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The Role of Nutrition and Food Security in the Enteric Nervous System

A special issue of Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 October 2024 | Viewed by 1814

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Clinical Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego Str. 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
Interests: environmental pollution; veterinary toxicology; neuronal plasticity; enteric nervous system

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The enteric nervous system (ENS), located in the wall of the gastrointestinal tract, extends from the initial esophagus to the anal sphincter. The ENS regulates motor activity, intestinal excretion, blood flow and collaborates with the intestinal endocrine and immune system independently of the central nervous system. Due to its autonomy and the number of neurons that comprise the ENS, it is referred to as the “intestinal brain”. Moreover, the ENS is very flexible in response to pathological agents and is adaptable to changing environmental conditions caused by structural changes, alterations in excitability, or a change in the neurochemical phenotype of nerve cells.

Diet is among the most prominent factors determining the chemical milieu in the lumen and, after absorption, within the gut wall. However, some dietary toxins can disrupt the functionality of the ENS, affecting the behavior of enteric neurons and enteric glial cells. Thus, the enteric nervous system may play a vital role in ensuring food security.

This Special Issue focuses on the current research addressing the influence of diet and food security on the enteric nervous system and mechanisms connected to nutrients. New research papers, reviews that investigate these associations and the underlying causes are welcome.

Dr. Katarzyna Palus
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • diet
  • nutrition
  • food security
  • gut–brain connection
  • enteric nervous system

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

22 pages, 1509 KiB  
Review
Dietary Exposure to Acrylamide Has Negative Effects on the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Review
by Katarzyna Palus
Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2032; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132032 - 26 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1493
Abstract
Changing eating habits and an increase in consumption of thermally processed products have increased the risk of the harmful impact of chemical substances in food on consumer health. A 2002 report by the Swedish National Food Administration and scientists at Stockholm University on [...] Read more.
Changing eating habits and an increase in consumption of thermally processed products have increased the risk of the harmful impact of chemical substances in food on consumer health. A 2002 report by the Swedish National Food Administration and scientists at Stockholm University on the formation of acrylamide in food products during frying, baking and grilling contributed to an increase in scientific interest in the subject. Acrylamide is a product of Maillard’s reaction, which is a non-enzymatic chemical reaction between reducing sugars and amino acids that takes place during thermal processing. The research conducted over the past 20 years has shown that consumption of acrylamide-containing products leads to disorders in human and animal organisms. The gastrointestinal tract is a complex regulatory system that determines the transport, grinding, and mixing of food, secretion of digestive juices, blood flow, growth and differentiation of tissues, and their protection. As the main route of acrylamide absorption from food, it is directly exposed to the harmful effects of acrylamide and its metabolite—glycidamide. Despite numerous studies on the effect of acrylamide on the digestive tract, no comprehensive analysis of the impact of this compound on the morphology, innervation, and secretory functions of the digestive system has been made so far. Acrylamide present in food products modifies the intestine morphology and the activity of intestinal enzymes, disrupts enteric nervous system function, affects the gut microbiome, and increases apoptosis, leading to gastrointestinal tract dysfunction. It has also been demonstrated that it interacts with other substances in food in the intestines, which increases its toxicity. This paper summarises the current knowledge of the impact of acrylamide on the gastrointestinal tract, including the enteric nervous system, and refers to strategies aimed at reducing its toxic effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Nutrition and Food Security in the Enteric Nervous System)
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