Bioavailability and In Vivo Antioxidant Activity of a Standardized Polyphenol Mixture Extracted from Brown Propolis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Analysis of Propolis Polyphenolic Content
2.1.1. Acute Treatment
2.1.2. Prolonged Treatment
2.2. In Vivo Evaluation of Antioxidant Enzymes
3. Discussion
3.1. Bioavailability
3.2. In Vivo Antioxidant Effect
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Determination of the Main Polyphenols in Brown Propolis M.E.D. Extract
4.3. Animal Model and Diet
4.4. Analysis of Propolis Bioavailability
4.4.1. Plasma Sample Preparation
4.4.2. Extraction of Galangin and Its Metabolites from Liver
4.4.3. RP-HPLC-PDA-ESI-MSn
4.5. Antioxidant Enzyme Quantification
4.5.1. Liver Sample Preparation
4.5.2. Bicinchoninic Acid Assay
4.5.3. ELISA Test
4.6. Statistical Analysis
5. Limitations and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Polyphenols | % Area |
---|---|
Quercetin | 1.3 |
Apigenin | 1.8 |
Pinobanksin | 1.6 |
Chrysin | 7.5 |
Pinocembrin | 5.0 |
Galangin | 7.8 |
Mouse | Time 1 | Time 2 | Mouse | Time 1 | Time 2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 5′ | 20′ | |||
2 | 10′ | 25′ | 16 | 10′ | 25′ |
3 | 15′ | 30′ | 17 | 15′ | 30′ |
4 | 5′ | 20′ | 18 | 30″ | 45′ |
5 | 10′ | 25′ | 19 | 60′ | 120′ |
6 | 15′ | 30′ | 20 | 30″ | 45′ |
7 | 5′ | 20′ | 21 | 60′ | 120′ |
8 | 10′ | 25′ | 22 | 30″ | 45′ |
9 | 15′ | 30′ | 23 | 60′ | 120′ |
10 | 5′ | 20′ | 24 | 30″ | 45′ |
11 | 10′ | 25′ | 25 | 60′ | 120′ |
12 | 15′ | 30′ | 26 | 30″ | 45′ |
13 | 5′ | 20′ | 27 | 60′ | 120′ |
14 | 10′ | 25′ | 28 | 30″ | 45′ |
15 | 15′ | 25′ | 29 | 60′ | 45′ |
Time (min) | % Eluent A | % Eluent B |
---|---|---|
0 | 70 | 30 |
10 | 60 | 40 |
30 | 45 | 55 |
50 | 30 | 70 |
55 | 0 | 100 |
60 | 0 | 100 |
65 | 70 | 30 |
70 | 70 | 30 |
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Curti, V.; Zaccaria, V.; Tsetegho Sokeng, A.J.; Dacrema, M.; Masiello, I.; Mascaro, A.; D’Antona, G.; Daglia, M. Bioavailability and In Vivo Antioxidant Activity of a Standardized Polyphenol Mixture Extracted from Brown Propolis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2019, 20, 1250. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20051250
Curti V, Zaccaria V, Tsetegho Sokeng AJ, Dacrema M, Masiello I, Mascaro A, D’Antona G, Daglia M. Bioavailability and In Vivo Antioxidant Activity of a Standardized Polyphenol Mixture Extracted from Brown Propolis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20(5):1250. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20051250
Chicago/Turabian StyleCurti, Valeria, Vincenzo Zaccaria, Arold Jorel Tsetegho Sokeng, Marco Dacrema, Irene Masiello, Anna Mascaro, Giuseppe D’Antona, and Maria Daglia. 2019. "Bioavailability and In Vivo Antioxidant Activity of a Standardized Polyphenol Mixture Extracted from Brown Propolis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 5: 1250. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20051250