Morphological and Molecular Changes in the Cortex and Cerebellum of Immunocompetent Mice Infected with Zika Virus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethical Considerations
2.2. Generation of the Viral Stock
2.3. Obtaining Mice Infected with ZIKV for Histological Studies and Differential Expression Assays
2.4. Detection of ZIKV by qRT-PCR and Quantification of the Viral Load
2.5. Histological Analysis and Immunohistochemical Detection of ZIKV
2.6. Differential Expression Assays
2.7. Network Analysis
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Observation of Signs of Illness
3.2. Histological Findings
3.2.1. Identification of Calcifications
3.2.2. H&E Staining
3.3. Distribution of the ZIKV Antigen, Genome, and Viral Load
3.4. Expression of Neurodevelopmental Markers in the Cortex and Cerebellum
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Antibody | Supplier | Catalog Number | Host | Clonality | Dilution |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Anti-NeuN | Cell Signaling Technology | 24307S | Rabbit | Monoclonal | 1:600 |
Anti-Calbindin | Sigma-Aldrich | C9848 | Mouse | Monoclonal | 1:400 |
Anti-Parvalbumin | Sigma-Aldrich | P3088 | Mouse | Monoclonal | 1:2000 |
Anti-S100 | Abcam | ab868 | Rabbit | Polyclonal | 1:400 |
Anti-Nestin | Abcam | ab6142 | Mouse | Monoclonal | 1:100 |
Anti-DCX | Abcam | ab18723 | Rabbit | Polyclonal | 1:10,000 |
Anti-MAP-2 | Santa Cruz | Sc 20172 | Rabbit | Polyclonal | 1:2500 |
Anti-GFAP | Dako | Z0334 | Rabbit | Polyclonal | 1:1000 |
Anti-ZIKV | CDC’s Division of Vector-Borne Diseases | NA | Mouse | Polyclonal | 1:1000 |
Cell Morphology-INS | NA | Rabbit | Polyclonal |
Gene Symbol or Genome Region | Primer Sequence (5′-3′) | TM (°C) | Size Amplicon (bp) | GenBank Accession No. | Author |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
* GAPDH | F: AGGTCGGTGTGAACGGATTTG | 62.6 | 95 | (NM_017008) | |
R: GGGGTCGTTGATGGCAACA | 62.6 | ||||
** CDH20 | F: GGGACCACAACAGTCAACATC | 55 | 191 | (AF007116) | [72] |
R: GCACCATCTCCATCCACAAT | 55 | ||||
** DCX | F: CATTTTGACGAACGAGACAAAGC | 60.8 | 63 | (NM_010025) | |
R: TGGAAGTCCATTCATCCGTGA | 60.9 | ||||
** RELN | F: TCTCTTCGTGGGTTGTTTCC | 58.4 | 136 | (NM_011261) | |
R: GCATGGTTCAGCCTAGAGTG | 60.5 | ||||
** GFAP | F: CGGAGACGCATCACCTCTG | 62.1 | 120 | (NM_001131020) | |
R: TGGAGGAGTCATTCGAGACAA | 60.2 | ||||
** NES | F: CCCTGAAGTCGAGGAGCTG | 61.4 | 166 | (NM_016701) | [73] |
R: CTGCTGCACCTCTAAGCGA | 61.7 | ||||
** NeuN | F: GGCAAATGTTCGGGCAATTCG | 63 | 160 | (NM_001039167) | [74] |
R: TCAATTTTCCGTCCCTCTACGAT | 61.1 | ||||
** CALB1 | F: GGCTTCATTTCGACGCTGAC | 61.7 | 184 | (NM_009788) | |
R: ACGTGAGCCAACTCTACAATTC | 60.3 | ||||
** MAP2 | F: CCACTGCCGGACCTGAAGAATG | 60.3 | 164 | (NM001039934) | |
R: CCCCCAGCAGAATGTTTGATGTTA | 59 | ||||
** CEP152 | F: CCCTTTGCAGAACGCCACCAC | 61.2 | 197 | (NM001081091) | |
R: CCGCAACATTCCGCTTTTACCA | 61.9 | ||||
** CLCN2 | F: ATGTATGGCCGGTACACTCAG | 61.3 | 163 | (NM_009900) | |
R: AACAAATGCGACATCTGGCAC | 59.4 | ||||
** S100B | F: GGTGACAAGCACAAGCTGAA | 58.4 | 139 | (NM_009115) | |
R: ACTCCCCATCCCCATCTTCG | 62.5 |
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Rengifo, A.C.; Rivera, J.; Álvarez-Díaz, D.A.; Naizaque, J.; Santamaria, G.; Corchuelo, S.; Gómez, C.Y.; Torres-Fernández, O. Morphological and Molecular Changes in the Cortex and Cerebellum of Immunocompetent Mice Infected with Zika Virus. Viruses 2023, 15, 1632. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15081632
Rengifo AC, Rivera J, Álvarez-Díaz DA, Naizaque J, Santamaria G, Corchuelo S, Gómez CY, Torres-Fernández O. Morphological and Molecular Changes in the Cortex and Cerebellum of Immunocompetent Mice Infected with Zika Virus. Viruses. 2023; 15(8):1632. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15081632
Chicago/Turabian StyleRengifo, Aura Caterine, Jorge Rivera, Diego Alejandro Álvarez-Díaz, Julián Naizaque, Gerardo Santamaria, Sheryll Corchuelo, Claudia Yadira Gómez, and Orlando Torres-Fernández. 2023. "Morphological and Molecular Changes in the Cortex and Cerebellum of Immunocompetent Mice Infected with Zika Virus" Viruses 15, no. 8: 1632. https://doi.org/10.3390/v15081632