The Mechanism of Joint Reduction of MoO3 and CuO by Combined Mg/C Reducer at High Heating Rates
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. CuO-MoO3, CuO-C, MoO3-C, MoO3-Mg Binary Systems
3.1.1. CuO-MoO3 System
3.1.2. CuO-C System
3.1.3. MoO3-C System
3.1.4. MoO3-Mg System
3.2. MoO3-Mg-C, MoO3-CuO-Mg and MoO3-CuO-C Ternary Systems
3.2.1. MoO3-Mg-C System
3.2.2. CuO-MoO3-Mg System
3.2.3. CuO-MoO3-C System
3.3. CuO-MoO3-Mg-C Quaternary System
3.4. The Effective Activation Energy of Magnesiothermic Reactions
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Vh, K min−1 | The System under Study | T, K | XRD | T, K | XRD | T, K | XRD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
20 | CuO + MoO3 + + 1.1Mg + 2C | 753–793 | Cu2O, MoO3, Mg | 793–873 | MoO2, Cu, Mg | 1013–1043 Tmax = 760 | Mo, Cu, MgO, MgO·MoO2 |
100 | CuO + MoO3 + + 1.2Mg + 2.15C | 773–823 | Cu2O, MoO3, Mg | 923–1003 | MoO2, Cu, Mg | 1143–1163 Tmax = 940 | Mo, Cu, MoO2 (main product), Mo2C, MgO |
300 | CuO + MoO3 + + 1.2Mg + 2.15C | 833–873 | Cu2O, MoO3, Mg | 933–1013 | MoO2, Cu, Mg | 1213–1263 Tmax = 1523 | Mo, Cu, MgO, MoO2(trace), Mo2C |
2600 | CuO + MoO3 + + 1.2Mg + 2.15C | 843–883 | Cu2O, MoO3, Mg | 1033–1233 | MoO2, Cu, Mg | 1393–1583 Tmax = 1563 | Mo, Cu, MgO, Mo2C |
5200 | CuO + MoO3 + + 1.2Mg + 2.15C | 853–893 | Cu2O, MoO3, Mg | 1053–1263 | MoO2, Cu, Mg | 1403–1633 Tmax = 1583 | Mo, Cu, MgO, Mo2C(trace) |
System [Ref] | Vh/ K min−1 | Reaction, T/K | Ea/ kJ mol−1 | Composition | ||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CuO-Mg [22] | 20 | 843–953 | - | Cu, MgO | ||||||||||||||||||||||
CuO-Mg [21] | 300 | 953–1073 | 424 | Cu, MgO | ||||||||||||||||||||||
CuO-C [22] | 20 | CuO + C 713–803 | Cu2O + C 803–923 | - | Cu2O | Cu | ||||||||||||||||||||
CuO-C [this work] | 300 | CuO + C 823–973 | Cu2O + C 973–1153 | - | Cu2O | Cu | ||||||||||||||||||||
MoO3-Mg [33] | 20 | 923–973 | 123 | Mo, MgO | ||||||||||||||||||||||
MoO3-Mg [this work] | 300 | 943–1058 | 110 | Mo, MoO2, MgO | ||||||||||||||||||||||
MoO3-C [22,33] | 20 | MoO3 + C 773–873 | MoO2 + C 1103–1173 | - | MoO2 | Mo | ||||||||||||||||||||
MoO3-C [this work] | 300 | MoO3 + C 833–953 | MoO2 + C 1123–1373 | - | MoO2 | Mo and/or Mo2C | ||||||||||||||||||||
CuO-Mg-C [22] | 20 | CuO + C 703–813 | Cu2O + Mg 923–1063 | - | Cu2O, Mg | Cu, MgO | ||||||||||||||||||||
CuO-Mg-C [21] | 300 | CuO + C 923–1023 | Cu2O + Mg 1023–1053 | 320 | Cu2O, Mg | Cu, MgO | ||||||||||||||||||||
MoO3-Mg-C [33] | 20 | MoO3 + C 833–903 | MoO2 + Mg 973–1073 | 197 | MoO2, Mg | Mo, MgO | ||||||||||||||||||||
MoO3-Mg-C [this work] | 300 | MoO3 + C 953–1073 | MoO2 + Mg 1123–1163 | 102 | MoO2, Mg | Mo, MgO | ||||||||||||||||||||
CuO-MoO3-Mg [22] | 20 | CuO + MoO3 823–903 | CuMoO4 + Mg 903–1073 | - | CuMoO4, Mg, MgMoO4 | Cu6Mo5O18, Mo, MoO2·MgO, MgO | ||||||||||||||||||||
CuO-MoO3-Mg [this work] | 300 | CuO + MoO3 940–1073 | Cu3Mo2O9 + Mg 1143–1273 | Cu6Mo5O18 + Cu2O + Mg 1273–1373 | - | Cu3Mo2O9, Mg | Cu, Cu2O, Cu6Mo5O18 MgMoO4, Mg | Cu, Mo, MoO2·MgO, MgO | ||||||||||||||||||
CuO-MoO3-C [22] | 20 | CuO + C 703–803 | Cu2O + MoO3 + C 803–923 | - | Cu2O, MoO3 | Cu, MoO2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
CuO-MoO3-C [this work] | 300 | CuO + MoO3 + C 823–913 | Cu6Mo5O18 + MoO2 + C 923–1023 | MoO2 + C 1023–1393 | MoO2 + Mo2C 1393–1573 | - | Cu6Mo5O18 Cu, MoO2 | Cu, MoO2 | Mo2C, MoO2, Cu | Mo, Cu | ||||||||||||||||
CuO-MoO3-Mg-C [22] | 20 | CuO + C 753–793 | Cu2O + MoO3 + C 793–873 | MoO2 + Mg 993–800 | - | Cu2O, MoO3, Mg | Cu, MoO2, Mg | Mo, Cu, MgO, MgO·MoO2 | ||||||||||||||||||
CuO-MoO3-Mg-C [this work] | 300 | CuO + C 833- 943 | Cu2O + MoO3 + C 943–1023 | MoO2 + Mg 1213–1263 | 155 | Cu2O, MoO3, Mg | Cu, MoO2, Mg | Mo, Cu, MgO, Mo2C, MoO2 (trace) |
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Kirakosyan, H.; Nazaretyan, K.; Aydinyan, S.; Kharatyan, S. The Mechanism of Joint Reduction of MoO3 and CuO by Combined Mg/C Reducer at High Heating Rates. J. Compos. Sci. 2021, 5, 318. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs5120318
Kirakosyan H, Nazaretyan K, Aydinyan S, Kharatyan S. The Mechanism of Joint Reduction of MoO3 and CuO by Combined Mg/C Reducer at High Heating Rates. Journal of Composites Science. 2021; 5(12):318. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs5120318
Chicago/Turabian StyleKirakosyan, Hasmik, Khachik Nazaretyan, Sofiya Aydinyan, and Suren Kharatyan. 2021. "The Mechanism of Joint Reduction of MoO3 and CuO by Combined Mg/C Reducer at High Heating Rates" Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 12: 318. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs5120318