亥
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]亥 (Kangxi radical 8, 亠+4, 6 strokes, cangjie input 卜女竹人 (YVHO), four-corner 00802, composition ⿳亠𠂈人 or ⿱丶𠀔)
Derived characters
[edit]- 侅 咳 垓 姟 孩 峐 㤥 㧡 晐 核 烗 畡 䀭 硋 絯(𰬓) 胲 該(该) 豥 賅(赅) 䠹 輆(𬨇) 䤤(𫟺) 陔 䬵 駭(骇) 骸 㚊 餩(𱃽) 刻 劾 欬 㱾 郂 頦(颏) 痎 氦 閡(阂) 奒 荄 賌
- 𣴃 𪻞 𮁷 𥞨 𥩲 𦈲 𮌑 𧊏 𮖀 𨀖 𨠳 𮧙 𫠄 𩠚 𩰶 𪠠 𨒨 𮨫 𡲼 𠛳 𢻉 𢼵 𦐤 𠜨 𡭹 𨽷 𡱍 𭈯
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 88, character 8
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 292
- Dae Jaweon: page 186, character 1
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 283, character 5
- Unihan data for U+4EA5
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
亥 | |
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2nd round simp. | ⿻⿻一𠃋人 | |
alternative forms | 㐪 𠀅 𢁓 𢁳 𠦇 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 亥 | |||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Old Chinese | |
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該 | *kɯː |
垓 | *kɯː |
賅 | *kɯː |
陔 | *kɯː |
豥 | *kɯː, *ɡɯː |
荄 | *kɯː, *krɯː |
郂 | *kɯː |
姟 | *kɯː |
絯 | *kɯː, *ɡrɯːʔ |
晐 | *kɯː |
峐 | *kɯː |
侅 | *kɯː, *kʰɯː, *ɡɯːʔ, *ɡrɯːʔ |
胲 | *kɯː |
頦 | *kɯːʔ, *ɡɯː |
奒 | *kʰɯː |
輆 | *kʰɯːʔ |
欬 | *kʰɯːɡs, *qraːds |
硋 | *ŋɡɯːɡs |
閡 | *ŋɡɯːɡs |
咳 | *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː |
孩 | *ɡɯː |
亥 | *ɡɯːʔ |
劾 | *ɡɯːɡs, *kʰrɯːɡs, *ɡɯːɡ |
痎 | *krɯː |
烗 | *kʰrɯːɡs |
骸 | *ɡrɯː |
駭 | *ɡrɯːʔ |
刻 | *kʰɯːɡ |
餩 | *qɯːɡ |
核 | *ɡuːd, *ɡrɯːɡ |
Pictogram (象形) – depiction uncertain. Some propose it depicts a plant's roots underground, possibly as the original form of 荄 (OC *kɯː, *krɯː). Others propose it is an animal, similar in origin to 豕.
Etymology
[edit]Smith (2011) groups 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ) in a word-family meaning "root, germ, generative core" along with 荄 (OC *kɯ:, “grassroot”) > 根 (OC *kɯːn, “root”), 核 (OC *ɡrɯːɡ, “germ, kernel”), 骸 (OC *ɡrɯː, “(human) bones”), and 孩 (OC *ɡɯː, “child”). He suggests the derivation 荄根 "germ, sprout, root (n.)" → 孩 "to sprout" → 亥 "sprouting stage", i.e. "the moon’s first appearance", recalling 月芽 lit. "moon sprout" > "crescent moon".
See 核 (hé) for further etymology.
Later 亥 (hài) and 豕 (shǐ, “pig”) graphically converged.
As for 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ)'s phonological association with the pig. Compare the following:
- Khmer កុរ (kol, “year of the pig”), from Angkorian Old Khmer kur.
- Proto-Vietic *guːrʔ (“pig; pork”) or *kuːrʔ (“pig; pork”):
- Thai กุน (gun, “year of the pig”), a loan from Old Khmer.
Ferlus (2013) notes 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ) is a possible match to the Austroasiatic root, but there should be a final sonorant in Old Chinese.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi6
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hoi
- Jin (Wiktionary): hai3
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6ghe
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄏㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: hài
- Wade–Giles: hai4
- Yale: hài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hay
- Palladius: хай (xaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /xaɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: hoi6
- Yale: hoih
- Cantonese Pinyin: hoi6
- Guangdong Romanization: hoi6
- Sinological IPA (key): /hɔːi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hoi
- Hakka Romanization System: hoi
- Hagfa Pinyim: hoi4
- Sinological IPA: /hoi̯⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: hai3
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /xai⁴⁵/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hǎi
- Tâi-lô: hǎi
- IPA (Quanzhou): /hai²²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hāi
- Tâi-lô: hāi
- Phofsit Daibuun: hai
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hai³³/
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hai²²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: hai6
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hăi
- Sinological IPA (key): /hai³⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Wu
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 亥 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /xai⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /xai⁵³/ /xai²⁴/ | |
Tianjin | /xai⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /xɛ²¹/ | |
Qingdao | /xɛ⁴²/ | |
Zhengzhou | /xai⁴²/ | |
Xi'an | /xai⁴⁴/ | |
Xining | /xɛ²¹³/ | |
Yinchuan | /xɛ¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /xɛ¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /xai⁵¹/ | |
Wuhan | /xai³⁵/ | |
Chengdu | /xai¹³/ /xe³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /xai²¹³/ | |
Kunming | /xæ²¹²/ | |
Nanjing | /xae⁴⁴/ | |
Hefei | /xe̞⁵³/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /xai⁴⁵/ |
Pingyao | /xæ⁵³/ | |
Hohhot | /xɛ⁵⁵/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ɦe²³/ |
Suzhou | /ɦe̞³¹/ | |
Hangzhou | /ɦe̞¹³/ | |
Wenzhou | /ɦe³⁵/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /xɛ²²/ |
Tunxi | /xa²⁴/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /xai⁵⁵/ |
Xiangtan | /ɦai²¹/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /hai²¹/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /hoi⁵³/ |
Taoyuan | /hoi⁵⁵/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hɔi²²/ |
Nanning | /hɔi²²/ | |
Hong Kong | /hɔi²²/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hai²²/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /hɑi²⁴²/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xuɛ⁴⁴/ | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /hai³⁵/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /hai³³/ |
- Middle Chinese: hojX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤəʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯːʔ/
Definitions
[edit]亥
- (obsolete) grass root
- twelfth of twelve earthly branches (十二支)
- pig (豬) of the Chinese zodiac
- a surname
Coordinate terms
[edit]- (Chinese earthly branches) 地支 (dìzhī); 子, 丑 (chǒu), 寅 (yín), 卯 (mǎo), 辰 (chén), 巳 (sì), 午 (wǔ), 未 (wèi), 申 (shēn), 酉 (yǒu), 戌, 亥 (hài) (Category: zh:Chinese earthly branches)
Compounds
[edit]See also
[edit]- 豕 (shǐ)
References
[edit]- “Entry #2051”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Readings
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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亥 |
い Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
From 猪 (inoshishi, i, “boar”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- the Boar, the twelfth of the twelve Earthly Branches
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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亥 |
がい Jinmeiyō |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 亥 (hojX).
Proper noun
[edit]- the Boar, the twelfth of the twelve Earthly Branches
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]亥 (eum 해 (hae))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- chữ Hán form of Hợi (“twelfth of the twelve earthly branches”).
Compounds
[edit]- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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- zh:Chinese earthly branches
- Japanese kanji
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- Japanese kanji with goon reading がい
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading かい
- Japanese kanji with kun reading い
- Japanese kanji with historical kun reading ゐ
- Japanese terms spelled with 亥 read as い
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- Japanese terms spelled with 亥 read as がい
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- ja:Chinese earthly branches
- Korean lemmas
- Korean hanja
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- Vietnamese Han characters
- Vietnamese Chữ Hán