丑
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]丑 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+3, 4 strokes, cangjie input 弓土 (NG), four-corner 17105, composition ⿴ユ十 or ⿻彐丨)
Traditional | 丑 |
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Simplified | 丑 |
Japanese | 丑 |
Korean | 丑 |
Usage notes
[edit]In Mainland China's Modern Chinese General Chinese Characters Stroke Order Standard (现代汉语通用字笔顺规范) and Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian (《现代汉语规范词典》), the third stroke touches the first stroke (相接 (xiāngjiē)) but does not cross over it. In the Taiwan, Japan and Hong Kong standards, the third stroke crosses over the first stroke (相交 (xiāngjiāo)).
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 77, character 4
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23
- Dae Jaweon: page 154, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 12, character 7
- Unihan data for U+4E11
Chinese
[edit]Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 丑 | |||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
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Pictogram (象形) – a hand.
Etymology 1
[edit]trad. | 丑 | |
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simp. # | 丑 | |
alternative forms | 丒 㗺 𠃠 |
Smith (2010) proposes that 丑 graphically depicts the claw-like "final, narrow phase of the moon"; he glosses it as "thing that pinches > pincer" and groups it into a word-family which is based on 扭 (OC *nuʔ, *tnuʔ, “twist, pinch”) and also includes
- 手 (OC *hnjɯwʔ, “hand”);
- 杻 (OC *nuʔ, *n̥ʰuʔ) ~ 杽 (OC *n̥ʰɯwʔ, “manacle”), which equally uses 丑 (OC *n̥ʰuʔ) or 手 (OC *hnjɯwʔ) as phonophoric, as noted by Unger (1995) and Sagart (1999);
- 紐 (OC *nuʔ) ~ 鈕 (OC *nuʔ, “grip handle”), with which Shuowen glosses 丑 (OC *n̥ʰuʔ);
- 狃 (OC *nuʔ, *nus, “animal tracks”), suggested to mean "animals' fingers" by Sagart (1999).
Its association with the ox is from Austroasiatic (Mei, 1980; Norman, 1985; Ferlus, 2013); compare Proto-Vietic *c-luː (“water buffalo”), Proto-Mon-Khmer *krpiʔ ~ *krpiiw ~ *krpuʔ ~ *(kr)puh (“buffalo”), Proto-Austroasiatic *k.r.pu.y (“buffalo”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cou3
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ciiu3
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): cou2
- Northern Min (KCR): tiǔ
- Eastern Min (BUC): tiū
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5tsheu
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): chou3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄡˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chǒu
- Wade–Giles: chʻou3
- Yale: chǒu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: choou
- Palladius: чоу (čou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: cou3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cou
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰəu⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: cau2
- Yale: cháu
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsau2
- Guangdong Romanization: ceo2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɐu̯³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ciu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ciiu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɨu²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhú
- Hakka Romanization System: cuˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: cu3
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: cou2
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰəu⁵³/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tiǔ
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰiu²¹/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: tiū
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰieu³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- Middle Chinese: trhjuwX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[n̥]ruʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*n̥ʰuʔ/
Definitions
[edit]丑
Coordinate terms
[edit]- (Chinese earthly branches) 地支 (dìzhī); 子, 丑 (chǒu), 寅 (yín), 卯 (mǎo), 辰 (chén), 巳 (sì), 午 (wǔ), 未 (wèi), 申 (shēn), 酉 (yǒu), 戌, 亥 (hài) (Category: zh:Chinese earthly branches)
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]trad. | 丑 | |
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simp. # | 丑 |
- 以墨粉塗面,其形甚醜。今省文為丑。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: 1559, 徐渭 [Xu Wei], 《南詞敘錄》 [An Account of Southern Drama]
- Yǐ mòfěn tú miàn, qí xíng shèn chǒu. Jīn xǐngwén wèi chǒu. [Pinyin]
- His face is smeared with powdered ink, and his appearance is very 醜 (ugly). It is now graphically simplified to 丑.
以墨粉涂面,其形甚醜。今省文为丑。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cou3
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): ciiu3
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): tiū
- Southern Min
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): chou3
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄡˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chǒu
- Wade–Giles: chʻou3
- Yale: chǒu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: choou
- Palladius: чоу (čou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰoʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: cou3
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cou
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰəu⁵³/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: cau2
- Yale: cháu
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsau2
- Guangdong Romanization: ceo2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɐu̯³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: ciu2
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: ciiu3
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰɨu²¹³/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhú
- Hakka Romanization System: cuˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: cu3
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰu³¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: tiū
- Sinological IPA (key): /tʰieu³³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Xiang
Definitions
[edit]丑
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 3
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of 丑 – see 醜 (“ugly; homely; hideous; shameful; disgraceful; etc.”). (This character is the simplified form of 醜). |
Notes:
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Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: ちゅ (chu)←ちゆ (tyu, historical)
- Kan-on: ちゅう (chū)←ちう (tiu, historical)
- On: しゅ (shu)←しゆ (syu, historical); しゅう (shū)←しう (siu, historical)
- Kun: うし (ushi, 丑)
- Nanori: ひろ (hiro)
Etymology 1
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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丑 |
うし Jinmeiyō |
kun'yomi |
From 牛 (ushi, “bull; cow; ox”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Proper noun
[edit]- the Ox, the second of the twelve Earthly Branches
Etymology 2
[edit]Kanji in this term |
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丑 |
ちゅう Jinmeiyō |
on'yomi |
From Middle Chinese 丑 (trhjuwX).
Proper noun
[edit]- the Ox, the second of the twelve Earthly Branches
Korean
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From a corrupted or unorthodox reading. The original reading is 추 (chu) based on Middle Chinese 丑 (MC trhjuwX).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰuk̚]
- Phonetic hangul: [축]
Hanja
[edit]丑 (eumhun 소 축 (so chuk))
丑 (eumhun 둘째 지지 축 (duljjae jiji chuk))
Compounds
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle Chinese 丑 (MC trhjuwX). Recorded as Middle Korean 튜ᇢ〯 (Yale: thyǔw) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [t͡ɕʰu]
- Phonetic hangul: [추]
Hanja
[edit]丑 (eumhun 사람 이름 추 (saram ireum chu))
- Used in personal names.
References
[edit]- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [1]
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]丑: Hán Nôm readings: sửu, giấu, sấu, xấu, trửu, trẩu, chẩu, chửu
- chữ Hán form of Sửu (“second of the twelve earthly branches”).
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- CJK Unified Ideographs block
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- Japanese kanji with historical kan'on reading ちう
- Japanese kanji with on reading しゅ
- Japanese kanji with historical on reading しゆ
- Japanese kanji with on reading しゅう
- Japanese kanji with historical on reading しう
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