ABAP Programming Overview

Prepared By Naveesh Surapureddy

 ABAP Course Outline
 Chapter 1 :
Introduction to ABAP
 Chapter 2 :
List Processing in ABAP
 Chapter 3 :
Open SQL & Internal Table
 Chapter 4 :
Event-driven Programming &
Selection Screen
 Chapter 5 : Modularization & Catch Statement
 Chapter 6 : Message, Debugging, File Transfer and
Type Group
 ABAP Chapter 1
 Introduction to SAP Architecture
 ABAP Overview
 Data Object in ABAP
 SAP System : 3 Tier Client/Server
SAP GUI SAP GUI SAP GUI Presentation
Server

SAP
Application
Server

DB Server
 SAP SYSTEM (3 Tier Architecture)
SAP GUI SAP GUI

Presentation Layer
(Windows based)

SAP Instance
Application Layer
Dispatcher M
(Windows Server/UNIX)
Request SAP Buffer
Queue
(Shared Mem)

D D B V S E
G

Oracle
Database Layer
Informix
(Windows Server/UNIX)
DB2
Database Server
MS SQL Server
MaxDB
Dialog Processing
 SAP System : Dialog Processing
SAP GUI

Report zpsm1.
Request Tables customers.
List Select single * from
Generate
1 customers where id = 1.
Screen(List)
10
Application Server Send Request Write: / customers-name.

Store request to
queue 3 Dispatcher
Send List 2 Search for SAP Buffer
9 free WP
Request Check Program in 7
Program
Queue Send request to Program
5 Buffer Execute
WP4 ABAP
Table statemen
D D D … D t
…

8 6

SQL Load&Gen
Database Server Request Program
Dialog Work Process Architecture
Dialog Work Process Local Memory

Memory Space
TaskHandler

ABAP Processor
List buffer

DYNPRO Processor

DB Interface
Result Set Memory

Database Server
ABAP Programming Overview
 ABAP Overview
MOVE … IF ...
DATA ...
WHILE...

WRITE ... SEARCH ...

*Comment... SELECT ...

DO ... LOOP AT ...

 ABAP

Advanced
Business
Application
Programming
 ABAP Feature

 Declaring data with various types and structure

 Operational elements for data manipulation
 Control elements for controlling the program
flow
 Event elements for reacting to external events
 ABAP

 Operating/Database system-independent
programming
 ABAP contains a subset of SQL called Open
SQL for comfortable database access for
various database
 ABAP Programming

 ABAP Report
 Dialog Programming(Transaction)
 ABAP Program : Report

Report Program
: attribute type 1
(executable)
Reading
Data

Database

 Reading data
 Types of ABAP Report

1. Report Listing
4 2. Drill-down Report
3. Control-break Report
4. ALV Report
 ABAP Program : Dialog Program

Dialog Program
: attribute type M
(Module Pool) Reading
Data

Writing

Database

 Reading and changing data

Dialog Program : Transaction
ABAP Programming
How to create ABAP program

Transaction Code : SE38

Transaction : SE38
Program Attribute
ABAP Editor
 The Structure of the Language
 Each statement must end with a period

DATA tmp TYPE I.

WRITE ‘Hello World’. WRITE ‘OK’.
 Literal

DATA tmp TYPE I. Text Literal

WRITE ‘Hello World’.
WRITE ’10’. Text Literal
MOVE 9 TO tmp.
Numeric Literal
 Chained Statements
 Successive statements that have the same string
segment can be combined to form a single
chained statement
 To do so, you specify the identical starting
segment once and conclude it with a colon (:),
the remaining segments are then listed,
separated by commas (,) and concluded with a
period (.)
 At runtime, a chained statement is treated like
an equivalent sequence of individual ABAP
statements
 Chained Statements

WRITE ‘Hello World’.

WRITE ‘OK’.
=
WRITE: ‘Hello World’, ‘OK’.

DATA tmp1 TYPE I.

DATA tmp2 TYPE C.
=
DATA: tmp1 TYPE I,
tmp2 TYPE C.
 Chained Statement

MOVE sy-subrc TO tmp1.

MOVE sy-subrc TO tmp2.
MOVE sy-subrc TO tmp3.
=
MOVE sy-subrc TO: tmp1,
tmp2,
tmp3.
 Chained Statement

PERFORM cal_1 USING a1 a2.

PERFORM cal_1 USING a3 a4.
=
PERFORM cal_1 USING: a1 a2,
a3 a4.
 Comments

* This is full line comment

WRITE ‘Hello World’. “ Write data (partial line comment)
WRITE ‘Test’.
 ABAP Command : Case Sensitivity
 ABAP command is not case sensitive

WRITE ‘Hello World’.

WriTe ‘Hello World’.
wRiTE ‘Hello World’.
Data Objects in ABAP
 Data Objects in ABAP
Memory Space
Variable Structure

Table Structure Internal Table

Constants <Field-symbols>
Variable
 Variable

 Variables can be declared at any point in a program

 Variables can be up to 30 characters in length

REPORT ZTEST.
DATA firstname TYPE STRING.
firstname = ‘John’.
 Predefined ABAP Data Types
Type Description Initial Value Length
C Character Space 1 – 65535

D Date ‘00000000’ 8 characters

F Floating Point 0.0 8 bytes

I Integer 0 4 bytes

N Numeric Text ‘0’ 1 – 65535

P Packed Decimal 0 1 – 16 bytes

T Time ‘000000’ 6 characters

X Hexadecimal ’00’ 1 – 65535

String Variable-length Space Variable

xstring Variable-length Blank string Variable

Hexadecimal
 Defining Variable with DATA Statement

* Syntax
DATA var[(length)] [Type type] [Decimals number].

DATA var LIKE Table-Field [VALUE initial value].

 Defining Variable with DATA Statement

* Data Declaration
DATA: tmp(10) TYPE C,
tmp1 TYPE I,
tmp2(8) TYPE P DECIMALS 2 VALUE ‘1.50’.
DATA: tmp3(5) TYPE N,
tmp4.
 Defining Variable with DATA Statement

* Data Declaration
DATA customerno LIKE customers-id.
DATA matnr LIKE mara-matnr.

DATA customerno TYPE customers-id.

DATA matnr TYPE mara-matnr.
 ABAP Predefined Data Types

ABAP Predefined Data Types

Complete Types Incomplete Types

(I,F,D,T,STRING and XSTRING) (C,N,P and X)
 Variable

 Data Type C,N and X length between 1 – 65535

(Default 1) DATA tmp(10) TYPE C.
 Data Type P length between 1 – 16 (Default 8) and
decimals length between 0 – 31 DATA tmp(5) TYPE P DECIMALS 2.

 Data Type I value between – 231 to 231 – 1

or –2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
DATA tmp TYPE I.
tmp = 1000000.
 Data type N

data tmp(5) type N.

tmp = ‘Xca9yy23K6’.
 ABAP Error
ABAP Error

Syntax Runtime
Error Error

User Runtime System Runtime

Error Error

Cannot Allocate Time Exceed

Space (10 Minutes)
 User Runtime Error

DATA result TYPE i.

result = 10 / 0.
System Runtime Error : Space Allocation
System Runtime Error : Time Exceed
 Non-elementary Type

* Data Declaration
TYPES tname(30) TYPE c.
DATA: customer_name TYPE tname,
firstname TYPE tname.
 Value Assignment

* Value assignment
DATA: name1(30),
first_num TYPE I,
next_num TYPE I.
MOVE ‘XXXX’ TO name1.
MOVE 5 TO first_num.
COMPUTE next_num = first_num + 5.
name1 = ‘SAP’.
ADD 1 TO next_num.
 Value Assignment

* Value assignment
DATA: tmp1 TYPE i,
tmp2 TYPE i.
tmp1 = tmp2 = 10.
ต้องการให้สร ้างตัวแปรชือ่ firstname และ lastname โดยให้คา่
ตัวแปร firstname และนามสกุลของคุณให้กบั ตัวแปร lastnam
ค่าข้อมู ล firstname กับ lastname ออกมาทีหน้่ าจอ

ABAP Practice
Structure
 Structure

* Syntax
DATA BEGIN OF <structure name>.
DATA field1.
DATA field2.
…
…
DATA END OF <structure name>.
 Structure
wa
id name city
* Syntax
00000000
DATA BEGIN OF wa.
DATA id LIKE customers-id.
DATA name LIKE customers-name.
DATA city LIKE customers-city.
DATA END OF wa.
MOVE 9 TO wa-id.
WRITE wa-id.
 Defining Structure (Include Structure)

* Include Structure
DATA BEGIN OF wa.
INCLUDE STRUCTURE customers.
DATA tel(7).
DATA END OF wa.
 Defining Structure

* LIKE option
DATA wa LIKE customers.
wa-id = 1.
wa-name = ‘John’.
WRITE: wa-id, wa-name.
ต้องการให้สร ้าง Structure ชือ่ myname โดยมีฟิลด ์ firstname
่
โดยให้คา่ ชือของคุ ณกับฟิ ลด ์ firstname และนามสกุลของคุณให
้
พร ้อมทังแสดงค่ ่ อ่ myname ทังฟิ
าข้อมู ลของ Structure ทีชื ้ ลด
lastname ออกมาทีหน้ ่ าจอ

ABAP Practice
Constants
 Constants

* Constant variable
CONSTANTS max_no TYPE I VALUE 999.
DATA counter TYPE I VALUE max_no.
WRITE: max_no, counter.
 Constants Using Example

* Constant variable
CONSTANTS ctext(11) TYPE C VALUE ‘Hello World’.
WRITE ctext.
WRITE ctext.
WRITE ctext.
WRITE ctext.
WRITE ctext.
 System Fields
 The system fields (structure syst) are filled by
the runtime environment. You can use them
to query the system status in an ABAP
program
 You should access them only for reading
 sy-datum = Current date of application server
syst-  sy-uzeit = Current time of application server
datum  sy-datlo = Current date of SAP GUI
 sy-timlo = Current time of SAP GUI
 sy-mandt = Current client logon
 sy-subrc = Return value of ABAP statement
ABAP System Fields : Structure SYST (SE11)
 DATE

* Fixed Length 8
* Include Representation ‘YYYYMMDD’
DATA today TYPE D.
today = sy-datum.
WRITE today.
today = ‘19991231’.
WRITE today.
 TIME

* Fixed Length 6
* Format ‘HHMMSS’
DATA times TYPE T.
times = sy-uzeit.
WRITE times.
HHMMSS
 MOVE Statement

DATA wa LIKE customers.

DATA vender LIKE customers.
wa-id = ‘1234’.
wa-name = ‘Test#1’.
MOVE wa TO vender. “vender = wa.
WRITE: wa-id, vender-name.
 MOVE-CORRESPONDING Statement

DATA: begin of wa1,

f1,f2,f4,
end of wa1.
DATA: begin of wa2,
f2,f1,f3,
end of wa2.
…
MOVE-CORRESPONDING wa1 TO wa2.
WRITE: wa1-f1,wa2-f1 .
Field-symbols
 Field-symbols

Data: name(4) Value ‘Test’,

num Type I Value 10,
today Type D Value ‘19980429’.
Field-symbols <temp>.
Assign name To <temp>.
Write <temp>.
Assign num To <temp>.
Write <temp>.
Assign today To <temp>.
Write <temp>.
 Field-symbols : UNASSIGN

data: name(4) Value ‘Test’,

field-symbols <temp>.
assign name To <temp>.
write <temp>.
unassign <temp>.
 CLEAR Statement

tatement sets a field to an initial value appropriate for i

CLEAR <data object>.

Example:
DATA tmp type i value 9.
tmp = 10.
CLEAR tmp.
 CLEAR Structure

DATA wa like customers.

…
CLEAR wa.
ABAP Report : Program Structure

Report ztest.
*Data objects declaration
data ...
data begin of ...
*Program Logic(Data objects processing)
…
write ….
ABAP Practice