Oksitosin

OXT
Pengecam
Alias	OXT, OT, OT-NPI, OXT-NPI, oxytocin/neurophysin I prepropeptide
Pengecam-pengecam luaran	OMIM: 167050 MGI: 97453 HomoloGene: 55494 GeneCards: OXT
Kedudukan gen (Manusia)
Kr.	Kromosom 20
Tamat	3,072,517 bp
Corak ekspresi RNA
	Top expressed in
	oocyte; ; Testis; ; Hipotalamus; ; gonad; ; right lobe of liver; ; secondary oocyte; ; decidua; ; Pituitari anterior; ; subcutaneous adipose tissue; ; right adrenal gland;
	Top expressed in
	paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus; ; supraoptic nucleus; ; arcuate nucleus; ; tibiofemoral joint; ; nucleus of stria terminalis; ; right ventricle; ; median eminence; ; gastrula; ; leher; ; lateral hypothalamus;
	More reference expression data
	tiada data
Ontologi gen
Fungsi molekul	oxytocin receptor binding; hormone activity; neurohypophyseal hormone activity; neuropeptide hormone activity;
Komponen sel	terminal bouton; extracellular region; Sitoplasma; secretory granule; Ekstrasel;
Proses biologi	response to amphetamine; regulation of digestive system process; Pancutan mani; positive regulation of hindgut contraction; kehamilan betina; positive regulation of penile erection; response to steroid hormone; Transduksi isyarat; response to activity; regulation of heart rate; response to sucrose; positive regulation of ossification; positive regulation of synapse assembly; drinking behavior; hyperosmotic salinity response; male mating behavior; positive regulation of cytosolic calcium ion concentration; response to estradiol; regulation of sensory perception of pain; response to cAMP; response to cocaine; response to progesterone; positive regulation of blood pressure; heart development; negative regulation of urine volume; response to organic cyclic compound; negative regulation of gastric acid secretion; positive regulation of prostaglandin secretion; response to peptide hormone; maternal behavior; negative regulation of blood pressure; ingatan; positive regulation of norepinephrine secretion; tingkah laku organisma sosial; response to glucocorticoid; grooming behavior; response to prostaglandin E; eating behavior; response to ether; positive regulation of female receptivity; tidur; maternal aggressive behavior; positive regulation of synaptic transmission; response to electrical stimulus; positive regulation of uterine smooth muscle contraction; response to food; response to retinoic acid; positive regulation of renal sodium excretion; regulation of signaling receptor activity; G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathway;
	Sumber:Amigo / QuickGO
Ortolog
	5020
	18429
	ENSG00000101405
	ENSMUSG00000027301
	P01178
	P35454
	NM_000915
	NM_011025
	NP_000906
	NP_035155
	Wikidata
Papar/Sunting data manusia	Papar/Sunting data mencit

Oksitosin
Data klinikal
Sebutan	/ˌɒksɪˈtoʊsɪn/
Data fisiologi
Sumber tisu	Kelenjar pituitari
Tisu sasaran	Meluas
Reseptor	Reseptor oksitosin
Antagonis	Atosiban
Pelopor	prepropeptida oksitosin/neurofisin I
Metabolisme	Hati dan oksitosinase lain
Data farmakokinetik
Pengikatan protein	30%
Metabolisme	Hati dan oksitosinase lain
Penyingkiran separuh hayat	1–6 minit (IV); ~2 jam (intranasal)
Perkumuhan	Hempedu dan buah pinggang
Pengecam
	Nama IUPAC 1-({(4R,7S,10S,13S,16S,19R)-19-amino-7-(2-amino-2-oksoetil)-10-(3-amino-3-oksopropil)-16-(4-hidroksibenzil)-13-[(1S)-1-metilpropil]-6,9,12,15,18-pentaokso-1,2-ditia-5,8,11,14,17-pentaazasikloikosan-4-il}karbonil)-L-prolil-L-leusilglsiinamida;
Nombor CAS	50-56-6 ;
PubChem CID	439302;
IUPHAR/BPS	2174;
DrugBank	DB00107 ;
ChemSpider	388434 ;
UNII	1JQS135EYN;
KEGG	D00089 ;
ChEBI	CHEBI:7872 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL395429 ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID8048361 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.000.045
Data kimia dan fizikal
Formula	C43H66N12O12S2
Jisim molar	1,007.19 g·mol−1
Model 3D (JSmol)	Gambar interaktif;
	SMILES CC[C@H](C)[C@@H]1NC(=O)[C@H](Cc2ccc(O)cc2)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CSSC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC1=O)C(=O)N3CCC[C@H]3C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(N)=O;
	InChI InChI=1S/C43H66N12O12S2/c1-5-22(4)35-42(66)49-26(12-13-32(45)57)38(62)51-29(17-33(46)58)39(63)53-30(20-69-68-19-25(44)36(60)50-28(40(64)54-35)16-23-8-10-24(56)11-9-23)43(67)55-14-6-7-31(55)41(65)52-27(15-21(2)3)37(61)48-18-34(47)59/h8-11,21-22,25-31,35,56H,5-7,12-20,44H2,1-4H3,(H2,45,57)(H2,46,58)(H2,47,59)(H,48,61)(H,49,66)(H,50,60)(H,51,62)(H,52,65)(H,53,63)(H,54,64)/t22-,25-,26-,27-,28-,29-,30-,31-,35-/m0/s1 ; Key:XNOPRXBHLZRZKH-DSZYJQQASA-N ;
	(verify)

Oksitosin [ok-si-to-sin] (oxytocin, Oxt) adalah sejenis hormon peptida dan neuropeptida yang biasa dihasilkan di hipotalamus dan dikeluarkan oleh hipofisis posterior.^[6] Ia memainkan peranan dalam menjalinkan hubungan dan pembiakan seks; malah juga semasa dan selepas melahirkan anak^[7] di mana ia mendorong pelepasan hormon ke dalam saluran darah sebagai tindak balas kepada peregangan serviks dan rahim semasa kelahiran.^[8] Ini membantu dengan kelahiran, ikatan dengan bayi serta pengeluaran susu (bersama rangsangan puting payudara dari menyusu).^[9]

Struktur

Oksitosin ialah peptida terdiri daripada sembilan asid amino (nonapeptida) dalam susunan sisteina-tirosina-isoleusina-glutamina-asparagina-sisteina-prolina-leusina-glisina-amida (Cys – Tyr – Ile – Gln – Asn – Cys – Pro – Leu – Gly – NH₂, or CYIQNCPLG-NH₂); asid amino terminal C dibentuk menjadi amida primer dan ikatan disulfida menghubungkan kedua-dua sisteina.^[10] Oksitosin mempunyai jisim molekul 1007 Da dan satu unit antarabangsa (IU) oksitosin adalah bersamaan dengan 1.68 μg daripada peptida tulen.^[11]

Struktur oksitosin sangat serupa dengan vasopresin. Kedua-duanya ialah nonapeptida dengan ikatan disulfida tunggal, hanya berbeza dengan dua penggantian asid amino: Cys – Tyr – Phe – Gln – Asn – Cys – Pro – Arg – Gly – NH₂.^[10] Oksitosin dan vasopresin telah diasingkan dan jumlah sintesis mereka dilaporkan pada 1954,^[12] dengan pengkaji Vincent du Vigneaud dianugerahkan Hadiah Nobel dalam Kimia 1955 dengan keterangan: "untuk kerjanya mengenai sebatian sulfur yang penting dalam biokimia, terutamanya bagi sintesis pertama hormon polipeptida."^[13]

Rujukan

^ Weisman O, Zagoory-Sharon O, Feldman R (September 2012). "Intranasal oxytocin administration is reflected in human saliva". Psychoneuroendocrinology. 37 (9): 1582–1586. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.02.014. PMID 22436536. S2CID 25253083.
^ Huffmeijer R, Alink LR, Tops M, Grewen KM, Light KC, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Ijzendoorn MH (2012). "Salivary levels of oxytocin remain elevated for more than two hours after intranasal oxytocin administration". Neuro Endocrinology Letters. 33 (1): 21–25. PMID 22467107.
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000101405 - Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (ed. 41). Elsevier Health Sciences. 2015. m/s. 358. ISBN 978-0-7020-6851-5.
^ "Nonsocial functions of hypothalamic oxytocin". ISRN Neuroscience. 2013: 179272. 2013. doi:10.1155/2013/179272. PMC 4045544. PMID 24967304.
^ Chiras, Daniel D. (2012). Human Biology (ed. 7th). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. m/s. 262. ISBN 978-0-7637-8345-7. Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (bantuan)
^ Human Evolutionary Biology. Cambridge University Press. 2010. m/s. 282. ISBN 978-1-139-78900-4.
^ ^a ^b Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, Bruns DE (2012). Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics (ed. 5th). Elsevier Health Sciences. m/s. 1833. ISBN 978-1455759422.
^ "WHO International Standard OXYTOCIN 4th International Standard NIBSC code: 76/575: Instructions for use (Version 4.0, Dated 30/04/2013)" (PDF). Nibsc.org. Dicapai pada 5 March 2022.
^ Du Vigneaud V, Ressler C, Swan JM, Roberts CW, Katsoyannis PG (1954). "The Synthesis of Oxytocin". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 76 (12): 3115–21. doi:10.1021/ja01641a004.
^ "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB. Dicapai pada 17 November 2016.

Bacaan lanjut

Caldwell HK, Young WS (2006). "Oxytocin and Vasopressin: Genetics and Behavioral Implications" (PDF). Dalam Abel L, Lim R (penyunting). Handbook of neurochemistry and molecular neurobiology. Berlin: Springer. m/s. 573–607. ISBN 978-0-387-30348-2.
Fillod, Odile (2014), "Oxytocin as proximal cause of 'maternal instinct': weak science, post-feminism, and the hormones of mystique", dalam Schmitz (penyunting), Gendered neurocultures: feminist and queer perspectives on current brain discourses, challenge GENDER, 2, Wien: Zaglossus, ISBN 9783902902122.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
Yong, Ed (13 November 2015), "The weak science behind the wrongly named moral molecule", The Atlantic.

Pautan luar

Kategori berkenaan Oksitosin di Wikimedia Commons

[pmid22436536-1] Weisman O, Zagoory-Sharon O, Feldman R (September 2012). "Intranasal oxytocin administration is reflected in human saliva". Psychoneuroendocrinology. 37 (9): 1582–1586. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.02.014. PMID 22436536. S2CID 25253083.

[pmid22467107-2] Huffmeijer R, Alink LR, Tops M, Grewen KM, Light KC, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, Ijzendoorn MH (2012). "Salivary levels of oxytocin remain elevated for more than two hours after intranasal oxytocin administration". Neuro Endocrinology Letters. 33 (1): 21–25. PMID 22467107.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-3] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000101405 - Ensembl, May 2017

[4] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[5] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[6] Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (ed. 41). Elsevier Health Sciences. 2015. m/s. 358. ISBN 978-0-7020-6851-5.

[7] "Nonsocial functions of hypothalamic oxytocin". ISRN Neuroscience. 2013: 179272. 2013. doi:10.1155/2013/179272. PMC 4045544. PMID 24967304.

[Chi2012-8] Chiras, Daniel D. (2012). Human Biology (ed. 7th). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. m/s. 262. ISBN 978-0-7637-8345-7. Unknown parameter |name-list-format= ignored (bantuan)

[9] Human Evolutionary Biology. Cambridge University Press. 2010. m/s. 282. ISBN 978-1-139-78900-4.

[OxytocinVasopressinStructures-10] Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, Bruns DE (2012). Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics (ed. 5th). Elsevier Health Sciences. m/s. 1833. ISBN 978-1455759422.

[11] "WHO International Standard OXYTOCIN 4th International Standard NIBSC code: 76/575: Instructions for use (Version 4.0, Dated 30/04/2013)" (PDF). Nibsc.org. Dicapai pada 5 March 2022.

[12] Du Vigneaud V, Ressler C, Swan JM, Roberts CW, Katsoyannis PG (1954). "The Synthesis of Oxytocin". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 76 (12): 3115–21. doi:10.1021/ja01641a004.

[13] "The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1955". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB. Dicapai pada 17 November 2016.

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