ABAP Training
Programming in ABAP
Basic Program Structure
Controlling the Flow of an ABAP Program
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Objectives
Aim is to introduce concepts associated with creating and executing
an ABAP program, including
Defining program attributes
Understanding the modular nature of an ABAP program
Structure & syntax of ABAP statements
Declarative & operational keywords, & comments
Flow control in ABAP
External control - event handling
Internal control - IF, CASE, LOOP, ...
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Programming in ABAP
basic program structure
program attributes
Type
Status
Application
Authorization groups
Selection screen
Development class
source code
Statements and Comments
execution of ABAP programs
flow control in ABAP
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Creating New Program
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Program Attributes
Program Type
Executable program
generates lists
Include program
contains code that cannot be executed on its own
must be called from another program with an INCLUDE
statement
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Program Attributes
Program Type
Module pool
processing steps for screen module
executed with a transaction code or menu function
Function group
called from an application program using CALL FUNCTION
Subroutine pool
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Program Attributes
Program Type
Interface pool
Interfaces for local classes
Class pool
Local classes
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Program Attributes
Program Status
indicate the status of a program development:
SAP Standard production program
Customer production program
System program
Test program
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Program Attributes
Application
specifies the R/3 application area for which this program is
relevant:
Basis or System Program
Financial Accounting
Human Resources, Planning
Materials Management ...
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Program Attributes
Authorization groups
specifies the group authorized to view and modify the
program
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Program Attributes
Development class
Describes the area the program belongs to
Determines the transport layer and transport attributes of
the program
Begins with A..S or u..X
SAP standard objects (customer objects can not be
created here)
Changes to objects recorded by workbench organizer
Can be transported
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Program Attributes
Development class
Begins with Y or Z
Customer objects
Changes recorded in workbench organizer
Can be transported
Begins with $
Local class
Changes not recorded in workbench organizer
Cannot be transported
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Source Code
An ABAP program has a modular structure
All programs consist of a series of modules
Simplest is just one module
Syntax clearly separates individual processing blocks
Sequential execution of code lines within processing blocks
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ABAP Modules
Subroutines
Form....ENDFORM
Functions
Function....ENDFUNCTION
Processing blocks for events
<Event keyword>
Event statements
<Event keyword>
Event statements
Modules of a module pool
Module....ENDMODULE
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ABAP Modules
Sequential coding within processing blocks
General control flow statements
IF, DO, WHILE, (no GOTO)
Reports
Collections of processing blocks that the system calls
depending on events
Dialog programs
Collections of processing blocks (module pool) that are called by
screen flow logic
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Syntax Elements
Statements
Each statement begins with a keyword and ends with a period
WRITE ‘my first ABAP’.
Comments
Flagged by * at the beginning of the line or ‘‘ anywhere along the
line
Keywords
Determines the meaning of the entire statement
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Syntax Elements - Keywords
Types
Declarative keywords
Define data types or declare data objects the program
can access
Data types tables constants parameters
Control keywords
Control the flow of a program within a processing block
If, while, case
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Syntax Elements - Keywords
Types
Operational keywords
Process the data (as defined by the declarative
keywords)
Move, add, write
Calling keywords
Call processing blocks in the same or other program
Perform, call, submit, leave to
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Syntax Elements - Keywords
Types
Modularisation keywords
Define processing blocks in a program
Event keywords
Associated processing blocks are executed when the
relevant even t occurs
At selection screen, start-of-selection,...
Defining keywords
Associated processing blocks are executed as soon
as they are called by an explicit statement or in
screen flow logic
Form, function, module, ...
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Execution of ABAP Programs
A special runtime environment is required to execute an ABAP
program
ABAP processor which communicates with the list processor
and the dialog processor
Calls the individual modules according to established rules
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Conclusion
Examined concepts associated with the creation and execution of
an ABAP program
Program attributes
Includes, type, application, development class
Basic program structure
Modular nature of ABAP programs
Forms, functions
