Patterns of Distribution of Bivalve Populations in a Mediterranean Temporary River
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Environmental Conditions
2.2. Qualitative Sampling
2.3. Quantitative Sampling
2.4. Data Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Sites Description
3.2. Bivalve Abundance and Distribution
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
Year | Species | Sediment Type | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Boulders | Cobblers | Coarse Gravel | Fine Gravel | Sand | Silt/Clay | ||
2015 | U. delphinus | 8 | 15 | 42 | 25 | 1 | 8 |
C. fluminea | 4 | 16 | 41 | 8 | 0 | 31 | |
2016 | U. delphinus | 29 | 16 | 24 | 10 | 4 | 18 |
C. fluminea | 13 | 22 | 30 | 22 | 8 | 5 | |
2017 | U. delphinus | 23 | 11 | 11 | 43 | 0 | 12 |
C. fluminea | 19 | 13 | 10 | 44 | 0 | 13 | |
% of occurrence | |||||||
2015 | 29 | 14 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 10 | |
2016 | 13 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 1 | 10 | |
2017 | 14 | 10 | 8 | 12 | 0 | 6 |
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Environmental Parameters- | Pools | |||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A | B | C | D | E | F | |||||||||||||
Maximum depth range (cm) | 72–80 | 75–90 | 90–160 | 200 | 130–160 | 20–20 | ||||||||||||
Maximum width range (m) | 17–30 | 7–10 | 21–26 | 23–24 | 16–23 | 12–16 | ||||||||||||
Maximum length range (m) | 84–102 | 28–32 | 226–268 | 100–113 | 159–236 | 37–88 | ||||||||||||
Total area (m2) | 3015 | 2411 | 16910 | 4065 | 489393 | 6400 | ||||||||||||
Exotic vegetation | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||||
Riparian gallery vegetation cover | Continuous gallery composed of initial succession vegetation, reeds, presence of few trees—Fraxinus angustifolia or shrubs—Nerium oleander. | Gallery almost continuous composed mainly of shrubs—Flueggea tinctoria and N. oleander. | Gallery almost continuous in the left bank with F. angustifolia and Salix spp. and the exotic (Giant cane, Arundo donax). Discontinuous gallery of F. angustifolia and N. oleander in the right bank. | Almost continuous gallery of F. angustifolia and N. oleander in right bank, but very thin transversely. Left bank with sparse vegetation with few individuals of F. angustifolia and N. oleander. Presence of Eucalyptus globulus. | Sparse gallery in both banks, N. oleander in the right rocky bank, F. angustifolia Salix spp. and E. globulus in the left bank. | Continuous gallery composed by initial succession vegetation, reeds, presence of few trees of F. angustifolia Salix spp. and E. globulus. | ||||||||||||
Cattle presence | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||||||||||||
Sampling year | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 |
Submerged area (m2) | 991 | 1172 | 1232 | 136 | 240 | 177 | 3903 | 5188 | 3659 | 1593 | 2158 | 1882 | 2859 | 3641 | 2135 | 488 | 1115 | 368 |
Site | Species | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Individuals per m2 | C.P.U.E. | Individuals per m2 | C.P.U.E. | Individuals per m2 | C.P.U.E. | ||
A | U. delphinus | 1.67 | 3.0 | 2.17 | 5.2 | 4.17 | 50.5 |
C. fluminea | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
B | U. delphinus | 3.20 | 2.5 | 0.80 | 7.5 | 0.73 | 0 |
C. fluminea | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
C | U. delphinus | 0.86 | 18.7 | 1.94 | 4.0 | 1.38 | 5.7 |
C. fluminea | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
D | U. delphinus | 2.67 | 6.3 | 2.32 | 15.0 | 6.00 | 0.9 |
C. fluminea | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |
E | U. delphinus | 2.27 | 42.3 | 2.40 | 36.0 | 1.57 | 0 |
C. fluminea | 9.93 | 51.3 | 9.73 | 11.0 | 12.71 | 0 | |
F | U. delphinus | 0 | 20.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4.3 |
C. fluminea | 12.00 | 2.0 | 6.29 | 20.0 | 11.38 | 10.7 |
Statistical Parameters | Dimension 1 | Dimension 2 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Eigenvalues | 0.2 | 0.21 | ||
% of variance | 2.01 | 1.90 | ||
Cumulative % of variance | 2.01 | 3.91 | ||
Variable | r2 | p value | r2 | p value |
Distance to near margin (m) | 0.54 | 3.13 × 10−47 | 0.54 | 1.83 × 10−46 |
C. fluminea | 0.17 | 3.18 × 10−22 | 0.09 | 2.31 × 10−12 |
Silt/Clay | - | - | 0.42 | 7.94 × 10−63 |
Riparian gallery cover | - | - | 0.16 | 5.86 × 10−22 |
Water column depth (m) | 0.65 | 7.87 × 10−79 | 0.56 | 3.32 × 10−56 |
Coarse Gravel | 0.09 | 2.94 × 10−12 | 0.17 | 2.12 × 10−23 |
Fine Gravel | 0.18 | 1.37 × 10−24 | 0.05 | 1.00 × 10−06 |
Boulders | 0.55 | 8.17 × 10−93 | 0.02 | 6.65 × 10−04 |
Sand | - | - | 0.08 | 3.73 × 10−11 |
Cobblers | 0.15 | 3.92 × 10−20 | 0.15 | 1.76 × 10−20 |
U. delphinus | 0.07 | 1.29 × 10−09 | 0.05 | 1.00 × 10−06 |
Species | Size Class | Year | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
2015 | 2016 | 2017 | ||
U. delphinus | >30 mm | a | b | b |
30–40 mm | a | a | b | |
40–50 mm | a | b | c | |
50–60 mm | a | a | b | |
60–70 mm | a | a | b | |
<70 mm | a | b | b | |
C. fluminea | >10 mm | a | b | b |
10–20 mm | a | a | b | |
20–30 mm | a | b | a | |
30–40 mm | a | a | b | |
40–50 mm | a | a | b | |
<50 mm | a | a | b |
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Gama, M.; Banha, F.; Moreira, C.; Gama, H.; Graça, M.; Anastácio, P. Patterns of Distribution of Bivalve Populations in a Mediterranean Temporary River. Diversity 2020, 12, 158. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12040158
Gama M, Banha F, Moreira C, Gama H, Graça M, Anastácio P. Patterns of Distribution of Bivalve Populations in a Mediterranean Temporary River. Diversity. 2020; 12(4):158. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12040158
Chicago/Turabian StyleGama, Mafalda, Filipe Banha, Cristina Moreira, Henrique Gama, Manuel Graça, and Pedro Anastácio. 2020. "Patterns of Distribution of Bivalve Populations in a Mediterranean Temporary River" Diversity 12, no. 4: 158. https://doi.org/10.3390/d12040158