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Keywords = cutavirus

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11 pages, 273 KiB  
Review
The Complex Role of Infectious Agents in Human Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma Pathogenesis: From Candidate Etiological Factors to Potential Therapeutics
by Assia Angelova, Jean Rommelaere and Guy Ungerechts
Pathogens 2024, 13(3), 184; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13030184 - 20 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1611
Abstract
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a devastating, potentially fatal T-lymphocyte malignancy affecting the skin. Despite all efforts, the etiology of this disease remains unknown. Infectious agents have long been suspected as factors or co-factors in CTCL pathogenesis. This review deals with the panel [...] Read more.
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a devastating, potentially fatal T-lymphocyte malignancy affecting the skin. Despite all efforts, the etiology of this disease remains unknown. Infectious agents have long been suspected as factors or co-factors in CTCL pathogenesis. This review deals with the panel of bacterial and viral pathogens that have been investigated so far in an attempt to establish a potential link between infection/carriage and CTCL development. A special focus is given to a recently discovered human protoparvovirus, namely the cutavirus (CutaV), which has emerged as a plausible CTCL etiological agent. Available evidence in support of this hypothesis as well as alternative interpretations and uncertainties raised by some conflicting data are discussed. The complexity and multifacetedness of the Parvoviridae family of viruses are illustrated by presenting another protoparvovirus, the rat H-1 parvovirus (H-1PV). H-1PV belongs to the same genus as the CutaV but carries considerable potential for therapeutic applications in cutaneous lymphoma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Vaccines and Therapeutic Developments)
20 pages, 3916 KiB  
Article
Generation and Validation of Monoclonal Antibodies Suitable for Detecting and Monitoring Parvovirus Infections
by Claudia Tessmer, Claudia Plotzky, Jana Fees, Hendrik Welsch, Rebecca Eudenbach, Martin Faber, Alicia Simón, Assia Angelova, Jean Rommelaere, Ilse Hofmann and Jürg P. F. Nüesch
Pathogens 2022, 11(2), 208; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11020208 - 4 Feb 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2025
Abstract
For many applications it is necessary to detect target proteins in living cells. This is particularly the case when monitoring viral infections, in which the presence (or absence) of distinct target polypeptides potentially provides vital information about the pathology caused by the agent. [...] Read more.
For many applications it is necessary to detect target proteins in living cells. This is particularly the case when monitoring viral infections, in which the presence (or absence) of distinct target polypeptides potentially provides vital information about the pathology caused by the agent. To obtain suitable tools with which to monitor parvoviral infections, we thus generated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in order to detect the major non-structural protein NS1 in the intracellular environment and tested them for sensitivity and specificity, as well as for cross-reactivity towards related species. Using different immunogens and screening approaches based on indirect immunofluorescence, we describe here a panel of mAbs suitable for monitoring active infections with various parvovirus species by targeting the major non-structural protein NS1. In addition to mAbs detecting the NS1 of parvovirus H-1 (H-1PV) (belonging to the Rodent protoparvovirus 1 species, which is currently under validation as an anti-cancer agent), we generated tools with which to monitor infections by human cutavirus (CuV) and B19 virus (B19V) (belonging to the Primate protoparvovirus 3 and the Primate erythroparvovirus 1 species, respectively, which were both found to persistently infect human tissues). As well as mAbs able to detect NS1 from a broad range of parvoviruses, we obtained entities specific for either (distinct) members of the Rodent protoparvovirus 1 species, human CuV, or human B19V. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Multifaceted Parvoviridae Family: From Pathogens to Therapeutics)
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14 pages, 984 KiB  
Article
Human Protoparvovirus DNA and IgG in Children and Adults with and without Respiratory or Gastrointestinal Infections
by Ushanandini Mohanraj, Maija Jokinen, Rajita Rayamajhi Thapa, Minna Paloniemi, Timo Vesikari, Maija Lappalainen, Eveliina Tarkka, Zaiga Nora-Krūkle, Anda Vilmane, Kim Vettenranta, Charles Mangani, Sami Oikarinen, Yue-Mei Fan, Per Ashorn, Elina Väisänen and Maria Söderlund-Venermo
Viruses 2021, 13(3), 483; https://doi.org/10.3390/v13030483 - 15 Mar 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2367
Abstract
Three human protoparvoviruses, bufavirus (BuV), tusavirus (TuV) and cutavirus (CuV), have recently been discovered in diarrheal stool. BuV has been associated with diarrhea and CuV with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, but there are hardly any data for TuV or CuV in stool or respiratory [...] Read more.
Three human protoparvoviruses, bufavirus (BuV), tusavirus (TuV) and cutavirus (CuV), have recently been discovered in diarrheal stool. BuV has been associated with diarrhea and CuV with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, but there are hardly any data for TuV or CuV in stool or respiratory samples. Hence, using qPCR and IgG enzyme immunoassays, we analyzed 1072 stool, 316 respiratory and 445 serum or plasma samples from 1098 patients with and without gastroenteritis (GE) or respiratory-tract infections (RTI) from Finland, Latvia and Malawi. The overall CuV-DNA prevalences in stool samples ranged between 0–6.1% among our six patient cohorts. In Finland, CuV DNA was significantly more prevalent in GE patients above rather than below 60 years of age (5.1% vs 0.2%). CuV DNA was more prevalent in stools among Latvian and Malawian children compared with Finnish children. In 10/11 CuV DNA-positive adults and 4/6 CuV DNA-positive children with GE, no known causal pathogens were detected. Interestingly, for the first time, CuV DNA was observed in two nasopharyngeal aspirates from children with RTI and the rare TuV in diarrheal stools of two adults. Our results provide new insights on the occurrence of human protoparvoviruses in GE and RTI in different countries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Animal Viruses)
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19 pages, 5033 KiB  
Article
Structural Characterization of Cuta- and Tusavirus: Insight into Protoparvoviruses Capsid Morphology
by Mario Mietzsch, Robert McKenna, Elina Väisänen, Jennifer C. Yu, Maria Ilyas, Joshua A. Hull, Justin Kurian, J. Kennon Smith, Paul Chipman, Yi Lasanajak, David Smith, Maria Söderlund-Venermo and Mavis Agbandje-McKenna
Viruses 2020, 12(6), 653; https://doi.org/10.3390/v12060653 - 17 Jun 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4617
Abstract
Several members of the Protoparvovirus genus, capable of infecting humans, have been recently discovered, including cutavirus (CuV) and tusavirus (TuV). To begin the characterization of these viruses, we have used cryo-electron microscopy and image reconstruction to determine their capsid structures to ~2.9 Å [...] Read more.
Several members of the Protoparvovirus genus, capable of infecting humans, have been recently discovered, including cutavirus (CuV) and tusavirus (TuV). To begin the characterization of these viruses, we have used cryo-electron microscopy and image reconstruction to determine their capsid structures to ~2.9 Å resolution, and glycan array and cell-based assays to identify glycans utilized for cellular entry. Structural comparisons show that the CuV and TuV capsids share common features with other parvoviruses, including an eight-stranded anti-parallel β-barrel, depressions at the icosahedral 2-fold and surrounding the 5-fold axes, and a channel at the 5-fold axes. However, the viruses exhibit significant topological differences in their viral protein surface loops. These result in three separated 3-fold protrusions, similar to the bufaviruses also infecting humans, suggesting a host-driven structure evolution. The surface loops contain residues involved in receptor binding, cellular trafficking, and antigenic reactivity in other parvoviruses. In addition, terminal sialic acid was identified as the glycan potentially utilized by both CuV and TuV for cellular entry, with TuV showing additional recognition of poly-sialic acid and sialylated Lewis X (sLeXLeXLeX) motifs reported to be upregulated in neurotropic and cancer cells, respectively. These structures provide a platform for annotating the cellular interactions of these human pathogens. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue In Memory of Michael Rossmann)
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1567 KiB  
Review
Human Protoparvoviruses
by Elina Väisänen, Yu Fu, Klaus Hedman and Maria Söderlund-Venermo
Viruses 2017, 9(11), 354; https://doi.org/10.3390/v9110354 - 22 Nov 2017
Cited by 38 | Viewed by 5525
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing and metagenomics have revolutionized the discovery of novel viruses. In recent years, three novel protoparvoviruses have been discovered in fecal samples of humans: bufavirus (BuV) in 2012, tusavirus (TuV) in 2014, and cutavirus (CuV) in 2016. BuV has since been studied [...] Read more.
Next-generation sequencing and metagenomics have revolutionized the discovery of novel viruses. In recent years, three novel protoparvoviruses have been discovered in fecal samples of humans: bufavirus (BuV) in 2012, tusavirus (TuV) in 2014, and cutavirus (CuV) in 2016. BuV has since been studied the most, disclosing three genotypes that also represent serotypes. Besides one nasal sample, BuV DNA has been found exclusively in diarrheal feces, but not in non-diarrheal feces, suggesting a causal relationship. According to both geno- and seroprevalences, BuV appears to be the most common of the three novel protoparvoviruses, whereas TuV DNA has been found in only a single fecal sample, with antibody detection being equally rare. Moreover, the TuV sequence is closer to those of non-human protoparvoviruses, and so the evidence of TuV being a human virus is thus far insufficient. Interestingly, besides in feces, CuV has also been detected in skin biopsies of patients with cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and a patient with melanoma, while all other skin samples have tested PCR negative. Even if preliminary disease associations exist, the full etiological roles of these viruses in human disease are yet to be resolved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Protoparvoviruses: Friends or Foes?)
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