Antihypertensive Properties of Plant-Based Prebiotics
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Antihypertensive Mechanisms of Prebiotics
3. In-Vivo Evidence of Antihypertensive Effects
3.1. Hypercholesterolemia
3.2. Diabetes
4. Controversial Studies
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References and Notes
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Intervention | Experimental design | Subjects | Dose | Effects | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Soluble fiber extracted from oat bran | Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled | n=110; 30 to 65 years; not on hypertension treatment; SBP of 125–159 mmHg and DBP of < 95 mmHg | 8 g/d of fiber for12 weeks | A reduction in SBP of 2.0 mmHg and DBP of 1.0 mmHg | [30] |
Diet containing soy protein isolate and supplementation of fiber extracted from psyllium | Randomized, double-blind, parallel | n=36; nonsmoking men or women > 20 years old; on antihypertensive drug therapy for > 6 months; SBP of 130– 160 mmHg | 12 g fiber/d for 8 weeks | A reduction in SBP of 5.9 mmHg | [31] |
Dietary fiber in the form of pill supplementation | Randomized, double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled | n=63; 18–70 yrs old; hypertensive with a minimum DBP of > 90 mmHg | 7 g/d of dietary fiber for 12 weeks | A reduction in DBP of 5 mmHg | [32] |
Beta-glucan from whole oats cereals | Randomized, parallel, pilot trial | n=18; 27–59 years old; healthy, untreated hypertensives with SBP of 130–160 mmHg and DBP of 85–100 mmHg | 5.52 g/d of beta- glucan for 6 weeks | A reduction in SBP of 7.5 mmHg and DBP of 5.5 mmHg | [33] |
Bread substituted with lupin kernel flour | Randomized, parallel | n=74; 20–70 years old; overweight and obese men and women with BMI of 25–35; SBP<150 mmHg and DBP<95 mmHg | 4 x 40g of bread/d for 16 weeks; Bread contained 9.5% w/w of fiber | A reduction in SBP of 3.0 mmHg | [34] |
Intervention | Fiber | Dose; duration of the study | Experimental design | Animals/Subjects | Effects | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blood Glucose | Alginate fiber | 5.0-g sodium alginate supplement (algaeisolate, 75% soluble fiber); for two days | Randomized, placebo-controlled | Seven men with type 2 diabetes; mean age of 53 years | Significantly reduced the postprandial rise in blood glucose (P<0.05) and in serum insulin (P<0.02) by 31% and 42%, respectively | [35] |
Soy hulls | 26 g of soy hulls which incorporated into 7 slices of bread daily; for 4 weeks | Randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled | Ten subjects (5 male and 5 female) with type 2 diabetes; mean age of 65 ± 5.9 years | Significantly improved the glucose score (P<0.05) and the total area under the glucose curve (P<0.05) by 6.7% and 7.1%, respectively | [36] | |
Lipid Profile | Pectin | 75 g citrus pectin daily; for four weeks | Randomized, placebo-controlled | Six male adult hypercholesterolemic minipigs | 67.1% decrease in VLDL- cholesterol (P<0.05); 41.1% decrease in LDL- cholesterol (P<0.05); 49.4% decrease in total serum cholesterol (P<0.05) | [37] |
Fiber (Plantagoovata husk) | 10.5 g Plantago ovata husk daily; for eight weeks | Randomized, crossover, placebo-controlled, single-blind | Twenty-eight men with myocardial infarction or stable angina | 6.7% decrease in plasma triacylglycerol (P<0.02), 6.7% increase in HDL-cholesterol concentrations (P<0.006); 10.6% decrease in the total cholesterol/HDL ratio (P<0.002); 14.2% decrease in LDL/HDL ratio (P<0.003) | [38] |
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Yeo, S.-K.; Ooi, L.-G.; Lim, T.-J.; Liong, M.-T. Antihypertensive Properties of Plant-Based Prebiotics. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2009, 10, 3517-3530. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms10083517
Yeo S-K, Ooi L-G, Lim T-J, Liong M-T. Antihypertensive Properties of Plant-Based Prebiotics. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2009; 10(8):3517-3530. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms10083517
Chicago/Turabian StyleYeo, Siok-Koon, Lay-Gaik Ooi, Ting-Jin Lim, and Min-Tze Liong. 2009. "Antihypertensive Properties of Plant-Based Prebiotics" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 10, no. 8: 3517-3530. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms10083517