Q.8 The figure formed by four points 1 + 0 i ; 1 + 0 i ; 3 + 4 i & on the argand plane is :
3 4i
(A) a parallelogram but not a rectangle (B) a trapezium which is not equilateral
(C) a cyclic quadrilateral (D) none of these
Ans. (C)
Sol. ; Note that opposite angles are supplementary
Q.9 If z = (3 + 7i) (p + iq) where p, q I – {0}, is purely imaginary then minimum value of | z |2 is
3364
(A) 0 (B) 58 (C) (D) 3364
3
Ans. (D)
Sol. z = (3p – 7q) + i(3q + 7p)
for purely imaginary 3p = 7q p = 7 or q = 3 (for least value)
|z| = |3 + 7i| |p + iq| |z|2 = 58(p2 + q2) = 58[72 + 9] = 582
Q.10 Number of values of z (real or complex) simultaneously satisfying the system of equations
1 + z + z2 + z3 + .......... + z17 = 0 and 1 + z + z2 + z3 + .......... + z13 = 0 is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
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Ans. (A)
Sol. 1 – z18 = 0 ; 1 – z14 = 0
z14 = 1 or z18 = 1
since one is extraneous root z = – 1 is the common root.
x 3 y3
Q.11 If + = i where x, y R then
3i 3i
(A) x = 2 & y = – 8 (B) x = – 2 & y = 8 (C) x = – 2 & y = – 6 (D) x = 2 & y = 8
Ans. (B)
x 3 y3
Sol. i
3 i 3i
(x 3)(3 i) (y 3)(3 i) i(3 i)(3 i)
(3x xi 9 3i) (3y yi 9 3i) i(9 i 2 )
3x xi 9 3i 3y yi 9 3i i(9 1)
(3x 3y 18) ( x y)i 10i
Compasing rea; and imaginary parts, we get
3x 3y 18 0
3x 3y 18
x y 6 .....(i)
x y 10 .....(ii)
Adding (i) & (ii) we get x y x y 6 10
2y 16
16
y 8
2
y8
Put y = 8 in (2) we get x 8 10
x 10 8 2
x 2
Hence x 2, y 8
Q.12 Number of complex numbers z satisfying z 3 z is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 5
Ans. (D)
Sol. z = 0 ; z = ± 1 ; z = ± i ;
z3 = z | z |3 = | z | = | z |
note that zn = | z | has n + 2 solutions
hence | z | = 0 or | z |2 = 1
again z4 = z z = | z |2 = 1 z4 = 1 total number of roots are 5
n
Note that the equation z = z will have (n + 2) solutions.
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Q.13 If x = 91/3 91/9 91/27 ......ad inf
y = 41/3 4–1/9 41/27 ...... ad inf and z= (1 + i) – r
then , the argument of the complex number w = x + yz is r 1
2 2 2
(A) 0 (B) – tan–1 3 (C) – tan–1 3 (D) – tan–1
3
Ans. (C)
1
3
1 1 1 1 1
..... 1
Sol. x = 93 9 27 =9 3 = 92 = 3
1
3
1 1 1 1 1
..... 1
y = 43 9 27 =4 3 = 44 = 2
1
1 1
1 1 i 1 i
z= (1 i) r =
1 i
+
(1 i ) 2 +
(1 i ) 3 + ....... =
1 i
r 1
1
1 i
2
Let = x + yz = 3 – 2 i (4th quad.) Arg = – tan–1 3
Q.14 Let z = 9 + bi where b is non zero real and i2 = – 1. If the imaginary part of z2 and z3 are equal, then b2
equals
(A) 261 (B) 225 (C) 125 (D) 361
Ans. (B)
Sol. z2 = 81 – b2 + 18bi
z3 = 729 + 243bi – 27b2 – b3i
hence 243b – b3 = 18b and
243 – b2 = 18
b2 = 225 Ans.
One or more than one is/are correct:
Q.15 If the expression (1 + ir)3 is of the form of s(1 + i) for some real 's' where 'r' is also real and i = 1 ,
then the value of 'r' can be
5
(A) cot (B) sec (C) tan (D) tan
8 12 12
Ans. (BCD)
Sol. We have (1 + ri)3 = s(1 + i)
1 + 3ri + 3r2i2 + r3i3 = s(1 + i)
1 – 3r2 + i(3r – r3) = s + si 1 – 3r2 = s = 3r – r3
Hence 1 – 3r2 = 3r – r3
r3 – 3r2 – 3r + 1 = 0 (r3 + 1) – 3r(r + 1) = 0 (r + 1)(r2 + 1 – r – 3r) = 0
r = – 1 or r2 – 4r + 1 = 0
4 16 4 42 3
r= = r = 2 3 or 2 3 B, C, D
2 2
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DPP. NO.-2
Q.1 The digram shows several numbers in the complex plane. The circle is
the unit circle centered at the origin. One of these numbers is the reciprocal
of F, which is
(A) A (B) B
(C) C (D) D
Ans. (C)
Sol. Let F as a + bi, a, b R
where we see from the diagram that a, b > 0 and a2 + b2 > 1 (as F lies outside the unit circle)
1 a bi a b
Since = 2 2 = 2 2 – 2
i,
a bi a b a b a b2
(real part + ve and imaginary part – ve and both less than unity)
we see that the reciprocal of F is in IV quadrant, since the real part is positive and the imaginary part is
negative. Also, the magnitude of the reciprocal is
1 2 2
1
a ( b ) = <1
a 2 b2 a 2 b2
Thus the only possibility is point C.
1 iz
Q.2 If z = x + iy & = then = 1 implies that, in the complex plane :
zi
(A) z lies on the imaginary axis (B*) z lies on the real axis
(C) z lies on the unit circle (D) none
Ans. (B)
i (z i) zi
Sol. w= ; |w|= =1 |z+i|=|z–i|
z i z i
z lies on the perpendicular bisector of the segment joining (0, 1) and (0, – 1) which is x-axis
z lies on x-axis
Im (z) is real
Q.3 On the complex plane locus of a point z satisfying the inequality
2 | z – 1 | < 3 denotes
(A) region between the concentric circles of radii 3 and 1 centered at (1, 0)
(B) region between the concentric circles of radii 3 and 2 centered at (1, 0) excluding the inner and outer
boundaries.
(C) region between the concentric circles of radii 3 and 2 centered at (1, 0) including the inner and outer
boundaries.
(D) region between the concentric circles of radii 3 and 2 centered at (1, 0) including the inner boundary
and excluding the outer boundary.
Ans. (D)
Sol. We have
2 z 1 3
If z z0 r , where z = circle z0 = centre, r = radius
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z 1 2 and z 1 3
Here z. represent outer region as well as boundry of circle centred at (1, 0) and radius = 2 units
Z represent inner region of circle centred at (1, 0) and radius = 3
So, centre is same therfore they are concentric circle
So, our diagram will be
Q.4 The complex number z satisfies z + | z | = 2 + 8i. The value of | z | is
(A) 10 (B) 13 (C) 17 (D) 23
Ans. (C)
Sol. Let z = a + bi.
| z |2 = a2 + b2.
So, z + | z | = 2 + 8i
a + bi + a 2 b 2 = 2 + 8i
a+ a 2 b 2 = 2, b = 8
a+ a 2 64 = 2
a2 + 64 = (2 – a)2 = a2 – 4a + 4,
4a = – 60, a = – 15. Thus, a2 + b2 = 225 + 64 = 289
|z|= a 2 b2 = 289 = 17
Q.5 Let Z1 = (8 + i)sin + (7 + 4i)cos and Z2 = (1 + 8i)sin + (4 + 7i)cos are two complex
numbers. If Z1 · Z2 = a + ib where a, b R then the largest value of (a + b) R, is
(A) 75 (B) 100 (C) 125 (D) 130
Ans. (C)
Sol. Z1 = (8 sin + 7 cos ) + i (sin + 4 cos )
Z2 = (sin + 4 cos ) + i (8 sin + 4 cos )
Z x iy
hence Z1 y ix where x = (8 sin + 7 cos ) and y = (sin + 4 cos )
2
Z1 · Z2 = (xy – xy) + i(x2 + y2) = 0 + i(x2 + y2) = a + ib a = 0; b = x2 + y2
now, x2 + y2 = (8 sin + 7 cos )2 + (sin + 4 cos )2
= 65 sin2 + 65 cos2 + 120 sin · cos
= 65 + 60 sin 2
hence Z1 ·Z2 max = 125
Q.6 The locus of z, for arg z = – 3 is
(A) same as the locus of z for arg z = 2 3
(B) same as the locus of z for arg z = 3
(C) the part of the straight line 3 x y = 0 with (y < 0, x > 0)
(D) the part of the straight line 3 x y = 0 with (y > 0, x < 0)
Ans. (C)
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Sol.
Q.7 If z1 & z1 represent adjacent vertices of a regular polygon of n sides with centre at the origin & if
Im z1
2 1 then the value of n is equal to :
Re z1
(A) 8 (B) 12 (C) 16 (D) 24
Ans. (A)
y
Sol. = tan = 2 1 = tan
x 2 8
360
= = = 45º n = = 8
2 8 45
y
if = 2 3 n = 12
x
Q.8 If z1, z2 are two complex numbers & a, b are two real numbers then, az1 bz 2 2 bz1 az 2 2 =
(A) (a b)2 z1 z 2 2 2
(B) (a b) z1 z 2
2 2
(C) a 2 b 2 z 1
2
z2
2
(D) a 2 b 2 z 1
2
z2
2
Ans. (D)
2 2 2
Sol. az1 bz 2 az1 bz1 2 Re(az1bz 2 )
2 2 2 2
a z1 b z 2 2ab Re(z1z 2 )
Similarly,
2 2 2
bz1 bz 2 bz1 bz 2 2 Re(bz1az 2 )
2 2 2 2
b z1 a z 2 2ab Re(z1z 2 ) (2)
Adding,
2 2
az1 bz 2 bz1 az 2
2 2 2 2
a 2 z1 b 2 z 2 b 2 z1 a 2 z 2
a 2 b 2 z1 z 2 2 2
Q.9 The value of e CiS(i) CiS(i) is equal to
1
(A) 0 (B) 1 – e (C) e – (D) e2 – 1
e
Ans. (D)
Sol. using CiS = ei
i 2 i 2
E = e e e = e[e – e–1] = e2 – 1
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x
Q.10 All real numbers x which satisfy the inequality 1 4i 2 5 where i = 1 , x R are
(A) [ 2 , ) (B) (– , 2] (C) [0, ) (D) [–2, 0]
Ans. (A)
Sol. (1 – 2–x)2 + 16 25 ; (1 – 2–x) + 32 0 ; (4 – 2–x) (– 2 – 2–x) 0
(2–x – 4) (2–x + 2) 0
1 i
6 6
1 i 6
1 i
Q.11 For Z1 = ; Z2 = ; Z3 = which of the following holds good?
1 i 3 3 i 3 i
2 3
(A) | Z1 | (B) | Z1 |4 + | Z2 |4 = | Z3 |–8
2
(C) | Z1 |3 | Z 2 |3 | Z3 |6 (D) | Z1 |4 | Z2 |4 | Z3 |8
Ans. (B)
1 1
6 1
1 i 6 2
12
Sol. | z1 | = = =2
1 i 3 2
1 1
|||ly | z2 | = 2 12 ; | z3 | = 2 12 hence the result
Q.12 Number of real or purely imaginary solution of the equation, z3 + i z 1 = 0 is :
(A) zero (B) one (C) two (D) three
Ans. (A)
Sol. Let x be the real solution .
x3 1 + x i = 0 x3 1 = 0 & x = 0 which is not possible
note that the equation has no purely imaginary root as well.
Q.13 A point 'z' moves on the curve z 4 3 i = 2 in an argand plane. The maximum and minimum values
of z are :
(A) 2, 1 (B) 6, 5 (C) 4, 3 (D) 7, 3
Ans. (D)
Sol. | (x – 4) + i (y – 3) | = 2
circle with centre (4, 3) and radius 2 ;
Hence OC = 5
| z |max = 5 + 2 = 7
| z |min = 5 – 2 = 3
Q.14 If z is a complex number satisfying the equation | z + i | + | z – i | = 8, on the complex plane then
maximum value of | z | is
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8
Ans. (B)
Sol. If | z + i | + | z – i | = 8, (0, 4)
(0, 1)
P(z)
PF1 + PF2 = 8 O (0, –1)
| z |max = 4
(0, –4)
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DPP. NO.-3
Q.1 If z1 & z2 are two non-zero complex numbers such that z1 + z2 = z1 + z2, then Arg z1 Arg z2
is equal to:
(A) (B) /2 (C) 0 (D) /2
Ans. (C)
Sol. |z1 + z2| = |z| + |z2|
r1 cos 1 r2 cos 2 i r1 sin 1 r2 sin 2 = r1 + r2
r12 r22 2r1 r2 cos( 1 2 ) = r1 + r2
This is possible only if 1 = 2
0, z1 and z2 are collinear with z1 and z2 on the same side of the origin
Arg z1 = Arg z2
Q.2 Let Z be a complex number satisfying the equation
(Z3 + 3)2 = – 16 then | Z | has the value equal to
(A) 51/2 (B) 51/3 (C) 52/3 (D) 5
Ans. (B)
Sol. (Z3 + 3)2 = 16i2
Z3 + 3 = 4i or – 4i
Z3 = – 3 + 4i or – 3 – 4i
| Z |3 = | – 3 + 4i | = 5
| Z |3 = 5 | Z | = 51/3
Q.3 Let i = 1 . Define a sequence of complex number by z1 = 0, zn + 1 = z 2n + i for n 1. In the complex
plane, how far from the origin is z111?
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 110
Ans. (B)
Sol. z3, z7, z11, z15.......... z111 will have the same value = – 1 + i result
i.e. periodicity with period 4
Q.4 The points representing the complex number z for which | z + 5 |2 – | z – 5 |2= 10 lie on
(A) a straight line (B) a circle
(C) a parabola (D) the bisector of the line joining (5 , 0) & ( 5 , 0)
Ans. (A)
Sol. (z + 5) ( z 5) – (z – 5) ( z 5) = 10 or 5 ( z z ) + 25 + 5 ( z z ) – 25 = 10
1
2 · 2x = 2 x = (A)
2
1 3 i
Q.5 If x = then the value of the expression, y = x4 – x2 + 6x – 4, equals
2
(A) – 1 + 2 3 i (B) 2 – 2 3 i (C) 2 + 2 3 i (D) none
Ans. (A)
1 3 i
Sol. x = = – 2
2
y = 8 – 4 – 62 – 4 = 2 – – 62 – 4 = 52 – – 4
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1 i 3
= 1 2
4 2
3 = + 4
2 – 3 = 2(1 – i 3 ) – 3 = – 1 + 2 3 i Ans.
zero
Q.6 Consider two complex numbers and as
2 2
a bi a bi z 1
= + , where a, b R and = , where | z | = 1, then
a bi a bi z 1
(A) Both and are purely real (B) Both and are purely imaginary
(C) is purely real and is purely imaginary (D) is purely real and is purely imaginary
Ans. (C)
Sol. Note that = is real
z 1 z 1 (z 1)( z 1) (z 1)( z 1) 2 zz 2
and + = + = = =0
z 1 z 1 (z 1)( z 1) Dr
as z z = |z|2 = 1 (given)
Q.7 Let Z is complex satisfying the equation
z2 – (3 + i)z + m + 2i = 0, where m R. Suppose the equation has a real root.
The additive inverse of non real root, is
(A) 1 – i (B) 1 + i (C) – 1 – i (D) –2
Ans. (C)
Sol. Let be the real root
2 – (3 + i) + m + 2i = 0
(2 – 3 + m) + i(2 – ) = 0
=2 (real root)
4–6+m=0m=2
Product of the roots = 2(1 + i) with one root as 2
non real root = 1 + i, addivitve inverse is – 1 – i
Q.8 The minimum value of 1 + z + 1 z where z is a complex number is :
(A) 2 (B) 3/2 (C) 1 (D) 0
Ans. (A)
Sol. distance of z (1,0) & (–1, 0), will be minimum with z is at 'O'
y | z | + 1 + | z | + 1 = 2 + 2 | z | = 2 where z = 0
334 365
1 i 3 1 i 3
Q.9 If i = 1 , then 4 + 5 + 3 is equal to
2 2 2 2
(A) 1 i 3 (B) 1 + i 3 (C) i 3 (D) i 3
Ans. (C)
334 365
1 i 3 1 i 3
Sol. 4 + 5 3
2 2 2
2
4 + 5 (w)334 + 3 (w)365
= 4 + 5 + 32
= 1 + 2 + 3(1 + + 2)
= 1 + (–1 + i 3 ) = i 3
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Q.10 Let | z – 5 + 12 i | 1 and the least and greatest values of | z | are m and n and if l be the least positive
x 2 24 x 1
value of (x > 0), then l is
x
mn
(A) (B) m + n (C) m (D) n
2
Ans. (B)
Sol. | z |least = 13 – 1 = 12 = m; | z |greatest = 13 + 1 = 14 = n
1
also l = x + + 24 ; l = 26; Hence l = m + n
x
z 1 i 2
Q.11 The system of equations where z is a complex number has :
Re z 1
(A) no solution (B) exactly one solution
(C) two distinct solutions (D) infinite solution
Ans. (B)
Sol. z = 1 + i only satisfies both
Q.12 Let C1 and C2 are concentric circles of radius 1 and 8/3 respectively having centre at (3, 0) on the
| z 3 |2 2
argand plane. If the complex number z satisfies the inequality, log1/3 > 1 then :
11| z 3 | 2
(A) z lies outside C1 but inside C2 (B) z lies inside of both C1 and C2
(C) z lies outside both of C1 and C2 (D) none of these
Ans. (A)
Sol. note that 11 | z – 3 | – 2 > 0
2
z3 2 1
< ; put | z – 3 | = t (3t – 8) (t – 1) < 0 1 < | z – 3| < 8/3
11 z 3 2 3
z lies between the two concentric circles
Q.13 Identify the incorrect statement.
(A) no non zero complex number z satisfies the equation, z = 4 z
(B) z = z implies that z is purely real
(C) z = z implies that z is purely imaginary
(D) if z1, z2 are the roots of the quadratic equation az2 + bz + c = 0 such that Im (z1 z2) 0 then a, b, c
must be real numbers .
Ans. (D)
Sol. (D) If Im (z1 z2) 0 z1 and z2 are not conjugates of each other. A quadratic equation having complex
roots will have real co-efficients if and only if the roots are conjugates of each other False
Q.14 The equation of the radical axis of the two circles represented by the equations,
z 2 = 3 and z 2 3 i = 4 on the complex plane is :
(A) 3y + 1 = 0 (B) 3y 1 = 0 (C) 2y 1 = 0 (D) none
Ans. (B)
Sol. z x iy
z2 3 z 2 3i 4
x iy 2 3 x iy 2 3i 4
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(x 2) iy 3 (x 2) i(y 3 4
(x 2) 2 y 2 3 (x 2) 2 (y 3) 2 4
(x 2) 2 y 2 9 (x 0) 2 (y 3) 2 16
S1 : x 2 y 2 4x 5 0 S2 : x 2 y 2 4x 6y 3 0
S2 S1 0
x 2 y 2 4x 6y 3 x 2 y 2 4x 5 0
6y 2 0
3y 1 0
Q.15 If z1 = 3 + 5i ; z2 = – 5 – 3i and z is a complex number lying on the line segment joining z1 & z2 then
arg z can be :
3 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 4 6 6
Ans. (D)
5
Sol. tan = >
3 4
3
tan = <
5 4
A/B/C cannot be the answer
Q.16 Given z = f(x) + i g(x) where f, g : ( 0, 1) (0, 1) are real valued functions then, which of the following
holds good?
1 1 1 1
(A) z = + i (B) z = +i
1 ix 1 ix 1 ix 1 ix
1 1 1 1
(C) z = +i (D) z = +i
1 ix 1 ix 1 ix 1 ix
Ans. (B)
1 x 1 x
Sol. Choice A on simplification gives, z= 2
i
1 x 1 x2
for x = 0.5; f(0.5) > 1 which is out of range A is not correct
1 x 1 x
Choice B ; z= 2
i
1 x 1 x2
f(x) & g(x) (0, 1) if x (0, 1) B is correct
1 x 1 x
Choice C; z = 2
i C is not correct;
1 x 1 x2
1 x 1 x
Choice D; z = 2
i D is not correct
1 x 1 x2
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
a b
Q.17 z1 = ; z2 = ; z3 = a – bi for a, b R
1 i 2i
if z1 – z2 = 1 then the centroid of the triangle formed by the points z1 , z2 , z3 in the argand’s plane is
given by
1 1 1 1
(A) (1 + 7i) (B) ( 1 + 7i) (C) (1 – 3i) (D) (1 – 3i)
9 3 3 9
Ans. (A)
a b
Sol. z1 , z2 , z 3 a ib
1 i 2i
z1 z 2 1
a b
1
1 i 2 i
a(2 i) b(1 i)
1
(1 i)(2 i)
2a ai b bi 2 2i i i 2
(2a b) i(a b) 3 i [i 2 1]
Comparing real and imaginary parts
2a b 3 ....(i)
a b 1 .....(ii)
Solving (i) and (ii)
2a b 3
3a 2
a
3
Plugging in (ii)
2
b 1
3
5
3
Hence
a 1 i
z1
1 i 1 i
2(1 i)
3(1 i 2 )
2(1 i) (1 i)
3(2) 3
b 2i
z2
2i 2i
5(2 i)
3(4 i 2 )
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5(2 i) (2 i)
3(5) 3
2 5
z3 i
3 3
2 5i
3 3
1
Centeroid of triangle z1 z 2 z 3
3
1 1 i 2 i 2 5i
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
1 1 7i
3 3 3
1
1 7i
9
Q.18 Consider the equation 10z2 – 3iz – k = 0, where z is a complex variable and i2 = – 1. Which of the
following statements is True?
(A) For all real positive numbers k, both roots are pure imaginary.
(B) For negative real numbers k, both roots are pure imaginary.
(C) For all pure imaginary numbers k, both roots are real and irrational.
(D) For all complex numbers k, neither root is real.
Ans. (B)
3i 9 40k
Sol. Use the quadratic formula to obtain z =
20
which has discriminant D = – 9 + 40k. If k = 1, then D = 31, so (A) is false.
If k is a negative real number, then D is a negative real number, so (B) is true. 2 1
1 1
If k = i, then D = – 9 + 40i = 16 + 40i + 25i2 = (4 + 5i)2, and the roots are + i and – – i,
5 5 5 10
so (C) is false. 3
If k = 0 (which is a complex number), then the roots are 0 and i, so (D) is false. ]
10
z z
Q.19 Number of complex numbers z such that | z | = 1 and = 1 is
z z
(A) 4 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) more than 8
Ans. (C)
Sol. Let z = cos x + i sin x, x [0, 2). Then
z z | z2 z2 |
1= = = | cos 2x + i sin 2x + cos 2x – i sin 2x | = 2 | cos 2x |
z z | z |2
hence cos 2x = 1/2 or cos 2x = – 1/2
If cos 2x = 1/2, then
5 7 11
x1 = , x2 = , x3 = , x4 =
6 6 6 6
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
1
If cos 2x = – , then
2 Alternatively :
2 4 5
x5 = , x6 = , x7 = , x8 = 1
3 3 3 3 | z | 1 z
z
Hence there are eight solutions
z z
zk = cos xk + i sin xk, k = 1, 2, ....., 8 hence 1; z ei
z z
e i 2 e – i 2 1
| 2 cos 2 | 1
1 1
cos 2 or
2 2
Q.20 Number of ordered pairs(s) (a, b) of real numbers such that (a + ib)2008 = a – ib holds good, is
(A) 2008 (B) 2009 (C) 2010 (D) 1
Ans. (C)
Sol. Let z = a + ib z a ib
hence we have z2008 = z
| z |2008 = | z | | z |
| z | | z |2007 1 = 0
| z | = 0 or | z | = 1; if | z | = 0 z=0 (0, 0)
if | z | = 1 z 2009 = z z = | z |2 = 1 2009 values of z Total = 2010
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
DPP. NO.- 4
Q.1 Consider az2 + bz + c = 0, where a, b, c R and 4ac > b2.
(i) If z1 and z2 are the roots of the equation given above, then which of the following complex numbers is
purely real?
(A) z1z 2 (B) z1z 2 (C) z1 – z2 (D) (z1 – z2)i
Ans. (D)
Sol. (i) As a, b, c are real number and b2 – 4ac < 0
z1 and z2 are complex conjugates of each other
z1 – z2 = 2 Im.(z1)i (z2 – z1)i is purely real (D)
OA
(ii) In the argand's plane, if A is the point representing z1, B is the point representing z2 and z = then
OB
(A) z is purely real (B) z is purely imaginary
(C) | z | = 1 (D) AOB is a scalene triangle.
Ans. (C)
Sol. (ii) As z1 and z2 are the complex conjugate of each other | z1 | = | z2 |
OA OA z1
|z|= 1
OB OB z2
Q.2 Let z be a complex number having the argument , 0 < < /2 and satisfying the equality z 3i =
6
3. Then cot is equal to :
z
(A) 1 (B) 1 (C) i (D) i
Ans. (C)
Sol. z = r (cos + i sin ) now r = OA sin = 6 sin
6 1
z = 6 sin (cos + i sin ) = sin (cos i sin )
z
cos i sin 6
= = i + cot cot = i C ]
sin z
1
Q.3 If the complex number z satisfies the condition z 3, then the least value of z is equal to :
z
(A) 5/3 (B) 8/3 (C) 11/3 (D) none of these
Ans. (B)
1 1
Sol. z |z|–
z |z|
1 1 8
z 3–
z least 3 3
Q.4 Given zp = cos P + i sin P , then nLim (z z z .... zn) =
1 2 3
2 2
(A) 1 (B) 1 (C) i (D) – i
Ans. (B)
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
i i i
p 2
Sol. zp = e2 ; z1 = e2 ; z2 = e2 and so on .....
1 1 1 1
i 2 3 ................ n
2 2 2 2
Lim z1z2 ...........zn = Lim e
n n
1/ 2
= ei = ei = cos + i sin = –1
1 1 / 2
Q.5 The maximum & minimum values of z + 1 when z + 3 3 are :
(A) (5 , 0) (B) (6 , 0) (C) (7 , 1) (D) (5 , 1)
Ans. (A)
Sol. z + 3 3 denotes set of points
on or inside a circle with centre ( 3, 0) and
radius 3 . z + 1 denotes the distance of P
from A of z + 1min = 0 &
z + 1max = AD
Q.6 If z3 + (3 + 2i) z + (–1 + ia) = 0 has one real root, then the value of 'a' lies in the interval (a R)
(A) (– 2, – 1) (B) (– 1, 0) (C) (0, 1) (D) (1, 2)
Ans. (B)
Sol. Let z = be a real root
3 + (3 + 2i) + (–1 + ia) = 0
(3 + 3 – 1) + i(a + 2) = 0
3 + 3 – 1 = 0 and = – a/2
a3 3a
– – –1=0
8 2
a3 + 12a + 8 = 0
Let f (a) = a3 + 12a + 8
f (–1) < 0 and f (0) > 0
hence a (–1, 0)
Q.7 If x = a + bi is a complex number such that x2 = 3 + 4i and x3 = 2 + 11i where i = 1 , then (a + b)
equal to
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 5
Ans. (B)
x3 2 11i 3 4i 6 (33 8)i 44i 2 (6 44) 25i 50 25i
Sol. x= 2 = × = 2 = = =2+i
x 3 4i 3 4i 9 16i 9 16 25
2
Q.8 If Arg (z + a) = and Arg (z – a) = ; a R , then
6 3
(A) z is independent of a (B) | a | = | z + a |
(C) z = a Cis (D) z = a Cis
6 3
Ans. (D)
Sol. Refer the figure z lies on the point of intersection of the rays from A and B. ACB is a right angle and
OBC is an equilateral triangle
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
OC = a z = a Cis (D)
3
Q.9 If z1, z2, z3 are the vertices of the ABC on the complex plane which are also the roots of the equation,
z3 3 z2 + 3 z + x = 0, then the condition for the ABC to be equilateral triangle is
(A) 2 = (B) = 2 (C) 2 = 3 (D) = 32
Ans. (A)
Sol. z1 + z2 + z3 = 3 z1z2 = 3
If ABC is equilateral z12 z 22 z 32 = z1z2 + z2z3 + z3z1
(z1 + z2 + z3)2 = 3z1z2
92 = 3·3 = 92 =
Q.10 The locus represented by the equation, z 1 + z + 1 = 2 is :
(A) an ellipse with focii (1 , 0) ; ( 1 , 0)
(B) one of the family of circles passing through the points of intersection of the circles z 1 = 1 and
z + 1 = 1
(C) the radical axis of the circles z 1 = 1 and z + 1 = 1
(D) the portion of the real axis between the points (1 , 0) ; ( 1 , 0) including both.
Ans. (D)
Sol. Note that |z – 1| + |z + 1| denotes the sum of the distances of P from F1 and F2
since |z1 + 1| + |z1 – 1| = 2
hence locus will not be the ellipse
Q.11 The points z1 = 3 + 3 i and z2 = 2 3 + 6i are given on a complex plane. The complex number lying
on the bisector of the angle formed by the vectors z1 and z2 is :
(A) z =
3 2 3 32
i (B) z = 5 + 5i
2 2
(C) z = 1 i (D) none
Ans. (B)
1
Sol. Note that z1 = 3 + 3 i lies on the line y = x & z2 = 2 3 + 6 i lies on the line y = 3 x. Hence
3
z = 5+5i
will only lie on the bisector of z1 & z2 i.e. y = x
Q.12 Let z1 & z2 be non zero complex numbers satisfying the equation, z12 2 z1z2 + 2 z22 = 0. The
geometrical nature of the triangle whose vertices are the origin and the points representing z1 & z2 is :
(A) an isosceles right angled triangle
(B) a right angled triangle which is not isosceles
(C) an equilateral triangle
(D) an isosceles triangle which is not right angled .
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
Ans. (A)
z1
Sol. = z z2 2 z + 2 = 0 z=1±i
z2
z1
= 1 ± i z1 = z2 ± z2 i z1 z2 = ± z2 i
z2
z1 z2 is perpendicular to z2 and z1 z2 = z2]
Q.13 Let P denotes a complex number z on the Argand's plane, and Q denotes a complex number
2 | z |2 CiS 4 where = amp z. If 'O' is the origin, then the OPQ is :
(A) isosceles but not right angled (B) right angled but not isosceles
(C) right isosceles (D) equilateral .
Ans. (C)
Sol. ZP = r Cis ; ZQ = 2 zCis = 2 r cos i sin
4 4 4
2 r 2 r 2 x2 3r 2 x 2
cos = =
4 2. 2 r.r 2 2 r2
3 r2 x2
1 = r2 = x2 x = r
2 r2
Q.14 On the Argand plane point ' A ' denotes a complex number z1. A triangle
OBQ is made directily similiar to the triangle OAM, where OM = 1 as
shown in the figure. If the point B denotes the complex number z2, then
the complex number corresponding to the point ' Q ' is
z1
(A) z1 z2 (B)
z2
z2 z z2
(C) (D) 1
z1 z2
Ans. (C)
z2 z i z1
Sol. e .....(1); 1 ei ....(2)
| z2 | |z| | z1 |
substitute the value of ei from (2) in (1)
z z |z | z z z z
2 · 1 2 1 ; z= 2
| z | | z 2 | z1 | z | | z 2 z1 | z1
Q.15 z1 & z2 are two distinct points in an argand plane. If a z1 = b z 2 , (where a, b R) then the point
a z1 bz
+ 2 is a point on the :
b z2 a z1
(A) line segment [ 2, 2 ] of the real axis (B) line segment [ 2, 2 ] of the imaginary axis
(C) unit circle z = 1 (D) the line with arg z = tan 1 2 .
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
Ans. (A)
Sol. Assuming arg z1 = and arg z2 = + .
a z1 bz a z1 e i b z 2 e i ( )
+ 2 = + = e i + e i = 2 cos
b z2 a z1 b z 2 e i ( ) a z1 e i
1 bz 2az1 | az1 | a | z1 | 1
Alternatively: Let = bz ; az ; Also | | = | bz | = b | z | = 1 =
2 1 2 2
1
+ = = 2 Re.() = 2 cos
Q.16 When the polynomial 5x3 + Mx + N is divided by x2 + x + 1 the remainder is 0. The value of
(M + N) is equal to
(A) – 3 (B) 5 (C) – 5 (D) 15
Ans. (C)
Sol. Let f (x) = 5x3 + Mx + N, also x2 + x + 1 = (x – )(x – 2)
f () = 5 + M + N = 0
f(2) = 5 + M2 + N = 0
M = 0; N = – 5 M + N = – 5 Ans.
1 i i
Q.17
4
If z = (1 + i) then | z | equals
4 i 1 i amp z
(A) 1 (B) (C) 3 (D) 4
Ans. (D)
4 4
2( 1)
Sol. z = 2 cos i sin = – 2 cos i sin = – 2
2 4 4 2 4 4 i i
(1 ) ( 1) 1
Alternatively: z= (1 + i)4 ; z= (1 + i)4 ·
4 i i 2 i
z1
|z|= · 4 = 2; amp.(z) = 0 + 4· – 4
2 4 2 amp. (z)
Q.18
3
3
3 35 / 6 i is an integer where i = 1 . The value of the integer is equal to
(A) 24 (B) – 24 (C) – 22 (D) – 21
Ans. (B)
3
Sol. [31/3(1 + 3i )]3
= 3 1 3 i
3
= 3 · 8 cos i sin = – 24 Ans.
3 3
One ore more than one is/are correct:
Q.19 If z C, which of the following relation(s) represents a circle on an Argand diagram?
(A) | z – 1 | + | z + 1 | = 3 (B) (z – 3 + i) z 3 i = 5
(C) 3| z – 2 + i | = 7 (D) | z – 3 | = 2
Ans. (BCD)
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
Sol. (A) is obviously ellipse
(B) (z – ) z = 5 where = 3 – i ; 3 i
| z – |2 = 5 | z – | = 5 circle with centre (3, – 1) and radius = 5 (B) is correct
7 7
(C) | z – (2 – i) | = circle with centre (2, – 1) and radius = (C) is correct
3 3
(D) |z–3|=2 circle with centre (3, 0) and radius = 2 (D) is correct]
Q.20 Let z1, z2, z3 be three complex number such that
z12 z 22 z 32
| z1 | = | z2 | = | z3 | = 1 and 1 0
z 2 z 3 z1z 3 z1z 2
then | z1 + z2 + z3 | can take the value equal to
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
Ans. (AB)
1
Sol. Given | z1 | = | z2 | = | z3 | = 1 z1 = z etc.
1
z12 z 22 z 32
also 1 0 (z1)3 + (z2)3 + (z3)3 + z1z2z3 = 0
z 2z3 z1z 3 z1z 2
(z1)3 + (z2)3 + (z3)3 – 3z1z2z3 = – 4z1z2z3
(z1 + z2 + z3)[(z1)2 + (z2)2 + (z3)2 – z1z 2 ] = – 4z1z2z3
z1 z1
2
3 z1z 2 = – 4z1z2z3
let z1 + z2 + z3 = z z1 z 2 z 3 z
z z 2 3 z1z 2 = – 4z1z2z3
z3 = 3z z1z 2 – 4z1z2z3
1 1 1
z3 = z1z2z3 3z z z z 4 = z1z2z3 3z z1 z 2 z3 4
1 2 3
z3 = z1z2z3 3 | z |2 4
2
| z |3 = 3 z 4 ....(1)
2
now if | z |
3
then | z | = 3| z |2 – 4
3 | z |3 – 3| z |2 + 4 = 0
| z |2 | z | 2 | z | | z | 2 2| z | 2 0 | z | 2 | z |2 | z | 2 0
| z | 2| z | 2| z | 1 0 |z|=2 or | z | = – 1 (rejected)
2
now if 0 < | z | < then equation (1) becomes
3
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
| z |3 = 4 – 3| z |2 | z |3 + 3| z |2 – 4 = 0
| z |2 | z | 1 4 | z | | z | 1 4| z | 1 0 | z | 1 | z |2 4 | z | 4 0
| z | 1| z | 22 0 |z|=+1 or | z | = – 2 (rejected)
hence | z | = {1, 2} where | z | = | z1 + z2 + z3 | A, B
NOTE: z1 = 1; z2 = i and z3 = – i
and z1 =1; z2 = – w and z3 = w2
also gives the result
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
DPP. NO.- 5
Q.1 A root of unity is a complex number that is a solution to the equation, zn = 1 for some positive integer n.
Number of roots of unity that are also the roots of the equation z2 + az + b = 0, for some integer a and
b is
(A) 6 (B) 8 (C) 9 (D) 10
Ans. (B)
Sol. Let is a non real complex root of unity that is also a root of the equation z2 + az + b = 0, then will
also be its root. (| | = 1)
Hence = – a
| a | = | | | | + | | = 2
and b = = 1
Hence we must check those equation for which – 2 a 2 and b = 1
i.e. z2 + 2z + 1 = 0; z2 + z + 1 = 0; z2 + 1 = 0
2
z – 2z + 1 = 0; z2 – z + 1 = 0
1 3 1 3
hence roots are ± 1, ± i ; , i.e. 8 Ans.
2 2
1 1
Q.2 z is a complex number such that z + = 2 cos 3°, then the value of z2000 + 2000 + 1 is equal to
z z
(A) 0 (B) – 1 (C) 3 1 (D) 1 – 3
Ans. (A)
1
Sol. Let z = cos + i sin = = ei; = cos – i sin= e–i
z
1
so that z + = 2 cos ( = 3°)
z
1
now z2000 + 2000 +1
z
ei 2000 + e – i 2000 + 1 = 2 cos(2000 ) + 1 = 2 cos (6000°) + 1 (as = 3°)
100 4
= 2 cos + 1 = 2cos + 1 = – 1 + 1 = 0 Ans.
3 3
Q.3 The complex number satisfying the equation 3 = 8i and lying in the second quadrant on the complex
plane is
3 1
(A) – 3 +i (B) – + i
2
(C) – 2 3 + i (D) – 3 + 2i
2
Ans. (A)
13
2n 2n
Sol. = 2 · i1/3 = 2 cos i sin = 2 cos 2 i sin 2
2 2
3 3
5 5
put n = 1 = 2 cos i sin = – 3 + i Ans.
6 6
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
Q.4 If z4 + 1 = 3 i
(A) z3 is purely real (B) z represents the vertices of a square of side 21/4
(C) z9 is purely imaginary (D) z represents the vertices of a square of side 23/4.
Ans. (D)
2 2
Sol. z4 = – 1 + 3 i = 2 cos 3 i sin 3
z4 = 2w2 A, C are not possible
1 4 1 4 2 2
root are z1 = 2 cos i sin ; z2 = 2 cos i sin etc.
6 6 3 3
a= 3/2 1/2 3/4
21 2 21 2 = (2 ) = 2 (D) ]
25
Q.5 The complex number z satisfies the condition z = 24 . The maximum distance from the origin
z
of co-ordinates to the point z is :
(A) 25 (B) 30 (C) 32 (D) none of these
Ans. (A)
Sol.
Q.6 If the expression x2m + xm + 1 is divisible by x2 + x + 1, then :
(A) m is any odd integer (B) m is divisible by 3
(C) m is not divisible by 3 (D) none of these
Ans. (C)
Sol. x2m + xm + 1 div. by x2 + x + 1 i.e. (x – ) (x – 2)
2m + m + 1 must be equal to zero
1m + m + (2)m = 0 m is not divisible by 3
Q.7 If z1 = 2 + 3 i , z2 = 3 – 2 i and z3 = – 1 – 2 3 i then which of the following is true?
z3 z 3 z1 z3 z2
(A) arg z = arg z z
(B) arg z = arg z
2 2 1 2 1
z3 z 3 z1 z3 1 z 3 z1
(C) arg z = 2 arg z z (D) arg z = arg z z
2 2 1 2 2 2 1
Ans. (C)
Sol. Note that | z1 | = | z2 | = | z3 | = 13
Hence z1, z2 , z3 lies on a circle with centre (0, 0)
and r = 13 as shown
z2 z 2 z1
now Arg z = 2Arg z z
3 3 1
z3 z 3 z1
Arg z = 2Arg z z (C)
2 2 1
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
Q.8 If m and n are the smallest positive integers satisfying the relation
m n
2Cis 4Cis , then (m + n) has the value equal to
6 4
(A) 120 (B) 96 (C*) 72 (D) 60
Ans. (C)
m m n n
Sol. 2m – 2n · cos i sin = cos i sin
6 6 4 4
for equality m = 2n
n m
= + 2k kI
4 6
put m = 2n
n n n
= + 2k; – = 2k (ignore (–)ve sign)
4 3 12
n = 24k; m = 48k; for m, n to be smallest m + n = 72 Ans.
Q.9 If z is a complex number satisfying the equation
Z6 + Z3 + 1 = 0.
If this equation has a root rei with 90° < < 180° then the value of '' is
(A) 100° (B) 110° (C) 160° (D) 170°
Ans. (C)
Sol. Let Z3 = t
hence equation becomes
t2 + t + 1 = 0 t = or 2
2
2 2 2 m i
3
Z3 = cos + i sin = e
3 3
2
2 m
3
i
Z= e 3
8
put m = 1 to get = (90°, 180°) = 160° Ans.
9
Q.10 Least positive argument of the 4th root of the complex number 2 i 12 is
(A) 6 (B) 5 12 (C) 7 12 (D) 11 12
Ans. (B)
1 3
Sol. z4 = 2 1 3 i = 4 2 2 i = 4 cos i sin
3 3
2m ( 3) 2m ( 3)
z= 2 cos i sin
4 4
5 5
m = 1, z = 2 cos i sin
12 12
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
Q.11 P(z) is the point moving in the Argand's plane satisfying arg(z – 1) – arg(z + i) = then, P is
(A) a real number, hence lies on the real axis.
(B) an imaginary number, hence lies on the imaginary axis.
(C) a point on the hypotenuse of the right angled triangle OAB formed by O (0, 0); A (1, 0);
B (0, – 1).
(D) a point on an arc of the circle passing through A (1, 0); B (0, – 1).
Ans. (C)
z 1 z 1
Sol. amp. = is real z moves on the lines joining (0, – 1) and (1, 0)
z 1 z 1
Q.12 Number of ordered pair(s) (z, ) of the complex numbers z and satisfying the system of equations,
z3 + 7 = 0 and z5 . 11 = 1 is :
(A) 7 (B) 5 (C) 3 (D) 2
Ans. (D)
Sol. (i, i) and ( i, –i)
3 7 7 15 35
(z3) = – ( ) 7 ) z = = or z = (1)
5 11 15 33
again z5 . 11 = 1 z . = 1 or z =1 –– (2)
from (1) and (2) |z| = || = 1
1
again ( )35 = ( ) 2 = 1 ( ) 2 = 1 = i2
33
= i or i = i or i
Q.13 If p = a + b + c2; q = b + c + a2 and r = c + a + b2 where a, b, c 0 and is the complex
cube root of unity, then :
(A) p + q + r = a + b + c (B) p2 + q2 + r2 = a2 + b2 + c2
(C) p2 + q2 + r2 = 2(pq + qr + rp) (D) none of these
Ans. (C)
Sol. p + q + r = a + b + c2
b + c + a2
c + a + b2
––––––––––––––––––––––––––
hence p + q + r = (a + b + c) (1 + + 2) = 0 ....(1)
2
(p + q + r) = 0
1 1 1
p2 + q2 + r2 = –2pqr
p q r
1 1 1
= –2pqr 2
2
2
a b c b c a c a b
1 1 1
= –2pqr 2 2
2 2
a b c b c a c a b
2pqr 1 1 1
= =0 ....(2) hence p2 + q2 + r2 = 2(pq + qr + rp)
a b c
2 2
1
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
A B
Q.14 If A and B be two complex numbers satisfying = 1. Then the two points represented by A and
B A
B and the origin form the vertices of
(A) an equilateral triangle
(B) an isosceles triangle which is not equilateral
(C) an isosceles triangle which is not right angled
(D) a right angled triangle
Ans. (A)
Sol. A2 – AB + B2 = 0
A 1
Let = z; z 1 hence z2 – z + 1 = 0 z = –or –2
B z
A = – B or A = – B2 |A| = |B|
2
and amp (A) – amp (B) = amp (– ) = amp (– 1) + amp () = + ]
3
Q.15 On the complex plane triangles OAP & OQR are similiar and l (OA) = 1.
If the points P and Q denotes the complex numbers z1 & z2 then the
complex number ' z ' denoted by the point R is given by :
z1
(A) z1 z2 (B)
z2
z2 z z2
(C) (D) 1
z1 z2
Ans. (A)
OR OP
Sol. = OR · OA = OQ · OP
OQ OA
or OR = z 2 z1 (OA = 1)
Also ROA = ROQ + QOA = + (say arg of z2)
= + = arg z1 + arg z2 = arg (z1 z2)
Hence complex number corresponding to the point R is z1 z2
z z 2 i
Alternatively: = | z | e ....(1)
|z| 2
z1
i
| z1 | = 1 · e ....(2)
z z 2 i z1
· ei = | z | e · | z |
|z| 2 1
z z1z 2
= z = z1z2 (A)
| z | | z1z 2 |
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
Paragraph for question nos. 16 to 18
4z 5i
For the complex number w =
2z 1
Q.16 The locus of z, when w is a real number other than 2, is
(A) a point circle
5 5
(B) a straight line with slope – and y-intercept
2 4
5 5
(C) a straight line with slope and y-intercept
2 4
(D) a straight line passing through the origin
Ans. (C)
Sol.
Q.17 The locus of z, when w is a purely imaginary number is
1 5
(A) a circle with centre , passing through origin.
2 4
1 5
(B) a circle with centre , passing through origin.
4 8
1 5 29
(C) a circle with centre , and radius
4 8 8
(D) any other circle
Ans. (B)
Sol.
Q.18 The locus of z, when | w | = 1 is
5 1 1
(A) a circle with centre , and radius
8 4 2
1 5 1
(B) a circle with centre , and radius
4 8 2
5 1 1
(C) a circle with centre , and radius
8 4 2
(D) any other circle
Ans. (D)
4z 5i
Sol. (i) w= (w z)
2z 1
if w is real then w w
4 z 5i 4z 5i
w
2z
1 2z
1
w w
( 4 z 5i) ( 2z 1) ( 4z 5i) ( 2 z 1)
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
8z z 4 z 10z i 5i 8z z 4z 10 z i 5i
4( z z ) 10i ( z z ) 10i 0
8iy 20i x 10i 0
4y – 10x – 5 = 0 10x – 4y + 5 = 0
(ii) If w is purely imaginary then
ww 0
4z 5i 4 z 5i
0
2z 1 2 z 1
(4 z 5i) ( 2z 1) ( 4z 5i) ( 2 z 1) 0
simplifying 16z z 4(z z ) 10 i(z z) 0
16( x 2 y 2 ) 8x 20 y 0
x 5
x 2 y2 y0 ]
2 4
Paragraph of questions nos. 19 to 21
z 1
Consider the two complex numbers z and w such that w = = a + bi, where a, b R.
z2
Q.19 If z = CiS then, which of the following does hold good?
1 5a 9b
(A) cos = (B) sin =
1 4a 1 4a
(C) (1 + 5a) + (3b)2 = (1 – 4a)2
2 (D) All of these
Ans. (C)
Sol.
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
DPP. NO.- 6
Q.1 If the six solutions of x6 = – 64 are written in the form a + bi, where a and b are real, then the product of
those solutions with a > 0, is
(A) 4 (B) 8 (C) 16 (D) 64
Ans. (A)
Sol. Use De Moivre's theorem get the product of roots with + ve real part
(2m 1) (2m 1)
z = 2(–1)1/6 = 2 cos i sin
6 6
put m = 0 or m = 5 for positive real part to get
z1z2 = 4ei/6 · e(11/6)iz6 = 4e2i = 4
Q.2 Number of imaginary complex numbers satisfying the equation, z2 = z 21|z| is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 3
Ans. (C)
Sol. z2 = z ·21|z|
z3 = | z |2 21 | z | ....(1) | z | = 21 | z |
hence z3 is purely +ve real (as z 0) z is + ve real
2 k
i
hence z = r e 3
k = 0, 1, 2
we therefore need to solve
2
r = 21 – r 2r = r=1
r
2 k
i
z= e 3
hence z = 1, , 2
but 1 is not imaginary
hence z = w or w2 (C)
z1 z 2
Q.3 If z1 & z2 are two complex numbers & if arg = but z1 z 2 z1 z 2 then the figure
z1 z 2 2
formed by the points represented by 0, z1, z2 & z1 + z2 is :
(A) a parallelogram but not a rectangle or a rhombous
(B) a rectangle but not a square
(C) a rhombous but not a square
(D) a square
Ans. (C)
Sol.
Q.4 If zn = cos + i sin , then Limit
n
(z1 . z2 . z3 . ...... zn) =
(2n 1) (2n 3) (2n 1) (2n 3)
5 5 3 3
(A) cos + i sin (B) cos + i sin (C) cos + i sin (D) cos + i sin
3 3 6 6 6 6 2 2
Ans. (B)
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
i 1 1
2 2 n 1 2 n 3
Sol. zn = e
i 1 1 1 1 1 1
........
2 3 5 5 7 2 n 1 2 n 3 i 1 1 i
zn e =e
2 3 2 n 3
= e6 as n (B)
n 1
Q.5 The straight line (1 + 2i)z + (2i – 1) z = 10i on the complex plane, has intercept on the imaginary axis
equal to
5 5
(A) 5 (B) (C) – (D) – 5
2 2
Ans. (A)
Sol. put z = iy (1 + 2i) iy – (2i – 1) i y = 10 i
2y + 0 y = 10 y=5
Note: For x-intercept put z = x + 0i x = 5/2
Alternatively: put z z = 0 z z (1 + 2i)z – z(2i – 1) = 10i
2z = 10i z = 5i ; y=5
Q.6 If cos + i sin is a root of the equation xn + a1xn 1 + a2xn 2 + ...... + an 1x + an = 0 then the value
n
of a r cos r equals (where all coefficient are real)
r 1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 1 (D) none
Ans. (C)
Sol. Divide the equation by xn and put x = cos + i sin .
Equate real and imaginary part
Q.7 Let A(z1) and B(z2) represent two complex numbers on the complex plane. Suppose the complex slope
z z
of the line joining A and B is defined as 1 2 . Then the lines l1 with complex slope 1 and l2 with
z1 z 2
complex slope 2 on the complex plane will be perpendicular to each other if
(A) 1 + 2 = 0 (B) 1 – 2 = 0 (C) 12 = –1 (D) 1 2 = 1
Ans. (A)
Sol. l1 is perpendicular to l2
z1 z 2
is purely imaginary
z3 z 4
z1 z 2 z1 z 2
z3 z 4 + z z = 0
3 4
z1 z 2 z3 z 4
z1 z 2 + z z =0 1 + 2 = 0
3 4
Note: If l1 parallel to l2 then
z1 z 2 z1 z 2
= z z 1 = 2
z3 z 4 3 4
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
Q.8 If the equation, z4 + a1z3 + a2z2 + a3z + a4 = 0, where a1, a2, a3, a4 are real coefficients different from
a3 a a
zero has a pure imaginary root then the expression + 1 4 has the value equal to:
a1 a 2 a2 a3
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D) 2
Ans. (B)
Sol. Let x i be the root where x 0 and x R (as if x = 0 satisfies then a4 = 0 which contradicts)
x4 a1 x3 i a2 x2 + a3 x i + a4 = 0
x4 a2 x2 + a4 = 0 ....(1) and
a1 x3 a3 x = 0 ....(2)
From equation (2) : a1 x a3 = 0 x2 = a3/a1 .(as x 0)
2
Putting the value of x2 in equation .....(1)
a 23 a a a3 a a
2
2 3 + a4 = 0 or a 32 a 4a12 = a1 a2 a3 or + 1 4 = 1 (dividing by a1a2a3)
a1 a1 a1 a 2 a2 a3
Q.9 Suppose A is a complex number & n N, such that An = (A + 1)n = 1, then the least value of n is
(A) 3 (B) 6 (C) 9 (D) 12
Ans. (B)
Sol. Let A = x + iy ; A = 1 x2 + y2 = 1 and
1 3
A + 1 = 1 (x + 1)2 + y2 = 1 x = – and y = ± (A) = or 2
2 2
()n = (1 +)n = (2)n n must be even and divisible by 3
Alternatively :
1 i 3 1 i 3
A= ; A+ 1 =
2 2
and n argA = n arg(A+1) = arg1 = 2n
argA = arg (A+1) = 2
now let OQ = A+1 and OP = A
O P & OQ vectors must be turned a minimum
number of times to coincide with positive x axis 6
Q.10 Intercept made by the circle z z + z + z + r = 0 on the real axis on complex plane, is
(A) ( ) r (B) ( ) 2 2r (C) ( ) 2 r (D) ( ) 2 4r
Ans. (D)
Sol. Points where the circle cuts the x-axis z = z .
Hence substituting z z in the equation of circle
z2 z z r 0
z 2 ( ) z r 0
AB = | z1 – z2 | = ( z1 z 2 ) 2 4z1z 2 = ( ) 2 4r (D)
Alternatively: put z = x and z x to get x2 + x + x + r = 0 which is the same equation
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
50 50
1
Q.11 If Zr ; r = 1, 2, 3,..., 50 are the roots of the equation (Z)r = 0, then the value of is
r0 r 1 Zr 1
(A) 85 (B) 25 (C) 25 (D) 75
Ans. (B)
1 1 1
Sol. E= ..... , where z1, z2,...., z50 are the roots of the equation z51 1 = 0 other
z1 1 z 2 1 z 50 1
than 1.
1 1 1 1 1 1
= 25 + ......
2 z1 1 2 z 2 1 2 z 50 1
Note that (1st + last) and (2nd + 2nd last) will vanish using zr = zr and z51 = 1
Alternatively: Let 1 + z + z2 + ...... + z50 = (z – z1)(z – z2)(z – z50)
differentiate both sides w.r.t. z after taking logarithm on both the sides.
1 2z 3z 2 .... 50z 49 1 1 1
= ......
1 z z 2 ..... z 50 z z1 z z 2 z z 50 . Now put z = 1
50 ·51 1 1 1
we get, 2 ·51 = – ......
z1 1 z 2 1 z 50 1
1
z 1 = – 25 Ans.
r
Q.12 All roots of the equation, (1 + z)6 + z6 = 0 :
(A) lie on a unit circle with centre at the origin
(B) lie on a unit circle with centre at (- 1, 0)
(C) lie on the vertices of a regular polygon with centre at the origin
(D) are collinear
Ans. (D)
1 2r 1
Sol. z= 1 i cot , r = 1, 2, 3,4, 5
2 12
Q.13 If z & w are two complex numbers simultaneously satisfying the equations,
z3 + w5 = 0 and z2 . w 4 = 1 , then :
(A) z and w both are purely real (B) z is purely real and w is purely imaginary
(C) w is purely real and z is purely imaginarly (D) z and w both are imaginary .
Ans. (A)
3 5 6 10
Sol. z3 = 5 z = z = ....(1) [Ans. (1, –1) or (–1, 1)]
1 2 1 6 1
and z2 = z = 4
z = 12 ....(2)
4
From (1) & (2) = 1 & z = 1 z z = = 1
Again z6 = 10 (3) and z6 . 12 = 1
1
z6 = 12
= 10 (from 3) 10 2 = 1 2 = 1
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
= 1 or 1 = 1 or 1
if = 1 then z + 1 = 0 and z2 = 1 z = 1
3
if = 1 then z3 1 = 0 and z2 = 1 z = 1
Hence z = 1 & = 1 or z = 1 & = 1
Q.14 A function f is defined by f (z) = (4 + i)z2 + z + for all complex numbers z, where and are
complex numbers. If f (1) and f (i) are both real then the smallest possible value of | | + | | equals
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 2 (D) 2 2
Ans. (B)
Sol. Let = a + ib and = c + id
where a, b, c, d R. We have to minimise a 2 b 2 c 2 d 2
now f (z) = (4 + i)z2 + z(a + ib) + (c + id)
f (1) = 4 + i + a + ib + c + id is real
or (4 + a + c) + i(1 + b + d) is real
hence b + d + 1 = 0 .....(1)
f (i) = – (4 + i) + i(a + ib) + (c + id) is real
f (i) = – 4 – b + c + i(a + d – 1) is real
a+d=1 .....(2)
from (1) and (2) a–b=2 .....(3)
hence there is no restriction on 'c'. Let c = 0
hence | | + | | = a 2 b2 d 2
= 4 2ab | d | 4 2ab 2
with equality if d = 0; a = 1 and b = – 1
Q.15 Given f (z) = the real part of a complex number z. For example, f (3 – 4i) = 3. If a N, n N then the
6a
n
value of log 2 f 1 i 3 has the value equal to
n 1
(A) 18a2 + 9a (B) 18a2 + 7a (C) 18a2 – 3a (D) 18a2 – a
Ans. (D)
n
n n
Sol. 1 i 3 n
= 2 cos i sin
3 3
= 2n cos
3
i sin
3
n
n
f 1 i 3 = real part of z = 2n cos
3
6a 6a
n 6a (6a 1) (1 1 0 1 1 0)
n
log 2 2 n cos = n log 2 cos = +
n 1 3 n 1 3 2 a such term
= 3a(6a + 1) – 4a = 18a2 – a Ans.
Q.16 It is given that complex numbers z1 and z2 satisfy | z1 | = 2 and | z2 | = 3. If the included angle of their
z1 z 2 N
corresponding vectors is 60° then z z can be expressed as where N is natural number then
1 2 7
N equals
(A) 126 (B) 119 (C) 133 (D) 19
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
Ans. (C)
Sol. Using cosine rule
|z1 + z2| = | z1 |2 | z 2 |2 2 | z1 | | z 2 | cos 120
= 4 9 2 ·3 = 19
z2
and |z1 – z2| = | z1 |2 | z 2 |2 2 | z1 | | z1 | cos 60 B C
= 496 = |z1+z2|
7 | z2 |
z1 z 2 19 133 60° |z1–z2|
A
z1 z 2 = 7
=
7
N = 133 Ans.
O | z1 | z1
Q.17 Let f (x) = x3 + ax2 + bx + c be a cubic polynomial with real coefficients and all real roots. Also
| f (i) | = 1 where i 1
Statement-1: All 3 roots of f (x) = 0 are zero
because
Statement-2: a + b + c = 0
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is correct explanation for statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true and statement-2 is NOT the correct explanation for statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true.
Ans. (B)
Sol. Let x1, x2, x3 R be the roots of f (x) = 0
f (x) = (x – x1)(x – x2)(x – x3)
f (i) = (i – x1)(i – x2)(i – x3)
| f (i) | = | x1 – i | | x2 – i | | x3 – i | = 1
x12 1 x 22 1 x 32 1 = 1
This is possible only if x1 = x2 = x3 = 0
f (x) = x3 a=0=b=c a+b+c=0*
Note: * all roots are zero
Q.18 All complex numbers 'z' which satisfy the relation z | z 1 | = z | z 1 | on the complex plane lie on
the
(A) line y = 0
(B) line x = 0
(C) circle x2 + y2 = 1
(D) line x = 0 or on a line segment joining (–1, 0) to (1, 0)
Ans. (D)
Sol. Given | z – |z + 1| |2 = | z + |z – 1| |2
z | z 1 | z | z 1 | = z | z 1 | z | z 1 |
z z z | z 1 | z | z 1 | | z 1 |2 = z z z | z 1 | z | z 1 | | z 1 | 2
| z 1 |2 | z 1 |2 ( z z )| z 1 | | z 1 |
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
(z 1)( z 1) (z 1)(z 1) (z z)| z 1 | | z 1 |
zz z z 1 zz z z 1 z z | z 1 | | z 1 |
2z z z z | z 1 | | z 1 |
A B
z z | z 1 | | z 1 | 2 0 (–1,0) z (1,0)
either z z 0 z is purely imaginary
z lies on y axis x=0
or |z + 1| + |z – 1| = 2
z lie on the line segment joining (–1, 0) and (1, 0) (D)
One ore more than one is/are correct:
Q.19 Let A and B be two distinct points denoting the complex numbers and respectively. A complex
number z lies between A and B where z , z . Which of the following relation(s) hold good?
(A) | – z | + | z – | = | – |
(B) a positive real number 't' such that z = (1 – t) + t
z z z z 1
(C) =0 (D) 1 =0
1
Ans. (ABCD)
P
Sol. AP + PB = AB A() (z) B()
| z – | + | – z | = | – | A is True
Now z = + t ( – )
= (1 – t) + t where t (0,1) B is True
z z z
again is real =
z z
= 0 Ans.
z z 1 z z 0
also 1 = 0 if and only if 1 =0
1 0
(z ) z
= 0 Ans.
Q.20 Equation of a straight line on the complex plane passing through a point P denoting the complex number
and perpendicular to the vector O P where 'O' in the origin can be written as
z z
(A) Im 0 (B) Re 0 (C) Re( z ) 0 (D) z z 2 | |2 0
Ans. (BD)
Sol. Required line is passing through P() and parallel to the vector O Q
hence z = + ia, R
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
z
= purely imaginary
z
Re 0 (B)
Re (z ) = 0 Rez | | = 0
z z
also 0
(z ) ( z ) 0
z z 2 | |2 0 (D)
Q.21 Which of the following represents a point on an argands' plane, equidistant from the roots of the equation
(z + 1)4 = 16z4?
1 1 2
(A) (0, 0) (B) , 0 (C) , 0 (D) 0,
3 3 5
Ans. (C)
4
z 1 z 1
Sol. = 16 = 2 or – 2 or i or – i (–1/5, +2/5) y
z z A
1 1 2 i 1 2 2/3
x
Roots are 1 ; – ; and i –1/3 O 1/3, 0 (1, 0)
3 5 5 5 5
B
1 1 (–1/5, –2/5)
Note that , 0 and (1, 0) are equidistant from , 0
3 3
and since it lies on the perpendicular bisector of AB, it will
be equidistant from A and B also.
Alternatively: | z + 1| = 2 | z |
(z + 1) ( z 1) = 4 (z z ) .....(1)
This is the equation of circle with centre (1/3, 0) which is equidistant from the root of the equation.]]
Q.22 If z is a complex number which simultaneously satisfies the equations
3 | z – 12 | = 5 |z – 8i | and | z – 4 | = | z – 8 | then the Im(z) can be
(A) 15 (B) 16 (C) 17 (D) 8
Ans. (CD)
Sol. Let z = x + iy
nd
from 2 equation x = 6
3 | (x – 12) + yi | = 5 | x + (y – 8)i |
9 [36 + y2 ] = 25 [ 36 + (y – 8)2 ] (substituting x = 6)
2 2
9 · 36 + 9y = 25 · 36 + 25[y + 64 – 16y]
16y2 – 25 · 16 y + 36 · 16 + 25 · 64 = 0
y2 – 25y + 36 + 100 = 0
y2 – 25y + 136 = 0
(y – 17)(y – 8) = 0
then y = 17 or y=8 (C), (D)
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
Q.23 Let z1, z2, z3 are the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle A1A2A3. Which of the following statements
are equivalent.
(A) A1A2A3 is an equilateral triangle.
(B) (z1 + z2 + 2z3)(z1 + 2z2 + z3) = 0, where is the cube root of unity.
z 2 z1 z3 z 2 1 1 1
(C) z z = z z z
(D) 1 z2 z3 = 0
3 2 1 3 z2 z3 z1
Ans. (ABCD)
Sol.
n 1
Q.24 If 1, 2, 3 , ......., n – 1 are the imaginary nth roots of unity then the product i r
r 1
(where i 1 ) can take the value equal to
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) i (D) (1 + i)
Ans. (ABCD)
zn 1
Sol. = (z – 1)(z – 2)...........(z – n – 1)
z 1
put z = i
0 if n 4k
n 1 in 1 1 if n 4k 1
i r = i 1 = 1 i if n 4k 2
r 1 i if n 4k 3
[MATCH THE COLUMN]
Q.25 Match the equation in z, in Column-I with the corresponding values of arg(z) in Column-II.
Column-I Column-II
(equations in z) (principal value of arg (z) )
(A) z2 – z + 1 = 0 (P) – 2 3
(B) z2 + z + 1 = 0 (Q) –3
(C) 2z2 + 1 + i 3 = 0 (R) 3
(D) 2z2 + 1 – i 3 = 0 (S) 2 3
Ans. ((A) Q, R; (B) P, S; (C) Q, S; (D) P, )
1 3i 1 i 3 1 i 3
Sol. (A) z= = or
2 2 2
amp z = or amp z = – Q, R
3 3
1 3 i 1 i 3 1 i 3
(B) z= = or
2 2 2
2 2
amp z = or – P, S
3 3
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1 i 3 2 2
(C) 2z2 = 1 i 3 z2 = = cos i sin
2 3 3
2m (2 3) 2m (2 3)
z = cos i sin
2 2
m = 0, z = cos i sin
3 3
2 2 2
m = 1, z = cos i sin amp z = – or Q, S
3 3 3 3
(D) 2z2 + 1 i 3 = 0
1 i 3 2 2
z2 = = cos i sin
2 3 3
2m (2 3) 2m (2 3)
z = cos i sin
2 2
m = 0, z = cos i sin
3 3
4 4 2 2
m = 1, cos i sin or cos i sin P, R
3 3 3 3
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ MCSIR Complex Numbers
Exercise # 1 Complex Numbers
Q.1 Simplify and express the result in the from of a + bi:
2
4i3 i 3 2i 3 2i
(a) –i(9 + 6i) (2 – i)i (b) (c)
2i 1 2 5i 2 5i
(2 i) 2 (2 i)2 2 2i 3 2i
(d) (e)
2i 2i 2 5i 2 5i
Sol. (a) – i(9 + 6i) (2 – i)–1
1 (2 i)
= – i (9 + 6i) ×
(2 i) (2 i)
(9 2 i15 6i 2 )
=–i
4 i2
(18 6 15i)
=–i
4 1
15 12i
=
5 5
2
4i3 i 4i i 2
(b)
2i 1 1 2i
2
5i 1 2i
=
1 2i 1 2i
2
5i 10i 2
= 2
1 (2i)
2
(10 5i)
= 2
1 4i
100 25i 2 100i
=
25
75 100i
= = 3 + i4 = 3 + 4i
25 25
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3 2i 3 2i (3 2i) (2 5i) (3 2i) (2 5i)
(c)
2 5i 2 5i (2 5i) (2 5i)
(6 19i 10) 6 19i 10
=
4 25i 2
8
= 0.i
29
(2 i) 2 (2 i) 2 (2 i)3 (2 i)3
(d)
2i 2i (2 i) (2 i)
23 i3 3.2.i(2 i) [23 i3 3.2.i(2 i)]
=
4 i2
i 12i 6 i3 12i 6i 2
=–
5
22i
=
5
(e) i i =
= 0 1.i 0 1.i
1 1
a i.b
2
a 2 b2 a i
2
a 2 b2 a
1 1
a i.b
2
a 2 b2 a i
2
a 2 b2 a
1 1
0 1.i
2
0 1 0 i
2 0 12 0
1 1
= ± i
2 2
1
=± (1 i)
2
1
0 1.i = ±
2
0 12 0 i
1
2 0 1 0
2
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1 1
= ± i
2 2
1
=± (1 – i)
2
1 1
Now, i i = ± (1 i) (1 i)
2 2
Case I Case II
1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i
i i i i
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 2i
Case III Case IV
1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i
i i i i
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
=– 2i =– 2
therefore i i 2 0.i or 0 2i
Q.2 Find the modulus, argument and the principal argument of the complex numbers.
10 10
(i) z = 1 + cos isin (ii) (tan 1 – i)2
9 9
5 12i 5 21o i 1
(iii) z = (iv)
5 12i 5 12i 2 2
i 1 cos sin
5 5
10 10
Sol. (i) z = 1 + cos isin
9 9
= 1 + cos i sin
9 9
8
= 1 + cos isin = –
9 9
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4 4 4
= 2cos 2 2i sin cos = – /9
9 9 9
= – 8/9
4 4 4
z 2cos cos i sin
9 9 9
4 4
modulus = |z| = 2 cos , principal arg. =
9 9
4
Argument = 2n –
9
5 12i 5 12i
(iii) z =
5 12i 5 12i
=
5 12i 5 12i
5 12i 5 12i
5 12i 5 12i 2 25 144
=
24i
10 2(13)
=
24i
Case I Case II
10 26 36 (i 2 ) 10 26 16 (i 2 )
z= z=
24i 24 i 24i 24 i
3 2
=– i =0+ i
2 3
3 2/3
prin. Arg(z) = – tan–1 / 0 prin. Arg. (z) = tan–1
2 0
=– =
2 2
modulus = |z| = 3/2 modulus (z) = 2/3
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(ii) z = (tan 1– i)2 = (tan2 1 – 1) – (2 tan 1)i
|z| = (tan 2 1 1) (2 tan1) 2 = (tan 2 1)2 1 2 tan 2 1 4 tan 2 1
= (tan 2 1 1)2
= sec2 1
modulus (z) = |z| = sec2 1
2 tan1 1 2 tan1
Arg (z) = tan–1 2 tan 2
tan 1 1 (| tan |)
= – + tan–1 (tan 2(1))
=2–
i 1 i 1
(iv) z =
2 2
i 1 cos sin i2sin 2 2sin cos
5 5 5 5 5
i 1
=
2sin cos i sin
5 5 5
3 3
2 cos i sin 3
1 i 4 4 cos ec / 5 i 4 5
= e
i / 5 i / 5 2
2sin e 2sin e
5 5
1 11
modulus z = |z| = cos ec Arg. = 2k +
2 5 20
3 11
principal arg. = , kI
4 5 20
Q.3 Given that x, y R, solve:
x y 5 6i
(a) (x + 2y) + i(2x – 3y) = 5 –4i (b)
1 2i 3 2i 8i 1
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Sol. (a) (x + 2y) + i(2x – 3y) = 5 – 4i
equating real and imaginary part of both sides.
x + 2y = 5 ...(1)
2x – 3y = – 4 ...(2)
multiplying equation (1) by 2 and substracting equation no. (2) from (1)
2x + 4y = 10
2x – 3y = – 4
– + +
7y = 14
or y 2
putting the value of y in equation (1),
x + 2y = 5
or x + 2(2) = 5
or x+4=5
or x 1
x y 5 6i
(b)
1 2i 3 2i 8i 1
x(1 2i) y(3 2i) (5 6i) (8i 1)
or 1 4i 2 13
(8i)2 1
x 2xi 3y 2yi 40i 5 48 6i
or
5 13 64 1
13x 26xi 15y 10yi 43 46i
or
65 65
(13x + 15y) – i (26x + 10y) = 43 – 46i
equating real & imaginary parts,
13x + 15y = 43 ...(1)
& –26x – 10y = – 46
or 26x + 10y = 46
or
13x + 5y = 23 ...(2)
13x + 15y = 43 ...(1)
13x + 5y = 23 ...(2)
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– – –
10y = 20
or y 2
y = 2 pulting in equation (1)
13x + 15(2) = 43
or 13x = 13
or x 1
(c) x2 – y2 – i(2x + y) = 2i
comparing real & imaginary prats
x2 – y2 = 0 ...(1)
or x = ± y ...(1)
and – (2x + y) = 2
or 2x + y = – 2 ...(2)
Case I Case II
when x = y when x = – y
then from equation (2) then from equation (2)
2x + y = – 2 2x + y = – 2
2y + y = – 2 –2y + y = – 2
2
or y –y=–2
3
or y 2
2
x 3
& x=–y=–2
y 2
3
x 2
&
y2
(d) (2 + 3i) x2 – (3 – 2i)y = 2x – 3y + 5i
or 2x2 + 3x2 i – 3y + i2y = (2x – 3y) + 5i
or (2x2 – 3y) + i(3x2 + 2y) = 2x – 3y + 5i
or 2x2 + i (3x2 + 2y) = 2x + 5i
comparing real & imaginary parts.
2x2 = 2x
or x2 = x
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or x (x – 1) = 0
or x 0, 1 ...(1)
and
3x2 + 2y = 5 ...(2)
when, x = 0 when, x = 1
then from equation (2) then from equation (2)
0 + 2y = 5 3(1)2 + 2y = 5
or y 5 3 + 2y = 5
2
or y 1
5
(x, y) = 0, or (1,1)
2
x2
(e) 4x2 + 3xy + (2xy – 3x2)i = 4y2 – + (3xy – 3y2)i
2
comparing real & imaginary parts.
x2
4x2 + 3xy = 4y2 –
2
x2
or 4x2 + – 4y2 + 3xy = 0 ...(1)
2
and 2xy – 3x2 = 3xy – 2y2
or 3x2 – 2y2 – xy = 0 ...(2)
on further solving equation ...(1)
9x2 – 8y2 + 6xy = 0 ...(1)
3x2 – 2y2 – xy = 0 ...(2)
from equation (2)
3x2 = 2y2 + xy
or 9x2 = 6y2 + 3xy ...(3)
Solving equation (1) & (3)
6y2 + 3xy – 8y2 + 6xy = 0
or
–2y2 + 9xy = 0
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or y(9x – 2y) = 0
9x
y = 0,
2
when y = 0 when,
then from equtaion (1), we get xR
9x
x=0 then y =
2
x = 0, y = 0
9k
Ans x k, y
2
where k R
Q.4 (a) Let Z is complex satisfying the equation, z2 – (3 + i)z + m + 2i = 0, where m R. Suppose the
equtaion has a real root, then find the value of m.
(b) a, b, c are real numbers in the polynomial, P(Z) = 2Z4 + aZ3 + bZ2 + cZ + 3
If two root of the equation P(Z) = 0 are 2 and i, then find the value of 'a'.
Sol. (a) z2 – (3 + i)z + m + 2i = 0
Let the real root of the equation be then
2 – (3 + i) + m + 2i = 0
2 – 3 + m + i(2 – ) = 0
now comparing real & imaginary prats of both sides.
(2 – ) = 0 and (2 – 3 + m) = 0
2 and 2 – 3 = – m
or m = 3 – 2
= 3(2) – (2)2
=6–4
m 2 Ans
(b) p(z) = 2z4 + az3 + bz2 + cz + 3 two roots of the equation p(z) = 0 are 2,
i – i will also be the third root of the equation p(z) = 0
let fourth root of the equation p(z) = 0 be t hen
coeff . of z3
sum of roots = –
coeff . of z 4
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a
2++i–i=–
2
a
or 2 ...(1)
2
constant term
multiplication of roots =
coeff . of z 4
3
2.(i). (–i). =
2
3 3
or 2 = or
2 4
pulting value of in equation ...(1)
3 a
+2=–
4 2
11
or a
2
method- (2)
p(2) 8a + 4b + 2c + 35 = 0 ...(1)
p(i) (5 – b) + i(c – a) = 0 ...(2)
5=b&c=a
11
from (1) & (2) a = –
2
Q.5 (a) Find the real values of x & y for which z1 = 9y2 – 4 – 10ix and
z2 = 8y2 – 20i are conjugate complex of each other.
(b) Find the value of x4 – x3 + x2 + 3x – 5 if x = 2 + 3i
Sol. (a) z1 = 9y2 – 4 – 10ix, z2 = 8y2 – 20i
z1 z2
or 9y2 – 4 – 10ix = 8y2 + 20i
or y2 – 4 – 10ix – 20i = 0
or (y2 – 4) – i (10x + 20) = 0 ...(1)
y2 – 4 = 0 10x + 20 = 0
or y = ± 2 x=–2
(x, y) = (–2, 2) or (–2, –2)
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(b) f(x) = x4 – x3 + x2 + 3x – 5
x = 2 + 3i
(x 2)2 2
or f(x) = x2 (x2 – 4x + 13) + 3x3 – 12x2 + 3x – 5 i
32
= 0 + 3x3 – 12x2 + 3x – 5 x2 + 4 – 4x = – 9
= 3x (x2 – 4x + 13) – 36x – 5 or x 4x 13 0
= 0 – 36x – 5
or f(2 + 3i) = – 36 (2 + 3i) – 5
= – 72 – 5 – 108i
= – 77 – 108 i
Q.6 Solve the following for z:
z2 – (3 –2i)z = (5i – 5)
Sol. z2 – (3 – 2i)z = (5i – 5)
or z2 – (3 – 2i)z – (5i – 5) = 0
(3 2i) (3 2i)2 4(5i 5)
or z =
2
(3 2i) 9 4 12i 20i 20
=
2
(3 2i) 8i 15
=
2
1 1
15 8i = ±
2
(15) 8
2 2
(15) i
2
(15)2 82 (15)
1 1
= ±
2
289 15 2
289 15
= ± (1 + i4)
3 2i (1 4i)
or z= z (2 i) and (1 3i)
2
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Q.7 (a) If iZ3 + Z2 – Z + i = 0, then show that |Z| = 1.
z1 2z 2
(b) Let z1 and z2 be two complex numbers such that 1 and |z2| 1, find |z1|.
2 z1 z2
z z1
(c) Let z1 = 10 + 6i & z2 = 4 + 6i If z is any complex number such that the argument of, z z is
4
, then prove that |z – 7 – 9i| = 3 2 .
4
Sol. (a) we have, iz3 + z2 – z + i = 0
dividing both sides by i
z3 – iz2 + iz + 1 = 0
or z3 – iz2 + iz – i2 = 0
or z2 (z – i) + i(z – i) = 0
or (z – i) (z2 + i) = 0
or z = i, or z2 = – i
Case - I Case - II
z=i z2 = – i
or |z| = |i| = 1 |z2| = |–i| = 1
or | z | 1 or |z|2 =1
or | z | 1
(c) we have z1 = 10 + 6i
and z2 = 4 + 6i
let z = x + iy then
z z1
arg
z z2 4
or arg (z – z1) – arg (z – z2) = /4
or arg [(x – 10) + i(y – 6)] – arg [(x – 4) + i (y – 6)] = /4
y6 1 y 6
or tan–1 tan
x 10 x4 4
y6 y6
x 10 x 4
or tan–1 y6 y6 4
1
x 10 x 4
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6(y 6)
or (x 10) (x 4) (y 6)2 = 1
or x2 + y2 – 14x – 12y + 76 = 6y – 36
or x2 + y2 – 14x – 18y + 112 = 0
or (x2 – 14x + 49) + (y2 – 18y + 81) = 18
or (x – 7)2 + (y – 9)2 = 18
or |(x – 7) + i (y – 9)|2 = (3 2) 2
or |z – (7 + 9i)| = 3 2
z1 2z 2
(b) 1 |z1 – 2z2|2 = | 2 z1z2 |2
2 z1z2
or |z1|2 + 2|z2|2 – 2 Re (z1 (2z2 )) 22 | z1 |2 | z2 |2 2 Re(2.z1z2 )
or |z1|2 + 4 |z2|2 – 4 Re (z1z 2 ) = 4 + |z1|2 |z2|2 – 4Re (z1z 2 )
|z1|2 + 4|z2|2 – 4 – |z1|2 |z2|2 = 0
(1 – |z2|2) (|z1|2 – 4) = 0
|z2| 1 (|z1|2 – 4) = 0
or |z1|2 = 4 \
or |z1| = 2 Ans
Q.8 Show that the product,
2 n
2
1 i 1 i 1 i 2 1 i 2
1 2 1 2 1 ...... 1 is equal to 1 1n
(1 i) where
2 2 22
n 2.
2 n
2 1 i 2 1 i 2
1 i 1 i
Sol. 1 2 1 2 1 ..... 1
2 2
1 i
let, x =
2
2 n
then given product = (1 + x) (1 + x2) (1 x 2 ) .... (1 x 2 )
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1 n
= [1 (x 2 )2 ]
(1 x)
1 n
= [1 (x 2 )2 ]
(1 x)
1 2
1 2
= 1 (1 i 2i)
1 i 4
1
2
n
2
2 i
= 1
(1 i) 2
2 (1 i) i 2
= 1 n
(1 i) (1 i) 22
n
2
= (1 + i) 1 i n
2
2
1
= 1 2 n
(1 i) n2
2
n
(i 2 1) hence proved.
Q.9 Let z1, z2 be complex numbers with |z1| = |z2| = 1, prove that |z1 + 1| + |z2 + 1| + |z1z2 + 1| 2
Sol. |z1| = |z2| = 1 (given)
z1 = |z1| ei1 ei1 & z2 = |z2| ei2 ei2
we have to prove
|z1 + 1| + |z2 + 1| + |z1z2 + 1| 2
(1 cos 1 )2 sin 2 1 (1 cos 2 )2 sin 2 2 [1 cos(1 2 )]2 sin 2 (1 2 ) 2
2 2cos 1 2 2cos 2 2 2cos(1 2 ) 2
2 2cos 2 1 2cos2 2 2cos2 1 2 2
2 2 2
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1 2
2 cos cos cos 1 2 2
2 2 2
this is true since
1 2 (1 2 )
cos 2 cos 2 cos 2 1
Q.10 Interpret the following locii in z C.
z 2i
(a) 1 < |z – 2i| < 3 (b) Re 4 (z 2i)
iz 2
(c) Arg (z + i) – Arg(z – i) = /2 (d) Arg (z – a) = /3 where a = 3 + 4i.
Sol. (c) Arg (z + i) – Arg (z – i) = /2
zi
Arg
z i 2
z i x i(y 1)
Arg Arg
z i x i(y 1)
Arg [x + i (y +1)] – Arg [x + i(y – 1)] =
2
(y 1) y 1
or tan–1 tan 1
x x 2
(y 1) (y 1)
x x
or tan–1 (y 1) (y 1)
1 . 2
x x
2
or 1 y 1 0
x2
or x2 + y2 – 1 = 0
or x 2 y 2 1
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(d) Arg (z – a) = a = 3 + 4i
3
Arg [(x – 3) + i(y – 4)] =
3
y4
tan–1 P(z)
x 3 3
Q(a)
y4
or tan
x 3 3
y – 4 = 3(x 3)
3x y43 3 0
Q.11 Let A = {a R| the equation (1 + 2i)x3 – 2(3 + i)x2 + (5 – 4i)x = 2a2 = 0}
has at least one real root. Find the value of a .
aA
2
Sol. A (1 + 2i)x3 – 2 (3 + i) x2 + (5 – 4i)x + 2a2 = 0
let the real root of equation be
then (1 + 2i) 3 – 2(3 + i) 2 + (5 – 4i) + 2a2 = 0
equating imaginary part zero
23 – 22 – 4 = 0
(22 – 2 – 4) = 0
or (2 – – 4) = 0
= 0 or 2 – – 2 = 0
2 – 2 – 2 = 0
( – 2) + 1( – 2) = 0
( +1) ( – 2) = 0
= – 1, 2
0, 1, 2
Now equating real part zero
3 – 6x2 + 5 + 22 = 0
for = 0 0 – 0 + 0 + 2a2 = 0 a0
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for = – 1 –1 – 6 – 5 + 2a2 = 0 a 6
for = 2 8 – 24 + 10 + 2a2 = 0 a 3
for = 0, –1, 2 we have the values of a are
a = 0, + 6, 6, 3, 3
Now we have to find value of a
aA
2
a
aA
2
= (0)2 + ( 6) 2 ( 6) 2 ( 3) 2 ( 3) 2
=0+6+6+3+3
= 18 Ans
Q.12 P is a point on the Aragand diagram. On the circle with OP as diameter two points Q & R are
taken such that POQ = QOR = . If 'O' is the origin & P, Q & R are represented by the
complex numbers Z1, Z2 & Z3 respectively, show that: Z22. cos 2 = Z1.Z3 cos2
Sol. OQ and OR are obtained by rotating OP in anti-dockwise sense through angles and 2
respectively
R(z3)
z
Therefore, z3 = 3 z1ei2 ...(1)
z1 Q(z2)
2
P(z1)
z2 O
and z2 = z1ei ...(2) (0,0)
z1
z3 i
and z3 = z z 2 e ...(3)
2
2
z 2
2 z1ei
z2 z1
Now z1z 3 z
z1. 3 z1ei2
z1
2
z2
z1
=
z3
z1
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| z 2 |2 | z1 |
=
| z1 |2 | z3 |
| z 2 |2
=
| z1 || z3 |
OQ2
=
OP.OR
2
OQ OP
=
OP OR
or z 22 (OQ / OP)2 ...(4)
z1z3 (OR / OP)
from diagram it is clearly seen that
OQ = OP cos
OQ cos ...(5)
Q
cos
OP OP
O P
similarly, OR ...(6)
cos 2
OP
from equations (4), (5) and (6), we have
z 22 cos 2
z1z3 cos 2
or z 22 cos 2 z1z3 cos 2 proved.
Q.13 Let z1,z2,z3 are three pair wise distinct complex complex numbers and t1, t2, t3 are non-negative
real numbers such that t1 + t2 + t3 = 1. Prove that the complex number z = t1z1 + t2z2 + t3z3 lies
inside a triangle with vetices z1, z2, z3 or on its boundry.
Sol. t1 + t2 + t3 = 1 (given) ...(1)
t 3z 3 t 2 z 2
m= t3 t 2 ...(2)
z1
(t 3 t 2 )M t1z1
I= t1 t 2 t 3 ...(3)
t z t z t3 t2
(t 3 t 2 ) 2 2 3 3 t1z1 I
or I = t 2 t3
t1 t 2 t 3 z2 z3
M
t1
(t1z1 t 2z 2 t 3z3 )
or I = I
1
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ MCSIR Complex Numbers
Q.14 Let A z1; B z2; C z3 are three complex numbers denoting the vertices of an acute angle
triangle. If the origin 'O' is the orthocentre of the triangle, then prove that
z1z2 z1z 2 2 z3 z2 z3 z3 z1 z3z1
hence show that the ABC is a right angled triangle z1 z2 z1z 2 z 2 z3 z2 z3 z3 z1 z3z1 0
Sol. (I part) If ABC is an acute
since AD BC
A
z z (z1)
arg 1
z 2 z3 2 E
O
(0, 0)
z1 0
or arg B D C
z 2 z3 2 (z2) (z3)
z1 0
therefore z z is purely imaginary..
2 3
z1 0
or we can ray that the real part of z z will be zero.
2 3
z1 0 z1 0
0
z 2 z3 z 2 z3
z1 z
or 0
z 2 z3 z2 z3
or z1 (z2 z3 ) z1 (z 2 z3 ) 0
or z1 z2 z1z 2 z1 z3 z1z3 ...(1)
similarly BE AC
and we get
z1z2 z1z2 z 2 z3 z2 z3 ...(2)
from equation (1) & (2)
z1z2 z1z 2 z 2 z3 z2 z3 z1z3 z1z3 ...(3) proved.
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II part
If ABC is right angle triangle.
let right angle is at vertex B then vertex B and orthocentre will coincide
z2 = 0
Now AB BC
z1 0
or ary
z3 0 2
z1
or z3 is purely imaginary
z1 z1
real part of z z 0
3 3
or z1z3 z1z 3 0 ...(4)
now from equation (3) and (4), we get
z1z3 z1z 3 z1z2 z1z 2 z 2 z3 z2 z3 0
Q.15 Let + i; R, be a root of the equation x3 + qx + r = 0; q, r R. Find a real cubic
equation, independent of & , whose one root is 2.
Sol. x3 + qx + r = 0 ...(1)
If + i is a root of equation (1) then another root of the equation will be – i.
coeff . of x 2
Let the third root of equation be then sum of roots of equation (1) = (–1)
coeff . of x 3
( + i) + ( – i) + y = 0
or 2 + y = 0
or y 2
so the roots of equation x3 + qx + r = 0 ...(1) are ( + i), ( – i), (–2)
x = – 2
or x 2
now we are putting x = – x in equtaion (1) then equation (1) becomes
–x3 – qx + r = 0
or x 3 qx r 0 one root of this equation is 2.
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Q.16 Find the sum of the series 1(2 – ) (2 – 2) + 2(3 – ) (3 – 2).....(n – 1) (n – ) (n – 2) where
is one of the imaginary cube root of unity.
Sol. We have to given that
Sn = 1 (2 – w) (2 – w2) + 2(3 – w) (3 – w2) +......+ (n – 1).(n – w) (n – w2)
n 1
or Sn
T
r 1
r
...(1)
where, Tr = r [(r + 1) – w] [(r + 1) – w2]
= r [(r + 1)2 – (r + 1) (w + w2) + w3]
As we know that (w w 2 ) 1 & w 3 1
or Tr = r [(r + 1)2 + 1 (r + 1) + 1]
= r [r2 + 1 + 2r + r + 1 + 1]
= r [r2 + 3r + 3]
Tr r 3 3r 2 3r ...(2)
n 1
now Sn = T r 1
r
on putting value of Tr from equation ...(2)
n 1
Sn = (r 3r
r 1
3 2
3r)
n 1 n 1 n 1
= r 3 r 3 r
r 1
3
r 1
2
r 1
2
(n 1) (n) (n 1)n{2(n 1) 1} 3(n 1)n
= 3
2 6 2
1
or Sn = (n – 1) (n) [(n – 1) n + 2 (2n – 1) + 6]
4
1
or Sn (n 1)n[n 2 3n 4] Ans
4
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Q.17 If A, B and C are the angles of a triangle
e 2iA eiC eiB
iC
D= e e 2iB eiA where i = 1
iB iA
e e e2iC
then find the value of D.
Sol. A+B+C=
e 2iA eiC eiB
iC
D= e e 2iB eiA
eiB eiA e2iC
= e–2iA [e–2i(B+C) – ei2A] – eiC (e–iC – ei(A+B)) + eiB (ei(A+C) – e–iB)]
= e–2i(A+B+C) – 1 – 1 + ei(A+B+C) + ei(A+B+C) – 1
= e–2i + 2ei – 3
= cos (–2) + i sin (–2) + 2 (cos + i sin ) – 3
=1+0 + 2(–1 + 0) – 3
or D 4
Q.18 If w is an imaginary cube root of unity then prove that:
(a) (1 – w + w2) (1 – w2 + w4) (1 – w4 + w8)..... to 2n factors = 22n.
(b) If w is a complex cube root of unity, find the value
(1 + w) (1 + w2) (1 + w4) (1 + w8).... to n factors.
Sol. (a) (1 – w + w2) (1 – w2 + w4) (1 – w4 + w8).... to 2n factors
= (1 – w + w2) (1 – w2 + w) (1 – w + w2) (1 – w2 + w).... to 2n factors
[ w4 = w, w8 = w2, w16 = w etc.]
= (–2w) (– 22) (–2w) (–2w2)....to 2n factors
= (22 w3) (22 w3)..... to n factors
= 22.22.... to n factors
= (22)n = 22n proved.
(b) (1 + w) (1 + w2) (1 + w4) (1 + w8)....... to n factors
= (1 + w) (1 + w)2 (1 + w) (1 + w2)..... to n factors
= (–w2) (–w) (–w2) (–w)......to n factors
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Case I
(0 1) (0 1).....to n factors
if n is even 1.1.1......to n factors Ans
1
Case II
(1.1.1...........to (n 1) factors) (1 w)
2
if in is odd 1 ( w) Ans
2
w
n
1 sin i cos n n
Q.19 Prove that = cos n i sin n . Hence deduce that
1 sin i cos 2 2
5 5
1 sin i cos i 1 sin i cos 0
5 5 5 5
n
n 1 cos i sin
1 sin i cos 2 2
Sol.
1 sin i cos 1 cos i sin
2 2
n
2
2cos 4 2 2isin 4 2 cos 4 2
=
2cos 2 2isin cos
4 2 4 2 4 2
n
cos 4 2 isin 4 2
=
cos isin
4 2 4 2
1 n
cos isin
4 2 4 2
= 1
cos isin
4 2 4 2
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2n
= cos isin
4 2 4 2
= cos 2n isin 2n
4 2 4 2
n n
= cos n i sin n proved.
2 2
we have to prove that
5 5
1 sin i cos i 1 sin i cos 0
5 5 5 5
5
dividing both sides by 1 sin i cos
5 5
5
1 sin 5 i cos 5
Now, we have, i 0
1 sin i cos
5 5
5
or cos 5. i sin 5. 5. i 0
2 5 2 5
1 sin i cos n n n
cos 2 n isin 2 n
1 sin i cos
5 5
or cos i sin i 0
2 2
3 3
or cos isin i 0
2
or cos i sin 1 0
2 2
or 0=0 proved.
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ MCSIR Complex Numbers
Q.20 If cos ( – ) + cos ( –) + cos(– ) = – 3/2 then prove that:
(a) cos 2 = 0 sin 2 (b) sin ( + ) = 0 = cos ( + )
(c) sin2 = cos2 = 3/2 (d) sin 3 = 3 sin ()
(e) cos 3 = 3 cos ()
(f) cos3 () + cos3() + cos3() = 3 cos (). cos (). cos () where R.
Sol. Given that
3
cos( ) cos( ) cos( ) ...(1)
2
let z1 = cos () + i sin () = |z1| ei
z2 = cos + i sin = |z2| ei
z3 = cos + i sin = |z3| ei
z1 z 2 z3 3
Re z z z 2 (given)
2 3 1
z1 z 2 z3
or 2Re 3
z 2 z3 z1
z z z z z z
or 1 2 3 1 2 3 3 ( z z 2 Re(z))
z 2 z3 z1 z 2 z3 z1
z1 z1 z 2 z2 z3 z3
or 3 ...(2)
z 2 z2 z3 z3 z1 z1
on solving further equation (2) we get
(z1 z2 z3 ) (z12 z 22 z 32 z1z 2 z 2 z 3 z 3z1 ) 0 ...(3)
(z1 z2 z3 ) 0 (from equation (3))
(cos + cos + cos ) –i(sin + sin + sin ) = 0
on comparing real and imaginary parts of both sides, we get
cos cos cos cos 0 ...(4)
and
sin sin sin sin 0 ...(5)
Now, we have to prove:-
(a) cos 2 = 0 = sin 2 A
1 1 1
z11 z 21 z31
z1 z 2 z3
= (cos + cos + cos ) – (sin + sin + sin )
= 0 – i.0
1 1 1 z 2 z3 z3z1 z1z 2
z z z 0 ...(6) z1z 2 z3
0
1 2 3
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2 2 2
(z1 + z2 + z3)2 = z1 z 2 z3 2(z1z 2 z 2 z3 z1z3 )
2 2 2
0 = z1 z 2 z3 2.(0)
or z12 z 22 z32 0 ...(8)
or (cos 2 i sin 2 ) (cos 2 sin 2) (cos 2 i sin 2 ) 0 ...(9)
or cos 2 = cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2 = 0 (Real part comparision)
or sin 2 = sin 2 + sin2 + sin 2 = 0 (imaghary part comparision)
Hence proved.
(d) and (e)
since z1 + z2 + z3 = 0 ...(10)
therefore, z13 z32 z33 3z1z 2z3 ...(11)
(cos 3 + cos 3 + cos 3) +i (sin 3 + sin3 + sin 3) = 3[cos () + i sin ()]
(d) cos 3 = cos 3 + cos 3 + cos 3 = 3 cos () (real part comparision)
(e) sin 3 = sin 3 + sin 3 + sin 3 = 3sin () (imaginary part comparision)
(b) from equation ...(7)
z1z2 + z2z3 + z3z1 = 0
or [cos () + i sin ()] = 0 ...(12)
or cos () = cos () + cos () + cos () = 0
sin () = sin () + sin () + sin () = 0
(Equated real & imaginary parts of equation no.)
(c) from equation no. (9), we have
cos 2 + cos 2 + cos 2 = 0 ...(13)
on putting cos 2 = 2 cos2 – 1
cos 2 = 2 cos2 – 1
and cos 2 = 2 cos2 – 1 in equation (13), we get
2 2 2
2 (cos + cos + cos ) – 3 = 0
2 2 2 2 3
or cos cos cos cos ...(14)
2
similarly
on putting cos 2 = 1 – 2 sin2
cos 2 = 1 – 2 sin2
cos 2 = 1 – 2 sin2 in equation (13) we get
3
sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 ...(15)
2
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ MCSIR Complex Numbers
Q.21 Resolve Z5 + 1 into linear & quadratic factors with real coefficients. Deduce that :
4. sin .cos 1.
10 5
Sol. z5 + 1 = 0
or z5 = – 1
or z = (–1)1/5
or z5 = 1 = cos + i sin
= cos (2r + ) + isin (2r) , r z
or z = [cos (2r + 1) + i sin (2r + 1)]1/5, r z
or z = [cos (2r + 1) /5 + i sin (2r + 1)/5], r = 0,1 , 2, 3,4
Now
r 0 z = cos + i sin
5 5
3 3
r 1 z = cos isin
5 5
r 2 z = cos + i sin = – 1
7 7 3 3
r 3 z = cos + i sin = cos 2 i sin 2
5 5 5 5
3 3
= cos i sin
5 5
9 9
r 3 z = cos + i sin = cos 2 i sin 2
5 5 5 5
= cos isin
5 5
the roots of z5 + 1 = 0 are
3 3
z = –1, cos i sin ,cos isin
5 5 5 5
3 3
or (z5 + 1) = (z + 1) z cos i sin
5 5 z cos 5 isin 5 z cos 5 i sin 5
3 3
z cos 5 isin 5
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2 2
(z5 1) 3 2 3
or (z 1) z cos 5 sin z cos sin
5 5
5
2 3
= z 2z cos 1 z 2z cos 5 1
5
2 2 3
or z4 – z3 + z2 – z + 1 = z 2z cos 1 z 2z cos 5 1
5
Diving both sides by z2, we get
2 1 1 1 1 3
z z 1 = z 2cos z z 2cos 5
z 5
z2 z
put z = 1,
3
1 = 2 1 cos 2 2 cos
5 5
3 2
cos 5 cos 5
3
or 1 = 4 1 cos 1 cos 2
5 5 cos
5
2
or 1 = 4 2sin 2 1 cos
10 5
1 = 4 2sin 2 2cos 2
10 5
taking square root
1 = 4 sin cos proved.
10 5
Q.22 If x = 1 + i 3 ; y = 1 – i 3 & z = 2, then prove that xp + yp = zp for every prime p > 3.
1 3 i / 3
Sol. x 1 i 3 2 2 cos i sin = 2e
2 2 3 3
1 3 i / 3
y 1 i 3 2 i 2 cos i sin = 2e
2 2 3 3
z = 2 = 2 [cos 0 + i sin 0) = 2ei.0. = 2
Now xp + yp = zp
p p
or 2 cos isin 2p cos i sin 2p
p
3 3 3 3
p p p p
or 2p cos isin cos isin 2p
3 3 3 3
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xp + yp = zp
2p(ei/3)p + 2p(e–i/3)p = 2p
2p [eip/3 + e–ip/3) = 1
p
2 cos 1
3
p 1
or cos hence this
3 2
5 1
if p 5 cos cos 2 cos
3 3 3 2
7 1
if p 7 cos cos 2 cos
3 3 3 2
11 1
if p 11 cos cos 4 cos
3 3 3 2
Q.23 Dividing f(z) by z – i, we get the remainder i and dividing it by z + i, we get the remainder 1 + i.
Find the remainder upon the division of f(z) by z2 + 1.
Sol. If f(x) be divided by (x – a). then the remainder is R
f(x) = (x – a) Q + R ...(1)
f(a) = O + R
Here f(z) is divided by z2 + 1 therefore remainder will be of first degree (say p z + q)
f (z) (z 2 1)Q (pz q)
f(i) = (–1 + 1) Q + pi + q = i
or f(i) = 0 + pi + q = i ...(2)
f(–i) = 0 + p(–i) + q = 1+ i ...(3)
solving equation (2) & (3)
1 1
p = i , q = i
2 2
remainder = pz + q
1 1
= iz i
2 2
z 1
= i i
2 2
Q.24 (a) Let z = z + iy be a complex number, where x and y are real numbers. Let A and B be the sets
defined by A = {z|z| 2} and B = {z |(1 – i)z + (1 + i) z 4|}. Find the area of region A B.
1
(b) For all real numbers x, let the mapping f(x) = , where i = 1 . If there exist real number
x i
a, b, c and d for which f(a), f(b), f(c) and f(d) form a square on the complex plane. Find the area
of the square.
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Sol. (a) z = x + iy
A = {z/ |z| 2} |z| 2
x 2 y 2
B (0,2)
x 2 y2 4
B = {z/(1 – i)z + (1 + i) z 4}
(0,0) A
(1 – i) (x + iy) + (1 + i) (x – iy) 4
O
or x + iy – ix + y + x – iy + ix + y 4
or 2x + 2y 4 (2,0)
or x y 2
Area of region A B
(2) 2 1
= 2 2
4 2
=–2
1 x i x 1
(b) f(x) = 2 = p + iq ...(1) where, p = 2 ...(2) q 2 ...(3)
x i x 1 x 1 x 1
p
or p = x.q x p / q putting x = in equation ...(3)
q
1 1
q= 2
q 2 p 2 q 2 q 0 ...(4)
x 1 p
1
q2
1 2 1 1
This equation represents a circle having centre 0, and radius r 0 2 0
2 2 2
1/ 2 d
a
1/ 2 O
1
c
b c
since radius is1/2 the hence, the given function
1
diameter is 1. f(x) = represents a circle
x i
diameter is equal to 1 four points a, b,c, d will be on circumference
the side of square will be 1/ 2 of the circle which are forming a square
2
1 1
Area = (side)2 = 2 Ans
2
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Q.25 Column-I Column-II
(A) Let w be a non real cube root of unity the the number of (P) 4
distinct elements in the set {(1 + w + w2 +.....wn)m |m, n N|} is
(B) Let 1, w, w2 be the cube root of unity. The least possible dgree (Q) 5
of a polynomila with real coefficients having roots
2w, (2 + 3w), (2 + 3w2), (2 – w – w2), is
(C) = 6 + 4i and = (2 + 4i) are two complex numbers on the (R) 6
complex plane.
Sol. (B) Roots 2w, (w + 2w), (2 + 3w2), (2 – w – w2)
1 i 3 1 i 3
2w 2 1 i 3 ...(1) w
2 2 2 2
1 i 3
& 2 1 i 3 1 i 3 ...(2) w2
2 2 2 2
1 i 3 3 3 3i
(2 + 3w) 2 + 3 2 ...(3)
2 2 2 2
1 i 3 3 3 3
& 2 + 3 2 i ...(4)
2 2 2 2
1 i 3 3 3 3
2 + 3w2 2 + 3 2 i
2 2 2 2
1 i 3 3 3 3
& 2 + 3 2 i
2 2 2 2
1 i 3 1 i 3 1 i 3 1 i 3
2 – w – w2 2 – 2 =3 ...(5)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
total number of roots = 5(five)
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ MCSIR Complex Numbers
therefore the polynomial will be of degree 5
z
(C) Amp z = x + iy
z 6
= 6 + 4i
= 2 + 4i
x iy 6 4i
Amp
x iy 2 4i 6
(x 6) i(y 4)
or Amp
(x 2) i(y 4) 6
y4 1 y 4
or tan–1 tan
x6 x2 6
(y 4) y 4
x 6 x2
or tan–1 1 y 4 y 4 6
x 6 x 2
(x 2) (y 4) (y 4) (x 6)
or 2
tan
(x 6) (x 2) (y 4) 6
or 3[xy 4x 2y 8 xy 6y 4x 24] = x2 – 8x + 12 + y2 + 16 – 8y
or 4 3y 16 3 x 2 y 2 8x 8y 28
or x2 + y2 – 8x – y (8 4 3) 28 16 3 0
Radius = g 2 f 2 c 16 (4 2 3) 2 28 16 3
= 16 16 12 16 3 28 16 3
=4
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ MCSIR Complex Numbers
Exercise # 2 Complex Numbers
p q r
Q.1 If q r p 0; where p, q, r are the moduli of non-zero complex numbers u, v, w respectively,,
r p q
2
w w u
prove that, arg arg .
v vu
|u| p
Sol. | v | q p,q,r 0
| w | r
p q r
q r p = 0 p(rq – p2) – q(q2 – pr) + r (pq – r2) = 0
r p q
pqr – p3 – q3 + pqr + pqr – r3 = 0
p3 + q3 + r3 – 3pqr = 0
(p q r) [(p – q)2 + (q – r)2 + (r – p)2] = 0
0
(p – q)2 + (q – r)2 + (r – p)2 = 0
(p – q)2 = 0 (r – q)2 = 0 (r – p)2 = 0
p – q = 0 r – q = 0 r – p = 0
p = q r = q r = p
p=q=r y
|w| = |v| = |u|
w
Since we have to prove that
2
w w u
arg arg
v v u v
w
LHS = arg x
v
u
= are (w) – arg (v) arg (w) =
= ( + ) – arg ( v ) =
=+– arg (u) = q
=
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2
w u
RHS = arg
v u
= arg (w) – arg (v)
= () –
= –
=
2
w – u
RHS = arg
v – u
y
w u
= 2 arg
v u w
= 2 [arg (w – u) – arg (v – u)] w–u
2 = – ()
= x
2 2 u
= –
arg (w – u) = –
2 2 y
are (w – u) =
2 2 v
21 +
21 = – v–u
1 = x
2 2 u
2 = – 1
arg (v – u) = –
2 2
arg (v – u) =
2 2
= 2
2 2 2 2
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= 2
2 2 2 2
= 2
2
=
= LHS
2
w w u
arg arg
v v u
Q.2 Let Z = 18 + 26i where Z0 = x0 + iy0 (x0, y0 R) is the cube root of Z having least positive
argument. Find the value of x0y0(x0 + y0).
Sol. Let z = x + iy ; x, y iR
z3 + iz ± 1
(x + iy)3 + i(x + iy) = 1
x3 + i3y3 + 3ixy (x + iy) + ix + i2y = 1
x3 – iy3 + 3ix2y + 3i2xy2 + ix – y = 1
x3 – iy3 + 3ix2y – 3xy2 + ix – y – 1 = 0
x3 – 3xy2 – y – 1 – iy3 + 3ix2y + ix = 0
(x3 – 3xy2 – y – 1) – i(y3 – 3x2y – x) = 0
compousing real & imaginary part,
(i) x3 – 3xy2 – y – 1 = 0
(ii) y3 – 3x2y – x = 0
In equation (i)
x = 0, –y – 1 = 0 y = – 1
y = 0 x3 – 1 = 0 (x – 1) (x – w) (x – w2) = 0
x = 1, w, w2
so on solving with axen in the argand's plane, we have points as
(0, –1)
(1, 0), (w, 0), (w2, 0)
in equation (ii)
x = 0, y3 = 0
y = 0
y = 0, –x=0
x = 0
so, we have point of intersection with axen is (0, 0)
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ MCSIR Complex Numbers
since both equation have no common solution. Hence locus of Z in Z3 + iZ = 1 never crosser the
co-ordinate axes in the argand plane from equation [(i)xy + (ii)xx],
(x3y – 3xy3 – y2 – y ) + (xy3 – 3x3y – x2) = 0
x3y – 3xy3 – y2 – y + xy3 – 3x2y – x2 = 0
(x3y + xy3) – (3xy3 + 3x3y) – (y2 + x2) – y = 0
xy(x2 + y2) – 3xy(x2 + y2) – (x2 + y2) – y = 0
(x2 + y2) (xy – 3xy) – (x2 + y2) = y
(x2 + y2) (– 2xy) – (x2 + y2) = y
(x2 + y2) (– 2xy – 1) = y
y
x2 + y2 =
2xy 1
y
|z|2 =
2xy 1
y
|z| =
2xy 1
In(2)
|z|= Proved
2 Re(2)In(2) 1
Q.3 Show that the locus formed by z in the equtaion z3 + iz = 1 never crosses the co-ordinate axes in
Im(z)
the Argand's plane. Further show that |z| =
2 Re(z) Im(z) 1
Sol. Z3 iZ 1
Z(Z2 i) 1
Z can newer be real as (Z2 i) will be imaginary which mutiplied with Z will not be a real number,,
hence its locus will never cut coordinates axis Z can never be imaginary (Pure) as (Z2 + i) will be
of form (a + ib) which multiplied by Z, cannot form 1 (real) its locus can never cut y axis.
Z(Z2 i) 1
(x iy) x 2 y 2 i(2xy 1) 1
x 3 xy 2 i(2x 2 y x x 2 y3 ) 2xy 2 y 1
x 3 xy 2 i(2x 2 y x x 2 y y3 ) 2xy 2 y 1
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x 3 xy 2 2xy 2 y i(3x 2 y x y3 ) 1
x 3 3xy 2 y 1 3x 2 y x y3 0
x(x 2 3y 2 ) 1 y y(y 2 3x 2 ) x
21 1 y x 2 1 y x 2 y2
Z Z
2 x y 2 xy
2 1 2 2 2xy 1 y
Z y Z Z
2xy 2xy 2xy
Im(z)
Z
2 Re(Z)IM(Z) 1
Q.4 If is the fifth root of 2nd x = 2, prove that x5 = 10x2 + 10x + 6.
Sol. since is the fifth root of 2
5 2
A/c to question.
x = + 2 x5 = ( + 2)5
x5 = 5C0 5 + 5C1. 4. 2 + 5C2. 3. 4 + 5C3 2.6 + 5C4. . 8 + 5C5 10
x5 = 5 + 5. 6 + 107 + 108 + 59 + 10
x5 = 5 + 5. 5 + 102. 5 + 103. 5 + 54. 5 + 5. 5
x5 = 2 + 5.2 + 102. 2 + 103. 2 + + 54. 2 + 2.2
x5 = 2 + 10 + 202 + 203 + 104 + 4
x5 = 10 + 202 + 203 + 104 + 6
x5 = 10 + 102 + 102 + 103 + 103 + 104 + 6
x5 = 10 ( + 2) +10( + 2) + 10w2 ( + 2) + 6
x5 = 10.x + 10. x + 102.x + 6 = 10x + 10x( + 2) + 6
x5 = 10x + 10x. x + 6
x5 = 10x2 + 10x + 6
Q.5 Prove that, with regard to the quadratic equation z2 + (p + ip')z + q + iq' = 0
where p, p', q, q' are all real.
(i) if the equation has one real root the q'2 – pp'q' + qp'2 = 0.
(ii) if the equatin has two equal roots then p2 – p'2 = 4q & pp' = 2q'.
State whether these equal roots are real or complex.
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Sol. Given equation
z2 + (p + ip')z + (q + iq') = 0
(i) since above equation has one reat root let root =
2 + (p + ip') + (q + iq') = 0
2 + p + ip' + q + iq' = 0
2 + p + q + ip' + iq' = 0
(2 + p + q) + i(p' + q') = 0
comparing real & imaginary part,
p' + q' = 0
q'
= – & 2 + p + q = 0
p'
2
q ' q ' q '
p' p
p '
q 0 p '
q '2 q'
2
p q 0
p' p'
q '2 pq 'p ' qp '2
0
p '2
q'2 – pp'q' + qp'2 = 0 Ans.
(ii) since given equation has two equals roots.
D=0
(p + ip')2 – 4(q + iq') = 0
p2 – p'2 + 2pip' – 4q – 4iq' = 0
p2 – p'2 – 4q + i2pp' – i4q' = 0
(p2 – p'2 – 4q) + 2i (pp' – 2q') = 0
comparing real & imaginary part
p2 – p'2 – 4q = 0
p2 – p'2 = 4q
& pp' – 2q' = 0
pp' = 2q'
p2 – p'2 = 4q & pp' = 2q'
Q.6 If the equation (z + 1)7 + z7 = 0 has roots z1, z2,......z7, find the value of
7 7
(a) Re(Z ) and (b) Im(Z )
r 1
r
r 1
r
Sol. (z + 1)7 + z7 = 0
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(z + 1)7 = – z7
(z 1)7
1
z7
7
z 1
1
z
7
z 1
= cos + isin
z
7
z 1
= cos(2n) + i sin (2n + ); n I
z
z 1
= [cos(2n + ) + isin (2n + )]1/7
z
z 1 2n 2n
= cos + i sin , n 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
z 7 7
1 2n 2n
1+ cos i sin
z 7 7
1 2n 2n
cos i sin 1
z 7 7
1
z =
2n 2n
cos i sin 1
7 7
1
z =
2n 2n
cos 1 isin
7 7
1
z =
2n 2n 2n
2sin 2 2isin cos
14 14 14
1
z =
2n 2n 2n
2sin sin i cos
14 14 14
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1
=
2n 2n 2n
2sin cos isin
14 2 14 2 14
1 1
= ·
2n 2n 2n
2sin cos i sin
14 2 14 2 14
1 2n 2n
z = – · cos i sin
2n 2 14 2 14
2sin
14
1 2n 2n
=– sin 14 i cos 14
2n
2sin
14
2n 2n
sin i cos
1 14 14
= –
2 2n
sin
14
2n
cos
1
z = – 1 i 14
2 2n
sin
14
1 2n
z = – 1 i cot 14
2
where n = 0, 1,...,6
1
z1 = – i cot
2 14
1 3 1 5
z2 = – + i cot ; z3 = – + i cot
2 14 2 14
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1 7 1 1
z4 = – i cot = – + i.0 = –
2 14 2 2
1 9
z5 = – + i cot
2 14
1 11
z6 = – i cot
2 14
1 13
z7 = – + i cot
2 14
7
(a) Re(Z ) = Re(z1) + Re(z2)+......+ Re(z7)
r
r 1
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7
=–
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
7
(b) I m (Z r ) = Im (z1) + Im(z2)+.........+ Im (z7)
r 1
1 3 1 5
=– cot 1 cot cot
2 14 2 14 2 14
1 9 1 11 1 13
–0– cot cot cot
2 14 2 14 2 14
1 3 5 9 11 13
=– cot cot cot cot cot
2 14 14 14 14 14 14
1 13 3 11 5 9
=– cot cot cot cot cot cot
2 14 14 14 14 14 14
1 3 3 5 5
=– cot cot cot cot cot cot
2 14 14 14 14 14 14
1 5 5 5 5
=– cot cot cot cot cot cot = 0
2 14 14 14 14 14 14
Q.7 Find the roots of the equation Zn = (Z + 1)n and show that the points which represent them are
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collinear on the complex plane. Hence show that these are also the roots of the equation
2 2
m 2 m
2sin Z 2sin Z 1 0.
n n
Sol. Zn = (Z + 1)n
(Z 1)n
1
Zn
n
Z 1
1
Z
n
Z 1
= cos(2m) + i sin (2 m), m I
Z
Z 1
= [cos (2m) + i sin (2m)]1/n
Z
Z 1 2m 2 m
cos isin
Z n n ; m 0, 1, 2,...., n – 1
2 m 2m
Z + 1 = Z cos i sin
n n
2m 2m
Z 1 cos isin =1
n n
1
Z =
2m 2 m
1 cos isin
n n
1
z =
m m m
2sin 2 2i sin .cos
n n n
1 1
z = ·
m m m
2sin sin i cos
n n n
1 1
= ·
m m m
2sin cos i sin
m 2 n 2 n
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1 m m
= ·cos i cos
m 2 n n
2sin
n
m m
sin i cos
1 n n
=–
2 m
sin
n
1 m
=–
2 1 i cot n ; m = 1, 2,....., n – 1
1
z1 = – 1 i cot
2 n
1 2
z2 = – 1 i cot
2 n
1 3
z3 = – 1 i cot
2 n
2 2
m 2 m
checking 2 is a root of equation 2sin z + 2sin z 1 0
n n
m m
sin i cos
put z = n n
m
sin
n
2
m m
2 sin cos
m n n
2sin
n m
2sin
n
m m
sin i sin
n
2
m n
+ 2sin 1
n m
2sin
n
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2
m m m m m
= sin i cos 2sin sin i cos 1
n n
n n n
m m m m
= sin2 cos 2 2isin cos
n n n n
m m m
– 2 sin2 2i sin cos 1
n n n
m m m
= sin2 cos 2 1 2sin 2
n n n
2m 2m
= – cos 1 cos 1 = 0
n n
2
1 m m m
hence z = – sin i cos is a root of equation 2sin
m n n n
2sin
n
2
2 m
z + 2sin z +1=0
n
checking z1, z2, z3 for follinearty:-
1 1 1
cot 1 1 cot 1
2 2 n 2 n
1 1 2
cot 1 = – 1 1 1 cot 2 1 = 0
2 2 n 2 2 n
1 1 3 1 3
cot 1 1 cot 1
2 2 n 2 n
since area of , considering z1, z2 & z3 are vertices of it, zero. Hence z1, z2 & z3 points are
collinear. Simillarly we can show that point z1, z2, z3,...., zn–1 are collinear
Q.8 If the expression z5 – 32 can be factorised into linear and quadratic factors over real coefficients as
(z5 – 32) = (z – 2) (z2 – pz + 4) (z2 – qz + 4) then find the value of (p2 + 2p).
Sol. z5 – 32 = 0
z5 – 25 = 0
z5 = 25
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z5 = 25 (cos 0 + i sin 0)
z5 = 25 (cos2n + i sin 2n); n I
z = 2 (cos2n + i sin sin)1/5
2n 2n
z = 2 cos isin , n = 0, 1, 2, 3,4
5 5
z1 = 2 (cos0 + isin 0) = 2
2 2 2
z2 = 2 cos isin = 2 cis
5 5 5
4 4 4
z3 = 2 cos isin = 2 cis
5 5 5
6 6 6
z4 = 2 cos isin = 2 cis
5 5 5
8 8 8
z5 = 2 cos i sin = 2 cis
5 5 5
z5 – 32 = (z – z1) (z – z2) (z – z3) (z – z4) (z – z5)
2 4
= (z – 2) z 2cis z 2cis
5 5
6 8
z 2cis z 2cis
5 5
2 4
z5 – 32 = (z – 2) z 2cis z 2cis
5 5
4 2
z 2cis 2 5 z 2cis 2 5
2 4 4 2
= (z – 2) z 2cis z 2cis z 2cis z 2cis
5 5 5 5
2 2
= (z – 2) z 2cis
5 z 2cis 5
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4 4
z 2cis z 2cis 5
5
Q.9 Let z1 & z2 be any two arbitrary complex numbers then prove that :
1 z z
|z1 + z2| (|z1| + |z2|) 1 .
2 | z1 | | z 2 |
1 z z
Sol. |z1 + z2| (|z1| + |z2|) 1 1
2 | z1 | | z 2 |
z z
2 |z1 + z2| (|z1| + |2z|) 1 2
| z1 | | z 2 |
squaring both sides
z1 z2
4|z1 + z2|2 (|z1| + |z2|)2 | z | | z |
1 2
4 (|z1|2 + |z2|2 + 2|z1| |z2| cos ) (|z1|2 + |z2|2 + 2|z1| · |z2|) | z1 | | z 2 | 2 | z1 | . | z 2 | cos
| z | | z | | z1 | | z 2 |
1 2
where is angle between z1 & z2
4(|z1|2 + | z2|2 + 2|z1| . |z2| cos ) (|z1|2 + |z2|2 + 2|z| . |z2|) (1 + 1 + 2cos )
4 (|z1|2 + |z2|2 + 2|z1| . |z2| cos ) (|z1|2 + |z2|2 + 2|z1| · |z2| 2 (1 + cos )
4 (|z1|2 + |z2|2 + 2|z1| .|z2| cos ) (|z1|2 + |z2|2 + 2|z1| . |z2| 4 cos2 /2)
|z1|2 + |z2|2 + 2|z1| . |z2| cos (|z1|2 + |z2|2 + 2|z1| |z2|) cos2 /2
|z1|2 (1 – cos2 /2) + |z2|2 (1 – cos2 /2) + 2|z1| |z2| (cos – cos2 /2) 0
1 cos
|z1|2 sin2/2 + |z1|2 sin2/2 + 2|z1| |z2| cos 0
2
(cos 1)
|z1|2 sin2/2 + |z2|2 sin2 /2 + 2 |z1| |z2| 0
2
(|z1|2 + |z2|2) sin2/2 + 2 |z1| |z2| (– sin2/2) 0
(|z1|2 + |z2|2 – 2|z1| |z2|) sin2 /2 0
(|z1| – |z2|)2 sin2/2 0
which is always trun
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Q.10 If Zr, r = 1,2,3,.......2m, m N are the roots of the equation
2m
Z2m + Z2m–1 + Z2m–2 +........+ Z + 1 = 0 then prove that Z 11 m
r 1 r
Sol. Z2m + Z2m–1 + Z2m–2 +........+ Z + 1 = 0
z 2m1 1
0
z 1
z2m+1 = 0 ( z – 0)
z2m+1 = 1
z2m+1 = cos(2n) + isin (2n)............(i); n I ( 1)
1
z = cos(2n ) isin(2n ) 2m1
2n 2n
z = cos + i sin
2m 1 2m 1
we have to find.
2m
1 1 1 1
z
r 1
z1 1 z 2 1 z 3 1
.....
r 1
1
let z =
zr 1
z zr – z = 1
1 z
zr =
z
2m 1
z 1
putting the value of zr, = cos (2n) + i sin (2n )
z
1
z 1
z
cos(2n ) i sin(2n ) 2m 1
2 n 2n
z + 1 = y cos i sin
2m 1 2m 1
2n 2n
z cos 1 i sin =1
2m 1 2m 1
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1
z =
2 n 2n
cos 1 i sin
2m 1 2m 1
1
=
n n n
2sin 2 i2sin cos
2m 1 2n 1 2m 1
1 1
=– ·
n n n
2sin sin i cos
2m 1 2m 1 2m 1
1 1
=– ·
n n n
2sin cos 1sin
2m 1 2 2m 1 2 2m 1
1 n n
=– · cos isin
n 2 2m 1 2 2m 1
2sin
2m 1
1 n n
=– sin i cos
n 2m 1 2m 1
2sin
2m 1
n n
sin i cos
1 2m 1 2m 1
=–
2 n
sin
2m 1
1 n
= – 1 i cot
2 2m 1
1
z1 = – 1 i cot
2 2m 1
1 2
z2 = – 1 i cot
2 2m 1
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1 3
z3 = – 1 i cot
2 2m 1
1 2m
z2m = – 1 i cot
2 2m 1
1
=– 1 i cot
2 2m 1
1
=– 1 i cot z
2 2m 1 1
1 (2m 1)
z2m–1 = – 1 i cot
2 2m 1
1 2
=– 1 i cot 2m 1
2
1 2
= – 1 i cot
2 2m 1
= z2
2m
z
r 1
r = z1 + z2 + z3+....+z2m–2 + z2m–1 + z2m
= (z1 + z2m) + (z2 + z2m–1) + (z3 + z2m–2)+..........
= (z1 z1 ) (z 2 z2 ) (z3 z3 ) +........
1 1
= +.........2m times
2 2
=–m
Q.11 (i) Let Cr's denotes the combinatorial coefficients in the expansion of (1 + x)n, n N. If the
integers
an = C0 + C3 + C6 + C9 +.......
bn = C1 + C4 + C7 + C10 +.......
and cn = C2 + C5 + C8 + C11 +......., then
prove that (a) a 3n b3n c3n 3a n b n c n 2 n , (b) (an – bn)2 + (bn – cn)2 + (cn – an)2 = 2.
(ii) Porve that identity: (C0 – C2 + C4 – C6 +....)2 + (C1 – C5 – C7 +....)2 = 2n
Sol. (i) Consider a binomial expansion,
C0 + C1x + C2x2 + + C3x3 +........+ Cnxn = (1 + x)n
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putting x = 1
C0 + C1 + C2 + C3+......+ Cn = 2n ....(i)
putting x =
C0 + C1w + C2w2 + C2w3 +.......+ Cnwn = (1 + w)n
C0 + C1w + C2w2 + C3+......= (–w2)n
C0 + C1 w + C2w2 + C3+....= (–1)n w2n ....(ii)
putting x = w2
C0 + C1w2 + C2w4 + C3w6+.....= (1 + w2)n
C0 + C1w + C2w + C3 +.....= (–w)n
C0 + C1w2 + C2w + C3+....= (–1)nwn ....(iii)
from equation [(i) + (ii) + (iii)]
3[C0 + C3 + C6+.....] = 2n + (–1)nw2n + (–1)nwn
3[C0 + C3 + C6+......] = 2n + (–1)n [wn + w2n]
from equation [(i) + (ii)w2 + (iii) w],
3[C1 + C4 + C7 +.......] = 2n + (–1)n w2n.w2 + (–1)nwnw
3[C1 + C4 + C7+.....] = 2n + (–1)n w2n+2 + (–1)n wn+1
3[C1 + C4 + C7 +.....] = 2n + (–1)n [w2(n+1) + w(n+1)]
2n (1) n 2n+2
bn = [w + wn+1]
3 3
Again, from equation [(i) + (ii) w + (iii)w2]
3[c2 + c5 + c8 +.....] = 2n + (–1)n w2n. w + (–1)n wn .w2
3. cn = 2n + (–1)n [w2n+1 + wn+2]
2n (1) n 2n
cn = [w . w + wn+2]
3 3
1 n
an = [2 + (–1)n (wn + w2n)]
3
1 n
= [2 + (–1)n (–1)]
3
1 n
= [2 ( 1) n 1 ]
3
1 n
bn = [2 (1) n (w 2n 2 w n 1 )]
3
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1 n
= [2 (1) n .(1)]
3
1
= [2n + (–1)n+1]
3
1 n
Cn= [2 + (–1)n (w2n+1 + wn+2)]
3
(b) (an – bn)2 + (bn – cn)2 + (cn – an)2
= 0 + (bn – cn)2 + (cn – an)2
= (bn – cn)2 + (cn – an)2
= (bn – cn)2 + (bn – cn)2
= 2(bn – cn)2
2
2n (1) n 1 2n (1) n 2n 1 n 2
= 2 (w w )
3 3 3 3
2
2n (1) n 1 2n (1) n 2n 1 (1)n n 2
= 2 w w
3 3 3 3 3
2
(1) n 1 (1) n 2n 1 (1) n n 2
= 2 w w
3 3 3
2
(1) n 1 (1)n 1 2n 1 (1) n 1 n 1
=2 w (w )
3 3 3
(1) n 1
= 2 (1 w 2n 1 w n 2 )
3
2
2n 2 1 w n 2 w 2n 1
= 2(1)
3
1 w n .w 2 w 2n .w
= 2
3
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2
1 w n .w (w 2 )n .w
= 2
3
2
1 w.w n w n .w
= 2
3
2
1 1 1
=2
3
= 2
(a) a 3n b3n c3n 3a n b n c n
= (an + bn + cn) (a 2n b 2n c 2n a n b n b n cn cn a n )
1
= (a n b n c n ) (2a 2n 2b 2n 2c2n 2a n b n 2b n cn 2cn a n )
2
1
= (a + bn + cn) [(an – bn)2 + (bn – cn)2 + (cn – an)2]
2 n
1
= (a + bn + cn).2
2 n
= an + bn + cn
1 n 1 1
= [2 + (–1)n+1] + [2n + (–1)n+1] + [2n + (–1)n (wn+2 + w2n+1)]
3 3 3
2n 2n 2n
= 2n
3 3 3
Q.12 Let z1, z2, z3, z4 be the vertices A, B, C, D respectively of a square on the Argand diagram taken
in anticlockwise direction then prove that:
(i) 2z2 = (1 + i) z1 + (1 – i)z3 & (ii) 2z4 = (1 – i) z1 + (1 + i)z3
Sol. We want the values of z2 and z4 in terms of z1 and z3
Hence we rotate about B and D.
Rotation about B in anti-clockwise sense
i
z1 z 2 (z3 z 2 )e 2 i(z 3 z 2 )
z2 2
z1 iz 3 z 2 (1 i)
1 i
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2z 2 (1 i)z1 i(1 i)z3
or 2z 2 (1 i)z1 (1 i)z3
Similarly rotation about D will give z4 in terms of z1. and z3
n
1 ix 1 ia
Q.13 Show that all the roots of the equation a R are real and distinct.
1 ix 1 ia
n
1 ix 1 ia
Sol.
1 ix 1 ia
n 1/ n
1 ix 1 ia 1 ix 1 ia
=
1 ix 1 e 1 ix 1 ca
n 1 ia
Let w
1 ia
w 2
1 ix
w
1 ix
1 + ix = w – inw
ix + ixw = w – 1
ix (w + 1) = w – 1
w 1
x =
i(w 1)
w 1
x = (– i)
w 1
w 1
since we have to prove that above equation has real roots i.e. is a purelly imaginary
w 1
complex no.
Let w = cos + i sin
w 1 cos i sin 1
w 1 cos i sin 1
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(cos 1) isin
=
(cos 1) isin
2sin 2 / 2 i sin / 2cos / 2
=
2cos 2 / 2 i2sin / 2 cos / 2
2sin 2 / 2 ( sin / 2 i cos / 2)
=
2cos / 2(cos / 2 isin / 2)
(i 2 sin / 2 isin / 2)
= tan /2
cos / 2 i sin / 2
i(cos / 2 i sin / 2)
= tan /2
(cos / 2 isin / 2)
= i tan /2
which is a purely ima11nary no.
Q.14 Prove that:
x n2
(a) cos x + nC1 cos 2x + nC2 cos 3x +....+ nCn cos (n + 1) x = 2n. cosn . cos x
2 2
x n2
(b) sin x + nC1 isn 2x + nC2 sin 3x +....+ nCn sin (n + 1) x = 2n. cosn . sin x
2 2
2 4 6 2n 1
(c) cos cos cos .... cos when n N.
2n 1 2n 1 2n 1 2n 1 2
Sol. L
Q.15 Show that all roots of the equation a0zn + a1zn–1 +.....+ an–1z + an where |ai| 1, i = 0, 1, 2,...,
n 1
n lie outside the circle with centre at the origin and radius .
n
Sol. a0zn + a1zn–1 +.....+ an–1z + an = n
|a0z + a1zn–1 + a2zn–2 +....+ an–1z + an| = n
we know that
|z1 + z2 +....+zn| |z1| + |z2|+....+ |zn|
|a0 zn| + |z1zn–1| = |z2 zn–2| +....+ |zn–1 z| + |an| n
|a0| |zn| + |a1| |zn–1| + |a| |zn–2|+...+ |an–1|. |z| + |an| n
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ MCSIR Complex Numbers
|ai| < 1
Replacting all |ai| by its maximum value,
|zn| + |zn–1| + |zn–2| +....+ |z| = 1 n
1 + |z| + |z|2 +...+ |z|n–1 + |z|n n
1 + |z| + |z|2 +....+ |z|n + |z|n+1 +..... n ( |z| < 1)
1
n
1 | z |
1 n – n |z|
n |z| > n – 1
n 1
|z| > proved
n
Q.16 The points A, B, C depict the complex numbers z1, z2, z3 respectively on a complex plane & the
1
angle B & C of the triangle ABC are each equal to ( ) . Show that
2
2
(z2 – z3)2 = 4 (z3 – z1) (z1 – z2) sin2 .
2
Sol. LA =
A(z1)
LB = LC =
2
we have to show that
(z2 – z3)2 = 4(z3 – z1) (z1 – z2) sin2/2
– –
2 2
(z 2 z 3 ) 2 B(z2) C(z3)
= 4 sin2/2
(z3 z1 ) (z1 z 2 )
z 2 z 3 z 2 z3
· 4sin 2 / 2
z 3 z1 z1 z 2
LB = LL
AB = AC
|z1 – z2| = |z3– z1|
z1 z 3
z2 – z3 = |z2 – z3| · cis
| z1 z 3 | 2
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ MCSIR Complex Numbers
z1
z1–z3
–
2
z2– z3 z3
z2
z 2 z 3 | z 2 z3 |
z z | z z | cis 2 ...(i)
1 3 1 3
z1 z 2
z3 – z2 = |z3 – z2| · cis
| z1 z 2 | 2
z3 z 2 | z3 z 2 |
cis ...(ii)
z1 z 2 | z1 z 2 | 2
Multiplying equation (i) & (ii)
z 2 z 3 z3 z 2 | z 2 z3 | | z 3 z 2 |
. . cis . cis 2
z1 z 3 z1 z 2 | z1 z 3 | | z1 z 2 | 2
| z 2 z 3 |2
= cis 0
| z1z 3 | | z1 z 2 |
z 2 z3 z3 z 2 | z 2 z3 |2
· ...(iii) (|z1 – z3| = |z2 – z1|)
z1 z3 z1 z 2 | z1 z 2 |2
Applying since rule uin ABC A(z1)
| z1 z 2 | |z z |
2 3
sin
sin
2
|z1 – z2|
| z2 z3 | sin( ) sin –
=
| z1 z 2 | 2
sin sin B(z2) C(z3)
2 2 2 |z2 – z3|
| z 2 z 3 | sin
| z1 z 2 | cos
2
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ MCSIR Complex Numbers
|z z | 2sin .cos
2 3 2 2
| z1 z 2 |
cos
2
| z2 z3 |
2sin
| z1 z 2 | 2
2
z z z z z z
considering equation (iii), 2 3 · 3 2 2 3
z1 z3 z1 z 2 z1 z 2
z 2 z 3 z3 z 2
· 2sin
z1 z3 z1 z 2 2
(z 2 z3 ) 2
4sin 2
(z 3 z1 ) (z1 z 2 ) 2
(z2 – z3)2 = 4 (z3 – z1) (z1 – z2) sin2
2
p
32 10 2q 2q
Q.17 Evaluate: (3 p 2) sin i cos .
p 1 q 1 11 11
a b c
Q.18 Let a, b, c be distinct complex numbers such that = = = k. Find the value of k.
1 b 1 c 1 a
a b c
Sol. K
1 b 1 c 1 a
a K Kb
b K Kc
c K Kc
a K K 2 K 2 (K Ka)
a K K 2 K 3 K 3a
K K 2 K3
a bc
1 K3
ufixed But abc
i.e. K 3 1 K w, w 2
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ MCSIR Complex Numbers
2
Q.19 Let , be fixed complex numbers and z is a variable complex number such that, z 2 + z
= k.
Find out the limits for 'k' such that the locus of z is a circle. Find also the centre and radius of the
circle.
2 2
Sol. a a k
Locus of Z is a circle
2 2 2 2
K 1 x 1 y 2 y 2 K
2x 2 2y 2 2x 1 1 2y 2 2 2
12 2 2 12 2 2 K 0
2
x 2 y 2 2x 1 1 2y 2
2 2
2 2 2 22 K
1 2 1 0
2
x 0 i.e.g 2 f 2 c 0
2 2 2 2 2
1 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 K
2 0
2 2 4
12 22 12 22 2 2 22 K 0
K 12 22 12 22 2 2 22
2 2 2
K 2 2 K
1 1 2 2
Centre ,
2 2
2K 2 2 22 12 22 12 22
Radius
4
Q.20 C is the complex number. f : C R is defined by f (z) = | z3 – z + 2|. Find the maximum value of
f (z) if | z | = 1.
Sol. (Z) Z3 Z 2 Z 1
2
(f (Z)) 2 Z3 Z 2 Z3 Z 2 Z Z 2 3
2 3
1 Z2 2Z3 Z ZZ 2Z 2Z 2Z 4
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ MCSIR Complex Numbers
2
6 Z 2 Z 2 Z Z 2 Z3 Z 3
6 2 a 2 b 2 4(a) 2 Z Z 2 Z 2 Z 2Z
2
6 2 a 2 b 2 4(a) 4a 2a 2 2b 2 1
6 8a 2 2a 2 1 8a 2a 2 1
F(z) 16a 3 4a 2 16a 8
F '(z) 48a 2 8a 16 8(6a 2 a 2)
8 6a 2 4a 3a 2
8 2a 3a 2 3a 1
8 2a 1 3a 2
1 2
a a
2 3
2
for a
3
8 4 2
F(z) 16 4 16 8
27 9 3
128 48 288 202
0
28
1
For a ; F(z) 2 1 8 8 13
2
Maximum value of f(z) = 13
Q.21 Let f (x) = logcos 3x (cos 2 i x ) if x 0 and f (0) = K (where i = 1 ) is continuous at x = 0
then find the value of K.
Q.22 Find the set of points on the argand plane for which the real part of the complex number (1 + i)z2
is positive where z = x + iy , x, y R and i = 1 .
Q.23 If a and b are positive integer such that N = (a + ib)3 – 107i is a positive integer. Find N.
Sol. N (a ib)3 107i
N a 3 3ab 2 i(3a 2 b b3 107)
Since N is a positive integer
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ MCSIR Complex Numbers
Im(N) 0
3a 2 b b3 107
107
3a 2 b 2
b
3a 2 b 2 is an integer [ a,b are integers]
b divider 107
Case(1) : b = 107
(107)2 1
a2
3
11 50
a2
3
Not possible because a cannot be integers here
case (2) b = 1
3a 2 108
a6
N 63 3 6 1
N 198
N 13 i( a, )
99
2
Q.24 If the biquadratic x4 + ax3 + bx2 + cx + d = 0 (a, b, c, d R) has 4 non real roots, two with sum
3 + 4i and the other two with product 13 + i. Find the value of 'b'.
Sol. x 4 ax 3 bx 2 cx d has 4 non-real roots
3 4i
13 i( a, )
ab 13 i
13 i
b
13 i 13 i ( )( ) b
26 (3 4i)(3 4i) b
b 26 25 51
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
EXERCISE–III
334 365
1 i 3 1 i 3
Q. 1 (a) If i = 1 , then 4 + 5 3 is equal to
2 2 2 2
(A) 1 – i 3 (B) –1 + i 3 (C) i 3 (D) – i 3
Ans. (C)
334 365
1 i 3 1 i 3
Sol. 4 + 5 3
2 2 2
2
4 + 5 (w)334 + 3 (w)365
= 4 + 5 + 32
= 1 + 2 + 3(1 + + 2)
= 1 + (–1 + i 3 ) = i 3
(b) For complex numbers z & , prove that, |z|2 – ||2 z = z – if and only if, z = or z = 1
[JEE '99]
Sol. Given that z and w are two complex numbers. To prove
| z |2 w – | w |2 z = z – w z = w or z w = 1
First let us consider
| z |2 w – | w |2 z = z – w ....(1)
2 2
z (1 + | w | ) = w (1 + | z | )
2
z 1 z
= a real number
w 1 w 2
z z z z
w w w w
zw zw ....(2)
Again from Eq. (1)
zzw wwz z w
z zw 1 w zw 1 0
z zw 1 w zw 1 0 [Using Eq. (2)]
zw 1 z w 0
zw 1 or z w
Conversely if z = w, then L. H. S of (1) is | w |2 w – | w |2 w = 0 and R. H. S. of (1) is w – w = 0.
Therefore, Eq. (1) holds Also if wz 1, then wz 1. L. H. S. of (1) is zzw wwz zzw = R. H. S.
Hence proved.
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
2 i 20
k
Q.2 (i) If = e 7
and f(x) = A0 + A x k , then find the value of f(x) + f( x) + ...... + f(6 x)
k 1
independent of .
Ans. (7 A0 + 7 A7 x7 + 7 A14 x14 )
2 i
7
Sol. = e = 7th root of unity or root of the equation
2 3 4 5 6
z 7 1 0. Its other roots are 1, , , , , . Now,,
f (x) f (x) ... f ( 6 x)
20 20 20
7a 0 a k x k a k (ax) k .... a k ( 6 x) k
k 1 k 1 k 1
20
7a 0 a k x k k x k a(2 k) x k ..... 6k x k
k 1
20
7a 0 a k x k k x k 2k x k ..... 6k x k
k 1
k 7 1
20
7a 0 a k x k
k 1 k
1 ......[Sum of geometric progression]
7 k 1
20
7a 0 a k x k
k 1 k 1
20
11
7a 0 a k x k k
k 1 1
( is a root of z 7 1 0 7 1 0 )
7a 0
(ii) Let + i ; , R, be a root of the equation x3 + qx + r = 0 ; q, r R. Find a real cubic
equation, independent of & , whose one root is 2. [JEE '99]
Ans. ()
Sol. Given, + iis a root of the equation.
– iwill be the other root.
Let the third root be
Now, sum of roots i i 0 ..... (As coefficient of x 2 is 0)
2 ......(1)
Product of roots r
r
......(2)
Also, sum of any two roots taken at a time
( i) ( i) q
2 q
Put the values from (1) and (2), we get
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
r
2 q
2 q r 0
(2)3 q(2) r
So, the equation with 2 as a root is
x 3 qx r
i.e. x 3 qx r 0
1 1 1
Q.3(a) If z1 , z2 , z3 are complex numbers such that z1 = z2 = z3 = = 1, then
z1 z 2 z 3
z1 + z2 + z3 is :
(A) equal to 1 (B) less than 1 (C) greater than 3 (D) equal to 3
Ans. (A)
Sol. z1 | = | z2 | = | z3 | (given)
Now, | z1 | = 1 | z1 |2 = 1 z1 z1 = 1
Similarly,
z 2 z2 1, z3 z3 1
1 1 1
Now, 1
z1 z 2 z3
or z1 z2 z3 1
or z1 z 2 z 3 1
or | z1 + z2 + z3 | = 1
(b) If arg (z) < 0 , then arg ( z) arg (z) =
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2
[ JEE 2000 (Screening) 1 + 1 out of 35 ]
Ans. (A)
Sol. arg (–z) – arg (z) = arg z = arg (–1) = p
z
2 2
Q.4 Given , z = cos 2 n 1 + i sin , 'n' a positive integer, find the equation whose roots are,
2n 1
3
= z + z + ...... + z 2n 1 & = z2 + z4 + ...... + z2n .
[ REE 2000 (Mains) 3 out of 100 ]
sin 2 n 2
Ans. ( z2 + z + 2 = 0, where q = )
sin 2n 1
2 2
Sol. Given z = cos + i sin
2n 1 2n 1
from De-Moiver's theorem
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
z = [cos 2 + i sin 2]1/2n+1
or z n 1 cos 2 isin 2 1 ...(1)
Now, both and are Geometric Progressions of n terms each with common ratio z2
z(1 (z 2 )n ) z z 2n 1 z 1 1
So, = 2
2
2
( z 2n 1 1)
1 z 1 z 1 z z 1
z 2[1 (z 2 ) n ] z[z 1] z
and = 2
2
1 z 1 z z 1
(z 1)
sum of roots s = = – 1 ...(2)
z 1
z 1
multiplication of roots = p = 2
...(3)
(z 1) 1
z 2
z
2 2
where, z = cos i sin ...(4)
2n 1 2n 1
1 2 2
and = cos isin ...(5)
z 2n 1 2n 1
Adding (4) & (5), we get
1 2
z 2cos
z 2n 1
putting this value in equation (3), we get
1 1
p= ...(6)
2
2cos 2 4 cos 2
2n 1 2n 1
hence the equation is x2 – Sx + p = 0
1
x2 x 0
or 2 Ans.
4cos
2n 1
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
Q.5 Find all those roots of the equation z12 – 56z6 – 512 = 0 whose imaginary part is positive.
[ REE 2000, 3 out of 100 ]
Ans. (+1 + i 3 ,
3i , 2 i)
2
Sol. z12 – 56z6 – 512 = 0
put z6 = t, t2 – 56t – 512 = 0
or (t – 64) (t + 8) = 0
z = (64)1/6 or z = (–8)1/16
Case I Case II
z = (64)46 = 2 (1)1/6 z = (–8)1/6 = 2( 1)1/ 6
= 2[cos 0º + i sin 0º]1/6 = 2[cos i sin ]1/ 6
2r 2r (2r 1) (2r 1)
or z = 2 cos isin or z = 2 cos isin
6 6 6 6
where r = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 where r = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 , 5
The imaginary part correesponding The imaginary part corresponding to
to r = 4, 5 will be negative r = 3, 4, 5 will be (–)ve. Hence we
Hence we choose r = 0,1, 2, 3. only choose r = 0, 1, 2 only.
for r = 0 for r = 0
3 1
z2 z 2 cos isin i
6 6 2 2
for r = 1 for r = 1
1 3 1 3
z 2 i 2 i for r = 1 z 2[0 i.1] i 2
2 2 2 2
= 1 i 3
for r = 2 for r = 2
2 2 5 5
z = 2 cos i sin z 2 cos isin
3 3 6 6
or z 1 i 3 = 2 cos i sin
6 6
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
3 1
for r = 3 or z i
2 2
z 2( 1 0) 2
Note. The roots of the equation z12 – 56 z6 – 512 = 0 whose imaginary part is positive are
3 1
± 1 + i 3 , i 2, ± i
2 2
z1 z 3 1 i 3
Q.6(a) The complex numbers z1, z2 and z3 satisfying are the vertices of a triangle which is
z2 z3 2
(A) of area zero (B) right-angled isosceles
(C) equilateral (D) obtuse – angled isosceles
Ans. (C)
z1 z3 1 i 3
Sol.
z 2 z3 2
z1 z3 1 i 3
arg arg
z 2 z3 2
Hence, the angle between z1 – z2 and z2 – z3 is 60º. Also,
z1 z 2 1 i 3
z 2 z3 2
1 z z
3
z z 1
2 3
or | z1 – z3 | = | z2 – z3 |
Hence, the triangle with vertices z1, z2, and z3 is isosceles with vertical angle 60º. Hence, rest of the two
angles should also be 60º each. Therefore, the required triangle is an equilateral triangle.
(b) Let z1 and z2 be nth roots of unity which subtend a right angle at the origin. Then n must be of the form
(A) 4k + 1 (B) 4k + 2 (C) 4k + 3 (D) 4k
[ JEE 2001 (Scr) 1 + 1 out of 35 ]
Ans. (D)
Sol. Let z = (1)1/n = (cos 2kp + i sin 2kp)1/n
2k 2k
= cos i sin , k = 0, 1, 2, ......, n – 1
n n
2k 2k
Let z1 = cos 1 i sin 1
n n
2k 2k
and z2 = cos 2 i sin 2
n n
be the two values of z such that they subtend angle of 90º at origin. Then
2k1 2k 2
4(k1 – k2) = ± n
n n 2
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
As k1 and k2 are integers and k1 k2, therefore n = 4m, m Z.
1 1 1
1 3
Q.7(a) Let i . Then the value of the determinant 1 1 2 2 is
2 2 1 2 4
(A) 3 (B) 3 ( – 1) (C) 32 (D) 3(1 – )
Ans. (B)
1 3
Sol. Let w = – i
2 2
1 1 1
2
Let = 1 1 2
1 2
Applying R2 R2 – R1; R3 R3 – R1
1 1 1
2
= 0 2 2 1
0 2 1 1
= (–2 – 2) ( – 1) – (2 – 1)2
= – 2 + 2 – 3 + (2 – 4 – 1) + 22
= 32 – 3
(b) For all complex numbers z1, z2 satisfying |z1| = 12 and |z2 – 3 – 4i| = 5, the minimum value of
|z1 – z2| is [JEE 2002 (Scr) 3+3]
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 7 (D) 17
Ans. (B)
Sol. Fibbing that | z1 | = 12. Therefore. z1 lies on a circle with center (0, 0) and radius 12 units As | z2 – 3 – 4i | = 5, so z2 lies on
a circle with center (3, 4) and radius 5 units.
From the figure it is clear that | z1 – z2 |, i.e., distance between z1 and z2 will be minimum when they lie at A
and B, respectively, i.e., On diagram as shown. Then | z1 – z2 | = AB = OA – OB = 12 – 2(5) = 2. As it
is the minimum value, we must have | z1 – z2 | 2
y
A
(z1)
B
(z2)
C
x
O
(c) Let a complex number , 1, be a root of the equation zp+q – zp – zq + 1 = 0 where p, q are distinct
primes. Show that either 1 + + 2 + ...... + p–1 = 0 or 1 + + 2 + ...... + q–1 = 0 , but not both
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
together. [JEE 2002, (5) ]
Sol. z – z – z + 1 = 0
p+q p q
(zp – 1) (zq – 1) = 0
z = (1)1/p or (1)1/q (1)
where p and q are distinct prime numbers. Hence, both the equations will have distinct roots and as z 01,
both will be simultaneously zero for any value of z given by Eq. (1). Also,
1 p
1 + + 2 + ..... + p–1 = (a 1)
1
q
or 1 + + 2 + .... + q = 1 (a 1)
1
Because of (1), either p = 1 or q = 1 but not both simultaneously as p and q are distinct primes.
1 z1 z2
Q8. (a) If z1 and z2 are two complex numbers such that | z1 | < 1 < | z2 | then prove that 1.
z1 z 2
Sol. Given that | z1| < 1 < | z2 | Now,
1 z1 z2
1
z1 z 2
or 1 z1 z2 z1 z 2
or 1 z1 z2
2
z1 z 2
2
or 1 z1 z 1 z1 z2 z1 z 2 z1 z 2
or 1 z1 z2 1 z1z 2 z1 z 2 z1 z2
or 1 z1 z2 z1z 2 z1 z1z 2 z2 z1 z1 z1 z2 z1z 2 z 2 z2
or 1 + | z1 |2 | z2 |2 < | z1 |2 + | z2 |2
or (1 – | z1 |2 (1 – | z2 |2 ) < 0
1 n
(b) Prove that there exists no complex number z such that | z | <
3
and a r zr = 1 where | ar | < 2.
r 1
[JEE-03, 2 + 2 out of 60]
n
r
Sol. a z
r 1
r 1 (where | a | < 2
r
a1 z + a2 z2 + a3 z3 + ... + an zn = 1
| a1 z + a2 z2 + a3 z3 + ... + an zn | = 1 (1)
2 3 n
1 = | a1 z + a2 z + a3 z + ... + an z |
| a1 z | + |a2 z2 | + .. + | an zn |
= | a1 | | z | + | a2 | | z2 | + | a3| | z3| + ...... + | an | | zn |
< 2 [| z | + | z |2 + | z |3 + ..... + | z |n ]
( | ar | < 2, r and | zn | = | z |n)
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
=2
z 1 z n
1 z
z z n 1
= 2
1 z
2 [| z | – | z |n+1] > 1 – | z | ( 1 – | z | > 0 as | z | < 1/3)
3 1 n 1
z z
2 2
|z|> 12 z n 1
3 3
1
|z|>
3
which is a contradiction. Hence, there exists no such complex numbers.
Q.9(a) is an imaginary cube root of unity. If (1 + 2)m = (1 + 4)m , then least positive integral value of m is
(A) 6 (B) 5 (C) 4 (D) 3
[JEE 2004 (Scr)]
Ans. (D)
Sol. (1 + w2)n = (1 + w4)n
(–)n = (1 + )n = (–2)n
n = 1
Hence, the least positive value of n is 3.
( z )
(b) Find centre and radius of the circle determined by all complex numbers z = x + i y satisfying k,
(z )
where 1 i 2 , 1 i 2 are fixed complex and k 1. [JEE 2004, 2 out of 60 ]
k 2 1
Ans. (Centre º 2
k 1
, Radius = 2
(k 1)
| k 2 | 2 k 2 . | | 2 | | 2 . k 2 1 )
Sol.
P K P 1
A( ) B
z
k
z
|z–|=k|z –|
Let points A, B and P represent complex numbers and z. Respectively, Then,
|z–|=k|z–|
Therefore, z is the complex number whose distance from A is k times its distance from B, i.e.,
PA = k PB
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
Hence, P divides AB in the ratio k : 1 internally or externally (at P). Then
k k
P k 1 and P ' k 1
Now through PP' there can pass a number of circles, but with given data we can find radius and center
of that circle for which PP' is diameter. Hence, the center is the midpoint of PP' and is given by
k k
k 1 k 1
2
k 2 k k k 2 k k
=
2 k2 1
k 2
=
k2 1
k 2
=
1 k2
1
Radius = PP '
2
1 k k
=
2 k 1 k 1
1 k 2 k k k 2 k k
=
2 k2 1
Q.10(a) The locus of z which lies in shaded region is best represented by
(A) z : |z + 1| > 2, |arg(z + 1)| < /4
(B) z : |z - 1| > 2, |arg(z – 1)| < /4
(C) z : |z + 1| < 2, |arg(z + 1)| < /2
(D) z : |z - 1| < 2, |arg(z - 1)| < /2
Ans. (A)
Sol. Here we observe that
PA = AQ = AR = 2
Therefore, PRQ is an arc of a circle with center at A and radius 2. Wshaded region is outer (exterior) part of
the sector APRQA.
2)
– 1,
P(2
R (1, 0)
A (–1, 0) N
Q( 2 – 1, 2 )
Hence, for any point x on arc PRQ, we should have
| z – (–1) | = 2
and for shaded region,
|z+1|>2
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
PN 2 2
Also, tan = 1
AN
2 1 1 2
= /4
and by symmetry, arg (z + 1) varies from –/4 to /4 as it move from Q to P on arc QRP. Hence for
shaded region, we also have
–/4 < arg (z + 1) < /4
or | arg (z + 1) | < /4 (2)
Combining (1) and (2), we find that (a) is the correct option.
(b) If a, b, c are integers not all equal and w is a cube root of unity (w 1), then the minimum value of
|a + bw + cw2| is [JEE 2005 (Scr), 3 + 3]
3 1
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) (D)
2 2
Ans. (B)
Sol. Given that a, b, c are integers not all equal, w is cube root of unity 1. Then
| a + b + c2 |
1 i 3 1 i 3
= a b 2
c
2
2a b c b 3 c 3
= 2 i 2
1
= 2a b c 2 3 b c 2
2
1
= 4a 2 b 2 c2 4ab 2bc 4ac 3b 2 3c2 6bc
2
= a 2 b 2 c 2 ab bc ca
1
=
a b 2 b c 2 c a 2
2
R.H.S. will be minimum when a = b = c, but we cannot take a = b = c as per the question. Hence, the
minimum value is obtained when any two are zero and third is a minimum magnitude integer, i.e., 1. Thus,
b = c = 0, a = 1 gives us the minimum value of 1.
(c) If one of the vertices of the square circumscribing the circle |z – 1| = 2 is 2 3 i . Find the other
vertices of square. [JEE 2005 (Mains), 4]
Ans.
( z2 = – 3 i ; z3 = 1 3 i ; z4 = 1 3 i )
Sol. The given circle is | z – 1 | = 2 , where z0 = 1 is the center and 2 is radius of the circle z1 is one of the vertices of the
square inscribed in the given circle.
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
z1 (2 + i 3 )
z2
z0
z4
z3
Clearly, z2 can be obtained by rotating z1 by an angle of 90º in anticlockwise sense about center z0. thus,
z2 – z0 = (z1 – z0) ei/2
z2 – 1 = (2 + i 3 – 1) i
z2 = i – 3 + 1
z2 = (1 – 3 ) + i
Now z0 is midpoint of z1 and z3 and z2 and z4
z1 z3 2 i 3 z3
z0 1
2 2
z3 = – i 3
and
z2 z4
z0
1 3 i z 4
1
2 2
z4 =
3 1 i
w wz
Q.11 If w = + i where 0 and z 1, satisfies the condition that is purely real, then the set of
1 z
values of z is
(A) {z : | z | = 1} (B) {z : z = z ) (C) {z : z 1} (D) {z : | z | = 1, z 1}
[JEE 2006, 3]
Ans. (D)
Sol. Since (w – w z) / (1–z) is purely real, we have
w wz w wz
1 z 1 z
or w wz w wz
1 z 1 z
or w wz wz wzz = w – w z wz wzz
or w – w = (w – w ) | z |2
or | z |2 = 1 ( w = + i and 0)
or | z | = 1
Also given z 1. Therefore, the required set is
{z : | z | = 1, z 1}.
Q.12(a) A man walks a distance of 3 units from the origin towards the North-East (N 45° E) direction. From
there, he walks a distance of 4 units towards the North-West (N 45° W) direction to reach a point P.
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
Then the position of P in the Argand plane is
(A) 3ei 4 + 4i (B) (3 4i )e i 4 (C) (4 3i )e i 4 (D) (3 4i )e i 4
Ans. (D)
Sol.
P(z2)
4
B
Z1
3 A
4
OP OA AP
Rotating OA by an angle 45º in anticlockwise direction to get OP, we have
z2 0 z 2 i
e (when tan = 4/3)
z1 0 z1
z2 0 5
i / 4
cos i sin
3e 3
z2 0 3 4
i / 4
5 i
e 5 5
z2 = (3 + 4i) e i /4
z
(b) If | z | = 1 and z ± 1, then all the values of lie on
1 z2
(A) a line not passing through the origin (B) | z | = 2
(C) the x-axis (D) the y-axis [JEE 2007, 3+3]
Ans. (D)
Sol. Given | z | = 1 and z± 1. To find locus of w = z/(1 – z2).
We have
z z
2
1 z zz z 2
( | z | = 1 | z |2 = 1 zz =1)
1
=
z z
which is a purely imaginary number. Therefore, must lie on the y-axis.
Q.13(a) A particle P starts from the point z0 = 1 + 2i, where i = 1 . It moves first horizontally away from origin
by 5 units and then vertically away from origin by 3 units to reach a point z1. From z1 the particle moves
2 units in the direction of the vector î ˆj and then it moves through an angle 2 in anticlockwise
direction on a circle with centre at origin, to reach a point z2. The point z2 is given by
(A) 6 + 7i (B) – 7 + 6i (C) 7 + 6i (D) – 6 + 7i
Ans. (D)
Sol.
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR)
y
Complex Number
–6+7i 7+6i
6 + 5i
6 + 2i
1+2i
x
O
z0 (1 + 2i)
z1 ( 6 + 5i)
z2 (–6 + 7i)
(b) Comprehension (3 questions together)
Let A, B, C be three sets of complex numbers as defined below
A = z : Im z 1
B = z :| z 2 i | 3
C = z : Re((1 i ) z ) 2
(i) The number of elements in the set A B C is
(A) 0 (B) 1 (C) 2 (D)
(ii) 2 2
Let z be any point in A B C. Then, | z + 1 – i | + | z – 5 – i | lies between
(A) 25 and 29 (B) 30 and 34 (C) 35 and 39 (D) 40 and 44
(iii) Let z be any point in A B C and let w be any point satisfying | w – 2 – i | < 3.
Then, | z | – | w | + 3 lies between [JEE 2008, 3 + 4 + 4 + 4]
(A) –6 and 3 (B) –3 and 6 (C) –6 and 6 (D) –3 and 9
Sol. y
y=1
(–1, 1) (5, 1)
x
O
x+ y= 2
(i) (B)
A is the set of points on and above the line y = 1 in the Argand plane, B is the set of points on the circle
(x – 2)2 + (y – 1)2 = 9 and
C + Re (1 – i) z = Re ((1 – i) (x + iy)
x+y= 2
Hence, A B C has only one point of intersection.
(ii) (C)
The points (–1, 1) and (5, 1) are the extremities of a diameter of the given circle. Hence,
| z + 1 – i |2 + | z – 5 – i |2 = 36
(iii) (D)
| |z| – | w | < | z – w | and | z – w | is the distance between z and w. Here, z is fixed. Hence, distance between
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
z and w would be maximum for diametrically opposite points. Therefore,
| z – w | < 6|
–6 < | z | – | w | < 6
–3 < | z | – | w | + 3 z < 9
15
Q.14 Let z = cos + i sin . Then the value of Im(z 2m1 ) at = 2° is
m 1
1 1 1 1
(A) sin 2 (B) 3 sin 2 (C) 2 sin 2 (D) 4 sin 2
Ans. (D)
Sol. Let z = cos + i sin = ei
15
Then Im(z
m1
2m1
) at = 2º is
15
= Im(e
m 1
i 2m1
)
15
= Im(e
m1
i(2m 1)
)
29 15 2
sin sin
2 2 sin(15)sin(15)
= sin + sin 3 + sin 5+....+ sin 29=
2 sin
sin
2
1
(at 2º )
4sin 2º
Q. 15 Let z = x + iy be a complex number where x and y are integers. Then the area of the rectangle whose
vertices are the roots of the equation zz 3 zz 3 350 is [JEE 2009, 3 + 3]
(A) 48 (B) 32 (C) 40 (D) 80
Ans. (A)
Sol.
z z z 2 z 2 350
Putting z = x + iy, we have
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
x 2
y2 x 2
y 2 175
(x2 + y2) (x2 – y2) = 5 × 5 × 7
x2 + y2 = 25
and x2 – y2 = 7
(as other combinations give non integral values of x and y)
x = ± 4,y = ± 3 (x, y I)
Hence, area is 8 × 6 = 48 sq. units.
Q. 16 Let z1 and z2 be two distinct complex numbers and let z = (1 – t)z1 + tz2 for some real number t with
0 < t < 1. If Arg(w) denotes the principal argument of a non-zero complex numbers w, then
(A) |z – z1| + |z – z2| = |z1 – z2| (B) Arg(z – z1) = Arg(z – z2) [JEE 2010]
z z1 z z1
(C) z z 0 (D) Arg(z – z1) = Arg(z2 – z1)
2 1 z2 z1
Ans. (A, C, D)
Sol. Given z = (1 – t) z1 + t z2
1 t z1 tz 2
z
1 t t
z divides the line segment joining z1 and z2 in ratio
(1 – t) : t internally as 0 < t < 1
z, z1, and z2 are collinear,
arg (z – z1) = arg (z2 – z1)
1 zz
1 zz
z z z z
2 1 2 1
1 1zz zz
z z z z 0
2 1 2 1
P(z)
A(z1) B(z1)
AP + PB = AB
| z – z1 | + | z – z2 | = | z1 – z2 |
2 2
Q. 17 Let be the complex number cos + i sin . Then the number of distinct complex numbers
3 3
z 1 2
z satisfying z 2 1 0 is equal to [JEE 2010]
1 z
Ans. (1)
Sol. w = e i 2/3
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
z 1 2
z 2 1 0
2 1 z
Applying (C1 C1 + C2 + C3)
1 2
z 1 z 2 1 0
1 1 z
z3 = 0
z = 0 is only solution.
Q. 18 [Note : Here z takes the values in the complex plane and Im z and Rez denote, respectively, the imaginary
part and the real part of z] [JEE 2010]
Column I Column II
4
(A) The set of point z satisfying |z – i|z|| = |z + i |z|| (P) an ellipse with eccentricity
5
is contained in or equal to
(B) The set of points z satisfying |z + 4| + |z – 4| = 10 (Q) the set of points z satisfying Im z = 0
is contained in or equal to
(C) If |w| = 2, then the set of points z = w – 1/w is (R) the set of points z satisfying |Im z| 1
contained in or equal to
(D) If |w| = 1, then the set of points z = w + 1/w is (S) the set of points z satisfying |Im z| 2
contained in or equal to
(T) the set of points z satisfying |z| 3
Ans. (A Q, R ; B P ; C P, T ; DQ, R, S, T)
z z
Sol. (A Q) z i z i , z 0
z
z is unimodular complex number
and lies on perpendicular bisector of i and –i
z
z 1 z 1 z
z is real number Im (z) = 0.
(B P)
| z + 4 | + | z – 4 | = 10
z lies on an ellipse whose focus are (4, 0) and (–4, 0) and length of major axis is 10
2ae = 8 and 2a = 10 e = 4/5
| Re (z) | 5.
(C P, T)
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
| | = 2 w = 2 (cos + i sin )
1
z = x + iy = 2 (cos + i sin ) – (cos – i sin )
2
3 5 x2 y2
= cos i sin 1
2 2 3 / 2 2 5 / 2 2
9/4 9 16 4
e2 1 1 e
25 / 4 25 25 5
(D Q, R,S,T)
| | = 1 x + iy = cos + i sin + cos – i sin x + iy = 2 cos
| Re (z) | 1, Im (z) = 0.
1 a b
Q. 19 Let 1 be a cube root of unity and S be the set of all non-singular matrices of the form 1 c ,
2 1
where each of a, b and c is either or 2. Then the number of distinct matrices in the set S is
(A) 2 (B) 6 (C) 4 (D) 8 [JEE 2011]
Ans. (A)
1 a b
Sol. Sol. 1 c 0
2 1
(1 c) a( 2c) b(2 2 ) 0
1 c a ac2 0
1 c a 1 c 0
1 c 1 c 0
c 2 & a 2 & b or 2
(a, b, c) (, , ) or (, 2 , )
Q. 20 If z is any complex number satisfying |z – 3 – 2i| 2, then the minimum value of |2z – 6 + 5i| is
[JEE 2011]
Ans. (5)
Sol. | z – 3 – 2i | 2
z lies on or inside the circle radius 2 and center (3, 2)
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
C(3, 2)
(0,0) B(3,0)
A(3, –5/2)
| 2 z – 6 + 5i|min
= 2 | z – 3 + (5/2) i |min
= (minimum distance of any point on the circle to the point (3, –5/2)
= 2 (5/2) = 5
Q. 21 Let = ei/3, and a, b, c, x, y, z be non-zero complex numbers such that
a+b+c=x [JEE 2011]
a + b + c2 = y
a + b2 + c = z
| x |2 | y |2 | z |2
Then the value of is
| a |2 | b |2 | c |2
Ans. (Bouns)
Sol. The expression may not attain integral value for all a, b, c.
If we consider a = b = c, then
y = a (1 + + 2) = a (1 + i 3 )
z = a (1 + 2 + ) = a (1 + i 3 )
| x |2 + | y |2 + | z |2 = 9 | a |2 + 4 | a |2 + 4 | a |2 = 17| a |2
2 2 2
x y z 17
2 2 2
a b c 3
Note : However if = e i(2/3), then the value of the expression = 3.
Q. 22 Match the statement given in Column I with the values given in Column II [JEE 2011]
Column I Column II
(A) If a ˆj 3kˆ , b ˆj 3kˆ and c 2 3kˆ form a triangle, then (P)
6
the internal angle of the triangle between a and b is
b
2
(B) If (f(x) – 3x) dx = a2 – b2, then the value of f is (Q)
a 6 3
5/6
2
(C) The value of (sec (x) dx is
ln 3 7/6
(R)
3
1
(D) The maximum value of Arg for |z| = 1, z 1 is given by (S)
1 z
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
(T)
2
Ans. (A Q ; B P ; C S ; D T)
Sol. (A)
–ab 1 2
cos
| – a || b | 2 3
b
2 2
(B) (f (x) – 3x(x)) dx a b
a
differentiating w.r.t (b)
f(b) – 3b = – 2b
So, f ; if a = b then any value of f(x) is possible
6 6
5/6
2
(C) sec x dx
n 3 7/6
2 5/6
n |sec x tan x | 7/6
n 3
n3
n 3
(D) |z| = 1
z = cos + i sin . (– , ] 0.
1 1 1 i cot 2
Arg Arg Arg
(1 z) (1 cos i sin ) 2 2
so maximum value of .
2
Q.23 Match the statements given in column I with the intervals/union of intervals given in Column II
Column I Column II [JEE 2011]
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
2iz
(A) The set Re 2
: z is a complex number, | z | 1, z 1 (P) (–, –1) (1, )
1 z
8(3) x 2
(B) The domain of the function f(x) = sin–1 2(x 1) is (Q) (–, 0) (0, )
1 3
1 tan 1
(C) If f() = tan 1 tan , then the set (R) [2, )
1 tan 1
f ( ) : 0
2
(D) 3/2
If f(x) = x (3x – 10), x 0, then f(x) is increasing in (S) (–, –1] [1, )
(T) (–, 0] [2, )
Ans. (A S ; B T ; C R ; D R)
Sol. (A) Let z = cos + i sin
2iz 2i(cos i sin )
so 2
– cos ec
1 z 1 cos 2 i sin 2
2iz
so Re – cosec (– ] [1, )
1 z2
8 3x 2 8 3x
(B) Let 3x = Let 3x = t
1 32x – 2 9 32x
8 3x 8t
So f(x) = sin –1
2x
sin 1
9–3 9 t2
8t
–1 1 on solving x (– , 0] [2, ) {1}
9 t2
(C) f() = 2sec2so f() [2, )
(D) f(x) = 3x5/2 – 10x3/2
15 x
f '(x) (x 2)
2
So f(x) is increasing for f (x) 0
x [2, )
Q.24 Let z be a complex number such that the imaginary part of z is non-zero and a = z2 + z + 1 is real. Then
a cannot take the value [JEE 2012]
1 1 3
(A) –1 (B) (C) (D)
3 2 4
Ans. (D)
Sol. Given equation is z2 + z + 1 – a = 0
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
Clearly this equation do not have real roots if
D<0
1 – 4 (1 – a) < 0
4a < 3
3
a<
4
1 z
Q.25 If z is a complex number of unit modulus and argument , then arg equals :
1 z
(A) – (B) – (C) – (D) [IIT JEE Main 2013]
2
Ans. (D)
Sol. |z| = 1
1 z
arg = arg (1 + z)2
1 z
= 2 arg(1 + z) =
1
Q.26 Let complex number and lie on circles (x – x0)2 + (y – y0)2 = r2 and (x – x0)2 + (y – y0)2 = 4r2,
respectively. If z0 = x0 + iy0 satisfies the equation 2|z0|2 = r2 + 2, then || = [IIT JEE Advance 2013]
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 7 3
Ans. (C)
Sol. Given circle are (x – x0)2 + (y – y0)2 = r2 and (x – x0)2 + (y – y0)2 = 4r2
or | z – z0 | = r ....(1)
and | z – z0 | = 2r ....(2)
where z0 = x0 + iy0
1
Now and lies on circle (1) and (2), respectively, Then
1
| – z0 | = r and z 0 2r
| – z0 | = r and | 1 – z0 | = 2r 2
| – z0 |2 = r2 and | 1 – z0 |2 = 4r2 | |2
Subtracting, we get | 1 – z0 |2 – | – z0 |2 = 4r2 | |2 – r2
1 + |z0 |2 – z0 – z0 – (| |2 + | z0 |2 – z0 – z0 ) = 4r2 | |2 – r2
1 + | |2 | z0 |2 – | |2 – | z0 |2 = 4r2 | |2 – r2
(1 – | |2) (1 – | z0 |2) = 4r2 | |2 – r2
Given 2 | z0 |2 = r2 + 2
r2 2
(1 – | |2) 1 = 4r2 | |2 – r2
2
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
r 2
(1 – | |2 = 4r2 | |2 – r2
2
| |2 – 1 = 8 | |2 – 2
1
2
7
1
||=
7
Q.27 Let be a complex cube root of unity with 1 and P = [pij] be a n × n matrix with pij = i+j. Then
P2 0, when n = [IIT JEE Advance 2013]
(A) 57 (B) 55 (C) 58 (D) 56
Ans. (B,C,D)
Sol. Clearly n must not be multiple of 3
3 i 1
Q.28 Let w = and P = {w n : n = 1, 2, 3, .....}. Further H 1 = z C : Re z and
2 2
1
H2 = z C : Re z , where C is the set of all complex numbers. If z1 P H1, Z2 P H2
2
and O represents the origin, then z1Oz2 = [IIT JEE Advance 2013]
2 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 6 3 6
Ans. ()
i n
3 i i
Sol. w e 6 , so wn = e 6 , n = 0, 1, 2, 3, ...., 12
2
B1 A3
B2 A2
O
B3 A1
x = –1/2 x=½
Now, for z1, cos n 1 and for z2, cos n 1
6 2 6 2
Possible position of z1 are A1, A2, A3 whereas of z2 are B1, B2, B3 (as shown in the figure)
2 5
So possible value of z1 Oz2 according to the given options is or
3 6
Comprehension (Q. 29 to Q.30)
Let S = S1 S2 S3, where [IIT JEE Advance 2013]
z 1 3i
S1 = {z C : |z| < 4}, S2 = z C : Im 0 and S3 = {z C : Re z > 0}
1 3i
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
Q. 29 min
zS
|1 – 3i – z| =
2 3 2 3 3 3 3 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
2 2 2 2
Q. 30 Area of S =
10 20 16 32
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 3 3
Ans. (B)
Sol. (i)S1 : | z | < 4, z lies inside the circle or radius 4
S2 : 3x y 0 , z lies above the line 3x y 0
S3 : Re (z) > 0, z lies to the right of imaginary axis.
y + 3x = 0
60º
60º
2 2
x + y < 16
Area of region S1 S2 S3 = Shaded area
42 42 1 1 20
= 42
4 6 4 6 3
Ans. (C)
3 3 1 3 3
Sol. (ii)Distance of (1, –3) from y + 3 x = 0 is
2 2
3 3
min
zs | 1 – 3i – z | =
2
1
Q.31 If z is a complex number such that |z| 2, then the minimum value of z [IIT JEE Mains 2014]
2
3 5 5
(A) Is strictly greater than but less than (B) Is equal to
2 2 2
5
(C) Lies in the interval (1, 2) (D) Is strictly greater than
2
Ans. (C)
Sol. |z| 2
1 1 1
|z| z |z|
2 2 2
1 3
Z
2 min 2
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
2k 2k
Q.32 Let zk = cos + i sin 10 ; k = 1, 2, ..... 9. [IIT JEE Advance 2014]
10
List I List II
(P) For each zk there exists a zj such that (1) True
zk . zj = 1
(Q) There exists a k {1, 2, .....9} such that (2) False
z1 . z = zk has no solution z in the set of
complex numbers
|1 z1 ||1 z 2 | ...... |1 z 9 |
(R) equals (3) 1
10
9
2k
(S) 1– cos
k 1 10
equals (4) 2
Codes :
P Q R S
(A) 1 2 4 3
(B) 2 1 3 4
(C) 1 2 3 4
(D) 2 1 4 3
Ans. (C)
Sol. (p) z4 is 10th root of unity
So, zk will also be 10th root of unity..
Take zj as zk .
kk
(q) z1 0 take z = , we can always find z.
z1
(r) z10 – 1 = (z – 1) (z – z1) ........ (z – z9)
(z – z1) (z – z2) .... (z – z9)
= 1 + z + z2 + .... + z9 z complex number
Put z = 1
(1 – z1) (1 – z2) ..... (1 – z9) = 10
1 z1 1 z 2 ...... 1 z9
1
10
(s) 1 + z1 + z2 + .... + z9 = 0
Re (1) + Re (z1) + ...... + Re (z9) = 0
Re (z1) + Re (z2) + .... + Re (z9) = –1
Q.33 A complex number z is said to be unimodular if |z| = 1. Suppose z1 and z2 are complex numbers such that
z1 2z 2
2 z1 z2 is unimodular and z2 is not unimodular. Then the point z1 lies on a : [JEE Mains 2015]
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
(A) circle of radius 2 (B) straight line parallel to x-axis
(C) straight line parallel to y-axis (D) circle of radius 2
Ans. (D)
z1 – 2z2
Sol. 1
2 – z1 z2
(z1 – 2z2) z1 – 2z2 2 – z1z2 2 – z1z2
2
| z1 |2 –2z1 z2 – 2z2 z1 4 z2 4 – 2z1z2 – 2z1 z2
2 2
z1 z2
2 2 2 2
z1 z2 – z1 – 4 z2 40
z 1
2
–4 z 2
2
–1 0
|z1| = 2
k k
Q.34 For any integer k, let ak = cos + i sin , where i = 1 . The value of the expression
7 7
12
| ak 1
k 1 ak |
3
is [JEE Advance 2015]
| a
k 1
4k 1 a 4k 2 |
Ans. (4)
k
k k i
Sol. k cos i sin e7
7 7
12
k 1
k 1 k
3
k 1
4k 1 4k 2
12 k 1 i k
i
k 1
e 7 e 7
=
3 4k 1
i
4k 2 i
k 1
e 7 e 7
12 k i
i
k 1
e7 e 7 1
= 4k 2 i i
3
k 1
e 7 e 7 1
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
12
1k 1
k 4k 2
e 7 i e 7 i 1
= 3
1k 1
12
= 4
3
1
a2
1 a1
1 1
and a 3
1 a2 1 1
1 a1
1 a1
=
a1
Since a3 = a1, we have 1 a1 a1
a1
a12 a1 1 0
a1 = –w or – w2
Now , a 3 1
1 a4
1
= 1
1
1 a3
1 a
= a 3
3
1 a
= a 3 a1 a 3 and so on
1
a1 = a3 = a5 ..... a2001
Thus, (a2001)2001 = (–w)2001 or (–w2)2001 = –1
2 3i sin
Q.35 A value of for which is purely imaginary, is : [JEE Mains 2016]
1 2i sin
3 1
(A) (B) (C) sin–1 (D) sin–1
3 6 4 3
Ans. (D)
Sol. z = –Z
2 3i sin –(2 3i sin )
=
1 – 2i sin 1 – 2i sin
2 + 4i sin + 3i sin – 6 sin2
= –[(2 – 3i sin) – 4i sin – 6 sin2 ]
4 – 12 sin2 = 0
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
1
sin2 =
3
1
sin2 = ± 3
1
= sin–1 3
1
Q.36 Let a, b R and a2 + b2 0. Suppose S = z C : z , t R, t 0 , where i = 1 .
a ibt
If z = x + iy and z S, then (x, y) lies on
1 1
(A) The circle with radius and centre ,0 for a > 0, b 0 [JEE Advance 2016]
2a 2a
1 1
(B) The circle with radius – and centre ,0 for a < 0, b 0
2a 2a
(C) The x-axis for a 0, b = 0
(D) The y-axis for a = 0, b 0
Ans. (ACD)
a ibt
Sol. x + iy =
a b2 t 2
2
a bt
x= ......(i) ; y= .....(ii)
a b2 t 2
2
a b2 t 2
2
If a = 0, b 0, x = 0 (D)
If a 0, b = 0, y = 0 (C)
a bt
a2 + b2t2 = & a2 + b2t2 = y
x
a bt ay
t .....(iii)
x y bx
Putting (iii) in (i)
a 2 y2 a 2 y2
x a 2 b 2 2 2 a ; x a 2 2 a
b x x
a2(x2 + y2) = ax
1
x2 + y2 – x = 0
a
1
circle with centre ,0 ;
2a
2
radius = 1 02 0 1
2a 2a
1 3 i (z)r z 2s
Q.37 Let z = , where i = 1 and r, s {1, 2, 3}. Let P = 2s and I be the identity matrix
2 z zr
of order 2. Then the total number of ordered pairs (r, s) for which P2 = – I is : [JEE Advance 2016]
Ans. (1)
Sol. z = (where is cube root of unity)
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
() r 2s
P=
2s r
() r 2s ()r 2s
P = 2s
2
r 2s r
2r 4s (1)r 2s r r 2s 1 0
= r 2s r
(1) r 2s 2r 4s 0 1
2r + 4s = –1, ((–1)r + 1)2s+r = 0 ; r, s {1, 2, 3}
second equation represent r = 1, 3
Case-I r=1
4s = – 1 – 2 = s=1
Case-II r = 3
4s = – 1 – 1 = – 2 No value of s is possible
The number of ordered pairs (r, s) = 1
1 1 1
2 2
Q.38 Let be a complex number such that 2 + 1 = z where z = 3 . If 1 1 3k, then k is
1 2 7
equal to [JEE Mains 2017]
(A) –z (B) z (C) –1 (D) 1
Ans. (A)
3 0 0
1 – – 1 22
Sol. = 3k
1 2
3(2 – ) 4 = 3k
1––=k
–2 – 1 = k = –z
Q.39 Let a, b, x and y be real numbers such that a – b = 1 and y 0. If the complex number z = x + iy satisfies
az b
Im y, then which of the following is/are possible values of x ? [JEE Adv. 2017]
z 1
(A) 1 1 y 2 (B) 1 1 y 2 (C) 1 1 y 2 (D) 1 1 y 2
Ans. (BD)
a(x iy) b ax b iay (x 1) iy
Sol.
x iy 1 x 1 iy (x 1) iy
(ax b)(x 1) ay 2 i(ay(x 1) y(ax b))
=
(x 1)2 y 2 (x 1)2 y 2
ay(x 1) y(ax b) ay by
y y
(x 1)2 y 2 (x 1)2 y2
( a – b = 1, y 0)
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
(x + 1)2 + y2 = 1 x + y = ± 1 y2
x = –1 ± 1 y2
Q. 40 For a non-zero complex number z, let arg(z) denotes the principal argument with – < arg(z) .
Then, which of the following statement(s) is (are) FALSE ? [JEE Adv. 2018]
(A) arg(–1 – i) = , where i = 1
4
(B) The function f : R (–, ], defined by f(t) = arg(–1 + it) for all t R, is continuous at all points
of R, where i = 1
z
(C) For any two non-zero complex numbers z1 and z2, arg 1 – arg(z1) + arg(z2) is an integer multiple
z2
of 2.
(D) For any three given distinct complex numbers z1, z2 and z3, the locus of the point z satisfying the
(z z1)(z2 z3)
condition arg , lies on a straight line.
(z z3)(z2 z1)
Ans. (ABD)
3
Sol. (A) arg(–1–i) = ,
4
tan1 t , t 0
(B) f(t) = arg (–1 + it) = 1
tan t , t 0
Discontinuous at t = 0
z1
(C) arg z arg z1 arg z2 = 2n.
2
= argz1 – arg(z2) + 2n –arg(z1) + a rg(z2)
z z1 z
2 z
3
(D) arg z z z z
3 2 1
z z1 z2 z3
z z3 z2 z1 is real .
z, z1, z2 , z3 are concyclic.
Q. 41 Let s, t, r be the non-zero complex numbers and L be the set of solutions z = x + iy (x, y R, i = 1 )
of the equation sz + tz + r = 0, z = x – iy. Then, which of the following statement(s) is (are) TRUE ?
(A) If L has exactly one element, then |s| |t| [JEE Adv. 2018]
(B) If |s| = |t|, then L has infinitely many elements
(C) The number of elements in L {z : |z – 1 + i| = 5} is at most 2
(D) If L has more than one element, then L has infinitely many elements
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
Ans. (ACD)
Sol. Given
sz tz r 0 ......(1)
on taking conjugate sz tz r 0 .....(2)
from (1) and (2) elliminating z
z s
2
t
2
= r t rs
(A) If |s| |t| then z has unique value
(B) If |s| = |t| then r t rs may or may not be zero so L may be empty set
(C) locus of z is noll set or singleton set or a line in all cases it will intersect given circle at most two points.
(D) In this case locus of z is a line so L has infinite elements
i
Q. 42 All the points in the set S
: R i 1 lie on a : [JEE Mains 2019]
i
(A) circle whose radius is 1 (B) straight line whose slope is 1
(C) straight line whose slope is –1 (D) circle whose radius is 2
Ans. (A)
i ei
Sol. let = = e2i
i e i
cos2 + isin2
Which lies on circle of radius = 1
3 2isin
Q. 43 Let A 0 , : is purely imaginary . Then the sum of the elements in A is
2 1 2isin
[JEE Mains 2019]
3 2
(A) (B) (C) (D)
6 4 3
Ans. (D)
3 2i sin
Sol. Pure Imaginary
1 2i sin
3 2 i sin
Re 1 2i sin 0
3 – 4 sin2 = 0
3
sin
2
2
– , ,
3 3 3
Q.44 Let z0 be a root of the quadratic equation, x2 + x + 1 = 0. If z = 3 + 6iz81 93
0 3iz 0 , then arg z is equal
to :- [JEE Mains 2019]
(A) (B) (C) 0 (D)
4 3 6
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
Ans. (A)
Sol.
Z = 3 + 6iZ81 93
0 3iZ0
= 3 6iw81 3iw93
= 3 + 3i
arg (z) = /4
(1 i) 2 2
Q.45 If a > 0 and z , has magnitude , then z is equal to : [JEE Mains 2019]
a i 5
3 1 1 3 1 3 1 3
(A) i (B) i (C) i (D) i
5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5
Ans. (C)
2i a i
Sol. z = a i a i
2ai 2
z=
a2 1
4 4a2 2
|z| = 2
(a 1)2
2 =
a 2
1 2
a 1
2
2 = 2/5
a 1
4 2
2
a2 + 1 = 10
a 1 5
a = 3
a > 0 a = 3
6i 2
z=
10
2 6i 1 3i
z z
10 5
5 3z
Q.46 Let z C be such that |z| < 1. If , then : [JEE Mains 2019]
5(1 z)
(A) 5Im() < 1 (B) 4Im() > 5 (C) 5Re() > 1 (D) 5Re() > 4
Ans. (C)
Sol. |z| < 1
5 ( 1 – z) = 5 + 3z
5 – 5z = 5 + 3z
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
1
|z| = 5 3 5 1
5| – 1| < |3 + 5|
3
5| – 1|< 5 5
1
5
5 Re() > 1
3 i
Q.47 If z i 1 . then (1 + iz + z5 + iz8)9 is equal to : [JEE Mains 2019]
2 2
(A) –1 (B) 1 (C) 0 (D) (–1 + 2i)9
Ans. (A)
3 i
Sol. z=
2 2
z = cos i sin
6 6
z = ei 6
z6 = 1
9
1 2
1 iz z iz
9
2
i i i / 2 / 3
1 e 3 e 6 e
9
1 i 3 3 i 3 i
1
2 2 2 2 2 2
9
1 i 3
2
9
i 3 i3
e e 1
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
Q.48 Let z1 and z2 be two complex numbers satisfying |z1| = 9 and |z2 –3 – 4i| = 4. Then the minimum value of
|z1 – z2| is:
[JEE Mains 2019]
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 1 (D) 2
Ans. (A)
Sol. |z1| =9 |z2 – 3 – 4i| = 4
Circle with centre = (0, 0), radius = 9 Circle with centre = (3, 4) radius = 4
c1c2 = 5
|r1 – r2| = 5
Circle touches Internally
minm value of |z1 – z2| is = 0
z
Q.49 If R is a purely imaginary number and |z| = 2, then a value of is: [JEE Mains 2019]
z
1
(A) 2 (B) 1 (C) (D) 2
2
Ans. (A)
za z
Sol. =0
za z
2
zz + z – z – + zz – z –
2 2
|z| =
= ±2
Q.50 Let z be a complex number such that |z| + z = 3 + i where i 1 . Then |z| is equal to :
[JEE Mains 2019]
34 5 41 5
(A) (B) (C) (D)
3 3 4 4
Ans. (B)
Sol. | z | z 3 i
x2 y2 x 3 , y = 1
x2 1 3 x
x 2 1 9 x 2 – 6x
6x = 8
4
x
3
4
z= i
3
16 5
|z| = 1 =
9 3
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
3
1 x iy
Q.51 Let 2 i i 1 , where x and y are real numbers, then y – x equals :
3 27
[JEE Mains 2019]
(A) 91 (B) –85 (C) 85 (D) –91
Ans. (A)
3
1 x iy
Sol. 2 3 i =
27
3
6 i x iy
3 =
27
3
6 i x iy
=
27 27
–(216 + 108i + 18i2 + i3) = (x + iy)
– (216 + 108i – 18 – i) = (x + iy)
–(198 + 107i) = x + iy
x = – 198, y = –107
y – x = –107 + 198 = 91
5 5
3 i 3 i
Q.52 Let z . If R (z) and I(z) respectively denote the real and imaginary parts of z,
2 2 2 2
then: [JEE Mains 2019]
(A) I (z) = 0 (B) R (z) > O and I (z) >0
(C) R (z) < 0 an I (z) > 0 (D) R (z) = – 3
Ans. (A)
5 5
Sol. Z = cos isin cos sin
6 6 6 6
5 5 5 5
= cos i sin cos i sin 6
6 6 6
5 5 5
= cos isin cos isin
6 6 6 6
3
Re (Z) = – 2 Im(z) = 0
2
3z1 2z 2
Q.53 Let z1 and z2 be any two non - zero complex numbers such that 3|z1| = 4 |z2|. If z 2z 3z , then:
2 1
[JEE Mains 2019]
5 1 17
(A) Re(z) = 0 (B) | z | (C) | z | (D) Im(z) = 0
2 2 2
Ans. (Bonus)
z1 4 3z1 3 4
Sol.
z2 3 2z2 = 2 3
using polar form :
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
3z1
2z1 = 2cis = 2cos + 3isin
2z2 1 1 1
3z1 = 2 cos i sin = 2
cos i sin
5 3
z= cos i sin
2 2
all options are wrong
Q.54 Let S be the set of all complex numbers z satisfying | z 2 i | 5 . If the complex number z0 is such
1 1 4 z 0 z0
that | z 1| is the maximum of the set : z S , then the principal argument of
0 | z 1| z 0 z0 2i
is : [JEE Advanced 2019]
3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
4 2 4 2
Ans. (B)
1
Sol. |z – 2 + i| 5 for max of z0 1
min|z0 – 1|
1
mCA = tan = = =–1
1
Now use parametric coordinate = 135°
1 1
P(z0) = 2 5. , 1 5
2 2
5 5
z0 = 2 2 , 1 2
4 z0 z0
arg z z 2i
0 0
5
4 2 2
2
arg
2i 2 1 5
i
2
10
1
arg arg
i 10 i
arg(–i) =
2
Q.55 Let 1 be a cube root of unity. Then the minimum of the set {|a + b + c2|2 : a , b , c
distinct non-zero integers} equals ____ [JEE Advanced 2019]
Ans. 3
2
Sol. a b c2
= a b c
2
a b
2
c
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
1 1
2
2 2
= a b c ab bc ca =
2
a b
2
(b c)2 (c a)2 =
2
1 1 4 = 3
Q.56 If z and w are two complex numbers such that |zw| = 1 and arg(z) – arg (w) = , then :
2
[JEE (Main) 2019]
1 i 1 i
(A) zw i (B) zw i (C) zw (D) zw
2 2
Ans. (B)
Sol. let w=rei w r
1
| z || w | 1 z
r
arg z = / 2 +
1 i( 2 )
z e
r
1 i( 2 ) i
zw e .re
r
= e i 2
= -i
3 i sin
Q.57 If ,[0, 2], is a real number, then an argument of sinicosis :[JEE Mains 2020]
4 i cos
(A) – tan –1 4 (B) – tan –1 3 (C) – tan –1 3 (D) tan –1 4
3 4 4 3
Ans. (A)
z
3 i sin 4 i cos
Sol. 4 i cos 4 i cos
3
as z is purely real 3 cos + 4 sin = 0 tan =
4
cos 4 4
arg(sin + icos) = + tan-1 = + tan-1 3 = - tan-1
sin 3
Q.58 If the equation, x2 + bx + 45 = 0 (b R) has conjugate complex roots and they satisfy | z 1| 2 10 ,
then : [JEE Mains 2020]
(A) b2 + b = 12 (B) b2 – b = 42 (C) b2 – b = 30 (D) b2 + b = 72
Ans. (C)
Sol. x2 + bx = 45 = 0 (b R)
has roots + i, – i
sum of roots = – b = 2
product of roots = 45 = 2 + 2
|z + 1| = 2 10
( + 1)2 +2 = 40
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
2 2
b b
1 + 45 – 2 = 40
2
b2 b2
1 b 45 – = 40
4 4
b=6
zi 5
Q.59 Let z be a complex number such that 1 and z . Then the value of |z + 3i| is :
z 2i 2
[JEE Mains 2020]
7 15
(A) 10 (B) (C) (D) 2 3
2 4
Ans. (B)
z-i 5
1 ,z 2 2 2 2
2 x y 1 x y 2
Sol. z +2i
1 5
y ...(1) z
2 2
25
x2 y2
4
from eq.(1)
x 6
i i
z 6 or 6
2 2
5i 25 49 7
|z + 3i| 6 6
2 4 4 2
Q.60 If z be a complex number satisfying Re( z ) Im( z ) = 4, then | z | cannot be : [JEE Mains 2020]
(A) 7 (B) 17 (C) 10 (D) 8
2
Ans. (A)
Sol. z = x + iy
|x| + |y| = 4
Minimum value of |z| = 2 2
Maximum value of |z| = 4
z 8, 16
So |z| can’t be 7
1/ 2 1/ 2
Q.62 The imaginary part of 3 2 54 3 2 54 can be : [JEE Mains 2020]
(A) 6 (B) 2 6 (C) 6 (D) 6
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
Ans. (B)
1/2 1/2
Sol. 3 2i 54
– 3 2i 54
1/2 1/2
= 9 6i2 2.3i 6
– 9 6i2 2.3i 6
1/2 1/2
2 2
= 3 6i
- 3 6i
= 3 6i 3 6i = - 2 6 i
m n
1 i 2 1 i 3
Q.63 If 1, (m, n N) then the greatest common divisor of the least values of m and n
1 i i 1
is ............. [JEE (Main) 2020]
Ans. (4)
m n
1 i 1 i 2 1 i 1 i 3
Sol. 1
1 i 1 i 1 i 1 i
m n
2i 2 1 i i 1 3
1 1
2 11
m=8
(-i)n/3 = 1
n = 12
greatest common divisor of m & n is 4
Q.64 If z1, z2 are complex numbers such that Re(z1) = |z1 – 1|, Re(z2) = |z2– 1| and arg (z1– z2) = ,
6
then Im(z1+ z2) is equal to: [JEE Mains 2020]
2 1 3
(A) 2 3 (B) (C) (D)
3 3 2
Ans. (A)
Sol. z1 = x1 + iy1 , z2 = z2 + iy2
x12 = (x1 - 1)2 + y12 .....(1)
y12 - 2x1 + 1 = 0
x22 = (x2 - 1)2 + y22
y22 – 2x2 — 1 = 0 ....(2)
from equation (1) – (2)
(y12 - y22) + 2 (x2 - x1) = 0
(y1 + y2) (y1 - y2) = 2(x1 - x2)
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
x1 x 2
y1 + y2 = 2
y1 y 2
arg (z1 - z2) =
6
y y2
tan1 1
x1 x2 6
y1 y 2 1
x1 x 2 3
y1 y2 2 3
2z i
Q.65 Let u , z = x +iy and k > 0. If the curve represented by Re(u) + Im(u) = 1 intersects the y-axis
z ki
at the points P and Q where PQ = 5, then the value of k is : [JEE Mains 2020]
(A) 4 (B) 1/2 (C) 2 (D) 3/2
Ans. (C)
2z i
Sol. u , z = x + iy
z ki
2x i 2y 1 x i y k
=
x i y k x i y k
2x2 2y 1 y k i 2xy x 2xy 2xk
2
x2 y k
Re(u) + Img(u) = 1
2x2 + (2y+1) (y – k ) + x + 2xk = x2 + (y – k)2
at y - axis, x = 0
(2y + 1) (y – k) = (y – k )2
2y2 + y – 2yk – k = y2 + k2 – 2yk
y2 + y – (k + k2) = 0 (y1, y2)
diff. of roots = 5
1 4k 4k 2 5
4k2 + 4k = 24
k2 + k – 6 = 0
(k + 3) (k – 2) = 0
k=2
1 i 3
Q.66 If a and b are real numbers such that (2 )4 a b , where then a + b is equal to:
2
[JEE Mains 2020]
(A) 33 (B) 57 (C) 9 (D) 24
Ans. (C)
Sol. (2 ) 4 a b
4
3i 1
2 a b
2
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
4 4
3 3i 3 i
9
2 2 2
4
1 3i
9 9 3
9 ei /6 = 9ei 2 /3 = 9 = i
2 2 2 2
9 9 3 1 i 3
i = a b
2 2 2 2
b bi 3
= a
2 2
b 3 9 3
b9
2 2
a = 0 a + b = 9
Q.67 If the four complex numbers z, z , z – 2Re ( z ) and z – 2Re(z) represent the vertices of a square of side
4 units in the Argand plane, then |z| is equal to: [JEE Mains 2020]
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 4 2 (D) 2 2
Ans. (D)
(z-2Re(z)) 4 C(z-2Re(z))
x+iy-2x x-iy -2x
(-x,y) (-x,-y)
4 4
Sol.
A(z) (x,y) 4 B (z) (x, -y)
Let z = x + iy
CA2 = AB2 + BC2
22x2 + 22y2 = 32
x2 + y2 = 8
x2 y 2 2 2
30
1 i 3
Q.68 The value of is: [JEE Mains 2020]
1 i
(A) 215i (B) –215 (C) –215i (D) 65
Ans. (C)
30 30
1 i 3 1 i 3
Sol. 1 i
1i 2
30
30 1 i 215 i
Q.69 The region represented by {z = x + iy C : |z| – Re(z) 1} is also given by the inequality:
{z = x + iy C : |z| – Re(z) 1} [JEE Mains 2020]
1 1
(A) y2 2 x (B) y2 x + (C) y2 2(x + 1) (D) y2 x + 1
2 2
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
Ans. (A)
Sol. {z = x + iy c : |z| –Re(z) 1}
|z| = x2 y 2
Re(z) = x
|z| – Re(z) 1
x2 y 2 – x 1
x2 y 2 1 + x
x2 + y2 1 + x2 + 2x
1
y2 2 x
2
Q.70 Let z = x + iy be a non-zero complex number such that z2 = i|z|2, where i 1 , then z lies on the
[JEE Mains 2020]
(A) line, y = x (B) real axis (C) imaginary axis (D) line, y = –x
Ans. (A)
Sol. z = x + iy
z2 = i |z|2
x2 – y2 + 2i x y = i(x2 + y2)
x2 – y2 = 0 x2 = y2
2xy = x2 + y2
(x – y)2 = 0 x = y
Q.71 Let S be the set of all complex numbers z satisfying |z2 + z + 1| = 1. Then which of the following
statements is/are TRUE ? [JEE Advanced 2020]
1 1
(A) z for all z S (B) |z| 2 for all z S
2 2
1 1
(C) z for all z S (D) The set S has exactly four elements
2 2
Ans. (BC)
Sol. |z2+ z + 1|= 1
Let z2 + z + 1 = ei
as |z2+ z + 1| = 1
z2 + z + 1 – ei= 0
1 1 4 4ei
Z=
2
1 1
Z+ = 4ei 3
2 2
1 1
Z+
2
=
2
4 cos 3 i4 sin
1/2
1 1 2 2
z = 4 cos 3 4 sin
2 2
Let a = (4cos – 3) +i4sin
2
|a|= 4cos 3 16sin2
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Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Complex Number
16 cos 2 9 24Cos 16 sin2
|a|= 25 24cos
1 1 7
|a| [1,7] z 2 2 , 2
1 4cos 3 i 4sin
Z=
2
2Z = – 1 ± 4cos 3 i 4sin
1/2
|2z| 25 24 cos |2z| 1 + 7
|2z| 3.4 |z| 1.7
Q.72 For a complex number z, let Re(z) denote the real part of z. Let S be the set of all complex numbers z
satisfying z4 – |z|4 = 4iz2, where i 1 . Then the minimum possible value of | z1 z 2 |2 , where
z1, z2 S with Re(z1) > 0 and Re(z2) < 0, is [JEE Advanced 2020]
Ans. (8)
Sol. z4 - |z|4 = 4iz2
z4 - z 2|z|2 = 4i z2 Re(z1)>0
x1 > 0
2
z2 (z2 - z ) = 4iz2 y1 > 0
(x1, y1)
2 2 2
z =0 z - z =4i
Let z = x + iy
(x2, y2) Re(z2)<0
z2 - ( z )2 = 4i
x2 < 0
(x + iy)2 - (x - iy)2 = 4i y2 < 0
xy = 1
Now (z1 - z2)2 = (x1 - x2)2 + (y1 - y2)2
= x12 + x22 + y12 + y22 - 2x1x2 - 2y1 y2
= x12 + x22 + y12 + y22 + 2x1 (-x2) + 2y1(-y2)
Now AM GM
8(x12 x22 y12y22 x1 x2 y1 y2)1/8
8
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