4 Determiners

Determiners, or noun signals, are special adjectives used before nouns. There are different kinds of determiners.

The Articles
The words a, an and the are called the articles. The words a and an are indenite articles. They are used with singular nouns. Use a before nouns that begin with a consonant. Use an before nouns that begin with a vowel.

John is reading a book. Would you like a peach? Is that a dog or a fox? Youll need a ruler and a pencil. Is there also an entrance at the back of the building? Have you ever seen an elephant? I always take an apple to school. Do you have an umbrella that I can borrow? Would you like to live on an island?
umb
islan d

fox
mus eum
pencil

pea
lady

ch

rella
appl
entranc e

an

N o t e s
n Some vowels have a consonant sound as well as vowel sound. Use the article a
with nouns that begin with these vowels:

Is there a university in your town? Does every child in the school wear a uniform? We are taking a European vacation this summer.

n Some words begin with a silent h. Use an with nouns that begin with a silent h:
Weve been waiting here for an hour. Meeting the president was an honor for all of us.

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Determiners: Using Nouns without Articles

The word the is called the denite article. Use the before a noun when you are talking to someone who already knows which person or thing you mean.

Dad is sitting in the garden. Who made the mess on the carpet? Turn the television off now. Ill wait for you in the car. The boys are upstairs and the girls are outside in the street.

Using Nouns without Articles

When you are talking about something in general, not a particular thing, use a noun without an article. You can also use plural nouns without an article.

Frogs are my favorite animals. Children like playing games. Babies cry a lot. Glasses are things that you wear to correct your eyesight. Birds are animals that can y. People enjoy watching television.

Nouns that don't show quantity are normally used without a or an. The article the, however, may be used with nouns that don't show quantity.

I like sunshine. I sometimes have fruit for breakfast. Youve got dirt on your face. A clock measures time. Put sugar in your tea to make it sweet. I need time to think of a new plan. Would you pass me the salt, please. Can I borrow the paint when youve nished? N o t e s
You often use the singular nouns school, home, work, church without an article:

We go to school by bus. Dad has already left home for work. They go to church on Sundays.

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Determiners: Demonstrative Determiners

Demonstrative Determiners
The words this, that, these and those are also special pronouns called determiners. They are used to point out which thing or person you mean. They are called demonstrative determiners.

Use this and these to talk about things and people that are near you.

Use this with singular nouns. Who lives in this house? This car belongs to my mom. Does this key t the lock? This book is my favorite. Who gave you this money? This cheese tastes funny.

Use these with plural nouns These trousers are too short. I dont like these comics. These biscuits dont taste very good. I bought these apples for lunch. Is there an adult with these children?

Use that and those to talk about things that are farther away from you.

Use that with singular nouns This chair is mine and that chair is yours. That animal is making a funny noise. Would you pass me that book, please? Who is that man talking to Dad? How much is that dress?

Use those with plural nouns I gave my sandwiches to those boys. Those children go to a different school. These shoes are mine and those shoes are yours. These apples look fresh but those apples look rotten. Those people are from Africa.

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Determiners: Quantifying Determiners

Quantifying Determiners
Words such as many, much and several tell about quantity without giving an exact number. They are called quantifying determiners.

Some quantifying determiners are used only with plural nouns. They are few, a few, fewer, many, several and both.

Few people have been to the moon. A few children are absent today. I have fewer CDs than you.

We went to Europe many years ago. Several friends went with me. Both brothers have dark hair.

Some quantifying determiners can be used with plural nouns and nouns that show no exact number. They are all, half, some, enough, a lot of, lots of, more, most, other and plenty of.

All children seem to like chocolate. Weve eaten all the food in the refrigerator. Half the balloons have burst already. Jenny spends half her time watching television. Some girls like to play football. Can I have some water? Do you have enough books to read? I dont have enough material to make a dress. A lot of people like burgers. Theres a lot of fruit in the bowl. They went to a park with lots of animals in it. You will gain weight if you eat lots of ice cream. Youve got more brothers than I have. Theres more space in my room than yours. Most teachers enjoy teaching. Most lemonade contains sugar. He likes playing with other children. They had never tasted other food. Plenty of my friends have seen the Harry Potter movies. Drink plenty of water every day.
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Determiners: Quantifying Determiners

Some determiners can be used only with nouns of no exact number. They are little (meaning not much), a little (meaning some), much and less.

We have little time to play. Theres a little rice left. Does the teacher give you much homework? Ive got less ice cream than you.

Some quantifying determiners can only be used with singular nouns. They are another, every and each.

I need another pencil. He likes every child in the class. Each house is painted a different color.

The quantifying determiners either and neither refer to two people or things.

I dont like either drink. Neither sister has long hair.

Some quantifying determiners are used with singular, plural, or nouns of no exact quantity. They are any, no, no other and the other.

Any dog will bite if its afraid. Are there any good books in the library? There wasnt any space in the cupboard. No child likes getting hurt. There were no pencils in the drawer. Weve done no work today. There is no other way of solving the problem. She has no other friends. We have no other food in the refrigerator. Do you like this picture or the other picture? The other boys laughed at him. I like the other music better.
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Determiners: Interrogative Determiners; Possessive Determiners

Interrogative Determiners
The words what, which and whose are used before nouns to ask questions. Interrogative determiners appear just before nouns.

What time is it? Which boy is your brother? Whose pen is this?

Possessive Determiners
The words my, your, his, her, its, our and their are used before nouns to show ownership. They are called possessive determiners.

I gave my sandwich to John. Is this your desk? Alan crashed his bike into a wall. Mrs. Park keeps her house very clean. The dog was licking its paws. Theres a snake in our garden.

N o t e s
The possessive determiner your can be used when you are talking to one person or more than one person:

Im very angry with you, John. Your behavior has been very bad today. Jake and Josh, your dinner is ready.

Susan and Peter have invited me to their party.

singular personal pronoun I (subject pronoun) me (object pronoun) he (subject pronoun) him (object pronoun) she (subject pronoun) her (object pronoun)

possessive determiner my my his his her her its

plural personal pronoun we (subject pronoun) us (object pronoun) they (subject pronoun) them (object pronoun)

possessive determiner our our their their

you (subject/object pronoun) your

you (subject/object pronoun) your

it (subject/object pronoun)

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Determiners: Numbers; Using Determiners Together

Numbers
Numbers are determiners, too. Numbers are often used before nouns to tell you exactly how many people or things there are.

Our family has two dogs. There are twelve months in the year. We bought three pizzas. My grandfather lived for a hundred years.

Using Determiners Together

You can use quantifying determiners with each other and with numbers.

Some people like winter but many more people prefer summer. Theres a little less space in this cupboard than in that one. There are five fewer children in my class than in your class.

Use of between a quantifying determiner and another kind of determiner.

I dont like any of these drinks. Some of my friends dont like country music. Each of the boys answered the question correctly. Ive had enough of your bad behavior! Five of these girls are taller than any of the boys.
The quantifying determiner all may be used with or without of. For example you can say:

We ate all of the food in the fridge. He spends all of his time playing football. She likes all of my friends.
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or or or

We ate all the food in the fridge. He spends all his time playing football. She likes all my friends.

Exercise 1
Read the following passage. Write the correct article in each blank space. If no article is needed, leave the space blank. The first one has been done for you. John lives in
an

apartment with his mom, dad and sister Katy. kitchen, bathroom and ofce and his dad stays apartment. He spends much of

apartment has three bedrooms,

living room. Johns mom works in at his time in home and looks after

kitchen, preparing meals. John and Katy help their dad with housework. John likes using vacuum cleaner and Katy likes

to sweep

oor. Dad gives John and Katy money when they help him. They computer games!

usually spend the money on

Exercise 2
Notice the determiners in the following passage. What kind of determiners are they? Put a D in the box after a demonstrative determiner, a Q after a quantifying determiner, an I after an interrogative determiner, a P after a possessive determiner and an N after a number. Sally is my Her friend. We play together every day. I usually go to her house to play.

parents are very nice, but she has two brothers pulled my

brothers who sometimes spoil our hair. Sallys mom was very angry with

games. Last week, her

them. Stop behaving in that brothers.

rough way! she shouted. Im glad I dont have any

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