Journal Description
Compounds
Compounds
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal on chemical compounds published quarterly online by MDPI.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within ESCI (Web of Science), Scopus and other databases.
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 40.1 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 5.7 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the first half of 2024).
- Recognition of Reviewers: APC discount vouchers, optional signed peer review, and reviewer names published annually in the journal.
- Compounds is a companion journal of Metals.
Latest Articles
Recent Advances in Transition Metal-Catalyzed Ring-Opening Reaction of Aziridine
Compounds 2024, 4(4), 626-649; https://doi.org/10.3390/compounds4040038 (registering DOI) - 11 Oct 2024
Abstract
The smallest strained, saturated N-heterocycles, such as aziridine, can be a valuable building block in synthetic organic chemistry. Ring-opening reactions with various nucleophiles could be the most important strategy to synthesize various value-added molecular entities. Therefore, regioselective ring-opening reactions of aziridines with various
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The smallest strained, saturated N-heterocycles, such as aziridine, can be a valuable building block in synthetic organic chemistry. Ring-opening reactions with various nucleophiles could be the most important strategy to synthesize various value-added molecular entities. Therefore, regioselective ring-opening reactions of aziridines with various heteroatomic nucleophiles and carbon nucleophiles establish a useful synthetic methodology to synthesize biologically relevant β-functionalized alkylamines. The regio-selective ring-opening of aziridines is highly dependent on the substrate combination, and stereochemical control is challenging for Lewis acid-promoted reactions. Therefore, the development of a robust, catalytic ring-opening process that assists in the accurate prediction of regioselectivity and stereochemistry is highly desirable. Consequently, a large number of publications detailing distinct methods for aziridine ring-opening reactions can be found in the literature. In this review, we discuss several transition metal catalyzed cross-coupling reaction protocols for the ring opening of substituted aziridines with various carbon nucleophiles.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue (Bio)molecules from Natural Extracts: An Infinite World of Opportunities)
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Unlocking the Potential of Hydroxycinnamic Acid Bioconjugates: Tailored Derivatives for Biomedical, Cosmetic, and Food Applications
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José C. J. M. D. S. Menezes and Vinícius R. Campos
Compounds 2024, 4(4), 604-625; https://doi.org/10.3390/compounds4040037 - 10 Oct 2024
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This review discusses the development and applications of bioconjugates derived from natural hydroxycinnamic acids (HCA), such as coumaric, sinapic, ferulic, and caffeic acids, combined with various biomaterials. These bioconjugates offer a range of benefits including antioxidant properties, UV protection, customized hydrophilic–lipophilic balance, improved
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This review discusses the development and applications of bioconjugates derived from natural hydroxycinnamic acids (HCA), such as coumaric, sinapic, ferulic, and caffeic acids, combined with various biomaterials. These bioconjugates offer a range of benefits including antioxidant properties, UV protection, customized hydrophilic–lipophilic balance, improved safety, solubility, emolliency, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and targeted delivery for biomedical, cosmetic, and food applications. The increasing demand for natural products in the biomedical, cosmetic, and food industries has led to the exploration of these hydroxycinnamic acids and their derivatives. We discuss the synthesis and modification of hydroxycinnamic acids with biomaterials such as ω-hydroxy fatty acids, castor and lesquerella oils, glycerol, isosorbides, and synthetic polyethylene glycol to form functional phenolipids for biomedical, sunscreen, and skincare applications. Encapsulation techniques with β-cyclodextrins and modification of polymeric supports like polysaccharides and starch are discussed for enhancing bioavailability and solubility and targeted delivery. The fine-tuned development of bioconjugates from hydroxycinnamic acids using glycerol to modify the hydrophilic–lipophilic balance, substitution by water-soluble carboxylic acid groups, vegetable oil-based phenolipids, polysaccharides, and PEGylation provide enhanced dual functionalities and offer a promising avenue for creating effective products across various applications.
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Open AccessReview
Vibrational Spectroscopies for Investigating Structural and Biochemical Modifications Induced in Hard Dental Tissues by Femtosecond Laser Ablation: A Brief Review
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Marianna Portaccio, Ines Delfino, Giovanni Maria Gaeta, Umberto Romeo and Maria Lepore
Compounds 2024, 4(4), 587-603; https://doi.org/10.3390/compounds4040036 - 3 Oct 2024
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In recent years, the femtosecond laser ablation of hard dental tissues has stimulated great interest in preparing accurate and reproducible dental cavities. Many studies on the changes induced in the surface morphology, structure, and composition of human teeth have been performed using various
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In recent years, the femtosecond laser ablation of hard dental tissues has stimulated great interest in preparing accurate and reproducible dental cavities. Many studies on the changes induced in the surface morphology, structure, and composition of human teeth have been performed using various advanced experimental techniques. Vibrational spectroscopies such as Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy have been adopted for obtaining precise information about changes induced by femtosecond laser ablation in human teeth. Their two main components, dentin and enamel, have been carefully investigated. The analysis of the vibrational spectra has allowed for the identification of the optimal working parameters for efficient laser ablation processes. In the present review, a brief description of the abovementioned vibrational techniques is reported, and the principal results obtained by these two vibrational spectroscopies in the study of femtosecond laser ablated teeth are summarized and analyzed.
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Open AccessArticle
Impact of Hydrodynamic Cavitation Pretreatment on Sodium Oleate Adsorption onto Diaspore and Kaolinite Surfaces
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Weiguang Zhou, Haobin Wei, Yangge Zhu, Yufeng Long, Yanfei Chen and Yuesheng Gao
Compounds 2024, 4(3), 571-586; https://doi.org/10.3390/compounds4030035 - 18 Sep 2024
Abstract
To investigate how hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) affects the adsorption of sodium oleate (NaOl) on diaspore and kaolinite surfaces, a comparative study on NaOl adsorption was conducted under different conditions. The flotation and separation of the minerals were also examined with and without HC
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To investigate how hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) affects the adsorption of sodium oleate (NaOl) on diaspore and kaolinite surfaces, a comparative study on NaOl adsorption was conducted under different conditions. The flotation and separation of the minerals were also examined with and without HC pretreatment of NaOl. The results show that short-term HC pretreatment of NaOl solutions did not induce a measurable change in the chemical structure of NaOl, but produced micro-nanobubbles (MNBs) and resulted in decreases in the surface tension and viscosity of liquids. When MNBs interacted with minerals, their anchor on solids could affect the contact angles, zeta potentials, and surface NaOl adsorption toward minerals. At low NaOl concentrations, the presence of MNBs reduced the NaOl adsorption capacity and particles’ zeta potential while increasing the minerals’ contact angle. At higher NaOl concentrations, the presence of MNBs promoted NaOl adsorption, further increased the minerals’ contact angle, and further decreases the particles’ zeta potential. Additionally, the flotation and separation of minerals can be enhanced at low NaOl concentrations, largely due to the enhanced bubble mineralization through the selective surface-anchoring of MNBs on diaspore. However, the separation efficiency might deteriorate at high NaOl concentrations, though the presence of MNBs amplified the divergences in minerals’ surface wettability and zeta potentials.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Compounds (2024))
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Atomic Force Microscopy’s Application for Surface Structure Investigation of Materials Synthesized by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
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Ivan A. Pelevin, Tatiana P. Kaminskaya, Stanislav V. Chernyshikhin, Kirill B. Larionov and Ella L. Dzidziguri
Compounds 2024, 4(3), 562-570; https://doi.org/10.3390/compounds4030034 - 13 Sep 2024
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Article presents a comparison of surface structure study methods, such as atomic force microscopy, scanning and transition electron microscopy in terms of metallic materials 3D-printed using the laser powder bed fusion technique. The main features, advantages, disadvantages of atomic force microscopy as a
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Article presents a comparison of surface structure study methods, such as atomic force microscopy, scanning and transition electron microscopy in terms of metallic materials 3D-printed using the laser powder bed fusion technique. The main features, advantages, disadvantages of atomic force microscopy as a research method for the LPBF synthesized samples are discussed in the context of hard magnetic material, specifically Nd-Fe-B. The ability to provide qualitative grain structure analysis with the high-resolution images of atomic force microscopy is comprehensively studied. For confirmation good applicability of the above-mentioned method for LPBF sample analysis images of a magnetic domain structure obtained via atomic force microscopy are presented. Thus, the applicability of atomic force microscopy to the quality microstructural investigation of metallic materials obtained by LPBF is demonstrated.
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Open AccessArticle
Peculiarities of Hematite Reduction Using Waste Activated Sludge (WAS) Carbonization Products
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Abigail Parra Parra, Marina Vlasova, Pedro Antonio Márquez Aguilar, Jorge Luis Hernández Morelos and Manuel Eduardo Serrano Nava
Compounds 2024, 4(3), 548-561; https://doi.org/10.3390/compounds4030033 - 10 Sep 2024
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In the present study, XRD, SEM/EDS, Raman, EMR/EPR spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) were used to analyze the reduction of hematite by the carbonization products of waste activated sludge (WAS) at 500–1000 °C. The reduction process includes the following steps: α-Fe2
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In the present study, XRD, SEM/EDS, Raman, EMR/EPR spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) were used to analyze the reduction of hematite by the carbonization products of waste activated sludge (WAS) at 500–1000 °C. The reduction process includes the following steps: α-Fe2O3 → Fe2O3 + Fe3O4 (Ttr~500 °C) → Fe3O4 (Ttr~600–700 °C) → FeO → Feamorph. (Ttr~1000 °C). The prevalence of certain phase compositions at different hematite reduction temperatures makes it possible to predict the areas viable for the application of reduced oxides: adsorbents (after Ttr~500 °C) → soft ferromagnetic materials (after Ttr~600–700 °C) → electrically engineered amorphous iron (after Ttr~1000 °C).
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Magnetron Sputtering as a Solvent-Free Method for Fabrication of Nanoporous ZnO Thin Films for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Organic Pollution Degradation
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Kamila Ćwik, Jakub Zawadzki, Rafał Zybała, Monika Ożga, Bartłomiej Witkowski, Piotr Wojnar, Małgorzata Wolska-Pietkiewicz, Maria Jędrzejewska, Janusz Lewiński and Michał A. Borysiewicz
Compounds 2024, 4(3), 534-547; https://doi.org/10.3390/compounds4030032 - 4 Sep 2024
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Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the most versatile semiconductor materials with many potential applications. Understanding the interactions between the surface chemistry of ZnO along with its physico-chemical properties are essential for the development of ZnO as a robust photocatalyst for the removal
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Zinc oxide (ZnO) is one of the most versatile semiconductor materials with many potential applications. Understanding the interactions between the surface chemistry of ZnO along with its physico-chemical properties are essential for the development of ZnO as a robust photocatalyst for the removal of aqueous pollutants. We report on the fabrication of nanoparticle-like porous ZnO films and the correlation between the fabrication process parameters, particle size, surface oxygen vacancies (SOV), photoluminescence and photocatalytic performance. The synthesis route is unique, as highly porous zinc layers with nanoscale grains were first grown via magnetron sputtering, a vacuum-based technique, and subsequently annealed at temperatures of 400 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C in oxygen flow to oxidise them to zinc oxide (ZnO) while maintaining their porosity. Our results show that as the annealing temperature increases, nanoparticle agglomeration increases, and thus there is a decrease in the active sites for the photocatalytic reaction. However, for selected samples the annealing leads to an increase of the photocatalytic efficiency, which we explain based on the analysis of defects in the material, based on photoluminescence (PL). PL analysis showed that in the material the transition between the conduction band and the oxygen vacancy is responsible for the green emission centered at 525 nm, but the photocatalytic activity correlated best with surface states—related emission.
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Open AccessArticle
Comparative Study of the Chemical Composition of Root, Stem and Leaf Essential Oils from Synedrella nodiflora (L.) Gaertn
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Didjour Albert Kambiré, Kayatou Touré, Thierry Acafou Yapi, Mathieu Paoli, Ange Bighelli, Jean Brice Boti and Félix Tomi
Compounds 2024, 4(3), 521-533; https://doi.org/10.3390/compounds4030031 - 20 Aug 2024
Abstract
This study aims at investigating the chemical composition of root, stem and leaf essential oils from Ivorian Synedrella nodiflora, with the root oil being described for the first time. Sixty, fifty-one and forty-nine constituents were, respectively identified in the root, stem and
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This study aims at investigating the chemical composition of root, stem and leaf essential oils from Ivorian Synedrella nodiflora, with the root oil being described for the first time. Sixty, fifty-one and forty-nine constituents were, respectively identified in the root, stem and leaf oils using a combination of GC(RI), GC-MS and 13C-NMR analyses. They accounted for 95.6–97.3%, 92.6–97.6% and 93.3–98.8% of the total composition, respectively. The main components of the root oil samples were γ-curcumene, (E)-β-caryophyllene, α-curcumene and curcuphenyl acetate. Three stem oil samples (S1, S2a, S3) were dominated by myrcene and limonene, while the most abundant components of sample S2b were thymol, germacrene D and β-elemene. (E)-β-caryophyllene and germacrene D were the major compounds of the leaf oil. Hierarchical cluster and principal component statistical analyses were performed and confirmed that the location does not influence the chemical composition. Group I consisted of the seven leaf oil samples, group II consisted of four stem oil samples and group III consisted of three root oil samples. The root oil composition differed considerably from the stem and leaf oil composition due to the presence of curcumene derivatives as major constituents. The leaf oil showed significant amounts of (E)-β-caryophyllene and germacrene D, while the stem oil stood out for its high myrcene, limonene and thymol contents.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Compounds (2024))
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The Solution Combustion Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Allium schoenoprasum (Chives) as a Green Fuel
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Elyas Sheibani, Saman Soltani Alasvand, Neda Sami, Jalil Vahdati Khaki and Sahar Mollazadeh Beidokhti
Compounds 2024, 4(3), 503-520; https://doi.org/10.3390/compounds4030030 - 19 Aug 2024
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Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are widely recognized for their distinctive properties and versatile applications across diverse technological domains. However, traditional methods of synthesizing ZnO nanoparticles are characterized by environmental incompatibility, high costs, and the necessity for precise process control to attain the intended
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Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are widely recognized for their distinctive properties and versatile applications across diverse technological domains. However, traditional methods of synthesizing ZnO nanoparticles are characterized by environmental incompatibility, high costs, and the necessity for precise process control to attain the intended particle dimensions and morphology. The present study utilized a chives extract as a sustainable and eco-friendly fuel in the solution combustion synthesized (SCS) process to produce ZnO nanoparticles. The investigation encompassed an analysis of the impact of the fuel-to-oxidizer (F/O) ratio on the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles’ size, morphology, and crystallinity. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that the particle’s crystallite size increased significantly from 12 nm to 42 nm after decreasing the F/O ratio. Furthermore, electron microscopic imagery and FTIR spectroscopy outcomes indicated that modifications in the F/O ratio significantly influenced the SCS process parameters, forming particles with diverse morphologies, including spherical, pyramid-like, hexagonal, and hexagonal plate-like shapes. This research presents a straightforward, cost-efficient, and environmentally sustainable approach for producing ZnO nanoparticles with diverse morphologies, presenting a broad potential for various applications.
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Open AccessReview
Plant Antioxidants: Therapeutic Potential in Cardiovascular Diseases
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Hilda Aguayo-Morales, Joan Poblano, Lia Berlanga, Ileana Castillo-Tobías, Sonia Yesenia Silva-Belmares and Luis E. Cobos-Puc
Compounds 2024, 4(3), 479-502; https://doi.org/10.3390/compounds4030029 - 12 Aug 2024
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a global health problem. The mortality associated with them is one of the highest. Essentially, CVDs occur when the heart or blood vessels are damaged. Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (free radicals)
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Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a global health problem. The mortality associated with them is one of the highest. Essentially, CVDs occur when the heart or blood vessels are damaged. Oxidative stress is an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (free radicals) and antioxidant defenses. Increased production of reactive oxygen species can cause cardiac and vascular injuries, leading to CVDs. Antioxidant therapy has been shown to have beneficial effects on CVDs. Plants are a rich source of bioactive antioxidants on our planet. Several classes of these compounds have been identified. Among them, carotenoids and phenolic compounds are the most potent antioxidants. This review summarizes the role of some carotenoids (a/β-carotene, lycopene and lutein), polyphenols such as phenolic acids (caffeic, p-coumaric, ferulic and chlorogenic acids), flavonoids (quercetin, kaempferol and epigallocatechin gallate), and hydroxytyrosol in mitigating CVDs by studying their biological antioxidant mechanisms. Through detailed analysis, we aim to provide a deeper understanding of how these natural compounds can be integrated into cardiovascular health strategies to help reduce the overall burden of CVD.
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Electrodeposition of Copper-Silver Alloys from Aqueous Solutions: A Prospective Process for Miscellaneous Usages
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Sofya Efimova, Florica Simescu Lazar, Jean-Paul Chopart, François Debray and Anne-Lise Daltin
Compounds 2024, 4(3), 453-478; https://doi.org/10.3390/compounds4030028 - 8 Jul 2024
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The electrodeposition of copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and their alloys has been a subject of interest since the 19th century. Primarily due to their exceptional features such as good mechanical hardness and electrical conductivity, high resistance to corrosion, and electromigration, Cu–Ag electrodeposits continue
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The electrodeposition of copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and their alloys has been a subject of interest since the 19th century. Primarily due to their exceptional features such as good mechanical hardness and electrical conductivity, high resistance to corrosion, and electromigration, Cu–Ag electrodeposits continue to be investigated and developed to improve their properties for different applications. This paper reviews the state of the art in the field of electroplated Cu–Ag alloys in an aqueous solution, with particular emphasis on the observed properties and variety of electrochemical processes used to produce high-quality materials. Moreover, this review paper focuses on the experimental conditions employed for Cu–Ag electrodeposition, intending to understand the basis and manipulate the processes to obtain coatings with superior characteristics and for attractive usage. Finally, the most trending applications of these coatings are discussed depending on different parameters of electrodeposition to provide prospects for potential research.
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Open AccessReview
The Role of Bioactive Glasses in Dental Erosion―A Narrative Review
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Dimitrios Dionysopoulos
Compounds 2024, 4(3), 442-452; https://doi.org/10.3390/compounds4030027 - 2 Jul 2024
Abstract
Dental erosion represents the gradual and irreversible depletion of dental hard tissues due to a chemical process, independent of bacterial influence. It has emerged as a notable clinical concern in recent years, primarily attributed to substantial lifestyle shifts resulting in the heightened intake
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Dental erosion represents the gradual and irreversible depletion of dental hard tissues due to a chemical process, independent of bacterial influence. It has emerged as a notable clinical concern in recent years, primarily attributed to substantial lifestyle shifts resulting in the heightened intake and frequency of acid-containing foods and beverages. Apart from the extrinsic erosive agents derived from external sources, such as dietary habits or medication, intrinsic erosive agents may exist due to pathological reasons with the contents of the stomach including gastric juice, mainly composed of hydrochloric acid, being their sole source. Currently, bioactive materials are used in various forms for the prevention of dental erosion. Such materials include, among others, bioactive glasses (BAGs). BAGs are a type of glass that, when in contact with biological fluids, can elicit a specific biological response. When they come into contact with bodily fluids, they can initiate a series of processes, including the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer on the glass surface. This bioactivity is particularly advantageous in medical and dental applications, where BAGs are used for bone regeneration, tissue repair, and dental restorative or preventive techniques. The aim of this literature review was to analyze and discuss the role of BAGs in protecting the tooth structures from dental erosion. The analysis of the existing literature regarding this topic indicated that the use of BAGs in preventive treatments against tooth erosion can be useful in dental practice. Further clinical evidence is necessary to confirm the effectiveness of the particular preventive measures.
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Open AccessCorrection
Correction: Bach et al. Protection and Rehabilitation Effects of Cordyceps militaris Fruit Body Extract and Possible Roles of Cordycepin and Adenosine. Compounds 2022, 2, 388–403
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Mai Xuan Bach, Truong Ngoc Minh, Dao Thi Ngoc Anh, Ho Ngoc Anh, Le Viet Anh, Nguyen Quang Trung, Bui Quang Minh and Tran Dang Xuan
Compounds 2024, 4(3), 441; https://doi.org/10.3390/compounds4030026 - 27 Jun 2024
Abstract
The author would like to make the following corrections to the original publication [...]
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Open AccessReview
New Compounds from Terrestrial Plants: A Perspective View
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Eduarda dos Santos Oliveira, Cintia Naomi Kohatsu, Mariana Tedesco Hufnagel, Victoria Furlanetto Gennaro and Daniel Pecoraro Demarque
Compounds 2024, 4(2), 415-440; https://doi.org/10.3390/compounds4020025 - 18 Jun 2024
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In an era where the search for innovative drug leads faces challenges, our study pivots towards exploring the untapped potential of plant-derived compounds, focusing on the period of 2021 to 2022. We assess the classes of compounds these new structures belong to; the
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In an era where the search for innovative drug leads faces challenges, our study pivots towards exploring the untapped potential of plant-derived compounds, focusing on the period of 2021 to 2022. We assess the classes of compounds these new structures belong to; the plants and families these compounds belong to; and the degree of novelty of the compound compared with already-known structures. The review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematics Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement checklist for the guided reporting of systematic reviews. A total of 464 articles were selected for the new compounds of natural origin survey. We included 117 complete articles in this review and reported approximately 109 new structures elucidated during the years 2021 and 2022. Many of the compounds showed small structural variations in relation to already-known molecules. For some, however, this small modification was decisive for the biological activity reported, demonstrating the importance of descriptive phytochemical studies.
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Open AccessArticle
Different Chain Length Tannic Acid Preparations as Coating Agents for Zein Nanoparticles
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Sadeepa Y. Mallikarachchi, Nancy C. Rotich, Emma Gordon and Ann E. Hagerman
Compounds 2024, 4(2), 401-414; https://doi.org/10.3390/compounds4020024 - 13 Jun 2024
Abstract
Proteins that are amphiphilic and have low water solubility can self-assemble into nanoparticles useful in food science, pharmaceutical science, or biotechnology. However, protein nanoparticles exhibit drawbacks such as low stability unless the particles are coated. In the current study, tannic acid is the
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Proteins that are amphiphilic and have low water solubility can self-assemble into nanoparticles useful in food science, pharmaceutical science, or biotechnology. However, protein nanoparticles exhibit drawbacks such as low stability unless the particles are coated. In the current study, tannic acid is the coating agent for nanoparticles synthesized from the protein zein. Tannic acid is a hydrolyzable tannin comprising a polyol esterified with galloyl residues. The nominal molecular formula of tannic acid (C76H52O46) suggests the material is decagalloyl glucose, obscuring its complex composition as a mixture of galloyl esters of glucose. We prepared hollow zein nanoparticles and coated them with tannic acid preparations that had short or long galloyl ester chains. The % α-helix of zein in nanoparticles is lower than in native zein but there is no effect of coating the particles with tannic acid. Interactions between the tannic acid and the zein slightly perturb the IR spectrum of the protein but there is no effect of galloyl chain length. We confirmed that tannic acid-coated particles have a more negative zeta potential, suggesting greater stability compared to uncoated particles. Coating with longer chain length tannic acid reduces particle diameter and tends to decrease polydispersity but does not change particle digestibility. Coating with shorter galloyl chain length tannic acid tends not to change particle diameter, reduces polydispersity of the particles, and stabilizes particles to enzymatic digestion. Tannic acid is a naturally occurring tunable coating for nanoparticles that can be used to adjust properties such as particle size, polydispersity, and digestibility for specific purposes.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue (Bio)molecules from Natural Extracts: An Infinite World of Opportunities)
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Anti-Inflammatory and Antithrombotic Potential of Metal-Based Complexes and Porphyrins
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Alexandros Tsoupras, Sofia Pafli, Charilaos Stylianoudakis, Kalliopi Ladomenou, Constantinos A. Demopoulos and Athanassios Philippopoulos
Compounds 2024, 4(2), 376-400; https://doi.org/10.3390/compounds4020023 - 10 Jun 2024
Cited by 2
Abstract
Inflammation and thrombosis are implicated in several chronic disorders. Recent studies have outlined the way in which several compounds can offer protection against inflammation. Within this comprehensive review the so-far reported anti-inflammatory health-promoting effects of several metal-based complexes, both in vitro and in
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Inflammation and thrombosis are implicated in several chronic disorders. Recent studies have outlined the way in which several compounds can offer protection against inflammation. Within this comprehensive review the so-far reported anti-inflammatory health-promoting effects of several metal-based complexes, both in vitro and in vivo, are thoroughly presented. These metal-based compounds usually interfere with various biochemical processes associated with the inflammatory response and thrombus formation and become capable of inhibiting these biochemical pathways with proposed health benefits. Emphasis is given to the multifaceted actions of metal-based complexes that have exhibited potent anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic activities against the inflammatory mediator, platelet-activating factor (PAF), and its thrombo-inflammatory signaling, as well as on their anti-platelet and antitumor health promoting properties. Furthermore, the enhancement of the anti-inflammatory potency of well-established bioactive compounds by their incorporation as ligands in several metal-based complexes is discussed. Metal-based complexes bearing natural anti-inflammatory bioactives are also outlined. Characteristic examples of both free and metal-based porphyrins are explored. These compounds are recognized to have anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic assets, in addition to other pleiotropic advantages including antibacterial or anticancer actions. Additionally, applications of metal complexes in various models of inflammatory and thrombotic complications are demonstrated. The combined results of this study show that further research is required towards the preparation of several metal-based complexes with improved pharmacological profiles. Finally, restrictions on the application of these metal-based compounds are also covered, along with their prospects for the future and the need for additional study in order to improve their efficacy and safety.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Compounds (2024))
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Open AccessArticle
Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Some Epipactis, Neottia, and Limodorum Orchids Growing in Basilicata (Southern Italy)
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Maurizio D’Auria, Richard Lorenz, Rocco Racioppi and Vito Antonio Romano
Compounds 2024, 4(2), 366-375; https://doi.org/10.3390/compounds4020022 - 10 Jun 2024
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SPME analysis of the scent of Epipactis microphylla showed the presence of limonene as the main component of the scent. Other components were 2,4,4,6,6,8,8-heptamethyl-1-nonene, pentadecane, and heptadecane. The scent of Epipactis palustris was characterized by pentadecane, 2,4,4,6,6,8,8-heptamethyl-1-nonene, and heptadecane. The scent of Neottia
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SPME analysis of the scent of Epipactis microphylla showed the presence of limonene as the main component of the scent. Other components were 2,4,4,6,6,8,8-heptamethyl-1-nonene, pentadecane, and heptadecane. The scent of Epipactis palustris was characterized by pentadecane, 2,4,4,6,6,8,8-heptamethyl-1-nonene, and heptadecane. The scent of Neottia nidus avis showed the presence of kaur-16-ene as the main component of the scent. Other components were heinecosane, tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, and 5,9,13-trimethyl-4,8,12-tetradecanal. The scent of Neottia ovata is due to pentadecane, hexadecane, and heptadecane. The scent of Limodorum abortivum showed the presence of 2,4,4,6,6,8,8-heptamethyl-1-nonene, pentadecane, hexadecane, heptadecane, and 2-(dodecyloxy)-ethanol.
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Open AccessEditorial
Feature Papers in Compounds (2022–2023)
by
Juan C. Mejuto
Compounds 2024, 4(2), 362-365; https://doi.org/10.3390/compounds4020021 - 6 Jun 2024
Abstract
Compounds was born in 2021 as an interdisciplinary journal with a clear vocation towards the scientific community and a tool to present its scientific achievements in an open access format that would allow a rapid and efficient dissemination of its scientific results in
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Compounds was born in 2021 as an interdisciplinary journal with a clear vocation towards the scientific community and a tool to present its scientific achievements in an open access format that would allow a rapid and efficient dissemination of its scientific results in the field of chemistry [...]
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Compounds (2022–2023))
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Open AccessCorrection
Correction: Gonçalves et al. Antimicrobial Activity of Bovine Bone Scaffolds Impregnated with Silver Nanoparticles on New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Gram-Negative Bacilli Biofilms. Compounds 2023, 3, 584–595
by
Geiziane Aparecida Gonçalves, Victoria Stadler Tasca Ribeiro, Leticia Ramos Dantas, Ana Paula de Andrade, Paula Hansen Suss, Maria Alice Witt and Felipe Francisco Tuon
Compounds 2024, 4(2), 361; https://doi.org/10.3390/compounds4020020 - 28 May 2024
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The author would like to make the following corrections to the original publication [...]
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Open AccessCommunication
Alkaline Fading of Malachite Green in β-Cyclodextrins
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Anton Soria-Lopez, Raquel Rodriguez-Fernández and Juan C. Mejuto
Compounds 2024, 4(2), 351-360; https://doi.org/10.3390/compounds4020019 - 13 May 2024
Abstract
The basic hydrolysis of Malachite Green (MG) in the presence of β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) has been studied using UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques and at 20 °C. β-CD was found to catalyze the basic hydrolysis. Indeed, this basic hydrolysis is catalyzed by the interaction cyclodextrin hydroxyl
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The basic hydrolysis of Malachite Green (MG) in the presence of β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD) has been studied using UV-Vis spectroscopic techniques and at 20 °C. β-CD was found to catalyze the basic hydrolysis. Indeed, this basic hydrolysis is catalyzed by the interaction cyclodextrin hydroxyl group, in its deprotonated form with the carbocation in the host-guest complex. The proposed model has been successfully applied to a reaction catalyzed by CD. It considers two simultaneous pathways in the aqueous medium involving free hydroxyl ions and the substrate-CD complex. The model allows us to obtain the kinetic parameters including the bimolecular rate constant between MG and HO− in bulk water (kw = 1.47 ± 0.01 mol−1s−1), the rate constant between MG and the deprotonated hydroxyl group of β-CD inside the host-guest complex (kCD = 0.25 ± 0.03 s−1) and the binding constant of MG inside the β-CD (KS = 2500 ± 50). This behavior is like the hydrolysis of Cristal Violet (CV) in the same reaction media.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cyclodextrins: Structure, Properties and Applications)
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