On Some Properties of Humbert'S Polynomials: G. V - Milovanovic
On Some Properties of Humbert'S Polynomials: G. V - Milovanovic
On Some Properties of Humbert'S Polynomials: G. V - Milovanovic
G. V .
University
of Nis,
P.O.
G,
University
MILOVANOVIC
Box 73,
Nis,
Yugoslavia
DJORDJEViC
of Nis,
16000
(Submitted
1.
18000
Leskovac,
February
Yugoslavia
1986)
SNTRODUCTiON
HrA m{x)tn.
= f
(1)
n =0
+ X)Tl^m(x)
(n + mX - m + l)Iin-m+1,
(x)
= 0.
x,
p 5 C)
ys
defined by
(C - mxt + ytm)p
= P n (^, x9
y9
p,
C)tn,
(2)
H = 0
x9
p9
+ in - m - mp)yPn_m==
n > m > 1,
(3)
C) .
In [6]j Horadam and Pethe investigated the polynomials associated with the
Gegenbauer polynomials
[n/2]
(X)
t)
= E pX(x)tn~1
= (1 - 2xt
+ t3)"A.
(5)
n = 1
356
[Nov.
Some special cases of these polynomials were considered in several papers (see
[3] 5 [4], and [7], for example).
Comparing (5) to (1), we see that their polynomials are Humbert polynomials for m = 3, with x replaced by 2x/39
i.e., p+1(x)
= II A (2#/3).
THE POLYNOMIALS p A
2.
(x)
defined by
(x) =
Jl m(2x/m).
Gx(x,
t) = (1 - 2xt + tm)-x
n
m(x)t .
= f) p\
Yl = 0
(6)
'
Note that
px
(x)
(Gegenbauer polynomials)
= C^(x)
and
Pn 3 ^ )
Pn + i(x^
(Horadam-Pethe polynomials).
For m = 1, we have
Gx(x,
t) = (1 - (2x - l ) t r A = E p i
n=0
and
Ax)tn
'
^.
^w.m
[n/m]
(A)
Ac! (n - mk) !
, _,. 7
(re) = Pn(jn9
2x/m9
1, -A, 1).
pA
np^m(x)
= (A +n - l)2xpn_lim(x)
(8)
1987]
Or) =
r- (2x)n
n = 0, 1, . . . s m - l .
357
Remark:
px
(x) = xpx
VX
(x) = Xn9
n , w?
(x) - b px
, we have
(x), n ^ m > 1,
where
,
(n - 1) !
n + 777 (X - 1 )
(777 - 1 ) ! " 2 m ( A + n - m)m '
lDn
The classes of polynomials WW} x = {pn m}n = o > m = 2 5 3, . .., can be found by
repeating the "diagonal functions process,1' starting f r o m p x (x). Listing the
terms of polynomials horizontally,
(-l) k (^) n _
[n/rn]
Plm(*)
^ E ^ ^ f e X Z x ) - - * , <<*) -
(-1)
^ n ~ k~ (m~ Vk.
_
kl(n ~ k - TTZfc)! = a
3-
fm-i)k
kl(n-mk)l
(x), because
^ + l(^)e
In this section we shall give some differential equalities for the polynomials p x . Here, D is the differentiation operator and p x (x) E 0 when k ^ 0.
Theorem 1: The following equalities hold:
Proof:
+ l.m^)
Pn,m (ar)
(10)
(11)
<12>
Z n+k(m>
(-)kkl(^)Pn(rn,
x9 y9 p - k9 C)
we obtain (9).
To prove (10), we differentiate the generating function (6) w.r.t. x and t.
Then, elimination (1 - 2xt 4- tm)~ _ 1 from the expressions, we find
T, 2npx
(x)tn
(x)tn.
358
[Nov.
k.
Let the sequence (fr)"=Q
f(t)
= (n - t)[
be given by fr
where
= f(r)9
in - t + m(A + t)L
-~
)
\
m
lm-i
Also 5 we introduce two standard difference operators, the forward difference
operator A and the displacement (or shift) operator E, by
A
and
4 =4+1 " fr
fr
4+Is
A X =fr,
y(m) + E asxsy{s)
= 0,
(13)
s = 0
as = ~
Asf0
(s = 0, 1, ..., m).
(14)
**Z?V
(x) =T
x U p
n,m Kx)
^=o
and
P-i
m
D v^
(x) = V
u
Pn,m{x)
^
(A) ,
k
(~l)
l)
n {m 1)k
12m
~ kl(n - m(k +
l))r
X)
(2x)n-m(k+l\
where
E (n ~mk)slas
= 2mk(X
+n -
(rn - l)k)m
(15)
(k = 0 9 1, ..., p - 1)
and
'
(H\l A V J = 2m ^ ^ l \ + a H+ =
Asl m
o
m \
Q
,
.
mm In
lm-i
(1 + A ) V 0 = EqfQ = fq = f(q).
Equality (15) can be written in the form
(16)
1987]
359
2mn
+ mX\
a0 ^{)m^
a, = ^ {<n - D(n~
1+
77Z l
' \
,. ^ .
...
^(n+mtt + i - 1)),
* ^ + 1 >)
77?
_ /^A|
/
- i
777
/777 - 1
Since
/() = -(
we f ind
2m(m -
If'1
m
m \ m
For m = 1, 2, 3, we have the following differential equations:
(1 - 2x)yf
2
(1 - x )y"
+ 2ny = 0,
- (2X + l)xyf
(l - | | X3)T/'"
- -^(2A
+ n(n + 2X)y
= 0,
+ 3)^2/"
= 0.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
360
[Nov.