不
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Translingual
[edit]Stroke order | |||
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Han character
[edit]不 (Kangxi radical 1, 一+3, 4 strokes, cangjie input 一火 (MF), four-corner 10900, composition ⿸丆⿰丨丶(GHJKT) or ⿻丆卜(V))
Usage notes
[edit]This character is not to be confused with visually similar but unrelated 𣎴 (U+233B4
) or 𤓯 (U+244EF
).
Derived characters
[edit]- 伓, 吥, 坏, 妚, 怀, 抔, 㳅, 还, 阫, 肧, 杯, 炋, 环, 𭾟, 𥐴, 紑, 𦤹, 𧉈, 𰀍, 衃, 䞜, 鈈 (钚), 䬪, 𡮗, 鴀 (𫛜), 㞸, 芣, 罘, 𮅁, 䯱, 丕, 𰀲, 㔻, 否, 奀, 㫘, 㶪, 𠀱, 㶨, 𠀰, 甭, 盃, 歪, 𧖯, 𧗩, 𠀾, 孬, 覔, 𠁆, 䬩, 嫑, 𧶏, 𠁙, 𠁞, 囨
Descendants
[edit]- ふ (Hiragana character derived from Man'yōgana)
- フ (Katakana character derived from Man'yōgana)
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 76, character 15
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19
- Dae Jaweon: page 149, character 4
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 11, character 6
- Unihan data for U+4E0D
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
不 | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 㐬 𠀚 𠙐 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 不 | ||||||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) | ||
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
|
Old Chinese | |
---|---|
肧 | *pʰlɯː, *pʰɯ, *pʰlɯː |
俖 | *pʰɯːʔ |
娝 | *prɯʔ |
痞 | *prɯʔ, *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ |
丕 | *pʰrɯ |
伾 | *pʰrɯ |
秠 | *pʰrɯ, *pʰrɯʔ, *pʰɯ, *pʰɯʔ |
駓 | *pʰrɯ |
怌 | *pʰrɯ |
豾 | *pʰrɯ |
髬 | *pʰrɯ |
魾 | *pʰrɯ, *brɯ |
鉟 | *pʰrɯ, *brɯ |
嚭 | *pʰrɯʔ |
邳 | *brɯ |
岯 | *brɯ |
否 | *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ |
抔 | *bɯ, *pʰlɯː |
不 | *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ' |
紑 | *pɯ, *pʰɯ, *pʰɯʔ |
鴀 | *pɯ, *pɯʔ |
衃 | *pʰɯ, *pʰlɯː |
罘 | *bɯ |
芣 | *bɯ |
杯 | *plɯː |
盃 | *plɯː |
桮 | *pɯː |
坯 | *pʰɯː |
胚 | *pʰɯː |
Pictogram (象形) : the calyx of a flower. 不 was then composed into a phono-semantic character with the pictograph for mouth (口), to form 否 (OC *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ), representing “no” (negation). This composed meaning then spread back to the original character 不, making it a synonym of 否. A new character of 柎 (OC *po) was eventually created to represent the original meaning of calyx.
Following Shuowen’s interpretation, Karlgren and Wieger interpret it as a bird flying toward the sky (一). The sky being the limit for the bird, thus the idea of negation.
Etymology 1
[edit]Old Chinese had two sets of negatives: the initial *p-series and the initial *m-series. 不 is the prototype of the *p-series of negatives. Although it is the usual Literary Chinese negative attested from the oracle bone script down, its current usage is now confined to Mandarin dialects. In the oracle bone inscriptions, a total of five negative particles can be found: 不, 弗, 毋, 勿 and 非. With the exception of 非 (discussed later), the remaining can be neatly organised into the following system:
*-V | *-ɯd | |
---|---|---|
*p-type negatives (< ?) | 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ') | 弗 (OC *pɯd) |
*m-type negatives (< Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ma) | 毋 (OC *ma) (無 (OC *ma)) |
勿 (OC *mɯd) |
Takahashi (1996) argued that the *m-type negatives are modal (i.e. negative verbs which are thought of as controllable by the Shang), whereas the *p-type negatives are non-modal (imply uncontrollability; actions which are beyond the control of living persons).
In the *p-series, 不 usually goes with intransitive verbs in the oracle bone script, and 弗 (OC *pɯd) with transitive ones, although there are some glaring exceptions. Little or no pattern can be discerned in the *m-type category. Takahashi (1996) also proposed that the difference between the two vowel series was whether they preceded “stative, eventive, passive” (*-V series) or “non-stative, non-eventive, active” (*-ɯd series) verbs.
It is possible that the two parallel series of negatives in Old Chinese represent a fusion of the common Sino–Tibetan *ma (“no, not”) (carried by the eastward-migrating early Sino–Tibetans) and an indigenous negation system in Central China, and that the merger had been complete by the Shang times. Compare a similar system in Proto-Tai: *ɓawᴮ (“not [strong form 1]”), *boːᴮ (“not [strong form 2]”), *miːᴬ (“not [weak form]”); Thai บ่ (bɔ̀ɔ, “(literary, archaic, dialectal) not”).
The development from Old Chinese to Middle Chinese was not regular. The character 不 replaced 弗 (OC *pɯd, MC *piut), to respect the naming taboo for Emperor Zhao of Han, although the pronunciation has remained in nearly all topolects (e.g. Beijing Mandarin bù, Guangzhou Cantonese bat1, Meixian Hakka bud5, Shanghainese Wu peq). The Modern Standard Mandarin pronunciation is also from this checked coda word, but this word escaped from regular sound changes during its evolution to the modern pronunciation bù. The expected reading is fu (tone undetermined), with labiodentalisation. The rising-tone pronunciation had a Middle Chinese homophone 否 (“not”), which is now primarily used in compounds, and demonstrates the regular development into modern f-. Another example of a high-frequency word escaping this sound change is 父 (OC *paʔ, *baʔ, “dad”), which resulted in the late coinage of the character 爸 (bà).
不 is cognate with other negation particles in the *p-type category:
- 弗 (OC *pɯd, “not”);
- 非 (OC *pɯj, “not be; not”) – can be safely regarded as a fusion of 不 (OC *pɯ, *pɯʔ, *pɯ', “not”) and 惟 (OC *ɢʷi, “to be”);
- 否 (OC *brɯʔ, *pɯʔ, “not; to be wrong”);
- 匪 (OC *pɯjʔ, “it is not; to be not”); and
- 棐 (OC *pɯjʔ, “it is not; to be not”).
Cognate with Thai บ่ (bɔ̀ɔ, “(literary, archaic, dialectal) not”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): bu2
- (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): bú / bu
- (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): bůq
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): бу (bu, I)
- Cantonese
- Gan (Wiktionary): biit6
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): beh4
- Northern Min (KCR): bŭ
- Eastern Min (BUC): bók
- Southern Min
- Wu (Northern, Wugniu): 7peq
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): bu6
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: bù
- Wade–Giles: pu4
- Yale: bù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bu
- Palladius: бу (bu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: bu2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: bu
- Sinological IPA (key): /pu²¹/
- (Xi'an)
- Guanzhong Pinyin: bú / bu
- Sinological IPA (key): /pu²⁴/, /pu/
- (Nanjing)
- Nanjing Pinyin: bůq
- Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): buq5
- Sinological IPA (key): /puʔ⁵/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: бу (bu, I)
- Sinological IPA (key): /pou²⁴/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Chengdu)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: bat1
- Yale: bāt
- Cantonese Pinyin: bat7
- Guangdong Romanization: bed1
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɐt̚⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: but2
- Sinological IPA (key): /put̚⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: biit6
- Sinological IPA (key): /pɨt̚⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: put
- Hakka Romanization System: budˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: bud5
- Sinological IPA: /put̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: beh4
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /pəʔ²/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: bŭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /pu²⁴/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: bók
- Sinological IPA (key): /pouʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: bu6
- Sinological IPA (key): /pu²⁴/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: pjuw, pjuwX, pjut
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*pə/
- (Zhengzhang): /*pɯ/, /*pɯʔ/, /*pɯ'/
Definitions
[edit]不
- (preceding verbs and adjectives) not
- (between a verb and a complement) cannot
- Used as an answer of refutation to a polar question: no (to a positive polar question); yes (to a negative polar question)
- 1965 March 15, “周恩来总理在第三届全国人民代表大会第一次会議上作政府工作报告”, in 中华人民共和国全国人民代表大会常务委員会公报, number 77, page 12:
- 难道这是做不到的嗎?是吹牛皮、放大炮嗎?不,是做得到的。旣不是吹牛皮,也不是放大炮。 [MSC, simp.]
- Nándào zhè shì zuòbudào de ma? Shì chuīniúpí, fàngdàpào ma? Bù, shì zuòdedào de. Jì bùshì chuīniúpí, yě bùshì fàngdàpào. [Pinyin]
- Are these actually unachievable? Is it bragging or big talk? No, these are achievable. It's neither bragging nor big talk.
難道這是做不到的嗎?是吹牛皮、放大炮嗎?不,是做得到的。旣不是吹牛皮,也不是放大炮。 [MSC, trad.]
-
- 蘇格拉底還在啟發學生:「你説欺騙朋友是惡行,可是在戰爭時統帥為了鼓舞士氣,會假稱援軍就要到了,實際上並無援軍,你説這種欺騙是惡行嗎?」學生説:「不,這是善行。」 [Taiwanese Mandarin, trad.]
- Sūgélādǐ hái zài qǐfā xuéshēng: “Nǐ shuō qīpiàn péngyǒu shì èxìng, kěshì zài zhànzhēng shí tǒngshuài wèi le gǔwǔ shìqì, huì jiǎchēng yuánjūn jiùyào dào le, shíjìshàng bìng wú yuánjūn, nǐ shuō zhè zhǒng qīpiàn shì èxìng ma?” Xuéshēng shuō: “Bù, zhè shì shànxìng.” [Pinyin]
- Socrates enlightened his students, "You said lying to a friend is an evil deed, but if a commander falsely claims in battle that reinforcements are on their way in order to boost morale even though there are no reinforcements in actuality, would you say this kind of lying is evil?" The students said, "No, this is a good deed."
苏格拉底还在启发学生:「你说欺骗朋友是恶行,可是在战争时统帅为了鼓舞士气,会假称援军就要到了,实际上并无援军,你说这种欺骗是恶行吗?」学生说:「不,这是善行。」 [Taiwanese Mandarin, simp.]
- Used with 就 (jiù) to indicate the first of two alternatives.
- (regional) Used to form polar questions, placed at the end of a question.
- 你愛吃紅蘿蔔不? [Guanzhong Mandarin, trad.]
- Nì ngāi chǐ hóngluóbu bu? [Guanzhong Pinyin]
- Do you like eating carrots?
你爱吃红萝卜不? [Guanzhong Mandarin, simp.]
- (colloquial) Question particle placed at the end of the sentence.
- (colloquial) Intensifying particle often used with 好 (hǎo).
- † Meaningless particle used in poems and other texts.
- 有周不顯、帝命不時。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
- Yǒu zhōu bù xiǎn, dì mìng bù shí. [Pinyin]
- Illustrious was the House of Zhou, And the appointment of God came at the proper season.
有周不显、帝命不时。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Synonyms
[edit]- (not):
Usage notes
[edit]- (Mandarin)
- The tone changes from fourth to second tone when followed by a fourth-tone syllable.
- (not):
- The past-perfect form of 不 is 沒/没 (méi) or 未 (wèi), not *不了
- 我不當兵。/我不当兵。 ― Wǒ bù dāngbīng. ― I am not becoming a soldier.
- 我沒當兵。/我没当兵。 ― Wǒ méi dāngbīng. ― I did not become a soldier.
- 我未當兵。/我未当兵。 ― Wǒ wèi dāngbīng. ― I have not yet become a soldier.
- 我不當兵了。/我不当兵了。 ― Wǒ bù dāngbīng le. ― I am no longer a soldier.
- Note that the 4th sentence does not mean "I have not become a soldier". Syntactically, 不 is a verb prefix that forms a stative verb with the verb to be negated. Therefore it can not be modified by the perfective aspect marker 了 (le), which modifies only dynamic verbs. When 了 appears in a 不 sentence, it usually functions as a marker of "currently relevant state" instead.
- 不 can not be used before the verb 有 (yǒu, “to have”). Use 沒/没 (méi) instead.
- 不 can not be used before compounds beginning with 有, or another 不. Depending on the context, other negative particles must be used instead which formally contain a predicate or auxiliary, e.g., 不是 (bùshì), 並非/并非 (bìngfēi), imperfective 沒有/没有 (méiyǒu), epistemic 不會/不会 (bùhuì).
- The verb can be elided, as in the following:
- An equivalent construction is not valid in Cantonese.
- The past-perfect form of 不 is 沒/没 (méi) or 未 (wèi), not *不了
- (can not):
- "not" and "can not" are distinguished only by word order.
- Since 不 must be placed before a complement, if there is no complement in the sentence, a placeholder 了 (liǎo) can be used for this purpose.
- (no): Although 不 can be used like English no to answer a yes/no question, it is more natural to answer it by changing the question to a negative statement.
- When read in Northern Wu languages, such as Shanghainese or Suzhounese, the syllable is pronounced the same as 勿, despite the existing expected pronunciation
Descendants
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄡˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fǒu
- Wade–Giles: fou3
- Yale: fǒu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bu
- Palladius: фоу (fou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /foʊ̯²¹⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: fau2
- Yale: fáu
- Cantonese Pinyin: fau2
- Guangdong Romanization: feo2
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɐu̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Southern Min
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: houn2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hóuⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /hõũ⁵²/
- (Teochew)
- Middle Chinese: pjuwX
Definitions
[edit]不
- † Alternative form of 否 (“negation and question particle”)
- 須菩提!於意云何?三千大千世界所有微塵,是為多不? [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Diamond Sutra, translated by Kumārajīva circa 5th century CE
- Xūpútí! Yú yì yúnhé? Sānqiāndàqiānshìjiè suǒyǒu wēichén, shì wèi duō fǒu? [Pinyin]
- Subhūti, what do you think? Are there very many atoms contained in three thousand great thousand-worlds?
须菩提!于意云何?三千大千世界所有微尘,是为多不? [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Etymology 3
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄡ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fou
- Wade–Giles: fou1
- Yale: fōu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bu
- Palladius: фоу (fou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /foʊ̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: pjuw
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*pə/
- (Zhengzhang): /*pɯ/
Definitions
[edit]不
- a surname
Etymology 4
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄨ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fu
- Wade–Giles: fu1
- Yale: fū
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bu
- Palladius: фу (fu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fu⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
[edit]不
Etymology 5
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Definitions
[edit]不
- (Southern Min) Alternative form of 毋
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- “不”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]Readings
[edit]- Go-on: ふ (fu, Jōyō); ほち (hochi)
- Kan-on: ふう (fū); ふつ (futsu)
- Kan’yō-on: ぶ (bu, Jōyō)
- Kun: ず (zu, 不); せず (sezu); にあらず (niarazu); いなや (inaya)
Compounds
[edit]- 不安 (fuan)
- 不一 (fuitsu), 不乙 (fuitsu)
- 不運 (fuun)
- 不壊 (fue, “indestructibility”)
- 不易 (fueki)
- 不可 (fuka)
- 不可解 (fukakai, “incomprehensible”)
- 不快 (fukai)
- 不許 (fukyo, “impermissible”)
- 不具 (fugu, “disability”)
- 不倶戴天 (fugutaiten)
- 不言実行 (fugenjikkō)
- 不孝 (fukō)
- 不幸 (fukō)
- 不治 (fuji)
- 不死身 (fujimi, “invulnerable”)
- 不悉 (fushitsu)
- 不肖 (fushō)
- 不祥 (fushō)
- 不詳 (fushō)
- 不祥事 (fushōji)
- 不浄 (fujō, “unclean”)
- 不定 (fujō)
- 不精 (bushō)
- 不尽 (fujin)
- 不宣 (fusen)
- 不戦 (fusen)
- 不全 (fuzen)
- 不善 (fuzen)
- 不測 (fusoku)
- 不足 (fusoku)
- 不貞 (futei)
- 不逞 (futei)
- 不敵 (futeki)
- 不当 (futō)
- 不凍液 (futōeki, “antifreeze”)
- 不備 (fubi)
- 不敏 (fubin)
- 不憫 (fubin), 不愍 (fubin), 不便 (fubin)
- 不服 (fufuku)
- 不文律 (fubunritsu)
- 不平 (fuhei)
- 不変 (fuhen)
- 不満 (fuman)
- 不毛 (fumō)
- 不問 (fumon)
- 不埒 (furachi)
- 不慮 (furyo, “unforeseen, unexpected”)
- 不倫 (furin)
- 不老 (furō, “unaging, eternal youth”)
- 不惑 (fuwaku)
- 不束 (futsutsuka)
- 不思議 (fushigi)
- 不知火 (shiranui)
- 不如帰 (hototogisu)
- 不見転 (mizuten)
Kanji in this term |
---|
不 |
ふ Grade: 4 |
goon |
Pronunciation
[edit]Prefix
[edit]- un-, non-, in-
- 不用心 (buyōjin, “careless, insecurity”)
- bad, poor
- 不評 (fuhyō, “unpopularity, bad reputation”)
Korean
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Middle Chinese 不 (MC pjut).
Hanja
[edit]Compounds
[edit]- 불가 (不可, bulga)
- 불과 (不過, bulgwa)
- 불규칙 (不規則, bulgyuchik)
- 불능 (不能, bulleung)
- 불량 (不良, bullyang)
- 불만 (不滿, bulman)
- 불명 (不明, bulmyeong)
- 불명예 (不名譽, bulmyeong'ye)
- 불법 (不法, bulbeop)
- 불신 (不信, bulsin)
- 불안 (不安, buran)
- 불완전 (不完全, burwanjeon)
- 불의 (不義, burui)
- 불쾌 (不快, bulkwae)
- 불편 (不便, bulpyeon)
- 불평 (不平, bulpyeong)
- 불평등 (不平等, bulpyeongdeung)
- 불행 (不幸, bulhaeng)
- 불효 (不孝, bulhyo)
Etymology 2
[edit]From Middle Chinese 不 (MC pjuw).
Hanja
[edit]Usage notes
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]不: Hán Việt readings: bất[1][2], bưu, bỉ, phi, phu, phầu, phủ
不: Nôm readings: bất[1][2]
Compounds
[edit]- 不一 (bất nhất)
- 不仁 (bất nhân)
- 不便 (bất tiện)
- 不信任 (bất tín nhiệm)
- 不公 (bất công)
- 不分勝敗 (bất phân thắng bại)
- 不利 (bất lợi)
- 不力 (bất lực)
- 不動 (bất động)
- 不動產 (bất động sản)
- 不勤 (bất cần)
- 不及 (bất cập)
- 不可侵犯 (bất khả xâm phạm)
- 不可戰敗 (bất khả chiến bại)
- 不可抗 (bất khả kháng)
- 不可施 (bất khả thi)
- 不合法 (bất hợp pháp)
- 不合理 (bất hợp lí)
- 不同 (bất đồng)
- 不和 (bất hòa/bất hoà)
- 不執 (bất chấp)
- 不好 (bất hảo)
- 不孝 (bất hiếu)
- 不安 (bất an)
- 不定 (bất định)
- 不屈 (bất khuất)
- 不常 (bất thường)
- 不平 (bất bình)
- 不平等 (bất bình đẳng)
- 不幸 (bất hạnh)
- 不得其死 (bất đắc kì tử)
- 不得已 (bất đắc dĩ)
- 不必 (bất tất)
- 不忠 (bất trung)
- 不成文 (bất thành văn)
- 不才 (bất tài)
- 不敬 (bất kính)
- 不方程 (bất phương trình)
- 不明 (bất minh)
- 不朽 (bất hủ)
- 不正 (bất chính)
- 不死 (bất tử)
- 不治 (bất trị)
- 不測 (bất trắc)
- 不滅 (bất diệt)
- 不滿 (bất mãn)
- 不疑 (bất ngờ)
- 不省 (bất tỉnh)
- 不省人事 (bất tỉnh nhân sự)
- 不移不易 (bất di bất dịch)
- 不穩 (bất ổn)
- 不等式 (bất đẳng thức)
- 不義 (bất nghĩa)
- 不良 (bất lương)
- 不覺 (bất giác)
- 不論 (bất luận)
- 不謹 (bất cẩn)
- 不變 (bất biến)
- 不過 (bất quá)
- 不離身 (bất li thân)
- 利不及害 (lợi bất cập hại)
- 力不從心 (lực bất tòng tâm)
- 半身不遂 (bán thân bất toại)
- 名不虛傳 (danh bất hư truyền)
- 按兵不動 (án binh bất động)
- 滔滔不絕 (thao thao bất tuyệt)
References
[edit]- Character boxes with images
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- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ふう
- Japanese kanji with kan'on reading ふつ
- Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading ぶ
- Japanese kanji with kun reading ず
- Japanese kanji with kun reading せず
- Japanese kanji with kun reading にあらず
- Japanese kanji with kun reading いなや
- Japanese terms spelled with 不 read as ふ
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