Reduced Replication of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Duck Endothelial Cells Compared to Chicken Endothelial Cells Is Associated with Stronger Antiviral Responses
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Cell Culture
2.2. Virus Origin and Propagation
2.3. Tube Formation Assay
2.4. Acetylated Low-Density Lipoproteins Uptake
2.5. Lectin Staining
2.6. Detection of the Nucleoprotein by Flow Cytometry
2.7. Viral Replication Kinetics
2.8. RT-qPCR
2.9. Detection of Von Willebrand Factor mRNA by RT-PCR
2.10. In Ovo Inoculation and Immunohistochemical Analysis
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Primary Avian Aortic Endothelial Cells Have Endothelial Cell Characteristics
3.2. Duck AEC Mainly Express α2,3-Linked Sialic Acid Moieties
3.3. Productive Infection of HPAIV H5N1 in dAEC
3.4. Differential Host Responses in dAEC upon HPAIV Inoculation Compared to chAEC and DEF
3.5. Endothelial Cells Are a Target of HPAIV Infection in Duck Embryonated Eggs
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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(Nucleic Acid Dye-Based) RT-(q)PCR a | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Target | Host | Accession Number | Oligo | Sequence (5′ to 3′) | Reference |
GAPDH | Chicken | AF047874 | Forward | GGTGCTAAGCGTGTTATCATCTCA | [60] |
Reverse | CATGGTTGACACCCATCACAA | ||||
Duck | XM_027449739.1 | Forward | GCCTCTTGCACCACCAACT | This study | |
Reverse | GGCATGGACAGTGGTCATAA | ||||
IL6 | Chicken | HM179640.1 | Forward | GCGAGAACAGCATGGAGATG | [61] |
Reverse | GTAGGTCTGAAAGGCGAACAG | ||||
Duck | AB191038 | Forward | GCAACGACGATAAGGCAGATG | [62] | |
Reverse | TCTTATCCGATTTCAGCTTTGTGA | ||||
IL8 | Chicken | NM_205498.1 | Forward | CTGCGGTGCCAGTGCATTAG | [54] |
Reverse | AGCACACCTCTCTTCCATCC | ||||
Duck | NM_205498 | Forward | AGGACAACAGAGAGGTGTGCTTG | [63] | |
Reverse | GCCTTTACGATCCGCTGTACC | ||||
RSAD2 | Chicken | NM_001318443.1 | Forward | GCCGAGATTATGCTGTTGCTT | This study |
Reverse | TGATTAGGCACTGGAACACCT | ||||
Duck | KP198582.1 | Forward | GCCGAGAGTATGCTGTTGCTT | [64] | |
Reverse | AATGAGCAGGCACTGGAACAC | ||||
VWF | Chicken | BK007988.1 | Forward | GTGCTAAAACCTGCCAGAGC | This study |
Reverse | CACAACGTTCACCATCAAGG | ||||
Duck | XM_005012640.3 | Forward | ACCACATGTTAGTGAGGAAC | [56] | |
Reverse | CTTGGTAGGGTATGCTTCTC | ||||
Primer/probe RT-qPCR | |||||
GAPDH | Chicken/Duck | Ch: NM_204305.1 Du: XM_027449739.1 | Forward | AGTCGGAGTCAACGGATTTG | This study |
Reverse | GGCYACCACTTGGACTTTGC | ||||
Probe | 6-FAM CTGGTGACCAGGCGSCCAATAC BHQ1 | ||||
IFNB | Chicken | NM_001024836.1 | N.A. b | Gg03344129_s1 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) | N.A. |
Duck | KM035791.2 | Forward | CTTTTGGACACCGACAAC | [65] | |
Reverse | AGGATGTTGAAGAGGTGTTG | ||||
Probe | 6-FAM CAAGCCGCACACACCGCC BHQ1 | ||||
Matrix gene segment | Influenza A virus | N.A. | Forward | CTTCTRACCGAGGTCGAAACGTA | This study |
Reverse | TCTTGTCTTTAGCCAYTCCATGAG | ||||
Probe | 6-FAM TCAGGCCCCCTCAAAGCCGARA BHQ1 |
Species | Age at Inoculation (Days) | Age at Harvest (Days) | CAM a | Lungs | Heart | Liver | Intestine | Kidney |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chicken | 14 | 15 | +/+ b | +/+ | +/+ | +/+ | +/+ | +/+ |
Chicken | 17 | 19 | +/+ | +/+ | +/+ | +/† c | +/+ | N.D. d |
Duck | 18 | 19 | +/+ | +/+ | +/+ | +/+ | +/+ | +/+ |
Duck | 21 | 23 | +/+ | +/+ | +/+ | +/† | +/+ | N.D. |
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de Bruin, A.C.M.; Spronken, M.I.; Bestebroer, T.M.; Fouchier, R.A.M.; Richard, M. Reduced Replication of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Duck Endothelial Cells Compared to Chicken Endothelial Cells Is Associated with Stronger Antiviral Responses. Viruses 2022, 14, 165. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14010165
de Bruin ACM, Spronken MI, Bestebroer TM, Fouchier RAM, Richard M. Reduced Replication of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Duck Endothelial Cells Compared to Chicken Endothelial Cells Is Associated with Stronger Antiviral Responses. Viruses. 2022; 14(1):165. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14010165
Chicago/Turabian Stylede Bruin, Anja C. M., Monique I. Spronken, Theo M. Bestebroer, Ron A. M. Fouchier, and Mathilde Richard. 2022. "Reduced Replication of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Duck Endothelial Cells Compared to Chicken Endothelial Cells Is Associated with Stronger Antiviral Responses" Viruses 14, no. 1: 165. https://doi.org/10.3390/v14010165