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    Expt No: Date:: Load Test On Pelton Wheel

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    Alex Chollackal
    This document contains the procedure and objectives for conducting a load test on a Pelton wheel to determine its operating characteristic curves. The test will be done at constant speed and head by applying varying loads and measuring the wheel's efficiency, discharge, and input. Measurements of pressure, flow rate, torque, and power will be taken at each load and used to calculate values and plot graphs of efficiency vs output, discharge vs output, and input vs output. Safety warnings and calculations involved are also outlined.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Expt No: Date:: Load Test On Pelton Wheel

    Uploaded by

    Alex Chollackal
    50 views4 pages
    This document contains the procedure and objectives for conducting a load test on a Pelton wheel to determine its operating characteristic curves. The test will be done at constant speed and head by applying varying loads and measuring the wheel's efficiency, discharge, and input. Measurements of pressure, flow rate, torque, and power will be taken at each load and used to calculate values and plot graphs of efficiency vs output, discharge vs output, and input vs output. Safety warnings and calculations involved are also outlined.

    Original Title

    Pelton Turbine

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    This document contains the procedure and objectives for conducting a load test on a Pelton wheel to determine its operating characteristic curves. The test will be done at constant speed and head by applying varying loads and measuring the wheel's efficiency, discharge, and input. Measurements of pressure, flow rate, torque, and power will be taken at each load and used to calculate values and plot graphs of efficiency vs output, discharge vs output, and input vs output. Safety warnings and calculations involved are also outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    50 views4 pages

    Expt No: Date:: Load Test On Pelton Wheel

    Uploaded by

    Alex Chollackal
    This document contains the procedure and objectives for conducting a load test on a Pelton wheel to determine its operating characteristic curves. The test will be done at constant speed and head by applying varying loads and measuring the wheel's efficiency, discharge, and input. Measurements of pressure, flow rate, torque, and power will be taken at each load and used to calculate values and plot graphs of efficiency vs output, discharge vs output, and input vs output. Safety warnings and calculations involved are also outlined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    ST.

    JOSEPH’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

    HYDRAULICS MACHINES LABORATORY MANUAL Page 1

    Expt No:
    Date:
    LOAD TEST ON PELTON WHEEL
    AIM
    To find the operating characteristic curves of Pelton Wheel at constant speed
    and constant head and plot the following graphs
    1. Efficiency Vs Output
    2. Discharge Vs Output
    3. Input Vs Output

    APPARATUS
    Pelton wheel fitted with loading arrangements, a pumping unit to supply water
    at the required head, discharge measuring arrangements, tachometer, and gauges

    PRINCIPLE
    The turbine is run at constant speed and head specified by manufacturer and
    efficiency of the turbine is determined by measuring the output torque of the machine
    from zero to the rated maximum. The power output can be determined by measuring
    the torque output of the turbine using rope brake arrangement.
    Calculate the maximum value of (W-S) correspond to rated power. This can
    be divided in to 6 equal parts approximately, and the machine can be loaded each time
    with the corresponding load.
    Maximum load calculation
    Rated power in KW = 2πN(W-S)R
    60 x 1000
    N - Speed in rpm
    W - Load on the pan in N
    S - Spring balance reading in N
    R - Effective Brake drum radius in Meter

    PROCEDURE
    1. Keep the nozzle at about 3/8th open position
    2. Prime the pump if necessary
    3. Keep the turbine in unloaded position. (No load on spring)
    4. Close the delivery gate valve completely and start the pump
    5. Open the delivery gate valve until the venturimeter pressure gauges indicate a
    differential pressure of about 0.6Kg/sq.cm-this correspond to design flow rate
    6. Note the turbine inlet pressure and keep at a constant head of 4.6Kg/sq.cm of water
    in the pressure gauge fixed in the nozzle bend.
    7. Keep the speed constant at the rated value
    8. Note the venturimeter pressure gauge readings.
    9. Load the turbine by adding weights to the hanger.
    10. Repeat the experiment for different loads, keeping the speed constant by adjusting
    the delivery gate valve.
    11. Release the load simultaneously closing the delivery valve and then switch off the
    Pump.

    DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING


    ST.JOSEPH’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

    HYDRAULICS MACHINES LABORATORY MANUAL Page 2

    TABULATION AND OBSERVATIONS


    Brake drum diameter, d1 = 0.40m
    Rope diameter, r2 = 0.015m
    Equivalent drum radius = r1 + r2 =
    Hanger weight, T0 = 1 Kg
    Spring balance error = S Kg =
    Speed of the turbine = rpm
    Cd = 0.98

    Inlet Total Venturimeter Pressure Q* Wt. on Wt on Net Wt Turbine Input Efficiency


    Sl Pressure head readings Gauge -3 hanger spring T Output KW %
    10
    No P H in reading T1 T2 KW
    Kg/cm2 m of P1 P2 h Kg Kg Newton
    water m3/s
    Kg/cm2 Kg/cm2 m of
    water
    P x 10 m

    x 10 m of

    +T0 -+S) x
    .0055 x h0.5
    h=(P1-P2)

    T=(T1-T2
    of water

    9.81 N
    water

    DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING


    ST.JOSEPH’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

    HYDRAULICS MACHINES LABORATORY MANUAL Page 3

    CALCULATIONS
    1. TO DETERMINE DISCHARGE
    Pressure difference, h = (P1-P2) x 10 m of water
    where
    P1, Venturimeter line pressure gauge readings in. kg/sq.cm
    P2, Venturimeter throat pressure gauge reading in kg/sq.cm

    Actual discharge, Qa = Cd a1a2√(2gh) m3/sec


    √(a12-a22)
    Venturimeter inlet diameter, D = 65 mm
    Throat ratio = 0.6
    Cd =0.98
    a1 –area at inlet of venturimeter = m2
    a2- area at the throat of venturimeter = m2
    2. TO DETERMINE HEAD
    Turbine pressure gauge reading, P= ……. kg/sq.cm
    Total head H=Px10 m of water = …………. m of water
    3. TURBINE INPUT
    Input = wQH watts
    w = 9810 N/m3
    H= total head in m of water
    4. TURBINE OUTPUT
    Brake drum diameter =0.40m
    Rope diameter =0.015m
    Effective drum diameter =0.415 m
    Hanger weight, T0 = 1 Kg
    Weight , T1 = ………Kg
    Spring Load , T2 = ………..Kg
    Spring balance error, S = ………..Kg
    Resultant load, T = (T1-T2 +S +T0) Kg x 9.81 N
    =
    Speed of the turbine, N =…………. Rpm

    Turbine output = 2πNTR KW


    60 x 1000

    = ………………..

    Turbine Efficiency = Output x 100


    Input
    5. SPECIFIC SPEED OF THE TURBINE

    Specific Speed, Ns = N√P N= ………. rpm


    H 5/4

    DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING


    ST.JOSEPH’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

    HYDRAULICS MACHINES LABORATORY MANUAL Page 4

    Where N= speed of turbine in rpm


    P =Power output in KW at maximum efficiency
    H= Effective head in m

    SAMPLE CALCULATIONS (Set No…)

    Graphs

    Plot
    1. Efficiency Vs Output
    2. Discharge Vs Output
    3. Input Vs Output
    Q

    η
    I/P
    Q η I/P

    Output

    Warning
    1. Do not start the motor without priming the pump.
    2. Do not start the motor without closing the delivery gate valve completely.

    RESULT

    INFERENCE

    DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

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