Multipliers For - C, 1 - Summability of Fourier Series: HAN Hyam Andey

Pacific Journal of
Mathematics
MULTIPLIERS FOR |C, 1| SUMMABILITY OF FOURIER

SERIES
G HAN S HYAM PANDEY
Vol. 79, No. 1 May 1978

PACIFIC JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS
Vol. 79, No. 1, 1978
MULTIPLIERS FOR |C, 1| SUMMABILITY

OF FOURIER SERIES
G. S. PANDEY
In the present paper we improve the conditions of all

previously known theorems on the absolute (C, 1) summability
factors of Fourier series.
1* Let the formal expansion of a function f(χ), periodic with

period 2π and integrable in the sense of Lebesgue over [ — π, π], in a
Fourier-trigonometric series be given by
TO
1 °°
(1.1) f{x) ~ — a0 + Σ iβn cos nx + bn sin nx) = Σ An(x) .
We write
Φ(u) = /(a? + u) + /(a? - u) - 2/(x)
and throughout this paper A will denote a positive constant, not

necessarily the same at each occurrence.
Whittaker [5], in 1930, proved that the series
Σ An(x)/na , a > 0,
Λ=l
is summable \A\ almost everywhere.

Later, Prasad [4] demonstrated that the series
Σ An(x)/μn ,
n=n0
where
Π logv w)(logfc n)1+ε , logk n0 > 0 , ε > 0 ,
and
log* % = log (log*"1 n), , log2 w = log log n
is summable \A\ almost everywhere.

Chow [2], on the other hand, has shown that the series Σ ^*»An(x)
is summable \C, 1| almost everywhere, provided {λ%} is a convex
sequence satisfying the condition Σ ^ ~ 1 # ^ < °°
Cheng [1], in 1948, established the following:
THEOREM A. //
177
178 G. S. PANDEY
a s t —> 0, then the series
+δ
Σ*An(xWognY , δ>0,
is summable \Cy a | , a > 1.
In a recent paper, Hsiang [3] has proved the following theorems:
THEOREM B. If
(1.2) Φ(ί) = O(t) (t >+0),
£fee?ι ίfoe series ^n=iAn(x)/na is summable \C, 1| for every a > 0.
THEOREM C. 1/
(1.8)
as ί —• +0,
(1.4) Σ AΛ(a?)/( Π l o r
is summable \G, 1| /or ever7/ ε > 0.
In the present paper we prove the following theorem, which

includes the theorem of Cheng and both the theorems of Hsiang:
THEOREM. //
& 9
(1.5) φ{t) ΞΞ Γ M ^ i d u = O{(log (1/ί)) } as t >+ 0 ,
it u
0 < 3 ^ 7Γ, ίfee^ ίfee series (1.4) is summable \C, 1| /or 0 < ^ < ε.
The conditions of our theorem are less stringent than those of

Cheng and Hsiang.
2Φ The proof of the theorem is based on the following lemmas:
LEMMA 1. Let Sn(x) be the nth. partial sum of the series (1.1),
then under the condition (1.5), we have
(2.1) Σ \Su(x) ~ f(x)\ = O

MULTIPLIERS FOR |C,1| SUMMABILITY OF FOURIER SERIES 179
Proof. Let εv = sign [Sv(x) — fix)], so that ev = ± 1 and it depends

only upon x and v, and is independent of t. Also, we write
Kn(t) = Σ eu sin xtf .

y=0
Thus, we have
Σ \S,(x) - f(x)\ = 2- \πψκn(t)dt + o(n)
= W + S " , + Π+*•>
7ΓLJo Ji/» JδJ
= Λ + l 2 + J3 + oW ,
say. Now,
(2.3)
Also, for nt ^ 1, we have
2 = =
(2.4) U t
Since, by Riemann-Lebesgue theorem,
t
we have
(2.5) / 3 = 0(n) .
Combining (2.1), (2.2), -- ,(2.5), the lemma follows.
LEMMA 2. Let
(n + 1)
180 G. S. PANDEY
and
~* %{x)\
Proof. Let
1
• («. + 1) -=o
Thus, we have
(
^ {S (#) -f(χ)}
(W + 1) ^=o
w
1
υ (x) - f(χ)
(2.6) (^ 4~ 1) ~°
= ©{(log* n)η}
by Lemma 1.
Therefore, we find that
TM = Σ |ίv(»)l
/ 9 7N = Σ |S.(a?) - σu(x)\
^ Σ |S.(ίc) - Λ*)l + Σ \σ.(χ) - f(χ)\

= O[»(log*»)»]
by (2.6) and Lemma 1.
Finally, by Abel's transformation, we have
+ μj?
Λ+t)-1 n-\n + + 0(1)
(2.8)
= 0(1) ,
MULTIPLIERS ROR \C, 1| SUMMABILITY OF FOURIER SERIES 181
f o r m —» oo a n d M —> °°.
In view of (2.7) and (2.8) the lemma is proved.
3* Proof of the theorem* Let τn(x) denotes the nth. Cesaro

1
mean of the sequence {nίμΰ ) An(x)}.
By Abel's transformation, we have
(n + 1) ^=^o
(3.1) = . 1 1λ Σ
(n + 1) ^=^o
say. Now, by Lemma 2, we find that
ύ Σ w"1 • I ) " 1 Σ At*v)~\v + 1)1**0*01 , i
~\v + l)\tχx)\ Σ n~\n + I)" 1

(3.2) < A
A
m—1
1
=i Σ ^[(j",)- ] TXx) + Δ(μ?)TJβt) + 0(1)
v=m 0
= 0(1) .
Also, we have
Σ Jf'(χ)M ^ Σ (μJ-1 • n~H,χx)\
= 0(1) .
From (3.1), (3.2), and (3.3), we have
Σ
This completes the proof of the theorem.
REFERENCES
1. M. T. Cheng, Summability factors of Fourier series, Duke Math. J., 15 (1948),

17-27.
2. H. C. Chow, On the summability factors of Fourier series, J. London Math. Soc,
16 (1941), 215-220.
3. F. C. Hsiang, On C, I summability factors of Fourier series at a given point,
Pacific J. Math., 33 (1970), 139-147.
4. B. N. Prasad, On the summability of Fourier series and the bounded variation of
power series, Proc. London Math. Soc, (2), 35 (1933), 407-424.
182 G. S. PANDEY
5. J. M. Whittaker, The absolute summability of Fourier series, Proc. Edinburgh

Math. Soc, (2), 2 (1930), 1-5.
Received January 16, 1975 and in revised form April 3, 1978.
MOSUL UNIVERSITY
MOSUL, IRAQ
PACIFIC JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS
EDITORS
RICHARD A R E N S (Managing Editor) J. DUGUNDJI
University of California Department of Mathematics
Los Angeles, California 90024 University of Southern California
C.W. CURTIS
Los Angeles, California 90007
University of Oregon R. F I N N AND J . MILGRAM
Eugene, OR 97403 Stanford University
Stanford, California 94305
G. C. MOORE
University of California
Berkeley, CA 94720
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
E. F. BECKENBACH B. H. NEUMANN F. WOLF K. YOSHIDA
SUPPORTING INSTITUTIONS
UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERNgCALIFORNIA
CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY STANFORD UNIVERSITY
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII
MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO
UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA, RENO UNIVERSITY OF UTAH
NEW MEXICO STATE UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY
OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
UNIVERSITY OF OREGON
Printed in Japan by International Academic Printing Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan

Pacific Journal of Mathematics
Vol. 79, No. 1 May, 1978
Teófilo Abuabara, A remark on infinitely nuclearly differentiable

functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
David Fenimore Anderson, Projective modules over subrings of k[X, Y ]
generated by monomials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Joseph Barback and Thomas Graham McLaughlin, On the intersection of
regressive sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Murray Bell, John Norman Ginsburg and R. Grant Woods, Cardinal
inequalities for topological spaces involving the weak Lindelof
number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
Laurence Richard Boxer, The space of ANRs of a closed surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Zvonko Cerin, Homotopy properties of locally compact spaces at
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Isidor Fleischer and Ivo G. Rosenberg, The Galois connection between partial
functions and relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
John R. Giles, David Allan Gregory and Brailey Sims, Geometrical
implications of upper semi-continuity of the duality mapping on a Banach
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Troy Lee Hicks, Fixed-point theorems in locally convex spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Hugo Junghenn, Almost periodic functions on semidirect products of
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Victor Kaftal, On the theory of compact operators in von Neumann algebras.
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Haynes Miller, A spectral sequence for the homology of an infinite
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Sanford S. Miller, Petru T. Mocanu and Maxwell O. Reade, Starlike integral
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Stanley Stephen Page, Regular FPF rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Ghan Shyam Pandey, Multipliers for C, 1 summability of Fourier series . . . . . 177
Shigeo Segawa, Bounded analytic functions on unbounded covering
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Sergio Eduardo Zarantonello, A representation of H p -functions with
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Pacific Journal of

MULTIPLIERS FOR |C, 1| SUMMABILITY OF FOURIER

Vol. 79, No. 1 May 1978

MULTIPLIERS FOR |C, 1| SUMMABILITY

In the present paper we improve the conditions of all

1* Let the formal expansion of a function f(χ), periodic with

Φ(u) = /(a? + u) + /(a? - u) - 2/(x)

and throughout this paper A will denote a positive constant, not

is summable \A\ almost everywhere.

Π logv w)(logfc n)1+ε , logk n0 > 0 , ε > 0 ,

is summable \A\ almost everywhere.

a s t —> 0, then the series

is summable \Cy a | , a > 1.

In a recent paper, Hsiang [3] has proved the following theorems:

(1.2) Φ(ί) = O(t) (t >+0),

£fee?ι ίfoe series ^n=iAn(x)/na is summable \C, 1| for every a > 0.

is summable \G, 1| /or ever7/ ε > 0.

In the present paper we prove the following theorem, which

The conditions of our theorem are less stringent than those of

2Φ The proof of the theorem is based on the following lemmas:

(2.1) Σ \Su(x) ~ f(x)\ = O

Proof. Let εv = sign [Sv(x) — fix)], so that ev = ± 1 and it depends

Kn(t) = Σ eu sin xtf .

Σ \S,(x) - f(x)\ = 2- \πψκn(t)dt + o(n)

Also, for nt ^ 1, we have

Since, by Riemann-Lebesgue theorem,

^ Σ |S.(ίc) - Λ*)l + Σ \σ.(χ) - f(χ)\

Λ+t)-1 n-\n + + 0(1)

3* Proof of the theorem* Let τn(x) denotes the nth. Cesaro

say. Now, by Lemma 2, we find that

ύ Σ w"1 • I ) " 1 Σ At*v)~\v + 1)1**0*01 , i

~\v + l)\tχx)\ Σ n~\n + I)" 1

1. M. T. Cheng, Summability factors of Fourier series, Duke Math. J., 15 (1948),

5. J. M. Whittaker, The absolute summability of Fourier series, Proc. Edinburgh

Received January 16, 1975 and in revised form April 3, 1978.

Printed in Japan by International Academic Printing Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan

Teófilo Abuabara, A remark on infinitely nuclearly differentiable

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