Ilovepdf - Merged (3) - 151-160

Positive and Negative Sentences
A positive sentence tells you that something is so.

A sentence that tells you something is not so is called
a negative sentence. It contains a negative word like
not, never, no, no one, nobody, none, or a negative
verb like isn’t or can’t or won’t.
Yes
No
Positive sentence Negative sentence

Peter is running. He is not walking.
We should tell the truth. We should never tell lies.
Everyone is in the garden. There is no one in the house.
The fridge is empty. There is nothing in it.
It is very cloudy. It isn’t sunny.
I have sold the last I have no newspapers left.
newspaper.
Someone has eaten There are none in the bag.
all the cookies.
146
Questions
There are two kinds of questions: yes or no questions

and wh- questions.
4 You ask a yes or no question to get yes or no as the

answer. Use the verbs be, have or do, or any of the
helping verbs, to ask yes or no questions.
Can you swim? Yes. Are they coming? No.

Is it raining? No. May I come in? Yes.
4 In questions, the helping or auxiliary verbs come before
the subject of the sentence. When be and have
are used as ordinary verbs, they come before the
subjects, too.
Statement Question
Jim is ill today. Is Jim ill today?
She has an older brother Has she an older brother?
The cats want to be fed. Do the cats want to be fed?
We should go now. Should we go now?
It will rain tomorrow. Will it rain tomorrow?
You may use my computer. May I use your computer?
Kate can ride a bike. Can Kate ride a bike?
m m ar H
a
Gr
elp
Here are some different ways of asking the

same question:
Has he a sister called Jane?
Does he have a sister called Jane?
Has he got a sister called Jane?
147
Wh- questions usually include the verbs be, have,
do, or any of the helping verbs.
4 To ask for facts, use the question words what, which,

who, whom, how, when, where. The helping verbs
in wh- questions usually come before the subject. So
does the verb be when it is used as an ordinary verb.
Where are you?

What is David saying?
How did you get up here?
Why was the girl crying?
Which color do you prefer?
Who is she going to invite to her party?
Whom is she going to invite to her party?
What is your problem?
When do the stores open in the morning?
Where shall I put this box?
Whose dictionary
What have you done to my computer? is this?
How am I going to finish all this work?
What would you like for dinner?
4 If the wh- question word is the subject of the question,

it comes before the verb. For example:
Who told you that?
What made you change your mind?
148
Exercise 1
Write short answers to the following questions.
Example: Is he tall? Yes, he is.
1 Do you know the answer? Yes, ___________.

2 Is Sara at home? No, ___________.
3 Do they know any grammar? Yes, ___________.
4 Are all of you coming to my house this evening?
Yes, ___________.
5 Is Mrs. Chen your English teacher? No, __________.
6 Can you dance? No, ___________.
Exercise 2
Fill in the blanks with the correct question words from
the box.
where when why how

whose what who which
1 ________ is your house?

2 ________ wallet is this?
3 ________ are you always late?
4 ________ wrote this book?
5 ________ of the two boys is smarter?
6 ________ size do you wear?
7 ________ old is he?
8 ________ is Jeff going to get a haircut?
149
14 Punctuation
Punctuation marks are signs such as periods, commas

and question marks. You use them in sentences to make
the meaning clear.
Period
You put a period at the end of a sentence.
He drew a horse
Albert is my good friend.

Please don’t be late.
The bird is sitting on a branch.
It’s snowing heavily today.
There’s a rainbow in the sky.
This big house belongs to a rich man.
I can swim.
Ethan is good at drawing.
They all enjoyed playing baseball.
150
Comma
Use a comma between nouns and noun phrases in

a list.
I bought two apples, three oranges and some grapes.
He enjoys tennis, badminton, skating and football.
At school we study English, math, science, history and
geography.
Use commas between adjectives when you use several

of them to describe something.
A giraffe is a tall, long-necked, long-legged animal.
He is a tall, handsome, smart and ambitious young man.
Use a comma after yes and no, and before please in

sentences. You also use a comma before or after the
name of the person you are speaking to.
Goodbye George!
No, it has stopped.
Good morning, sir!
Can you tell me what time it is, please?
Yes, it’s a quarter past three, George.
Commas are used to show where there is a brief pause.
Unfortunately, she injured her knee skiing.

She was in the bedroom, listening to music on the radio.
151
Exclamation Point
An exclamation point is often used after a command,

an interjection, or a word that shows surprise or anger.
Sit down! Quiet!

Oh dear! Put the knife down!
What a surprise! Help! Help!
You are fired! Eeek! A ghost!
I told you not to do that! Stop him!
Question Mark
Use a question mark after a question.
How are you

What’s your name?
How many stamps do you have?
Where do they come from?
Who has taken my pen?
Can you lend me your bicycle?
Where are you going?
Why are you always late?
What’s the meaning of this word?
Do you know the answer to this problem?
152
Apostrophe
Use an apostrophe with an s (’s) to show who owns

something.
The ’s is added after singular nouns or names.
This is Peter’s bed and A squirrel’s tail is big

that is Michael’s bed. and bushy.
We all like Mom’s cooking.
Amanda clears everybody’s plates after dinner.
John’s dog is very friendly.
All the pupils have a month’s vacation in June.
I spent the evening at David’s playing video games.
I took a ride in Tom’s car.
Father is holding Susie’s hand.
Jane is wearing her mother’s shoes.
We’re going to our aunt’s house.
There is a bird’s nest in that tree.
Our dog’s collar is brown.
Is this Portland’s tallest building?
153
4 Follow the same rule when a name or a singular noun
ends in -s. Write an apostrophe first and then add
another s.
The princess’s golden ball fell into a well.

A rhinoceros’s skin is very thick.
Dad is at his boss’s party.
4 For plural nouns that end in -s, put the apostrophe

after the -s.
Birds’ beaks are all different shapes and sizes.
Miss Lee is marking her pupils’ work.
This is my parents’ wedding photo.
Dresses are upstairs in the ladies’ department.
Henry goes to a boys’ school.
Dr. Kim parked his car in the doctors’ parking lot.
My brothers’ bedrooms are always messy.
The girls’ bedrooms are usually tidy.
A flood has destroyed all the farmers’ crops.
4 Some plural nouns do not end in -s. Just add ’s to

these plural nouns.
There are slides and swings and seesaws in the children’s

playground.
The men’s changing room is occupied.
The bookstore sells newspapers, comics and women’s
magazines.
Doctors look after people’s health.
154
m ar H
am
Gr
elp
4 You can also refer to a person’s office or shop by
using a possessive form with an apostrophe.
For example:
I’ll buy some bread at the baker’s.
I was reading a book at the dentist’s.
It’s time you went to the barber’s.
4 You can also refer to your friends’ homes

in the same way:
I’m going next door to Peter’s.
I stayed the night at Susan’s.
4 How do you make a possessive form of two people

joined by and, such as Peter and John, or Mary and
Anne? Put ’s only after the second name.
For example:
Barbara and David’s house
Jill and Andy’s party
4 These possessive forms of names and nouns can be

used without a following noun. For example:
Which desk is Susan’s?
George’s is in the back row.
This room is my brother’s.
155

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Positive and Negative Sentences

A positive sentence tells you that something is so.

Positive sentence Negative sentence

There are two kinds of questions: yes or no questions

4 You ask a yes or no question to get yes or no as the

Can you swim? Yes. Are they coming? No.

Here are some different ways of asking the

4 To ask for facts, use the question words what, which,

Where are you?

4 If the wh- question word is the subject of the question,

1 Do you know the answer? Yes, ___________.

where when why how

1 ________ is your house?

Punctuation marks are signs such as periods, commas

You put a period at the end of a sentence.

Albert is my good friend.

Use a comma between nouns and noun phrases in

Use commas between adjectives when you use several

Use a comma after yes and no, and before please in

Commas are used to show where there is a brief pause.

Unfortunately, she injured her knee skiing.

An exclamation point is often used after a command,

Sit down! Quiet!

Use a question mark after a question.

How are you

Use an apostrophe with an s (’s) to show who owns

This is Peter’s bed and A squirrel’s tail is big

The princess’s golden ball fell into a well.

4 For plural nouns that end in -s, put the apostrophe

4 Some plural nouns do not end in -s. Just add ’s to

There are slides and swings and seesaws in the children’s

4 You can also refer to your friends’ homes

4 How do you make a possessive form of two people

4 These possessive forms of names and nouns can be

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