A PROPOSED POWER PLANT DESIGN FOR BARANGAY LALAKAY, LOS

BAÑOS, LAGUNA

A Design Project

presented to the

Faculty of the College of Engineering

University of Perpetual Help System DALTA – Calamba Campus

In partial fulfilment

of the requirements for the Degree

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

By:

CALARA, CHRISTIAN LEOJ V.

V – BSME

Engr. Rizal M. Mosquera, PME

Power Plant Engineering - Adviser

.
 The Power Plant

Power or energy is generated in a power plant which is the place where

power is generated from a given source. Actually the term “generated” in the
previous sentence is a misnomer since energy cannot be created or destroyed
but merely changed from one form to the other. More correctly, a power plant can
be said to be a place where electrical energy is obtained by converting some
other form of energy. The type of energy converted depends on what type of
power plant is being considered.

In the industrial use of the word, the term power plant also refers to any
arrangement where power is generated. For example the main engine of a ship
or an airplane for that matter. But in the context of this articles, just remember
that power plant basically refers to electrical energy generation facility. This leads
us to the next question that how many types of power plants are used commonly
for electrical energy generation?

Types of Power Plants

There are several different types of power plants used across the world
today. Two will be discussed here very briefly since it is not possible to elaborate
on different types of power plants in one article, but they shall be taken one by
one, in the series. Each of these plants has their own set of advantages and
drawbacks from various perspectives and various factors govern which type of
power plant is best suited for a particular region or situation.

Thermal Power Plants– as the name suggests, these power plants convert
heat energy into electrical energy. The working fluid of these plants is mostly Page | 2
steam and they work on the Rankine cycle. A steam power plant consists of a
boiler which is used to generate the steam from water, a prime mover like a
steam turbine to convert the enthalpy of the steam into rotary motion of the
turbine which is linked to the alternator to produce electricity. The steam is again
condensed in the condenser and fed to the boiler again.

Hydro Power Plants – these plants use the kinetic energy of flowing water
to rotate the turbine blades, hence converting kinetic energy into electrical
energy. These types of power plants are very good for peak loads. Their main
disadvantage lies in the fact that their location depends on a number of factors
which are beyond the control of human beings such as the hydrological cycle of
the region and so forth. If there is shortage of water it could lead to shut down of
these plants. For this reason alternative arrangements such as thermal power
plants need to be made to ensure uninterrupted generation of power.

Apart from these main two types there are plants which use nuclear
energy, solar energy and even wind energy to generate power.

Page | 3
 POWER PLANT DESIGN

Power Plant Design Problem

I. Steps in Power Plant Design

A. Geographical Survey
1. Secure a map of a city or town in the Philippines along a horizontal pattern.
2. Conduct an ocular survey of your power plant load area, in rating the various
type of customers and indicate the possible power needs of existing
residence, industries and other establishment.

3. With the actual connected load of the corresponding types of power customers
as basis and considering the findings, determining and tabulate the probable
load combination of residential, commercial and power connected loads for
your developed power load in which is five (5) years hence.

B. Load Computation
4. Using appropriate demand factor for the different types of connected load
assume to calculate the individual maximum demand of the group of customer
connected each distribution transformer.
5. Using appropriate diversity factors between customers, calculate the expected
distribution of maximum load demand of each distribution transformer.
6. Similarly, calculate the expected simultaneous maximum demand of all group
distribution transformer of each distribution transformer.
7. Similarly, calculate the expected simultaneous maximum demand of all
corresponding feeder circuit on each substation.

Page | 4
 8. Similarly, calculate the expected simultaneous maximum demand of all sub-
station on the power plant and estimate the probable peak load on the power
plant.

C. Power Plant Capacity

9. Considering all probable additional load and estimate load growth curve
covering 5 years, calculate the total plant capacity.
10. Using an appropriate load factor, tabulate, plot the scale and draw normal
daily load curve.

D. Load Distribution System

11. Draw a schematic one line diagram of the electrical distribution system for the
connected loads, distribution transformers, the feeder circuit and sub-station to
the power plant.

E. Types of Location of Power Plant

12. Considering the types of power plant choice the location of the power load
center as indicated in map and the possible direction at the shift of the
populated and developed, considering also the different factor in the thickness
of power plant site chosen and indicated in the map best site of your power
plant.

F. Number and Sizes of Units

13. For the type of power plant chosen and considering what standard units are
available in the market, study at least three (3) possible combination with the
aid of daily load curve and choose the best combination that gives the best
balance between numbers and sizes of available standard units. Show all
computations for the plant capacity and user factor for each combination.
14. Tabulate the normal daily operating schedule of the chosen units. Page | 5
G. Selection of Equipment
15. Select and completely specify all machineries and equipment for the power
plant including their auxiliaries and accessories (from manufacturer’s catalogs,
etc) that could be of good use and will give valuable help and guidance.

H. Machine Foundation
16. Design and detail the necessary foundations and supports of heavy
machineries and equipment.
17. Make a complete bill of materials for item no. 19.

I. Power Plant Lay-out

18. Draw the scale and indicate in detail the lay-out plant and sectional views of
your power plant.
19. Draw the complete piping diagram in the conventional colors to indicate the
fuel lines, water lines, air line and gas line.
20. Make a complete bill of materials for piping system in item no. 22.

J. Other Details
21. Design and detail the following:
a. For Diesel Power Plant, the cooling tower and all fuel oil tanks.
b. For Steam Power Plant, the boiler setting, chimney and foundation for both
c. For Hydro Power Plant, the penstock and the surge tank.

K. Economic Study
22. Compute for the semi-annually delivery and cost for the diesel power plant,
steam power plant, or for the hydro power plant, depreciation cost, cost of
maintenance and operation of the dam.
23. Estimate the cost per KW installed.
24. Estimate the cost per KW-HR produced.
25. Estimate the cost per KW-HR delivered. Page | 6
26. Show a complete computation for at least three (3) power rate schedules and
choose the best adaptable in your case giving and discussing the reason of
your choice.
27. With the chosen power rate schedule in item 29, compute the probable annual
profit and what percentages is this of the total fixed cost.

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 SOCIO ECONOMIC PROFILE

GEOGRAPHICAL LOCATION: LAGUNA, REGION 4A, PHILIPPINES

Page | 8
 POWER LOAD SURVEY
BARANGAY LALAKAY, LOS BAÑOS, LAGUNA

Year 2018

TOTAL NUMBER OF POPULATION 4,253

NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS 986

CHAIRMAN:
Gaudemcio P. Macatangay

COUNCILORS:
Josephine C. Alba
Ofelia R. Garrovillas
Angelito A. Dimapilis
Marcelo P. Torres
Domingo T. Obosa
Julita G. Senson
Ernesto E. Bautista

Brgy.Lalakay
Class A - 3 or more storey houses
Class B – 2 storey or bungalow houses
Class C – Single Floor houses Page | 9
Residential
Class A
Equipments Quantity Rating (W) Total(W)
LED Lamp 15 10 150
TV Set 2 80 160
Rice Cooker 1 450 450
Water Heater 1 760 760
Electric Doorbell 1 2 2
Microwave Oven 1 600 600
Food Blender 1 300 300
Refrigerator 1 200 200
Washing Machine 1 500 500
Electric Fan 4 50 200
Air Conditioner 2 1200 2400
Amplifier 1 1000 1000
Laptop 2 65 130
Gadget Charger 5 5 25
TOTAL LOAD
Lighting 70
General Power Service 6727

Residential
Class B
Equipments Quantity Rating (W) Total(W)
LED Lamp 9 10 90
TV Set 2 80 160
Rice Cooker 1 450 450
Microwave Oven 1 600 600
Refrigerator 1 200 200
Washing Machine 1 500 500
Electric Fan 2 50 100
Air Conditioner 1 1200 1400
Amplifier 1 1000 1000
Laptop 1 65 65
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Gadget Charger 3 5 15
 TOTAL LOAD
Lighting 90
General Power Service 4490

Residential
Class C
Equipments Quantity Rating (W) Total(W)
Fluorescent Lamp 4 30 120
TV Set 1 80 80
Refrigerator 1 200 200
Electric Fan 2 50 100
Gadget Charger 2 5 10
TOTAL LOAD
Lighting 120
General Power Service 395

Commercial
Class C- Apartments
Equipments Quantity Rating (W) Total(W)
LED Lamp 5 10 50
Electric Fan 5 50 250
Gadget Charger 1 5 5
TOTAL LOAD
Lighting 50
General Power
Services 300

Commercial
Barbershop
Equipments Rating
Quantity Total(W)
(W) Page | 11
LED Lamp 5 10 50
 Electric Fan 2 50 100
Air conditioner 1 1200 1200
Electric Razor 5 50 250
Amplifier 1 1000 1000
Hair Dryer 4 65 260
TV set 1 80 80
TOTAL LOAD
Lighting 50
General Power Services 2890

Commercial
Parlor
Equipments Quantity Rating (W) Total(W)
LED Lamp 6 10 60
Electric Fan 2 50 100
Air Conditioner 1 1200 1200
Amplifier 1 1000 1000
TV set 1 80 80
Electric Razor 6 100 600
Hair Dryer 6 650 3900
TOTAL LOAD
Lighting 60
General Power 7120
Service

Commercial
Vulcanizing Shop
Equipments Rating
Quantity Total(W)
(W)
Fluorescent Lamp 1 45 45
Electric Fan 2 50 100
Gadget Charger 2 75 150
Air Compressor 5 627 3135
Tire Changer 4 600 2400
Page | 12
TOTAL LOAD
 Lighting 45
General Power Services 5785

Commercial
Church
Equipments Quantity Rating (W) Total(W)
Fluorescent Lamp 2 40 80
LED Lamp 5 10 50
LED bulb 13 12 156
Emergency Light 3 12 45
Airconditioner 2 1200 1200
Projector 2 300 600
Amplifier 3 1000 3000
Microphone 8 65 520
Led TV set 2 5 10
Wall fan 3 50 150
Ceiling fan 4 50 200
Keyboard Piano 2 110 220
TOTAL
Lighting 286
General Power
Services 5900

Commercial
Clinic
Equipments Quantity Rating (W) Total(W)
LED Lamp 4 10 40
Emergency Light 2 7.5 15
Electric Fan 2 50 100
Air Conditioner 1 800 800
TV set 1 80 80
TOTAL LOAD
Lighting 55
General Power Service 980 Page | 13
Commercial
Computer Shop
Equipments Quantity Rating (W) Total(W)
LED Lamp 6 10 60
Ceiling Fan 3 50 150
Wall Fan 3 50 150
Computer Set 10 60 600
CCTV 3 19.5 58.5
TOTAL
Lighting 60
General Power
Services 958.5

Commercial
Class A Store
Equipments Quantity Rating (W) Total(W)
LED Lamp 10 40 400
Industrial 4 150 600
Refrigerator
Industrial Freezer 3 200 600
CCTV 4 19.5 78
Computer Set 2 60 120
Industrial Aircon 1 1000 890
TOTAL LOAD
Lighting 400
General Power 2288
Service

Commercial
Class Store Page | 14
 Equipments Quantity Rating (W) Total(W)
LED lamp 1 10 10
Refrigerator 1 200 200
Electric Fan 1 50 50
Gadget Charger 1 5 5
TOTAL LOAD
Lighting 80
General Power
Services 255

Commercial
Class C Mini Restaurant
Equipments Quantity Rating (W) Total(W)
Fluorescent Lamp 3 40 150
LED Lamp 2 10 20
LED TV Set 1 75 75
Rice Cooker 1 627 627
Refrigerator 1 380 380
Electric Fan 3 50 150
CCTV 2 19.5 39
TOTAL LOAD
Lighting 170
General Power 1271
Service

Commercial
Barangay Hall
Equipments Quantity Rating (W) Total(W)
Emergency Light 13 8 104
Fluorescent Lamp 10 40 400
LED Lamp 10 10 100
LED TV Set 1 75 75
Electric Range 1 3500 3500
Rice Cooker 1 627 627 Page | 15
Bread Toaster 1 1450 1450
 Microwave Oven 1 850 850
Refrigerator 1 380 380
Motor Pump 1 400 400
Electric Fan 6 50 300
Vacuum Cleaner 1 630 630
Air Conditioner 2 1440 2880
Computer Set 5 300 1500
Laptop 3 65 195
Printer 3 100 300
Gadget Charger 5 5 25
Modem Power Supply 2 4.5 9
Ceiling Fan 10 100 1000
CCTV 5 19.5 97.5
TOTAL LOAD
Lighting 604
General Power Service 12691.5

Commercial
School
Equipments Quantity Rating (W) Total(W)
Incandescent lamps 14 100 1400
Fluorescent lamp 71 20 1420
Electric Bell /Alarm 6 10 60
Electric Wall Clock 4 10 40
Drinking fountain 6 370 2220
Motor Pump 3 373 1119
Ceiling Fan 21 140 2940
Projector 7 300 2100
TOTAL LOAD
Lighting 2820
General Power 13529
Service
Page | 16
 Street Light and Courts
Equipments Quantity Rating (W) Total(W)
LPS Lamp 450 70 50400
TOTAL LOAD
Lighting 50400
General Power
Service

TRANSFORMER LOAD

The designer used one transformer for every 100 kVA loads within the barangay and that
makes:
Total number of transformers = 84
Total number of feeders = 2
Total number of substations = 1
Feeder no.1 = 42
Feeder no.2 = 42
From Table 2.2, Power Plant Engineering by F.T. Morse, p42
TYPICAL DIVERSITY FACTORS
Residence Commercial General Power
Lighting Lighting Services
Between consumers 3 to 4 1.5 1.5
Between transformers 1.3 1.3 1.3
Between feeders 1.2 1.2 1.2
Between substations 1.1 1.1 1.1

Total transformer load (kW) = 3233.89kW

Feeder #1(1-19 transformers):
Between transformers =1618.49 / 1.3
= 1244.99 kW
Feeder #2( transformers):
Between transformers =1615.4 / 1.3
= 1242.61 kW
Between feeders =(1244.99 kW + 1242.61 kW) / 1.2
= 2073 kW
Between Substation = 2073 kW / 1.1
= 1884.54 kW
Therefore, Page | 17
Central Capacity of the Plant is =1884.54 kW or 1.8 Megawatts
Future Plant Capacity within Next 10 Years
Based on National Census and Statistics Office, the annual growth of population of
Barangay Hornalan is 3.11%. The designer considered that present demand is also
increasing with the given percentage of 3.11. With this, the designer projects the plant
capacity for the next ten years.

Barangay Hornalan Load Consumption 2018 - 2028

2018 = 1.88 MW
2019 = 1.94 MW
2020 = 1.99 MW
2021 = 2.04 MW
2022 = 2.09MW
2023 = 2.14 MW
2024 = 2.19 MW
2025 = 2.24 MW
2026 = 2.29 MW
2027 = 2.34MW
2028 = 2.4 MW

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References

http://losbanos.gov.ph/facts-and-figures/population

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