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    "Bit Error Rate Calculation in Cdma": Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University Bhilai (C.G.), India

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    The document discusses bit error rate calculation in CDMA systems. It describes CDMA signals and components like encoders, interleavers, repeaters and quality detectors. It identifies problems with visible results and changing parameters. The methodology adopted for minimizing bit error rate is also presented. Simulation results and discussions are included to analyze performance under AWGN channels.

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    "Bit Error Rate Calculation in Cdma": Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University Bhilai (C.G.), India

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    Anonymous l5X3VhT
    823 views10 pages
    The document discusses bit error rate calculation in CDMA systems. It describes CDMA signals and components like encoders, interleavers, repeaters and quality detectors. It identifies problems with visible results and changing parameters. The methodology adopted for minimizing bit error rate is also presented. Simulation results and discussions are included to analyze performance under AWGN channels.

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    The document discusses bit error rate calculation in CDMA systems. It describes CDMA signals and components like encoders, interleavers, repeaters and quality detectors. It identifies problems with visible results and changing parameters. The methodology adopted for minimizing bit error rate is also presented. Simulation results and discussions are included to analyze performance under AWGN channels.

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    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    823 views10 pages

    "Bit Error Rate Calculation in Cdma": Chhattisgarh Swami Vivekanand Technical University Bhilai (C.G.), India

    Uploaded by

    Anonymous l5X3VhT
    The document discusses bit error rate calculation in CDMA systems. It describes CDMA signals and components like encoders, interleavers, repeaters and quality detectors. It identifies problems with visible results and changing parameters. The methodology adopted for minimizing bit error rate is also presented. Simulation results and discussions are included to analyze performance under AWGN channels.

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    of 10

    BIT ERROR RATE CALCULATION IN CDMA

    A Project report submitted to

    CHHATTISGARH SWAMI VIVEKANAND TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY BHILAI (C.G.), INDIA


    For The Award o Ba!he"or o E#$%#eer%#$ in Electronics & Telecommunication Engg.
    By Harprit Kaur (AB 1 !"# $os%ani &iriya (AB 1 '# Anna(i )in%a (AB 1!*'# A+an+s%a B%ourase (AB 1!"1#

    U#der &he G'%da#!e o


    (ro ,r. Pra(een -ada( (.ecturer#

    /epartment o0 Electronics & Telecommunication Engg.

    R'#$&a Co""e$e o E#$%#eer%#$ ) Te!h#o"o$*, Bh%"a% (I#d%a)


    (Re!o$#%+ed ,* A.I.C.T.E. New De"h%, A!!r%d%&ed ,* N.B.A., New De"h%) Se--%o# .//012/

    DECLARATI3N

    1e t%e undersigned solemnly declare t%at t%e report o0 t%e project 2or+ entitled 4BIT ERR3R RATE CALCULATI3N IN CDMA5 is our o2n 2or+3 carried out under t%e super(ision o0 Mr. (ra6ee# Yada6. 1e assert t%at t%e statements made and conclusions dra2n are t%e outcome o0 t%e project 2or+. 1e 0urt%er declare to t%e best o0 our +no2ledge and belie0 t%at t%e report does not contain any 2or+ 2%ic% %as done 0or t%e a2ard o0 any ot%er degree4diploma4certi0icate in t%is 5ni(ersity.

    )6&7AT5$E 8F 9A7/6/ATE Har7r%& Ka'r $oll 7o. :1:;*<!<"; Enrollment 7o. AB 1 !" )6&7AT5$E 8F 9A7/6/ATE A##a6% S%#ha $oll 7o. :1:;*<!<;1 Enrollment 7o. AB 1!*'

    )6&7AT5$E 8F 9A7/6/ATE Ro-ha#% G%r%*a $oll 7o. :1:;*<!<** Enrollment 7o. AB 1*;* )6&7AT5$E 8F 9A7/6/ATE A8a#8-ha ,ho'ra-e $oll 7o. :1:;*<!<< Enrollment 7o. AB 1!"1

    )6&7AT5$E 8F )5PE$=6)8$ Mr. (ra6ee# Yada6 .ecturer /eptt. o0 electronics & telecomm.

    R'#$&a Co""e$e o E#$%#eer%#$ ) Te!h#o"o$*, Bh%"a% (I#d%a) (Re!o$#%+ed ,* A.I.C.T.E. New De"h%, A!!red%&ed ,* N.B.A., New De"h%)

    ii

    CERTI9ICATE BY THE SU(ERVIS3R


    T%is is to certi0y t%at t%e report o0 t%e t%esis entitled 4BIT ERR3R RATE CALCULATI3N IN CDMA5 a record o0 researc% 2or+ carried out by Har7r%& Ka'r bearing Ro"" No :2:.;/</=. ) E#ro"">e#& No AB 2?<= Ro-ha#% G%r%*a bearing Ro"" No :2:.;/</;; ) E#ro"">e#& No AB 2??0 A##a6% S%#ha bearing Ro"" No :2:.;/</.2 ) E#ro"">e#& No AB 2<;0 A8a#8-ha ,ho'ra-e bearing Ro"" No :2:.;/<//? ) E#ro"">e#& No AB 2<=2 under my guidance and super(ision 0or t%e a2ard o0 bac%elor o0 Engineering in Electronics & Telecommunication Engg. 80 9%%attisgar% )2ami =i(e+ananda Tec%nical 5ni(ersity B%ilai (9.&.#3 6ndia. To t%e best o0 my +no2ledge and belie0 t%e t%esis> i# Embodies t%e 2or+ o0 t%e candidate %imsel03 ii# Has duly been completed3 iii# Ful0ills t%e re?uirement o0 t%e 8rdinance relating to t%e BE degree o0 t%e 5ni(ersity and i(# 6s up to t%e desired standard 0or t%e purpose o0 2%ic% is submitted.

    )ignature o0 )uper(isor Mr. (ra6ee# Yada6 .ecturer /epartment 80 electronics & telecommunication Engg. $ungta 9ollege o0 Engineering & Tec%nology3 Ko%+a@Kurud $oad B%ilai (9.&.#

    For2arded to 9%%attisgar% )2ami =i(e+ananda Tec%nical 5ni(ersity B%ilai (9.&.#

    ()ignature o0 /irector4Principal# $ungta 9ollege o0 Engineering & Tec%nology3 Ko%+a@Kurud $oad B%ilai.

    iii

    CERTI9ICATE BY THE E@AMINERS

    T%e t%esis entitled 4BIT ERR3R RATE CALCULATI3N IN CDMA5 submitted by Har7r%& Ka'r bearing Ro"" No :2:.;/</=. ) E#ro"">e#& No AB 2?<= Ro-ha#% G%r%*a bearing Ro"" No :2:.;/</</ ) E#ro"">e#& No AB 2??0 A##a6% S%#ha bearing Ro"" No :2:.;/</.2 ) E#ro"">e#& No AB 2<;0 A8a#8-ha Bho'ra-e bearing Ro"" No :2:.;/<//? ) E#ro"">e#& No AB 2<=2 %as been eAamined by t%e undersigned as a part o0 t%e eAamination and is %ereby recommended 0or t%e a2ard o0 t%e degree o0 Ba!he"or o E#$%#eer%#$ in t%e discipline o0 E"e!&ro#%!- a#d Te"e!o>>'#%!a&%o# 5ni(ersity3 B%ilai. o0 9%%attisgar% )2ami =i(e+ananda Tec%nical

    I#&er#a" EAa>%#er /ate>

    EA&er#a" EAa>%#er /ate>

    ACKN3WLEDGEMENT
    iv

    6 2ould %a(e ne(er succeeded in completing my tas+ 2it%out t%e cooperation3 encouragement and %elp pro(ided to me by (arious people. 1ords are o0ten too less to re(eals oneBs deep regards. 6 ta+e t%is opportunity to eApress my pro0ound sense o0 gratitude and respect to all t%ose 2%o %elped me t%roug% t%e duration o0 t%is project. 6 ac+no2ledge 2it% gratitude and %umility my indebtedness to Mr. (ra6ee# *ada6, Le!&'rer, RCET, B%ilai3 under 2%ose guidance 6 %ad t%e pri(ilege to complete t%is project. 6 2is% to eApress my deep gratitude to2ards %im 0or pro(iding indi(idual guidance and support t%roug%out t%e project 2or+. 6 eApress my %eart0elt gratitude to2ards Mr. A>%& Ko"he, Reader, RCET3 B%ilai3 0or t%eir (aluable guidance3 encouragement3 inspiration and t%e ent%usiasm 2it% 2%ic% %e sol(ed my di00iculties in simulation using ,AT.AB. 6 con(ey my sincere t%an+s to Mr. Shr%8a#& B'rBe, Reader ) Head o E"e!&ro#%!) Te"e!o>>'#%!a&%o# De7ar&>e#&, RCET3 B%ilai 0or %is encouragement and cooperation. ,y greatest t%an+s are to all 2%o 2is%ed me success especially my parents. Abo(e all 6 render my gratitude to t%e Almig%ty 2%o besto2ed sel0@con0idence3 ability and strengt% in me to complete t%is 2or+ 0or not letting me do2n at t%e time o0 crisis and s%o2ing me t%e sil(er lining in t%e dar+ clouds.

    Har7r%& Ka'r Ro-ha#% G%r%*a A##a6% S%#ha A8a#8-ha Bho'ra-e

    ABSTRACT
    v

    6n t%is contribution3 2e propose and study a 9/,A sc%eme 2%ic% employ time domain spreading. 1e in(estigate t%e ac%ie(able detection per0ormance in t%e conteAt o0 minimum bit error rate3 2%en communicating o(er Additi(e 1%ite &aussian 7oise (A1&7# c%annel. 6n t%is project t%e main boosters o0 t%e 0uture 9/,A communication are presented and describe in order to %ig%lig%t 2ays to cope 2it% more c%allenging re?uirements o0 0uture system and ser(ice claims. Particular attention is de(oted to t%e in%erent 2ea+ points o0 9/,A system and detection tec%ni?ues t%at can be used to minimiCe bit error rate. Finally t%e last part o0 t%is project 0ocuses on t%e design o0 suitable system 2it% minimum bit error rate.

    LIST OF ABRIVIATIONS

    vi

    CDMA access

    Code division multiple

    TDMA access

    Time division multiple

    FDMA access

    Frequenc division multiple

    CRC

    C clic redundanc code

    vii

    LIST 39 9IGURES ) TABLES


    9%$'re No. Ta,"e ..2 Ta,"e ... Ta,"e ..: 9%$'re =.2 T%&"e o 9%$'reD% ere#& 6a"'e- or &he Ra&e %#7'& Va"%d !ha##e" &*7e- a#d ra&e ra!&%o#I#7'&- or &he Re7ea&er a#d o'&7'& Dere7ea&er B"o!8-e& or &he !a"!'"a&%o# o ,%& error ra&e (a$e No : = < 2/

    viii

    TABLE 39 C3NTENTS
    9HAPTE$ Cha7&er 1 I . T6T.E INTR3DUCTI3N PA&E 78.

    1.1 9ode di(ision multiple accessDDDDDD.DDDDDDD..DDD.DDDD.D.1 1.; 8(er(ie2 o0 9/,ADDDDDD...DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD..........1 1.: 9/,A signalsDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD...1 1." Bit Error $ateDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD; CHA(TER 1 II LITERATURE REVIEW

    ;.1 9/,A 9%annel assignmentsD...DDDDDDDDDDDD.DDDDDD..DDD: ;.; 5nderstanding $ates and $ate setsDD DDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD............: ;.: 9$9 &eneratorsDDDDDDDDDDDDDD.........................................................." ;." 9on(olutional EncoderDDDDDDDDDDD.D.DDDDD.................................E ;.E $epeaters4/erepeatersDDDDDDDDDDDDDD..DDDD...............................E ;.! 6nterlea(er4/einterlea(er.....................................................................................................! ;. Fuality /etecterDDDDDDDDDDDDD...DDDDDDD............................... ;.* Error $ate 9alculationDDDDDDDDDDDDD...DDDD.................................. ;.' )pectrum scopeDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD* CHA(TER C III (R3BLEM IDENTI9ICATI3N

    :.1 =isible resultsDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD.' :.; 9%anging parameterDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDDD' CHA(TER C IV METH3D3L3GY

    ".1 1or+ingDDDDDD..DDDDDDDDDDDD.................................................11

    ix

    CHA(TER 1 V CHA(TER C VI CHA(TER CVII

    RESULTS AND DISCUSSI3N C3NCLUSI3N BIBLI3GRA(HY

    2.1./ .2 ..

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