The Aqueous Extract from Ceratonia siliqua Leaves Protects against 6-Hydroxydopamine in Zebrafish: Understanding the Underlying Mechanism
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material
2.2. Extraction
2.3. Total Phenolic Content
2.4. Flavonoids Content
2.5. Condensed Tannins Content
2.6. UHPLC Semiquantitative Analysis
2.7. Antioxidant Activity Assays
2.8. In Vitro Inhibition Assay of Acetylcholinesterase
2.9. Animals
2.10. Behavioral Analysis
2.10.1. Novel Tank Diving Test (NTT)
2.10.2. Y-Maze Test
2.11. Biochemical Parameters Assay
2.12. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Total Phenolic Content
3.2. Flavonoids Content
3.3. Condensed Tannins Content
3.4. UHPLC Analysis
3.5. Determination of Antioxidant Activity
3.6. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitory Assay
3.7. Effects on Anxiety-Like Behavior in NTT Test and on Spatial Memory in Y-Maze Test
3.8. Effects on the Brain AChE Activity
3.9. Effects on the Brain SOD, CAT, and GPX Specific Activities, and the MDA Level
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Compound (w/w in the Extract) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
CsAE | 4.54 | 17.79 | 3.59 | 4.84 | 7.41 | 23.78 | 7.50 |
Antioxidant Activity Assays | IC50 (mg/mL) | Coefficient and Regression Equation | Maximal Inhibition Percentages (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging power | CsAE | Ascorbic acid | CsAE | Ascorbic acid | CsAE | Ascorbic acid (1 mg/mL) |
0.116 ± 0.002 | 0.106 ± 0.0005 | y = −10.929x + 97.105 R2 = 0.9948 | y = 15.48x−12.535 R2 = 0.9915 | 84.65 ± 0.01 | 92.14 ± 0.04 | |
Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) | CsAE (EC50) | BHT (EC50) | CsAE | BHT | CsAE | BHT |
0.123 ± 0.003 | 0.118 ± 0.00 | y = −0.101x + 0.915 R2 = 0.9999 | y = 0.311x − 0.017 R2 = 0.9958 | - | - | |
Iron chelating activity | CsAE | EDTA | CsAE | EDTA | CsAE | EDTA (1 mg/mL) |
0.971 ± 0.006 | 0.117 ± 0.0005 | y = −12.356x + 62.71 R2 = 0.9939 | y = 15.927x − 12.002 R2 = 0.9914 | 51.5 ± 0.02 | 94.96 ± 0.003 |
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Abidar, S.; Boiangiu, R.S.; Dumitru, G.; Todirascu-Ciornea, E.; Amakran, A.; Cioanca, O.; Hritcu, L.; Nhiri, M. The Aqueous Extract from Ceratonia siliqua Leaves Protects against 6-Hydroxydopamine in Zebrafish: Understanding the Underlying Mechanism. Antioxidants 2020, 9, 304. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9040304
Abidar S, Boiangiu RS, Dumitru G, Todirascu-Ciornea E, Amakran A, Cioanca O, Hritcu L, Nhiri M. The Aqueous Extract from Ceratonia siliqua Leaves Protects against 6-Hydroxydopamine in Zebrafish: Understanding the Underlying Mechanism. Antioxidants. 2020; 9(4):304. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9040304
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbidar, Sara, Razvan Stefan Boiangiu, Gabriela Dumitru, Elena Todirascu-Ciornea, Amina Amakran, Oana Cioanca, Lucian Hritcu, and Mohamed Nhiri. 2020. "The Aqueous Extract from Ceratonia siliqua Leaves Protects against 6-Hydroxydopamine in Zebrafish: Understanding the Underlying Mechanism" Antioxidants 9, no. 4: 304. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9040304