Search Results (154)

N6-methyladenosine (m⁶A) plays a crucial regulatory role in the control of cellular functions and gene expression. Recent advances in sequencing techniques for transcriptome-wide m⁶A mapping have accelerated the accumulation of m⁶A site information at a single-nucleotide level, providing more high-confidence training data to develop computational approaches for m⁶A site prediction. However, it is still a major challenge to precisely predict m⁶A sites using in silico approaches. To advance the computational support for m⁶A site identification, here, we curated 13 up-to-date benchmark datasets from nine different species (i.e., H. sapiens, M. musculus, Rat, S. cerevisiae, Zebrafish, A. thaliana, Pig, Rhesus, and Chimpanzee). This will assist the research community in conducting an unbiased evaluation of alternative approaches and support future research on m⁶A modification. We revisited 52 computational approaches published since 2015 for m⁶A site identification, including 30 traditional machine learning-based, 14 deep learning-based, and 8 ensemble learning-based methods. We comprehensively reviewed these computational approaches in terms of their training datasets, calculated features, computational methodologies, performance evaluation strategy, and webserver/software usability. Using these benchmark datasets, we benchmarked nine predictors with available online websites or stand-alone software and assessed their prediction performance. We found that deep learning and traditional machine learning approaches generally outperformed scoring function-based approaches. In summary, the curated benchmark dataset repository and the systematic assessment in this study serve to inform the design and implementation of state-of-the-art computational approaches for m⁶A identification and facilitate more rigorous comparisons of new methods in the future. Full article

The paper partially covered Active Constrained Layer Damping (ACLD) cantilever beams’ dynamic modeling, active vibration control, and parameter optimization techniques as the main topic of this research. The dynamic model of the viscoelastic sandwich beam is created by merging the finite element approach with the Golla Hughes McTavish (GHM) model. The governing equation is constructed based on Hamilton’s principle. After the joint reduction of physical space and state space, the model is modified to comply with the demands of active control. The control parameters are optimized based on the Kalman filter and genetic algorithm. The effect of various ACLD coverage architectures and excitation signals on the system’s vibration is investigated. According to the research, the genetic algorithm’s optimization iteration can quickly find the best solution while achieving accurate model tracking, increasing the effectiveness and precision of active control. The Kalman filter can effectively suppress the impact of vibration and noise exposure to random excitation on the system. Full article

Ti⁴⁺-doped V₂O₅ films with nanowires on top and a dense, long nanorod layer on the bottom were successfully fabricated using the spin-coating route. During the electrochromic cycling, charge transfer resistance (R_ct) decreases while ion-diffusion ability (K_Ω) rapidly drops in the first ten cycles and then levels off. Low R_ct and morphology of nanowires collaboratively improved the electrochromic behavior of Ti⁴⁺-doped V₂O₅ films by enhancing the charge transfer speed and minimizing polarization and dissolution. The obtained Ti⁴⁺-doped V₂O₅ film shows better electrochromic properties than the undoped V₂O₅ film, with a coloration efficiency (CE) of 34.15 cm²/C, coloration time of 9.00 s, and cyclic retention of 82.6% at cycle 100. In contrast, the corresponding values for the undoped V₂O₅ film were 23.57 cm²/C, 13.16 s, and 43.6%. Full article

In this work, a MoS₂/C heterostructure was designed and prepared through an in situ composite method. The introduction of carbon during the synthesis process altered the morphology and size of MoS₂, resulting in a reduction in the size of the flower-like structures. Further, by varying the carbon content, a series of characterization methods were employed to study the structure and electrochemical lithium storage performance of the composites, revealing the effect of carbon content on the morphology, structure characteristics, and electrochemical performance of MoS₂/C composites. The experimental setup included three sample groups: MCS, MCM, and MCL, with glucose additions of 0.24 g, 0.48 g, and 0.96 g, respectively. With increasing carbon content, the size of MoS₂ initially decreases, then increases. Among these, the MCM sample exhibits the optimal structure, characterized by smaller MoS₂ dimensions with less variation. The electrochemical results showed that MCM exhibited excellent electrochemical lithium storage performance, with reversible specific capacities of 956.8, 767.4, 646.1, and 561.4 mAh/g after 10 cycles at 100, 200, 500, and 1000 mA/g, respectively. Full article

Focusing on solving the adverse laser-inducing damage problem, high-power laser-resistant strategies have attracted more attention. In order to improve the laser-resistant property, a novel dynamic porous structure generation idea for laser irradiation was presented in this study, both of high-reflection and reaction endothermic effects. A detailed investigation on phase structure change, optical properties variation, micro-structure evolution, and substrate temperature development during laser irradiation was performed. The initial reflectivity of two coatings at 1064 nm was high, around 80–90%. During laser irradiation, the reflectivity grew continuously, reaching a maximum of 93%. During laser irradiation, a skeleton porous structure formed, promoted by the endothermic reaction of aluminum tri-hydroxide, whose structure contributes to the heat insulation from surface to interior. Thus, the prepared coating showed excellent anti-laser ablation performance, being dependent on its thermal insulation by the reaction-generated porous structure; high reflectivity by surface; and heat dissipation by endothermic reaction. Under 2000 W/cm², 10 s laser irradiation (spot area is 10 mm × 10 mm), the back-surface temperature is just 159 °C, which is far away from the melting point of aluminum substrate. The coatings and strategy mentioned in this study have a great potential to be applied in the anti-laser field. Full article

We give a systematic investigation on the reproducing property of the zonal translation network and apply this property to kernel regularized regression. We propose the concept of the Marcinkiewicz–Zygmund setting (MZS) for the scattered nodes collected from the unit sphere. We show that under the MZ condition, the corresponding convolutional zonal translation network is a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. Based on these facts, we propose a kind of kernel regularized regression learning framework and provide the upper bound estimate for the learning rate. We also give proof for the density of the zonal translation network with spherical Fourier-Laplace series. Full article

As a part of the service industry, product design practitioners should possess an understanding of the multifaceted factors and solutions that contribute to delivering exceptional service quality. However, related research on the service quality factors and solutions for China’s ceramic product design industry is still an important research gap. In view of this, an integrated approach based on multi-criteria decision making (MCDM), combining the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and the measurement of alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution (MARCOS), was proposed in this research to analyse and evaluate the service quality factors and solutions for China’s ceramic product design industry. Initially, the FAHP method determined the significance of the service quality dimensions and indicators. Subsequently, the MARCOS method ranked the alternatives based on their performance against these criteria. This research focuses on the growing subject of service quality in China’s ceramic product design industry. The proposed model identifies essential service quality factors and solutions for China’s ceramic product design industry. The findings of this study may assist ceramic product design practitioners in China in making strategic decisions to provide excellent service quality. Full article

Lead-free Mn²⁺-based metal halide materials are now being considered as clean candidates for backlight displays and lights due to the d–d transition, diverse components, and environmental friendliness. Therefore, efficient and stable Mn²⁺-based metal halide phosphors are in great demand for practical applications. In this work, adopting the mixed-ligand strategy, a series of [(CH₃)₄N]_2−x[(C₂H₅)₄N]_xMnCl₄ phosphors were synthesized by mechanochemical process. With the increase molar ratio of (CH₃)₄N/(C₂H₅)₄N, the phase of phosphors is transformed from orthorhombic to tetragonal. Compared to [(CH₃)₄N]₂MnCl₄ and [(C₂H₅)₄N]₂MnCl₄ phosphors, the mixed-ligand strategy significantly boosts the green emission intensity of Mn²⁺-based metal halide phosphors. The obtained [(CH₃)₄N][(C₂H₅)₄N]MnCl₄ phosphors exhibit a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 83.78% under 450 nm excitation, which is attributed to the modulation of the adjacent [MnCl₄]₂- distance by using the different chain length of organic cations, effectively suppressing non-radiative recombination. Additionally, the [(CH₃)₄N][(C₂H₅)₄N]MnCl₄ phosphors exhibit a green emission at 516 nm, narrow full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 45.53 nm, and good thermal stability. The constructed white light-emitting diode (WLED) device exhibits a wide color gamut of 108.3% National Television System Committee, demonstrating the suitability of the [(CH₃)₄N][(C₂H₅)₄N]MnCl₄ phosphors as a green emitter for WLED displays and lightings. This work provides a new way to modulate the PL performance of manganese-based metal halides for application in the optoelectronic field. Full article

People spend most of their time indoors, and the visual characteristics of indoor building materials affect not only the quality of the indoor environment, but also the well-being of individuals. Ceramic tiles are widely used in interior decoration of buildings due to their aesthetic appeal and ease of maintenance. However, there is currently a lack of a comprehensive framework for assessing the visual comfort of ceramic tile design. This study established an evaluation system using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Delphi method to collect perceptual words, extract evaluation indices, and calculate weights. A visual comfort scale for ceramic tiles, comprising three dimensions and twelve indices, was developed. A total of 342 questionnaires were analyzed using six types of tiles, and the multidimensional visual comfort scores of the various ceramic tile samples were statistically examined. An analysis of variance was conducted to investigate the effects of tile brightness, texture, and participant gender on visual comfort. The findings indicate that tile brightness and texture significantly affect the overall visual comfort score (p < 0.001; p < 0.001), with light-toned, non-textured tiles providing higher visual comfort (3.949). Although gender did not significantly affect the overall visual comfort scores, it did influence the evaluation scores in certain dimensions. Men rated the aesthetic comfort of tiles lower than women (p = 0.035), but they rated the emotional comfort of medium-toned and non-textured tiles higher (p = 0.003; p = 0.017). In terms of theoretical significance, the establishment of this evaluation model can expand the research content and methods of ceramic tiles, which are crucial architectural decoration materials. In terms of practical significance, this study provides an evaluation method and partial evaluation information for designers, enabling them to assess and enhance the visual experience of tiles based on the specific needs of interior spaces and the characteristics of the visual subject. Full article

Jingdezhen, renowned as the cradle of Chinese ceramic art, has embraced new opportunities in the realm of art tourism amidst the global tourism boom. Nonetheless, this growth trajectory is fraught with challenges. This study aims to delve into the obstacles encountered in the development of art tourism in Jingdezhen and to identify the critical influencing factors through qualitative research methods, particularly grounded theory. By conducting in-depth interviews with ‘Jingpiao’ artists who have worked in the art industry in Jingdezhen for three years or more and have interacted with tourists, this research reveals that economic, infrastructure, human resources, government attitude, policy and regulation, promotion, and transportation are significant factors affecting the development of art tourism in Jingdezhen. These factors intertwine to form a complex system that impacts the sustainable development of art tourism in the region. The findings underscore the need for concerted efforts among government, businesses, and artists to optimise these key factors, thereby creating a more conducive environment for the development of art tourism in Jingdezhen. Moreover, this study offers valuable insights and lessons for the development of art tourism in other regions. Full article

Differentiable rendering techniques have received significant attention from both industry and academia for novel view synthesis or for reconstructing shapes and materials from one or multiple input photographs. These techniques are used to propagate gradients from image pixel colors back to scene parameters. The obtained gradients can then be used in various optimization algorithms to reconstruct the scene representation or can be further propagated into a neural network to learn the scene’s neural representations. In this work, we provide a brief taxonomy of existing popular differentiable rendering methods, categorizing them based on the primary rendering algorithms employed: physics-based differentiable rendering (PBDR), methods based on neural radiance fields (NeRFs), and methods based on 3D Gaussian splatting (3DGS). Since there are already several reviews for NeRF-based or 3DGS-based differentiable rendering methods but almost zero for physics-based differentiable rendering, we place our main focus on PBDR and, for completeness, only review several improvements made for NeRF and 3DGS in this survey. Specifically, we provide introductions to the theories behind all three categories of methods, a benchmark comparison of the performance of influential works across different aspects, and a summary of the current state and open research problems. With this survey, we seek to welcome new researchers to the field of differentiable rendering, offer a useful reference for key influential works, and inspire future research through our concluding section. Full article

The existing natural gas transportation pipelines can withstand a hydrogen content of 0 to 50%, but further research is still needed on the pathways of NO and CO production under moderate or intense low oxygen dilution (MILD) combustion within this range of hydrogen blending. In this paper, we present a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of hydrogen-doped jet flame combustion in a jet in a hot coflow (JHC) burner. We conducted an in-depth study of the mechanisms by which NO and CO are produced at different locations within hydrogen-doped flames. Additionally, we established a chemical reaction network (CRN) model specifically for the JHC burner and calculated the detailed influence of hydrogen content on the mechanisms of NO and CO formation. The findings indicate that an increase in hydrogen content leads to an expansion of the main NO production region and a contraction of the main NO consumption region within the jet flame. This phenomenon is accompanied by a decline in the sub-reaction rates associated with both the prompt route and NO-reburning pathway via CH_i=0–3 radicals, alongside an increase in N₂O and thermal NO production rates. Consequently, this results in an overall enhancement of NO production and a reduction in NO consumption. In the context of MILD combustion, CO production primarily arises from the reduction of CO₂ through the reaction CH₂(S) + CO₂ ⇔ CO + CH₂O, the introduction of hydrogen into the system exerts an inhibitory effect on this reduction reaction while simultaneously enhancing the CO oxidation reaction, OH + CO ⇔ H + CO₂, this dual influence ultimately results in a reduction of CO production. Full article

Conductive multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as well as piezoelectric zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are frequently used as a single additive and dispersed in polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) solutions for the fabrication of piezoelectric composite films. In this study, MWCNT/ZnO binary dispersions are used as spinning liquids to fabricate composite nanofibrous films by electrospinning. Binary additives are conducive to increasing the crystallinity, piezoelectric voltage coefficient, and consequent piezoelectricity of as-spun films owing to the stretch-enhanced polarization of the electrospinning process under an applied electric field. PCZ–1.5 film (10 wt. % PVDF/0.1 wt. % MWCNTs/1.5 wt. % ZnO nanoparticles) contains the maximum β-phase content of 79.0% and the highest crystallinity of 87.9% in nanofibers. A sensor using a PCZ–1.5 film as a functional layer generates an open-circuit voltage of 10 V as it is subjected to impact loads with an amplitude of 6 mm at 10 Hz. The piezoelectric sensor reaches a power density of 0.33 μW/cm² and a force sensitivity of 582 mV/N. In addition, the sensor is successfully applied to test irregular motions of a bending finger and stepping foot. The result indicates that electrospun PVDF/MWCNT/ZnO nanofibrous films are suitable for wearable devices. Full article

Silicone rubber (SR), as one kind of highly valuable rubber material, has been widely used in many fields, e.g., construction, transportation, the electronics industry, automobiles, aviation, and biology, owing to its attractive properties, including high- and low-temperature resistance, weathering resistance, chemical stability, and electrical isolation, as well as transparency. Unfortunately, the inherent flammability of SR largely restricts its practical application in many fields that have high standard requirements for flame retardancy. Throughout the last decade, a series of flame-retardant strategies have been adopted which enhance the flame retardancy of SR and even enhance its other key properties, such as mechanical properties and thermal stability. This comprehensive review systematically reviewed the recent research advances in flame-retarded SR materials and summarized and introduced the up-to-date design of different types of flame retardants and their effects on flame-retardant properties and other performances of SR. In addition, the related flame-retardant mechanisms of the as-prepared flame-retardant SR materials are analyzed and presented. Moreover, key challenges associated with these various types of FRs are discussed, and future development directions are also proposed. Full article

In this paper, the precipitation behavior and its effect on resistivity in a new type of nickel–iron-based alloy during short-term aging were investigated. During the aging process, the γ′ phase increases in average size and decreases in number, with its area fraction fluctuating over time. This fluctuation is caused by the mismatch in the redissolution and growth rates of the γ′ phase. As the area fraction of the γ′ phase increases, the content of solute atoms in the matrix that scatter electrons decreases, lowering the resistivity of the alloy. Additionally, the continuous precipitation of M23C6 at grain boundaries during aging causes the resistivity to gradually increase. This paper explains the fluctuation in the total amount of γ′ phase during short-term aging and proposes a new method for characterizing the precipitation behavior of the γ′ phase in the novel alloy using the relative trend of resistivity changes. Full article